shǐ qián 'ōu zhōu Prehistoric Europe    dài zhì German Early History   zhōng shì de zhì Medieval Germany    zhì mín guó jiā de jiàn Building of Germany    zhì guó shí German Reich   èr zhàn hòu guó Post-war Germany since 1945   dōng East Germany    zhì lián bāng gòng guó Federal Republic of Germany   

guójūnjìniánxìngmíngkāiduānniánfènzhōngjiéniánfènyánxùshíjiàn
wēi lián · wēi lián · Wilhelm Pieck1934nián1950nián17nián
'ěr · 'ěr · Walter Ulbricht1950nián1971nián22nián
āi · áng āi · áng Erich Honecker1971nián1989nián19nián
āi gòng · lún āi gòng · lún Egon Krenz1989nián1989nián1nián

   zhì mín zhù gòng guó : DeutscheDemokratischeRepublik, cháng jiǎn xiě wéi DDR), jiǎn chēng dōng huò mín zhù guóshì 1949 nián dào 1990 nián zhī jiāncéng cún zài jīn guó dōng de gòng chǎn zhù guó jiā
  
   lǐng fàn wéi
  
   dōng de lǐng fàn wéibāo hán liǎo jīn guó jìng nèi méi lún bǎo - qián měi ( Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)、 lán dēng bǎo( Brandenburg)、 sēn( Sachsen)、 sēn - ān 'ěr ( Sachsen-Anhalt) lín gēn( Thüringen) děng bāngzhōu), zài jiā shàng bólín de dōng bàn
   shǐ
  
   'èr shì jiè zhàn cuì guó zhàn bàigēn tǎn huì ( PotsdamConference) zhōng yīngměi guó de xié jué dìng zài guó zhàn bài hòu jiāng fēn wéi fēn bié yóu zhàn shèng guó zhàn lǐngbìng zuì gāo guǎn dān wèi méng guó guǎn zhì shì huì( AlliedControlCouncil, ACC) lái zhì guó shì yóu niàn shàng de chā zài zhàn hòu měi guó wéi zhù de fāng zhèn yíng lián wéi zhù de gòng chǎn zhèn yíng zhú jiàn shū yuǎn, 1948 nián 3 yuè shíměiyīng sān guó zài lún dūn xíng huì chū jué yào jiāng sān guó suǒ fēn bié guǎn de guó lǐng bìng chéng guó de zhèng quánzhēn duì zhè diǎn lián fāng miàn zuò chū fǎn zhìshǒu xiān shì tuì chū ACC, jìn 'ér xuān zhuóshǒu shè dōng zhèng quán de jìhuà
  
   dàn zhí jiē dǎo zhì dōng fēn de dǎo huǒ xiàn shì shēng zài 1948 nián 6 yuè 20 fāng zhàn lǐng jìng nèi de huò zhòng zhěng jìhuàdāng shí fāng sān guó zhàn lǐng nèi yuán běn fēn bié xíng de huò jìn xíng liǎo zhěng què pái chú lián zhàn lǐng xíng liǎo ér lián zhàn lǐng zài duǎn duǎn sān hòu xíng liǎo dōng yǎn rán xiàng zhēng dōng zhèng shì fēn dōng fēn hòudōng fāng miàn céng zài 1948 nián zhōng kāi shǐduì shǐ yòng de bǎi lín jìn xíng fēng suǒwéi 11 yuè wàng tòu guò dào wán quán kòng zhì zhěng bólín de mùdìdàn zài fāng guó jiā chí kōng yùn fāng shì jìn xíng de bólín kōng yùn zhī zhī yuán xià méi yòu shí xiànzài bólín fēng suǒ jiě chú( 1949 nián 5 yuè 12 hòu méi duō jiǔ de 5 yuè 23 zhì lián bāng gòng guóxuān zhèng shì chéng ér dōng fāng miàn zài tóng nián 10 yuè 7 xuān zhèng shì chéng zhì shè huì zhù tǒng dǎng( SozialistischeEinheitsparteiDeutschlands, SED) dǎng zhuān zhèng de shè huì zhù gòng zhèng
  
