中王國時期是古埃及歷史上的一個時期，包括第十一和十二王朝，通常劃定在前2133－1786年，但嚴格地說，應該從第十一王朝的孟圖霍特普二世時代（約前2060－2010年）開始。孟圖霍特普二世在他統治的第三十九年（約前2022年），把他的荷魯斯式改為"斯瑪托威"，意為"兩地的統一者"。
The Middle Kingdom is the period in the history of ancient Egypt stretching from the establishment of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Fourteenth Dynasty, between 2050 BC and 1652 BC.
The period comprises two phases, the 11th Dynasty, which ruled from Thebes and the 12th Dynasty onwards which was centred around el-Lisht. These two dynasties were originally considered to be the full extent of this unified kingdom, but historians now consider the 13th Dynasty to at least partially belong to the Middle Kingdom.