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埃塞俄比亚 Ethiopia 埃及 Egypt 突尼斯 Tunisia 阿尔及利亚 Algeria 尼日利亚 Nigeria 塞内加尔 Senegal 南非 South Africa 安哥拉 Angola 贝宁 Benin 布基纳法索 Burkina Faso 布隆迪 Republic of Burundi 博茨瓦纳 Republic of Botswana 赤道几内亚 Equatorial Guinea 多哥 Togo 厄立特里亚 Eritrea 佛得角 Republic of Cape Verde 冈比亚 Gambia 刚果 Republic of the Congo 刚果民主共和国 Democratic Republic of Congo 吉布提 Djibouti 几内亚 Guinea 几内亚比绍 Guinea-Bissau 加纳 Republic of Ghana 加蓬 Gabon 津巴布韦 Zimbabwe 喀麦隆 Republic of Cameroon 科摩罗 Comoros 科特迪瓦 Ivory Coast 肯尼亚 Republic of Kenya 莱索托 Kingdom of Lesotho 利比亚 Libya 利比里亚 Republic of Liberia 卢旺达 Republic of Rwanda 马达加斯加 Madagascar 马拉维 Malawi 马里 Republic of Mali 毛里塔尼亚 Mauritania 毛里求斯 Republic of Mauritius 摩洛哥 Kingdom of Morocco 莫桑比克 the Republic of Mozambique 纳米比亚 The Republic of Namibia 尼日尔 Niger 塞拉利昂 the Republic of Sierra Leone 塞舌尔 Seychelles 斯威士兰 Swaziland 苏丹 Sudan 索马里 Somalia 圣多美和普林西比 Sao Tome and Principe 坦桑尼亚 Tanzania 乌干达 The Republic of Uganda 赞比亚 The Republic of Zambia 乍得 the Republic of Chad 中非共和国 The Central African Republic |
| sài lā lì 'áng the Republic of Sierra Leone shǒudōu:fú lǐ dūn guógūdàimǎ: sl |
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sài lā lì 'áng gòng hé guó（ RepublicofSierraLeone）， wèi yú xī fēi dà xī yáng 'àn， běi bù jí dōng bù bèi jǐ nèi yà bāo wéi、 dōng nán yǔ lì bǐ lǐ yà jiē rǎng， shǒu dū fú lǐ dūn。 tái wān yì wéi shī zǐ shān gòng hé guó， zhōng guó dà lù hé xiāng gǎng yì wéi sài lā lì 'áng gòng hé guó。
lì shǐ 1462 nián pú táo yá tàn xiǎn jiā shǒu xiān tà zú cǐ dì， bìng mìng míng wéi “ SierraLeone ”， yì sī jiù shì“ shī zǐ shān”（ yǔ xiāng gǎng de shī zǐ shān méi yòu guān xì）。 qí hòu， běn dì yī zhí dōushì 'ōu zhōu nú lì de gōng yìng lái yuán dì。 1787 nián， zài fèi nú zhù yì zhě de yā lì xià， yú xiàn zài shǒu dū fú lǐ dūn jiàn shì， yǐ gōng yuán lái zhǔn bèi fàn mài wǎng lún dūn gōng zuò de nú lì shēng huó。 1808 nián， sài lā lì 'áng chéng wéi liǎo yīng guó de zhí mín dì， zhí dào 20 shì jì zhōng qī yīng guó de qù zhí mín huà yùn dòng kāi shǐ wéi zhǐ。 1961 nián 4 yuè 27 rì， sài lā lì 'áng xuān gào dú lì， dàn réng rán fèng yīng nǚ huáng wèiguó jiā yuán shǒu。 shǒu wèi shǒuxiàng yóu mǐ 'ěr dùn · mǎ 'ěr gài（ MiltonMargai） jué shì chū rèn。 dú lì hòu de sài lā lì 'áng yī zhí yóu yī dǎng zhuān zhèng， zhí dào 1991 nián nèi zhàn bào fā。 fú dài · sāng kē（ FodaySankoh） lǐng dǎo dídí gé mìng lián hé zhèn xiàn（ RevolutionaryUnitedFront， RUF） fǎn kàng zhèng fǔ yī dǎng zhuān zhèng de tǒng zhì， nèi zhàn zào chéng shù yǐ wàn jì de rén mín sǐ wáng jí chāo guò 'èr bǎi wàn rén（ xiāng dāng yú chāo guò sān fēn yī guó mín rén kǒu） liú lí shī suǒ， zhè xiē shī qù jiā yuán de rén mín biàn chéng liǎo lín guó de nànmín。 1997 nián 5 yuè 25 rì fā shēng de yī cì zhèng biàn zhōng， dāng shí de zǒng tǒng 'ài hā mài dé · tài zhān · kǎ bā bèi jūn duì shàoxiào yuē hàn ní · bǎo luó · kē luó mǎ suǒ qǔ tì， dàn hòu lái kǎ bā zǒng tǒng zài cì fù zhí。 2007 nián 8 yuè 11 rì， zǒng tǒng hé yì huì xuǎn jǔ。 āi nèi sī tè · bā yī · kē luó mǎ hé suǒ luó mén · bèi léi wǎ jìn rù zǒng tǒng xuǎn jǔ dì 'èr lún tóu piào。 9 yuè 8 rì， zǒng tǒng xuǎn jǔ dì 'èr lún tóu piào。 kē luó mǎ dāng xuǎn zǒng tǒng。 chéng shì fú lǐ dūn（ Freetown） kǎo dù（ Koidu） rén kǒu sài lā lì 'áng guó nèi gòng yòu 18 gè zhǒng zú， qí zhōng rén kǒu zuì duō de shì màn dé zú（ Mende） jí tán mǔ 'ēn zú（ Temne）， liǎng zú yuē zhàn quán guó 60% rén kǒu。 màn dé zú zhù yào jū zhù yú nán bù dì qū， ér tán mǔ 'ēn zú zé jù jí yú běi bù dì qū。 sài lā lì 'áng yuē yòu 60% de rén mín xìn yǎng yī sī lán jiào， 10% xìn yǎng jī dū jiào， 30% xìn yǎng chuán tǒng zōng jiào huò qí tā zōng jiào。 sài lā lì 'áng zhèng fǔ fèng xíng zōng jiào zì yóu zhèng cè， gè zōng jiào jiān yīn 'ér néng gòu hé píng gòng chù， wèi rú lín jìn gè guó bān shí cháng chū xiàn zōng jiào chōng tū。 jīng jì sài lā lì 'áng rén mín zhì jīn réng rán shì guò zhù nú lì shēng huó， ér qiě sài lā lì 'áng shì quán shì jiè zuì pín qióng de guó jiā zhī yī， wú lùn shì gòu mǎi néng lì、 jiàn kāng cháng shòu huò shì jiào yù huò dé dōushì shì jiè dàoshǔ dì yī， jiàn shè gèng shì yán zhòng bù zú。 yóu yú kuàng chǎn fēng fù， sài lā lì 'áng guó de jīng jì zhù yào shì yǐ lài kuàng yè， yóu qí zuàn kuàng yè zhàn liǎo hěn dà fènliàng。 