tǐ yù jiàn shēn gymnastics workoutfēnlèibiǎo
bīng qì wǔ shù enginery martial art
　　zì diǎn zhōng jiě shì： bīng qì， jūn shì dǒu zhēng zhōng bāo hán yòu gè zhǒng shā shāng lì、 pò huài lì de qì xiè zhuāng zhì ．
　　 lěng bīng qì
　　 guǎng yì de lěng bīng qì zhǐ lěng bīng qì shí dài suǒ yòu de zuò zhàn zhuāng bèi。
　　1. bīng qì zì gǔ yòu jiù yòu zhōng guó gǔ dài bīng qì bù dàn shì wèile fáng yù， yòu shí gèng shì rén shēn fèn dì wèi de xiàng zhēng， “ guó zhī dà shì， zài sì yǔ róng ”， zú jiàn bīng qì zài gǔ dài guó jiā zhōng de xiǎn hè dì wèi。 bīng qì de xiān jìn chéng dù， wǎng wǎng jué dìng liǎo yī gè guó jiā qiáng shèng yǔ fǒu。
　　 cóng lěng bīng qì lèi bié lái fēn kě yǐ fēn wéi shí bā zhǒng， jí rén men suǒ shuō de shí bā bān bīng qì： dāo、 qiāng、 jiàn、 jǐ、 fǔ、 yuè、 gōu、 chā、 biān、 jiàn、 chuí、 zhuā、 táng、 gùn、 shuò、 bàng、 guǎi、 liú xīng。
　　 zài wǔ xiá xiǎo shuō zhōng， bīng qì de zuò yòng zé bèi shén huà rú： xiǎo lǐ fēi dāo， jué shì hǎo jiàn děng
　　 gǔ diǎn xiǎo shuō zhōng rén wù yě pèi yǐ bù fán de bīng qì： guān gōng qīng lóng yǎn yuè dāo、 zhāng fēi zhàng bā shé máo、 lǚ bù fāng tiān huà jǐ děng děng。
　　 zhōng guó lěng bīng qì de fā zhǎn
　　 zhōng guó gǔ dài bīng qì dà gài kě yǐ fēn chéng sān gè jiē duàn， shǒu xiān shì shǐ qián shí qī， cóng kǎo gǔ xué lái jiǎng jiào shí qì shí dài， wǒ men chēng zhè gè jiē duàn shì shí qì shí dài de bīng qì。
　　 kāi shǐ qīng tóng yě zhù hòu， zhè shí hòu bīng qì de zhù yào cái zhì jiù kāi shǐ biàn chéng liǎo qīng tóng de。 wǒ men chēng zhè gè shí qī de bīng qì wéi qīng tóng shí dài de bīng qì。 rén men dǒng dé liǎo jīn shǔ de yě liàn hòu， zhè shí hòu jūn duì shǐ yòng de bīng qì de zhù yào cái zhì yě gǎi wéi gāng tiě zuò de liǎo， jiù jìn rù liǎo tiě qì shí dài de bīng qì。
　　 yuán shǐ shè huì xiàng nú lì shè huì zhuǎn biàn shí qī， lüè duó zhàn zhēng rì yì pín fán， biàn zhú jiàn xíng chéng liǎo yòng yú zuò zhàn de bīng qì hé wǔ yì。 xià dài réng yán yòng shí zhì bīng qì， dàn yòu suǒ gǎi jìn， yòu liǎo shǎo liàng qīng tóng bīng qì。 zhì shāng dài， jūn duì shǐ yòng qīng tóng bīng qì yǐ jiào pǔ biàn， ér qiě bīng qì zhǒng lèi zēng duō， zhì liàng dà yòu tí gāo。 1953 nián， zài hé nán shěng 'ān yáng yīn xū chū tǔ de shāng dài wén wù yǐ yòu tóng máo tóu、 tóng gòu、 tóng qī、 tóng dāo、 tóng fǔ、 tóng cù děng xiàng。 lìng wài， zài shān dōng shěng yì dū chū tǔ liǎo shāng dài de bīng qì tóng yuè、 tóng tóu yù máo、 tóng gē。