   xiāng duì yīng měi zhàn lǐng suǒ chéng de jiā liǎo měi guó wéi shǒu de běi yáng gōng yuē zhìdōng jiā lián wéi shǒu de shè huì zhù zhèn yíng zhì héng héng huá shā tiáo yuē zhì。 1990 nián hòu suí zhe bólín qiáng de dǎo liǎng chóngxīn zǒu xiàng tǒng zhì lián bāng gòng guó( BundesrepublikDeutschland, BRD) wéi cún dān wèidōng suì chéng wéi zài cún zài de guó jiā
   dōng bólín wèn
  
  1945 nián cuì guó tóu jiàng hòugēn 'èr zhàn shí méng guó de yòu guān xié dìngbólín bèi měi yīng guó fēn zhàn lǐngdōng bólín wéi lián zhàn lǐng bǎi lín wéi měi yīng gòng tóng zhàn lǐng。 1948 niándōng bólín zhèng shì fēn liè。 1948 nián 6 yuè zhì 1949 nián 5 yuè lián cóng shuǐ liǎng fēng suǒ bǎi línhòu jiě chú fēng suǒ。 1949 nián zhì mín zhù gòng guó chéng dōng bólín chéng wéi mín zhù guó de shǒu dàn bǎi lín shí shàng rán wéi měi yīng sān guó gòng tóng kòng zhìsuī rán lián bāng guó běn bǎi lín xiàn guī dìng bólín shǔ lián bāng guó de zhōudàn shì fāng sān guó rèn wéi gāi guī dìng tóng bólín de xiàn shí wèi xuān gāi tiáo kuǎn zàn shēng xiàodàn rèn wéi bǎi lín lián bāng guó jiān yòu zhe shū guān tóng bólín zài jīng cái zhènghuò shè huì zhì fāng miàn tóng lián bāng guó huà。 1961 niánwéi dōng rén qiān wǎng dōng zhèng zài dōng bólín de xiū jiàn liǎo wén míng de bólín qiángzhí zhì bólín qiáng dǎo dōng bìng dào
   liǎng tǒng
  
  1989 nián 8 yuèxiōng de zhèng gǎi liǎo lǒngzhào 'ōu zhōu 44 nián zhī jiǔ detiě ”; tóng nián jiǔ yuè, 1300 duō dōng rén tōng guò xiōng jìn dào liǎo jìng nèi tóng shíyào qiú mín zhù gǎi de guī shì wēi yóu xíng zài dōng de duō chéng shì xiāng bào jìn guǎn wèile gǒng tǒng zhì guó tǒng shè huì dǎng zài dāng nián shí yuè de dōng bólín jìn xíng liǎo shēng shì xiǎo de yuè bīngdàn dōng shǒu bólín réng rán bào lián sān yào qiú zhèng zhì gǎi de guī qún zhòng shì wēi yóu xíng hòu wèile píng yóu xíng guó tǒng shè huì dǎng miǎn liǎo 'áng nèi de dǎng lǐng dǎo rén zhí
  
   tóng nián 11 yuè 9 bólín qiáng dǎo suí hòu tiān liàng dōng rén tōng guò bólín qiáng qīng jìn liǎo jìng nèishí 'èr yuè dōng huì fèi chú xiàn guó tǒng shè huì dǎng de lǐng dǎo wèiliǎng tiān hòutǒng shè huì dǎng zǒng shū dōng huìdōng zhōng yāng wěi yuán huì xuān zhí
  
   jìn guǎn duō dōng rén xiǎng zài dōng lǐng shàng jiàn fēi shè huì zhù de guó jiādàn zhè zhǒng xiǎng hěn kuài bèi liǎng tǒng de shēng làng suǒ yānmò měi guó lián guó yīng guó jiǎn duǎn de xié shāng hòuliǎng chóngxīn tǒng de jué dìng bèi rèn 。 1990 nián 10 yuè 3 mín zhù guódōng lián bāng guó de fēn de shēn fèn jiā 'ōu méngliǎng zhèng shì tǒng
   jīng
  
