fēi zhōu:   
埃塞俄比亚 Ethiopia   埃及 Egypt   突尼斯 Tunisia   阿尔及利亚 Algeria   尼日利亚 Nigeria   塞内加尔 Senegal   南非 South Africa   安哥拉 Angola   贝宁 Benin   布基纳法索 Burkina Faso   布隆迪 Republic of Burundi   博茨瓦纳 Republic of Botswana   赤道几内亚 Equatorial Guinea   多哥 Togo   厄立特里亚 Eritrea   佛得角 Republic of Cape Verde   冈比亚 Gambia   刚果 Republic of the Congo   刚果民主共和国 Democratic Republic of Congo   吉布提 Djibouti   几内亚 Guinea   几内亚比绍 Guinea-Bissau   加纳 Republic of Ghana   加蓬 Gabon   津巴布韦 Zimbabwe   喀麦隆 Republic of Cameroon   科摩罗 Comoros   科特迪瓦 Ivory Coast   肯尼亚 Republic of Kenya   莱索托 Kingdom of Lesotho   利比亚 Libya   利比里亚 Republic of Liberia   卢旺达 Republic of Rwanda   马达加斯加 Madagascar   马拉维 Malawi   马里 Republic of Mali   毛里塔尼亚 Mauritania   毛里求斯 Republic of Mauritius   摩洛哥 Kingdom of Morocco   莫桑比克 the Republic of Mozambique   纳米比亚 The Republic of Namibia   尼日尔 Niger   塞拉利昂 the Republic of Sierra Leone   塞舌尔 Seychelles   斯威士兰 Swaziland   苏丹 Sudan   索马里 Somalia   圣多美和普林西比 Sao Tome and Principe   坦桑尼亚 Tanzania   乌干达 The Republic of Uganda   赞比亚 The Republic of Zambia   乍得 the Republic of Chad   中非共和国 The Central African Republic   
è lì tè lǐ yà Eritrea   shǒudōu:ā sī mǎ lā  guógūdàimǎ: er   
  cháozhèng
　　shì yī gè wèi yú fēi zhōu dōng běi bù de guó jiā， bīn lín hóng hǎi， miàn jī 12.5 wàn píng fāng qiān mǐ， rén kǒu yuē 440 wàn rén（ 2005 nián）， shǒu dū wéi 'ā sī mǎ lā， mín zú yǐ tí gé léi zú、 ā 'ěr fǎ zú děng wéi zhù。 huò bì tōng yòng nà kè fǎ。
　　
　　 lì shǐ
　　
　　 è lì tè lǐ yà yuán wéi 'āi sài 'é bǐ yà suǒ jiàn lì de tún kěn qū， 1890 nián wéi yì dà lì suǒ zhàn lǐng， bìng chéng wéi yì dà lì de zhí mín dì， dì 'èr cì shì jiè dà zhàn hòu zài lián hé guó de tóng yì zhī xià， yǔ 'āi sài 'é bǐ yà gòng tóng zǔ chéng lián bāng。 1962 nián zāo 'āi sài 'é bǐ yà jiān bìng， chéng wéi gāi guó dì 14 shěng。
　　
　　 “ è lì tè lǐ yà jiě fàng zhèn xiàn ” zài 1960 nián dài chéng lì， yǐ wǔ lì zhēng qǔ 'è lì tè lǐ yà tuō lí 'āi sài 'é bǐ yà。“ è lì tè lǐ yà rén mín jiě fàng zhèn xiàn” zài 1970 nián dài zì“ è lì tè lǐ yà jiě fàng zhèn xiàn” fēn liè chū lái， zhú jiàn qǔ dài hòu zhě chéng wéi 'āi sài 'é bǐ yà jìng nèi de zhù yào 'è lì tè lǐ yà pàn jūn。 āi sài 'é bǐ yà gòng chǎn zhèng quán zài 1991 nián bèi pàn jūn tuī fān hòu， xīn zhèng fǔ tóng yì zài 'è lì tè lǐ yà jǔ xíng gōng mín tóu piào， yǐ jué dìng gāi dì qū shì fǒu tuō lí 'āi sài 'é bǐ yà。 1993 nián 4 yuè zhōng yú zài lián hé guó de wò xuán yǔ jiān dū zhī xià jǔ xíng liǎo gōng mín tóu piào， jiēguǒ yǐ 99.8% zàn chéng tōng guò tuō lí 'āi sài 'é bǐ yà， bìng yú tóng nián 5 yuè 24 rì xuān bù dú lì。
　　
　　 xíng zhèng qū huá
　　
　　 quán guó huàfēn wéi 6 gè shěng。 shǒu dū 'ā sī mǎ lā。
　　
　　*1 zhōng bù qū（ Central）
　　*2 nán bù qū（ Southern）
　　*3 jiā shí - bā 'ěr kǎ qū（ Gash-Barka）
　　*4 ān sài bā qū（ Anseba）
　　*5 běi hóng hǎi qū（ NorthRedSea）
　　*6 nán hóng hǎi qū（ SouthRedSea）
　　
　　 rén kǒu
　　
　　372 wàn， yòu 9 gè mín zú。
　　 yǔ yán
　　
　　 xiàn shí yòu duō zhǒng yǔ yán zài 'è lì tè lǐ yà bèi shǐ yòng， dà bù fèn lái zì shǎn mǐ tè yǔ zú jí kù xī tè yǔ zú。 zài 'è lì tè lǐ yà bèi shǐ yòng de shǎn yǔ zú yǔ yán yòu 'ā lā bó yǔ、 tí gé léi yǔ、 tí gé lǐ ní yà yǔ jí zuì jìn bèi què rèn de dá lì kè yǔ (Dahlik)， gāi guó yòu chāo guò bā chéng rén kǒu yǐ zhè xiē yǔ yán（ zhù yào shì tí gé léi yǔ jí tí gé lǐ ní yà yǔ） wéi dì yī yǔ yán。 yīng yǔ jí yì dà lì yǔ yě yòu yī xiē rén shǐ yòng。
　　
　　 gōng shì shàng zhù yào shǐ yòng tí gé léi yǔ jí 'ā lā bó yǔ。 tí gé léi yǔ kě yòng jí cí zì mǔ pīn xiě。
　　 jīng jì
　　
　　 hé dà duō shù fēi zhōu guó jiā yī yàng， guó jiā de zhù yào jīng jì lái yuán yǐ kào nóng yè。 yuē 80 ％ de rén kǒu cóng shì nóng yè jí xiāng guān gōng zuò。 jué dà duō shù qíng kuàng yě shì zuì zhù yào de yǐng xiǎng nóng yè de zì rán zāi hài shì hàn zāi。
