中王国时期是古埃及历史上的一个时期，包括第十一和十二王朝，通常划定在前2133－1786年，但严格地说，应该从第十一王朝的孟图霍特普二世时代（约前2060－2010年）开始。孟图霍特普二世在他统治的第三十九年（约前2022年），把他的荷鲁斯式改为"斯玛托威"，意为"两地的统一者"。
The Middle Kingdom is the period in the history of ancient Egypt stretching from the establishment of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Fourteenth Dynasty, between 2050 BC and 1652 BC.
The period comprises two phases, the 11th Dynasty, which ruled from Thebes and the 12th Dynasty onwards which was centred around el-Lisht. These two dynasties were originally considered to be the full extent of this unified kingdom, but historians now consider the 13th Dynasty to at least partially belong to the Middle Kingdom.