　　 xī zhōu bīng qì jìn yī bù duō yàng huà， zhè gè shí qī cháng bīng yòu： gē、 jǐ、 yuè、 máo、 fǔ děng。 duǎn bīng zé yòu dāo、 jiàn děng。 zhè xiē bīng qì duō wéi tóng zhì， zhì dì jīng liáng jiān lì。 tóng qì de chū xiàn， biāo zhì zhe rén lèi shè huì cóng shí zhì gōng jù shí dài jìn rù dào shǐ yòng jīn shǔ qì jù de shí dài； qīng tóng bīng qì de shǐ yòng， shǐ bīng qì jìn rù liǎo yī gè quán xīn de lì shǐ jià duàn， bìng fā huī qí wú bǐ wēi lì。 tiě bīng qì shǐ yú zhōu dài， zhàn guó shí qī yǐ pǔ biàn shǐ yòng。 yóu yú tiě de yùn cáng liàng jiào wéi fēng fù， tiě qì de jiān yìng dù bǐ tóng zhì pǐn qiáng， yòu yì yú zhù zào， yīn cǐ， tiě bīng qì zhú jiàn dài tì liǎo tóng bīng qì， pǐn zhǒng gèng wéi qí quán。
　　 zhōng guó gǔ dài bīng qì zhī zhǒng lèi kān chēng shì jiè zhī zuì， bù wán quán yīn wéi nà gè nián dài de guì zú pǔ biàn shàng wǔ， hái yīn wéi xùn zàng yǔ hòu zàng zhì dù de yuán gù。 yú shì， qīng tóng bīng qì tóng yàng yě dà duō chū tǔ yú guì zú de mù zàng zhōng。 zhū rú yuè wáng gòu jiàn jiàn、 wú wáng fūchāi máo， xǔ duō bīng qì dū chū zì zhòng yào jiàng shī zhù shǒu， gōng yì kè yì qiú jīng， níng jù liǎo gāo dù de zhì huì hé jì qiǎo， fēi xún cháng qì wù kě bǐ。 jù gǔ jí jìzǎi yǐ jí dà liàng de chū tǔ wén wù biǎo míng， dāng shí yòu gē、 jǐ、 máo、 shū、 fǔ、 yuè、 chuí、 zhuī、 dāo、 jiàn、 bǐ shǒu děng， bìng guǎng fàn yìng yòng yú zhàn zhēng zhōng。 zuò zhàn shí， shì bīng yī tiě jiá， cāo tiě zhàng， shǐ yòng tiě fǔ、 tiě dāo、 tiě yuè、 tiě máo děng bīng qì。 dào liǎo hàn dài dà dǐ wán chéng liǎo tóng bīng qì xiàng tiě bīng qì de guò dù， zhì sān guó shí qī， tóng bīng qì yǐ jīng jī běn shàng tuì chū liǎo lì shǐ wǔ tái， yǎn biàn wéi tiě bīng qì de quán shèng shí qī。 jù《 diǎn lùn》 jìzǎi： " wèi tài zǐ cáo pī xuǎn chǔ yuè liáng gōng zhì tiě dāo、 tiě jiàn、 tiě bǐ shǒu， jīng 'ér liàn zhī， zhì yú bǎi bì（ jí duàn liàn bǎi cì） "。 zhè zhǒng wǔ qì zhì liàng shàng de fēi yuè， shì bì duì shǐ yòng wǔ qì de jì néng tí chū gèng gāo de yào qiú， cóng 'ér cù jìn wǔ yì de fā zhǎn。 suí táng wǔ dài shí qī de tiě bīng qì zhōng， cháng bīng qì yǐ máo、 qiāng hé cháng dāo wéi zhù。
　　 jù《 xīn táng shū》 jìzǎi： " guāng bì yòu bì jiāng， yuán máo cì zéi， dòng mǎ fù， zhōng shù rén "。 zhè biǎo míng táng jiāng shàn yòng cháng máo 'ér qiě jì yì jīng liáng。 duǎn bīng qì zé yǐ dāo wéi zhù。 jiàn zài zhè shí yǐ jīng shī qù liǎo shí zhàn de jià zhí， chéng wéi dào shì men de fǎ qì hé mín jiān xí wǔ qì xiè。 jiàn shù yī zhí shì rén men xǐ 'ài de wǔ shù xiàng mù zhī yī， pèi jiàn zhī fēng cháng jiǔ bù shuāi。 