reportage
從新聞報道和紀實散文中生成獨立出來的一種新聞與文學結的散文裁，也是一種以文學手法及時反映和評論現實生活中的真人真事的新聞文。速寫、特寫、文藝通訊的總稱。作為一種介於通訊和小說之間的文。它以敘事紀實為主，以報告真相為己任，即要求作品中占主的人與事必須真實，具有新聞性；又經過藝加工，以形象反映生活，飽含作的思想傾和情感態度，具備文學性。也就是三個：新聞性、文學性和政治性。這文是近代新聞事業發達的産物，曾盛行於20世紀初期的聯和歐美。在五四運動以的中國，某些通訊、旅行記和敘事散文已具有報告文學的部分特性。但正式倡導和自覺創作報告文學，是從30年代初開始的，與左翼文藝運動和外國報告文學的傳入有關。第一部以報告文學名義出版的作品集是《上海事變與報告文學》（1932）。稍有《活的記錄》、《中國的一日》等專集和《包身工》(夏衍)、《1936年春在太原》（宋之的）等名篇。30 年代末期以，中國報告文學獲得很大展 ，已成為一個獨立的重要的文學品。
什麽叫報告文學?
報告文學是取文學手段及時地反映真人真事的一種新聞文。
19世紀的晚清，報紙登陸中國，散文與新聞相結的産物棗報告文學開始孕育。鴉片戰爭之，出現第一批初具報告文學雛形的作品，但是到梁啓超的《戊戌政變記》明顯具備報告文學的基本特。梁啓超之，報告文學作品慢慢多起來。
“五四”運動為中國的思想、文化帶來深刻的變革，報告文學在題材和思想內容上取得巨大突破。冰心、瞿白、梁啓超、魯迅、柔石、謝冰瑩和文學研究會的諸作都積極寫作報告文學。除堅持一貫的愛國主義精神的宣揚外，同情人民生活疾苦、揭露帝國主義和封建軍閥罪惡、尋求中國出路、贊揚俄革命、現北伐革命等思想內容更多地現在他們的作品中。作者們多以親身經的事件為素材，作品的抒情性大為增強。到這時，作者們尚沒有文的自覺性，“報告文學”這一名詞直到1930年正式被引進。
著名的報告文學作品有《絞刑架下的報告》、《包身工》等。
報告文學是一種在真人真事基礎上塑造藝形象，以文學手段及時反映現實生活的文學裁。
它的基本特是：1.及時性2.紀實性3.文學性
報告文學往往像新聞通訊一樣，善於以最快的速度，把生活中剛生的激動人心的事件及時地傳達給讀者。報告文學之所以受讀者歡迎，就在於它能把握時代的脈搏，把群衆關心的現實情況迅速地反映出來，揮“文學輕騎兵”的作用。
報告文學不能像小說那樣虛構人物、情節，它必須以現實生活中的真人真事為描寫對象，寫真紀實是它的重要特。
一般來說，報告文學要寫真人真事，但不是任何真人真事都能成為報告文學描寫的對象。報告文學要追蹤事實，但並不是任何事實都值得它們去報告，而是要有所選擇和提煉。
報告文學不能像新聞報導那樣，衹有事件梗概，它必須塑造滿的人物形象，必須有生動的形象化的細節。
報告文學不同於小說，不以塑造人物形象為主，但它在藝形象性上的要求是很高的。人物特寫自然必須在介紹人物事跡中努力刻畫人物，即使在以寫事為主的作品中也離不開寫人，如果能生動地刻畫人物形象，必然會大大加強感染力。
報告文學還可以吸收小說的描寫技巧、戲劇的對話藝、電影分鏡頭的敘述方法以及詩歌的跳躍手法等。
reportage
From the news reports and documentary prose generation and independent press and a combination of prose genres of literature, but also a time to reflect and comment on literary techniques in real life the true story of the news style. Sketches, features, general term for literary communication. As a range of communication and style between the novel. Its narrative documentary as the main responsibility to report the truth, which called for work in the dominant people and things must be true, with news of; it through the artistic process, to reflect the image of life and full of writer's ideological tendencies and emotional attitude with literary. That is, the three signs: news and literary and political. This style is a product of modern journalism developed, has prevailed in the early 20th century, the Soviet Union and Europe and the United States. China after the May 4th Movement, some of communication, travel and narrative prose has been credited with some characteristics of reportage. But the official reportage advocacy and conscious creation, beginning from the early 30's, and with the left-wing literary movement and the introduction of foreign reportage. The first to publish the works of reportage is the name of the "Shanghai Incident and Reportage" (1932). Later, a "living record" and "China Day" and other albums and "bonded labor" (Xia Yan), "Spring 1936, in Taiyuan" (Song of) other famous article. The late 30s, China was a great development of reportage that has become an important independent literary variety.
What is reportage?
Literary reportage is the means to take time to reflect true story of a news style.
Late 19th century, newspapers landing in China, essays and news product of the combination of reportage started breeding date. After the Opium War, there has been first begun to take shape in the works of reportage, but only to Liang's "coup d'etat in mind" that obviously has the basic characteristics of reportage. Liang, the reportage work together more slowly.
Famous works of reportage, "the report under the gallows", "bonded labor" and so on.
Reportage is a true story based on the shape in the artistic image, in order to reflect the real life of literature and timely means of literature.
Its basic features are: 1. Timely 2. Documentary 3. Literary
Reportage newsletter as often as good at the fastest speed, the exciting life events that occurred just in time to convey to the reader. Reportage reason by the readers, is that it can grasp the pulse of the times, the reality of concern to the masses quickly reflected in the play "literary light cavalry" role.
Reportage can not be as novel as fictional characters, plot, it must be the real story in real life as his subject, photo documentary is an important feature of it.
In general, the reportage to write true story, but not any real story can become the object of reportage description. Reportage to follow the facts, but not worthy of any facts to report them, but to be chosen and refined.
Reportage did not like the news reports, only the outline of events, it must shape the fullness of the characters, to visualize the details are vivid.
Reportage is different from fiction, not to create the main characters, but it is the image of the art requirements are very high. Close-up of natural persons must be introduced to depict characters in stories, even if mainly in order to write something also needs to write one works, if vivid characterization, is bound to greatly enhance the appeal.
Reportage also can absorb the description of novel techniques, theater arts of dialogue, the film's narrative method and a shooting jump measures in poetry.
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