reportage
从新闻报道和纪实散文中生成并独立出来的一种新闻与文学结合的散文体裁，也是一种以文学手法及时反映和评论现实生活中的真人真事的新闻文体。速写、特写、文艺通讯的总称。作为一种介于通讯和小说之间的文体。它以叙事纪实为主体，以报告真相为己任，即要求作品中占主体的人与事必须真实，具有新闻性；又经过艺术加工，以形象反映生活，并饱含作家的思想倾向和情感态度，具备文学性。也就是三个征：新闻性、文学性和政治性。这种文体是近代新闻事业发达的产物，曾盛行于20世纪初期的苏联和欧美。在五四运动以后的中国，某些通讯、旅行记和叙事散文已具有报告文学的部分特性。但正式倡导和自觉创作报告文学，是从30年代初开始的，并与左翼文艺运动和外国报告文学的传入有关。第一部以报告文学名义出版的作品集是《上海事变与报告文学》（1932）。稍后有《活的记录》、《中国的一日》等专集和《包身工》(夏衍)、《1936年春在太原》（宋之的）等名篇。30 年代末期以后，中国报告文学获得很大发展 ，已成为一个独立的重要的文学品种。
什么叫报告文学?
报告文学是采取文学手段及时地反映真人真事的一种新闻文体。
19世纪的晚清，报纸登陆中国，散文与新闻相结合的产物枣报告文学才开始孕育。鸦片战争之后，出现了第一批初具报告文学雏形的作品，但只是到了梁启超的《戊戌政变记》才明显具备了报告文学的基本特征。梁启超之后，报告文学作品慢慢多了起来。
“五四”运动为中国的思想、文化带来深刻的变革，报告文学在题材和思想内容上取得了巨大突破。冰心、瞿秋白、梁启超、鲁迅、柔石、谢冰莹和文学研究会的诸作家都积极写作报告文学。除坚持一贯的爱国主义精神的宣扬外，同情人民生活疾苦、揭露帝国主义和封建军阀罪恶、寻求中国出路、赞扬苏俄革命、表现北伐革命等思想内容更多地表现在他们的作品中。作者们多以亲身经历的事件为素材，作品的抒情性大为增强。到这时，作者们尚没有文体的自觉性，“报告文学”这一名词直到1930年才正式被引进。
著名的报告文学作品有《绞刑架下的报告》、《包身工》等。
报告文学是一种在真人真事基础上塑造艺术形象，以文学手段及时反映现实生活的文学体裁。
它的基本特征是：1.及时性2.纪实性3.文学性
报告文学往往像新闻通讯一样，善于以最快的速度，把生活中刚发生的激动人心的事件及时地传达给读者。报告文学之所以受读者欢迎，就在于它能把握时代的脉搏，把群众关心的现实情况迅速地反映出来，发挥“文学轻骑兵”的作用。
报告文学不能像小说那样虚构人物、情节，它必须以现实生活中的真人真事为描写对象，写真纪实是它的重要特征。
一般来说，报告文学要写真人真事，但不是任何真人真事都能成为报告文学描写的对象。报告文学要追踪事实，但并不是任何事实都值得它们去报告，而是要有所选择和提炼。
报告文学不能像新闻报导那样，只有事件梗概，它必须塑造丰满的人物形象，必须有生动的形象化的细节。
报告文学不同于小说，不以塑造人物形象为主，但它在艺术形象性上的要求是很高的。人物特写自然必须在介绍人物事迹中努力刻画人物，即使在以写事为主的作品中也离不开写人，如果能生动地刻画人物形象，必然会大大加强感染力。
报告文学还可以吸收小说的描写技巧、戏剧的对话艺术、电影分镜头的叙述方法以及诗歌的跳跃手法等。
reportage
From the news reports and documentary prose generation and independent press and a combination of prose genres of literature, but also a time to reflect and comment on literary techniques in real life the true story of the news style. Sketches, features, general term for literary communication. As a range of communication and style between the novel. Its narrative documentary as the main responsibility to report the truth, which called for work in the dominant people and things must be true, with news of; it through the artistic process, to reflect the image of life and full of writer's ideological tendencies and emotional attitude with literary. That is, the three signs: news and literary and political. This style is a product of modern journalism developed, has prevailed in the early 20th century, the Soviet Union and Europe and the United States. China after the May 4th Movement, some of communication, travel and narrative prose has been credited with some characteristics of reportage. But the official reportage advocacy and conscious creation, beginning from the early 30's, and with the left-wing literary movement and the introduction of foreign reportage. The first to publish the works of reportage is the name of the "Shanghai Incident and Reportage" (1932). Later, a "living record" and "China Day" and other albums and "bonded labor" (Xia Yan), "Spring 1936, in Taiyuan" (Song of) other famous article. The late 30s, China was a great development of reportage that has become an important independent literary variety.
What is reportage?
Literary reportage is the means to take time to reflect true story of a news style.
Late 19th century, newspapers landing in China, essays and news product of the combination of reportage started breeding date. After the Opium War, there has been first begun to take shape in the works of reportage, but only to Liang's "coup d'etat in mind" that obviously has the basic characteristics of reportage. Liang, the reportage work together more slowly.
Famous works of reportage, "the report under the gallows", "bonded labor" and so on.
Reportage is a true story based on the shape in the artistic image, in order to reflect the real life of literature and timely means of literature.
Its basic features are: 1. Timely 2. Documentary 3. Literary
Reportage newsletter as often as good at the fastest speed, the exciting life events that occurred just in time to convey to the reader. Reportage reason by the readers, is that it can grasp the pulse of the times, the reality of concern to the masses quickly reflected in the play "literary light cavalry" role.
Reportage can not be as novel as fictional characters, plot, it must be the real story in real life as his subject, photo documentary is an important feature of it.
In general, the reportage to write true story, but not any real story can become the object of reportage description. Reportage to follow the facts, but not worthy of any facts to report them, but to be chosen and refined.
Reportage did not like the news reports, only the outline of events, it must shape the fullness of the characters, to visualize the details are vivid.
Reportage is different from fiction, not to create the main characters, but it is the image of the art requirements are very high. Close-up of natural persons must be introduced to depict characters in stories, even if mainly in order to write something also needs to write one works, if vivid characterization, is bound to greatly enhance the appeal.
Reportage also can absorb the description of novel techniques, theater arts of dialogue, the film's narrative method and a shooting jump measures in poetry.
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