xiāng chuán shī xiān lǐ bái jīng cháng wǔ jiàn， yǒu rén cuī zōng zhī chēng zàn tā： " qǐ wǔ fú cháng jiàn， sì zuò jiē yáng méi。 táng dài zhòng shè， gōng shǐ de jié gòu jīng qiǎo， guī gé duō yàng， jù《 táng liù diǎn》 suǒ jì。 gōng yòu cháng gōng、 jiǎo gōng děng 4 zhǒng， nǔ yòu bò zhāng nǔ、 jiǎo gōng nǔ děng 7 zhǒng， jiàn yě yòu zhú jiàn、 mù jiàn děng 4 zhǒng。
　　 sòng、 yuán zhī jì yòu suǒ wèi " shí bā bān wǔ yì " zhī shuō。 qí shí " shí bā " bù guò shì fàn chēng 'ér yǐ， shí jì shàng yuǎn bù zhǐ cǐ shù。 jù sòng rén céng gōng liàng《 wǔ jīng zǒng yào》 jìzǎi， cháng gān tiě qiāng jiù yòu 18 zhǒng， lìng wài cháng bǐng tiě dāo yòu 8 zhǒng， gè zhǒng duǎn bīng qì yòu 17 zhǒng， rú shǒu dāo、 jí lí、 tiě biān、 tiě　、 tiě jiàn、 dà fǔ、 liè zuàn、 gōu bàng děng děng。 zhù míng de " lí huā qiāng " jiù chǎn shēng yú sòng dài， qí qiāng fǎ yǐ fā zhǎn dào chún shú de chéng dù。 yuán dài bīng qì zé jīng xì 'ér shí yòng。 jù máo yuán yí de《 wǔ bèi zhì》 jìzǎi， yòu gè zhǒng tiě qiāng 6 zhǒng， gè zhǒng dāo 7 zhǒng。 hái yòu fēi gōu、 yǎn、 mǎ chā、 lí huā qiāng、 láng xiǎn（ cháng qiāng）、 shuāng fēi wō、 fēi chuí、 tiě jǐ děng bīng qì 49 zhǒng， lìng yòu huǒ qiāng、 huǒ pào 6 zhǒng。 dào liǎo míng dài， " shí bā bān wǔ yì " yòu liǎo jù tǐ nèi róng。 míng rén xiè zhào zhì《 wǔ zá zǔ》 juàn wǔ zhōng jìzǎi： " hé yě shí bā bān？ yī gōng、 èr nǔ、 sān qiāng、 sì dāo、 wǔ jiàn、 liù yú、 qī dùn、 bā fǔ、 jiǔ yuè、 shí jǐ、 shí yī biān、 shí 'èr jiǎn、 shí sān wō、 shí sì shū、 shí wǔ chā、 shí liù bǎ、 shí qī mián shéng tào suǒ、 shí bā bái dǎ "。 " shí bā bān wǔ yì " jiǎng de shì yǎn liàn bīng qì de jì yì， suǒ yǐ tā de qián shí qī zhǒng dōushì bīng qì de míng chēng。 dì shí bā zhǒng wéi " bái dǎ "， míng dài zhū guó zhēn《 yǒng chuáng xiǎo pǐn》 zhōng jiě shì shuō： " bái dǎ jí shǒu bó zhī xì …… sú wèi zhī dǎ quán "。 qīng dài de bīng qì yǔ míng dài dà tóng xiǎo yì， bù guò pǐn zhǒng gèng duō 'ér yǐ。 ná dāo lái shuō， yòu dà dāo、 pōdāo、 chūn qiū dà dāo、 sān jiān liǎng rèn dāo、 dà huán dāo、 fèng zuǐ dāo、 méi huā dāo、 yāo dāo、 zhàn dāo、 miáo dāo、 zhuàng zú jiān dāo、 yí zú chā dāo…… bù xià 10 yú zhǒng。 cǐ wài， chā、 zhuā、 guǎi、 nǔ、 fǔ、 dùn、 gōu、 shū、 chuí、　、 ?、 bàng、 cì、 bó、 yuè、 bǎ、 chǐ、 chǎn děng děng jiù gèng duō liǎo。 qì xiè de duō shì duō yàng， shǐ wǔ shù de nèi róng gèng wéi duō zī duō cǎi。 xīn zhōng guó chéng lì yǐ hòu， suí zhe wǔ shù xùn liàn yǔ jìng sài de xū yào， duì dāo、 qiāng、 jiàn、 gùn děng cháng yòng qì xiè de guī gé zuò liǎo jù tǐ guī dìng， duì zhòng liàng、 cháng duǎn、 cū xì yǐ jí qì xiè zhì zuò cái liào dōuyòu míng què yào qiú， duì wǔ shù shuǐ píng de tí gāo qǐ liǎo cù jìn zuò yòng。