qí zhōng zuì wéi shì rén suǒ zhī de shì cóng sài lā lì 'áng guó kāi cǎi de xuè zuàn shí yǐ gāo jià shòu chū。 zài 1970 yǐ jí 1980 nián dài de zǎo qī， yóu yú kuàng yè zhōng xīn chéng shì de shuāi luò yǐ jí zhèng fǔ de rì yì zēng jiā de tān wū， zào chéng jīng jì chéngzhǎng shuài huǎn màn。 dào liǎo 1990 nián dài， jīng jì huó dòng gèng jiā shuāi luò， jīng jì jié gòu yǔ shuǐ píng yě tuì bù gèng duō。 zài zhè shí jǐ nián zhī zhōng dà bù fēn de jīng jì huó dòng dū yīn nèi zhàn 'ér bēng kuì。 zài 2002 nián yuán yuè zhàn zhēng dào dá wěi shēng， dà liàng de wài guó yuán zhù yǒng rù bāng zhù sài lā lì 'áng guó de chóngjiàn。 ér zuì zhù yào néng shǐ sài lā lì 'áng guó jīng jì chóngxīn fù sū de guān jiàn jiāng shì wèi lái zhèng fǔ néng fǒu yòu xiào dì jiǎn shǎo tān fǔ， yóu qí dà duō shù réndōu rèn wéi nèi zhàn shì yīn lǐng dǎo zhě 'ér qǐ de。 zhèng fǔ néng fǒu chéng gōng dì guǎn lǐ zuàn kuàng zhōng xīn， duì yú jīng jì fā zhǎn shí fēn zhòng yào。 Freetown is the capital, seat of government, and largest city. Bo is the second largest city. Other major cities in the country with a population over 100,000 are Kenema, Koidu Town and Makeni. The country is home to Fourah Bay College, the oldest university in West Africa, established in 1827. The Njala University in the country's second largest city of Bo is the other major university in the country. Sierra Leone is home to the third largest natural harbours in the world, the Queen Elizabeth II Quay (also known as the QE II Quay and locally as the Deep Water Quay or Government Warf). English is the official language of Sierra Leone spoken at schools, government administration and by the media. The Krio language (a language derived from English and several African languages and native to the Sierra Leone Krio people) is the national language of Sierra Leone and is the most widely spoken language in virtually all parts of Sierra Leone. The Krio language is spoken by at least 95% of Sierra Leone's population and unites all the different ethnic groups, especially in their trade and interaction with each other .. In December 2002, Sierra Leone’s President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah named Bengali as an "official language" in recognition of the work of 5,300 troops from Bangladesh in the peace-keeping force. Sierra Leone is officially home to fifteen ethnic groups, each with its own language and costume; however, the two largest and most dominant are the Mende and Temne, each comprises 30% of the population. The Mende are predominantly found in South-eastern Sierra Leone and the Temne predominate in Northern Sierra Leone. The two ethnic groups are major rivals, particularly in politics. Early inhabitants of Sierra Leone included the Sherbro, Temne and Limba, and Tyra [disambiguation needed] peoples, and later the Mende, who knew the country as Romarong, and the Kono who settled in the East of the country. In 1462, it was visited by the Portuguese explorer Pedro da Cintra, who gave it its name Serra de Leão, meaning 'Lion Mountains'. Sierra Leone became an important centre of the transatlantic trade in slaves until 1792 when Freetown was founded by the Sierra Leone Company as a home for formerly enslaved African Americans. In 1808, Freetown became a British Crown Colony, and in 1896, the interior of the country became a British Protectorate; in 1961, the two combined and gained independence. Over two decades of government neglect of the interior followed by the spilling over of the Liberian conflict into its borders eventually led to the Sierra Leone Civil War, which began in 1991 and was resolved in 2000 after the United Nations led by Nigeria defeated the rebel forces and restored the civilian government elected in 1998 to Freetown. Since then, almost 72,500 former combatants have been disarmed and the country has reestablished a functioning democracy. The Special Court for Sierra Leone was set up in 2002 to deal with war crimes and crimes against humanity committed since 1996. Sierra Leone is the second lowest ranked country on the Human Development Index and seventh lowest on the Human Poverty Index, suffering from endemic corruption and suppression of the press. |
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