厄立特里亚

非洲:

埃塞俄比亚 Ethiopia 埃及 Egypt 突尼斯 Tunisia 阿尔及利亚 Algeria 尼日利亚 Nigeria 塞内加尔 Senegal 南非 South Africa 安哥拉 Angola 贝宁 Benin 布基纳法索 Burkina Faso 布隆迪 Republic of Burundi 博茨瓦纳 Republic of Botswana 赤道几内亚 Equatorial Guinea 多哥 Togo 厄立特里亚 Eritrea 佛得角 Republic of Cape Verde 冈比亚 Gambia 刚果 Republic of the Congo 刚果民主共和国 Democratic Republic of Congo 吉布提 Djibouti 几内亚 Guinea 几内亚比绍 Guinea-Bissau 加纳 Republic of Ghana 加蓬 Gabon 津巴布韦 Zimbabwe 喀麦隆 Republic of Cameroon 科摩罗 Comoros 科特迪瓦 Ivory Coast 肯尼亚 Republic of Kenya 莱索托 Kingdom of Lesotho 利比亚 Libya 利比里亚 Republic of Liberia 卢旺达 Republic of Rwanda 马达加斯加 Madagascar 马拉维 Malawi 马里 Republic of Mali 毛里塔尼亚 Mauritania 毛里求斯 Republic of Mauritius 摩洛哥 Kingdom of Morocco 莫桑比克 the Republic of Mozambique 纳米比亚 The Republic of Namibia 尼日尔 Niger 塞拉利昂 the Republic of Sierra Leone 塞舌尔 Seychelles 斯威士兰 Swaziland 苏丹 Sudan 索马里 Somalia 圣多美和普林西比 Sao Tome and Principe 坦桑尼亚 Tanzania 乌干达 The Republic of Uganda 赞比亚 The Republic of Zambia 乍得 the Republic of Chad 中非共和国 The Central African Republic

厄立特裏亞 Eritrea 首都:阿斯馬拉國家代碼: er

朝政

　　是一個位於非洲東北部的國傢，瀕臨紅海，面積12.5萬平方千米，人口約440萬人（2005年），首都為阿斯馬拉，民族以提格雷族、阿爾法族等為主。貨幣通用納剋法。
　　
　　歷史
　　
　　厄立特裏亞原為埃塞俄比亞所建立的屯墾區，1890年為意大利所占領，並成為意大利的殖民地，第二次世界大戰後在聯合國的同意之下，與埃塞俄比亞共同組成聯邦。1962年遭埃塞俄比亞兼併，成為該國第14省。
　　
　　“厄立特裏亞解放陣綫”在1960年代成立，以武力爭取厄立特裏亞脫離埃塞俄比亞。“厄立特裏亞人民解放陣綫”在1970年代自“厄立特裏亞解放陣綫”分裂出來，逐漸取代後者成為埃塞俄比亞境內的主要厄立特裏亞叛軍。埃塞俄比亞共産政權在1991年被叛軍推翻後，新政府同意在厄立特裏亞舉行公民投票，以决定該地區是否脫離埃塞俄比亞。1993年4月終於在聯合國的斡旋與監督之下舉行了公民投票，結果以99.8%贊成通過脫離埃塞俄比亞，並於同年5月24日宣佈獨立。
　　
　　行政區劃
　　
　　全國劃分為6個省。首都阿斯馬拉。
　　
　　 * 1 中部區（Central）
　　 * 2 南部區（Southern）
　　 * 3 加什-巴爾卡區（Gash-Barka）
　　 * 4 安塞巴區（Anseba）
　　 * 5 北紅海區（North Red Sea）
　　 * 6 南紅海區（South Red Sea）
　　
　　人口
　　
　　372萬，有9個民族。
　　語言
　　
　　現時有多種語言在厄立特裏亞被使用，大部份來自閃米特語族及庫希特語族。在厄立特裏亞被使用的閃語族語言有阿拉伯語、提格雷語、提格裏尼亞語及最近被確認的達立剋語(Dahlik)，該國有超過八成人口以這些語言（主要是提格雷語及提格裏尼亞語）為第一語言。英語及意大利語也有一些人使用。
　　
　　公事上主要使用提格雷語及阿拉伯語。提格雷語可用吉茲字母拼寫。
　　經濟
　　
　　和大多數非洲國傢一樣，國傢的主要經濟來源依靠農業。約80％的人口從事農業及相關工作。絶大多數情況也是最主要的影響農業的自然災害是旱災。
　　
　　在2008年5月6日，厄立特裏亞是世界上汽油價格最貴的地方。約每加侖9.58美元，比世界第二貴的地方－－挪威，貴出85美分。

　　Eritrea (pronounced /ˌɛrɪˈtreɪə/,/ˌɛrɪˈtriːə/) (Ge'ez: ኤርትራ ʾErtrā, Arabic: إرتريا Iritriya), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The east and northeast of the country have an extensive coastline on the Red Sea, directly across from Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands are part of Eritrea. Its size is just under 118,000 km2 (45,560 sq mi) with an estimated population of 5 million. The capital is Asmara.
　　
　　The history of the land that is now called Eritrea, in one way or another, is associated with its coastline on the Red Sea, which extends more than 1000 km. From across the seas came various invaders (and colonizers) such as the South Arabians hailing from the present-day Yemen area, the Ottoman Turks, the Portugese from Goa (India), the Egyptians, the British and, in the 19th century, the Italians. Over the centuries, invaders also came from the neighboring countries of Africa to the south (Ethiopia) and to the west (Sudan). However, present-day Eritrea was largely impacted by the Italian invaders in the 19th century. In the period following the opening of the Suez canal in 1869, when European powers scrambled for territory in Africa and tried to establish refuling bases for their ships, Italy invaded and occupied Eritrea. On January 1, 1890 Eritrea offically became a colony of Italy. In 1936 it became a province of Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana), along with Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland. The British armed forces expelled those of Italy in 1941 and took over the administration of the country which had been set up by the Italians. The British continued to administer the territory under a UN Mandate until 1951 when Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia as per UN resolution 390(A) under the prompting of the United States adopted in December 1950; the resolution was adopted after a referendum to consult the people of Eritrea.
　　
　　The strategic importance of Eritrea — because of its Red Sea coastline and mineral resources — was the main cause for the federation with Ethiopia, which was the first step in the annexing of Eritrea as its 14th province in 1962, even though many nations favored independence. This was the culmination of a gradual process of takeover by the Ethiopian authorities, a process which included a 1959 edict establishing the compulsory teaching of Amharic, the main language of Ethiopia, in all Eritrean schools. The lack of regard for the Eritrean population led to the formation of an independence movement in the early 1960s, which erupted into a 30-year war against successive Ethiopian governments that ended in 1991. Following a UN-supervised referendum in Eritrea (dubbed UNOVER) in which the Eritrean people overwhelmingly voted for independence, Eritrea declared its independence and gained international recognition in 1993.
　　
　　English is used in the government's international communication and is the language of instruction in all formal education beyond the fifth grade.
　　
　　Eritrea is a single-party state. Though its constitution, adopted in 1997, stipulates that the state is a presidential republic with a unicameral parliamentary democracy, it has yet to be implemented. According to the government, this is due to the prevailing border conflict with Ethiopia, which began in May 1998.

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