　　 gǔ dài bīng qì jiè shào
　　 jiǔ duǎn： dāo、 jiàn、 biān、 jiàn、 guǎi、 fǔ、 bàng、 chuí、 chǔ。
　　 jiǔ cháng： dāo、 qiāng、 gùn、 yuè、 chā、 chēng、 gōu、 shuò、 jǐ。
　　 gǔ shū zhōng duì lěng bīng qì de yī xiē jìzǎi
　　1.《 zhōu lǐ xià guān sī mǎ》： 「 sī bīng， zhǎng wǔ bīng、 wǔ dùn， gè biàn qí wù yǔ qí děng。 」 xiān zhèng yún：「 gē、 shū、 jǐ、 qiú máo、 yí máo。」
　　2. nán sòng huá yuè《 cuì wēi běi zhēng lù》 juàn qī ＜ gōng zhì ＞：「 jūn qì sān shí yòu liù， ér gōng wéi chēng shǒu； wǔ yì yī shí yòu bā， ér gōng wéi dì yī。」
　　3. nán sòng yǒng jiā nián jiān＜ zhāng xié zhuàng yuán＞ dì sì shí bā：「 qián rì liǎng gè xiǎo rén， yī gè dào qiàn qián， yī gè dào bù qiàn qián， shí bā bān wǔ yì dōubù huì， zhǐ huì bái sī dǎ。」
　　4. yuánqǔ zhōng dà liàng chū xiàn shí bā bān wǔ yì zhī shuō， shuō míng yǐ chéng wéi rén men shēng huó zhōng de kǒu tóu chán。 dàn réng wèi jiàn xiáng xì nèi róng。
　　5. míng hé liáng chén《 zhèn jì shù wǔ》：「 shòu qì zhī yào， yīn qí duǎn cháng biān liè zhī， yí suí qí dì shì， měi yǐ qiāng、 xiǎn、 gōng、 nǔ、 biāo、 chòng wéi cháng bīng， dāo、 lián、 chā、 bǎ、 pái、 fǔ wéi duǎn qì。」
　　6. míng jiā jìng guō xūn kè bǎi huí běn《 shuǐhǔzhuàn》 dì 'èr huí＜ wáng jiào tóu sī zǒu yán 'ān fǔ， jiǔ wén lóng dà nào shǐ jiā cūn＞：「 shǐ jìn měi rì qǐng wáng jiào tóu diǎn bá， shí bā bān wǔ yì， yī yī cóng tóu zhǐ jiào。 nà shí bā bān wǔ yì？ máo、 chuí、 gōng、 nǔ、 chòng， biān、 jiàn、 jiàn、 liàn、 wō， fǔ、 yuè bìng gē、 jǐ， pái、 bàng yǔ qiāng、 chà。」
　　7. míng xiè zhào zhì《 wǔ zá zǔ》 juàn wǔ：「 zhèng tǒng jǐ sì zhī biàn， zhāo mù tiān xià yǒng shì。 shān dōng lǐ tōng zhě， xíng jiào jīng shī， shì qí jì yì， shí bā bān jiē néng， wú rén kě yǔ wéi dí， suì yìng shǒu xuǎn。」（ shí bā bān nǎi： yī gōng、 èr nǔ、 sān qiāng、 sì dāo、 wǔ jiàn、 liù máo、 qī dùn、 bā fǔ、 jiǔ yuè、 shí jǐ、 shí yī biān、 shí 'èr jiàn、 shí sān gǎo、 shí sì shū、 shí wǔ chā、 shí liù pá tóu、 shí qī mián shéng tào suǒ、 shí bā bái dǎ。
　　8. zhū guó zhēn《 yǒng chuáng xiǎo pǐn》 tóng， wéi dì shí sān wéi「 wō」， dāng shǔ yīn tóng jiǎ jiè。
　　9. qīng chū chǔ rén huò《 jiān hù jí》：「 shān xī lǐ tōng shàn shǐ wǔ yì shí bā shì， jì gōng、 nǔ、 qiāng、 dāo、 jiàn、 máo、 dùn、 fǔ、 yuè、 biān、 jiàn、 wō、 shū、 chā、 bǎ tóu、 mián shéng tào、 chuí jí bái dǎ， gòng shí bā zhǒng。」