　　
　　 zài 2008 nián 5 yuè 6 rì， è lì tè lǐ yà shì shì jiè shàng qì yóu jià gé zuì guì de dì fāng。 yuē měi jiā lún 9.58 měi yuán， bǐ shì jiè dì 'èr guì de dì fāng －－ nuó wēi， guì chū 85 měi fēn。


　　Eritrea (pronounced /ˌɛrɪˈtreɪə/,/ˌɛrɪˈtriːə/) (Ge'ez: ኤርትራ ʾErtrā, Arabic: إرتريا Iritriya), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The east and northeast of the country have an extensive coastline on the Red Sea, directly across from Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands are part of Eritrea. Its size is just under 118,000 km2 (45,560 sq mi) with an estimated population of 5 million. The capital is Asmara.
　　
　　The history of the land that is now called Eritrea, in one way or another, is associated with its coastline on the Red Sea, which extends more than 1000 km. From across the seas came various invaders (and colonizers) such as the South Arabians hailing from the present-day Yemen area, the Ottoman Turks, the Portugese from Goa (India), the Egyptians, the British and, in the 19th century, the Italians. Over the centuries, invaders also came from the neighboring countries of Africa to the south (Ethiopia) and to the west (Sudan). However, present-day Eritrea was largely impacted by the Italian invaders in the 19th century. In the period following the opening of the Suez canal in 1869, when European powers scrambled for territory in Africa and tried to establish refuling bases for their ships, Italy invaded and occupied Eritrea. On January 1, 1890 Eritrea offically became a colony of Italy. In 1936 it became a province of Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana), along with Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland. The British armed forces expelled those of Italy in 1941 and took over the administration of the country which had been set up by the Italians. The British continued to administer the territory under a UN Mandate until 1951 when Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia as per UN resolution 390(A) under the prompting of the United States adopted in December 1950; the resolution was adopted after a referendum to consult the people of Eritrea.
　　
　　The strategic importance of Eritrea — because of its Red Sea coastline and mineral resources — was the main cause for the federation with Ethiopia, which was the first step in the annexing of Eritrea as its 14th province in 1962, even though many nations favored independence. This was the culmination of a gradual process of takeover by the Ethiopian authorities, a process which included a 1959 edict establishing the compulsory teaching of Amharic, the main language of Ethiopia, in all Eritrean schools. The lack of regard for the Eritrean population led to the formation of an independence movement in the early 1960s, which erupted into a 30-year war against successive Ethiopian governments that ended in 1991. Following a UN-supervised referendum in Eritrea (dubbed UNOVER) in which the Eritrean people overwhelmingly voted for independence, Eritrea declared its independence and gained international recognition in 1993.
　　
　　English is used in the government's international communication and is the language of instruction in all formal education beyond the fifth grade.
　　
　　Eritrea is a single-party state. Though its constitution, adopted in 1997, stipulates that the state is a presidential republic with a unicameral parliamentary democracy, it has yet to be implemented. According to the government, this is due to the prevailing border conflict with Ethiopia, which began in May 1998.
 

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