   xiàng dōng 'ōu de shè huì zhù guó jiā yàngdōng shí xíng jìhuà jīng ( CPE), gēn qián lián xiāng shí xíng shì chǎng jīng huò hùn jīng de duō shù fāng guó jiā xíng chéng xiān míng duì guó jiā jiàn quán miàn de shēng chǎn jìhuàshēng chǎn biāojià bìng gēn jìhuà tiáobō yuánshēng chǎn fāng shì jīhū wán quán yóu guó jiā suǒ yōng yòu zài 1985 niánguó yíng huò shēng chǎn suǒ chǎn zhí zhàn guó mín jìng shōu de 96.7%。 mín 'àn zhào dìng de jià gòu mǎi chǎn pǐnyóu guó jiā gōng 80% de běn gōng yìng fèi yòngcóng shí pǐn dào zhù fáng jià jūn dìng
  
   guó tǒng shè huì dǎng( SozialistischeEinheitsparteiDeutschlands, SED) guǎn kòng zhì guó jiā de jīng shè huì de fāng miànyōng yòu zuì gāo de lǐng dǎo wèizài cǎi zǒng shū de bào gào bìng zhì dìng liǎo wèi lái de nián jìhuàcǎo gǎohòu guó tǒng shè huì dǎng kāi shǐ zài guó huì zhèng shì xíng shǐ de lǐng dǎo juésè
  
   dōng cún zài shǎo liàng yíng méndàn bìng fēi háo 。 1985 niányuē 2.8% de guó mín shēng chǎn zǒng zhí lái rén yíng mén bāo kuò yòu nóng huā jiàng gōng jiàng shāng fàn shāng děng jīng shòu yóu zhí zhě”( shù jiāzuò jiā děngde guǎn suī rán shì jīng yíngdàn bèi zhèng yán tiáokòng。 1985 nián zài yíng jīng zhōng jīng suǒ zhàn yòu liǎo shǎo liàng zēng jiāgēn yuán dōng tǒng yòu zhù de shù cóng 1984 nián de yuē 500 rén zēng jiā dào 1985 nián de yuē 176,800 rénmǒu xiē yíng mén de yùn zuò duì guó tǒng shè huì dǎng zhěng shè huì yòu xiāng dāng zhòng yào de yǐng xiǎng yòu jīng gāo yòu jīng de zhù dòng xìng chéng wéi guó jiā yòng lái gǎi shàn rén mín shēng huó shuǐ píng jìn jīng zhǎn de fāng xiàng


  The German Democratic Republic (GDR; German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR; more commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Communist state that originated from the Soviet Zone of occupied Germany and the Soviet sector of occupied Berlin. The German Democratic Republic existed from 7 October 1949 until 3 October 1990, when its re-established states acceded to the adjacent Federal Republic of Germany, thus producing the current form of Germany. During its existence, the GDR was a member of the Eastern Bloc of eastern European nations that were aligned with the Soviet Union (USSR).
  
  In 1955, the USSR declared that the GDR was fully sovereign. However, Soviet occupation troops remained in East German territory, based on the four-power Potsdam Agreement, while American, British, Canadian, and French forces remained in the Federal Republic of Germany in the West. Berlin, completely surrounded by East German territory, was similarly divided with British, French and U.S. garrisons in West Berlin and Soviet forces in East Berlin. Berlin in particular became the focal point of Cold War tensions. East Germany was a member of the Warsaw Pact and a close ally of the USSR.
  
  Following the initial opening of sections of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989, new elections were held on 18 March 1990, and the governing party, the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, lost its majority in the Volkskammer (the East German parliament) soon after. On 23 August 1990, the Volkskammer recreated the five pre-war states (which had been dissolved in 1952), which would later join the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990. As a result of reunification on that date, the German Democratic Republic ceased to exist.

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