dà yuē zài gōng yuán qián 3150
nián，
shàng xià '
āi jí de tǒng yī biāo zhì zhù gǔ '
āi jí zǎo wáng cháo shí qī de kāi shǐ。
zǎo wáng cháo shí qī bāo kuò liǎo dì yī wáng cháo yǔ dì '
èr wáng cháo，
shí jiān yóu qián wáng cháo shí qī zhí zhì gōng yuán qián 2686
nián，
yòu huò zhě zhí zhì gǔ wáng guó shí qī。
zài dì yī wáng cháo shí qī，
āi jí de shǒu dū yóu '
ā bài duō sī qiān zhì mèng fěi sī，
tǒng zhì '
āi jí de jūn zhù yōng yòu shén yī bān de quán lì，
qí tǒng zhì fàn wéi yóu ní luó hé sān jiǎo zhōu zhì '
ā sī wàng ní luó hé dì yī pù bù。
ā bài duō sī réng rán '
āi jí nán bù zōng jiào chóng bài de zhōng xīn。
gǔ '
āi jí wén míng de xǔ duō chéng jiù，
rú yì shù、
jiàn zhù jí zōng jiào de gè fāng miàn dōuzài zhè duàn shí qī chéng xíng。
zài shàng xià '
āi jí tǒng yī zhī qián，
āi jí de gè gè chéng shì dōuyòu zì zhù quán。
zài zǎo wáng cháo shí qī，
yǐ jí hòu lái de xǔ duō shí jiān，
āi jí jūn bèi chēng wéi “ liǎng dì ”（ TwoLands）。
fǎ lǎo jiàn lì guó jiā de xíng zhèng jí wěi rèn wáng shì zhèng fǔ guān yuán。
zhōng yāng zhèng fǔ de jiàn zhù shì diǎn xíng yǐ mù huò shā yán jiàn zào de kāi fàng shì shén miào。
āi jí de guó jiā zǔ chéng jī běn shàng shì běn tǔ de，
shàng xià '
āi jí de rén mín de jiāo tán hěn kě néng shǐ yòng gòng tóng yǔ，
jí '
āi jí yǔ，
ér gè dì zé yòu fāng yán，
cù chéng liǎo guó jiā de tǒng yī。
ér zuì zǎo qī de '
āi jí xiàng xíng wén zì yú zǎo wáng guó shí qī zhī qián chū xiàn，
jìn guǎn wǒ men wú fǎ tòu guò nà shí de wén zì què dìng qí kǒu yǔ。
gēn jù màn niè tuō，
dì yī wèi '
āi jí de jūn zhù wéi měi ní sī。
dàn shì，
zuì zǎo qī yòu jì lù de dì yī wáng cháo jūn zhù shì hé '
ěr -
ā hā，
yǐ jí dì yī wèi tǒng yī liǎng dì de jūn zhù nà '
ěr mài（
qián wáng cháo shí qī de zuì hòu yī wèi jūn zhù）
héng héng tā de míng zì kè yú yī kuài gǔ '
āi jí rén yòng zuò huà yǎn xiàn de mó bǎn shàng，
ér hòu shì chēng zhè kuài mó bǎn wéi nà '
ěr mài shí bǎn。
nóng mín de sāngzàng yí shì yǔ qián wáng cháo shí qī xiāng tóng，
dàn fù yòu rén jiā zé yào qiú gèng duō。
yīn cǐ，
āi jí rén kāi shǐ xīng jiàn mǎ sī tǎ bā，
chéng wéi liǎo gǔ wáng guó shí qī rú jiē tī jīn zì tǎ de qián shēn。
gǔ lèi nóng yè jí zhōng yāng huà lìng '
āi jí zài jiē xià lái de 800
nián dū dé dào xīng shèng de fā zhǎn。
The Archaic or Early Dynastic Period of Egypt immediately follows the unification of Lower and Upper Egypt c. 3100 BC. It is generally taken to include the First and Second Dynasties, lasting from the Protodynastic Period of Egypt until 2686 BC, or the beginning of the Old Kingdom. With the First Dynasty, the capital moved from Abydos to Memphis where an Egyptian god-king ruled a now unified polity that extended from the Nile Delta to the first cataract at Aswan. Abydos remained the major holy land in the south. The distinctive hallmarks of ancient Egyptian civilization, such as art, architecture and many aspects of religion, took shape during the Early Dynastic period.
Before the unification of Egypt, the land was settled with autonomous villages. With the early dynasties, and for much of Egypt's history thereafter, the country came to be known as the Two Lands. The rulers established a national administration and appointed royal governors. The buildings of the central government were typically open-air temples constructed of wood or sandstone. State formation in Egypt was primarily indigenous in character, and it is likely that a common language, namely Egyptian, was spoken in Upper and Lower Egypt in variant dialects, which facilitated the unification. The earliest hieroglyphs appear just before this period, though nothing is certain about the spoken language represented by the writing at the time.
According to Manetho, the first king was Menes. However, the earliest recorded king of the First Dynasty was Hor-Aha, and the first king to claim to have united the two lands was Narmer (the final king of the Protodynastic Period). His name is known because it is written on a votive palette used for grinding minerals for kohl, used by ancient Egyptians to outline the eyes. Funeral practices for the peasants would have been the same as in predynastic times, but the rich demanded something more. Thus, the Egyptians began construction of the mastabas which became models for the later Old Kingdom constructions such as the Step pyramid. Cereal agriculture and centralization contributed to the success of the state for the next 800 years.
It has also so been interpreted that King Menes and the whole traditional story of an Egypt unified under a single conquering ruler, who led his armies and conquered lower Egypt to establish the first dynasty in the lower Egyptian city of Memphis, is just mythology as are the twin kingdoms story. It seems certain that Egypt became unified as a cultural and economic domain long before its first king ascended to the throne in the lower Egyptian city of Memphis where the dynastic period did originate. Political unification proceeded gradually, perhaps over a period of a century or so as local districts established trading networks and the ability of their governments to organize agriculture labor on a larger scale increased, divine kingship may also have gained spiritual momentum as the cults of gods like Horus, Seth and Neith associated with living representatives became wide spread in the country.