　　10. qīng chū chǔ rén huò《 jiān hù jí xù jí》：「 máo、 chuí、 gōng、 nǔ、 chòng， biān、 jiàn、 jiàn、 liàn、 wō， fǔ、 yuè bìng gē、 jǐ， pái、 bàng yǔ qiāng、 chà。」
　　11. yuán bīng xī zhēng shí， cóng gè dì dài huí yī xiē bīng qì， zhǒng lèi fán zá， kàn lái「 shí bā bān bīng qì」 hé「 shí bā bān wǔ yì」 zhī shuō， shì yī zhǒng tǒng chēng huò gài suàn。
　　12. chéng yǔ sú yàn zhōng， yǔ bīng qì yòu guān zhě： yī jiàn shuāng diāo、 jiè dāo shā rén、 huí mǎ qiāng、 tuō dāo jì、 shā shǒu jiàn、 liú xīng chuí、
　　13. lì dài míng rén suǒ shǐ bīng qì： guān gōng qīng lóng yǎn yuè dāo、 zhāng fēi zhàng bā cháng máo、 lǚ bù fāng tiān huà jǐ、
　　 huǒ qì
　　
　　
　　 huǒ qì： yòng huǒ lì shā shāng rén huò yòng huǒ lì fā shè de bīng qì , huǒ qì lì xí yuǎn。 rú qiāng、 pào、 huǒ jiàn tǒng、 shǒu liú dàn、 hé wǔ qì（ yuán zǐ dàn、 qīng dàn） děng。
　　 huǒ qì de fā zhǎn
　　 dào liǎo běi sòng shí qī， huǒ yào kāi shǐ yòng yú bīng qì。 zhōng guó shì huǒ yào de gù xiāng， zhōng guó de jūn duì shì zuì zǎo shǐ yòng huǒ yào wǔ qì de jūn duì。 zài běi sòng de《 wǔ jīng zǒng yào》 lǐ biān jiǎng liǎo sān zhǒng pèi fāng， jí jí lí huǒ qiú， pī lì huǒ qiú、 huǒ pào huǒ yào fǎ。 dāng shí yòng huǒ yào zuò chéng liǎo yòng pāo shí jī fā shè de pào dàn， dāng rán pāo shí jī zuì zǎo de shǐ yòng， jiù shì pào de chū xiàn kě néng zài dōng zhōu wǎn qī。
　　 nán sòng shí hòu chū xiàn liǎo zhú tǒng huǒ qì， chén guī de《 shǒu chéng lù》 lǐ miàn jiǎng dào， kāi shǐ yòng zhú tǒng， lǐ biān fàng shàng huǒ yào néng gòu wǎng wài pēn huǒ， huò zhě néng shāo shāng dí rén。 hái yòu jiù shì bǎ cháng máo xià biān 'ān shàng yī gè yào tǒng， yě kě yǐ pēn huǒ， dāng shí yě jiào huǒ qiāng。 jiù shì shuō kāi shǐ chū xiàn guǎn xíng de huǒ qì， zhè shì chū xiàn zuì zǎo de huǒ qì。
　　 míng dài de huǒ qì fā zhǎn dào dǐng shèng shí qī。 qí huǒ qì de guǎn xíng huǒ qì pǐn zhǒng pō duō， xíng shì fù zá。 dāng shí de pēn shè huǒ qì（ gǔ dài huǒ jiàn） zhì zào yǐ jīng xiāng dāng jīng liáng， yàng shì fán duō， jù《 huǒ lóng shén qì zhèn fǎ》、《 wǔ bèi zhì》 děng shǐ shū jìzǎi， cǐ jiān duō shǐ yòng de huǒ jiàn zhǒng lèi yòu dān fā huǒ jiàn、 duō fā qí shè huǒ jiàn、 duō huǒ yào tǒng bìng lián huǒ jiàn、 yòu yì huǒ jiàn、 duō jí huǒ jiàn děng， huǒ jiàn de pǐn zhǒng dá jǐ shí zhǒng zhī duō。 yóu yú huǒ qì de péng bó fā zhǎn， míng dài jūn duì pǔ biàn zhuāng bèi liǎo huǒ qì， zhàn zhēng de zhù yào wǔ qì zhuànxiàng liǎo shǐ yòng huǒ qì。 yàn wáng zhū dì yǔ jiàn wén dì zhēng duó dì wèi shí， jiù céng shǐ yòng huǒ jiàn zuò zhàn。 yǒng lè nián jiān（ 1403 － 1424 nián）， míng wáng cháo hái zhuān mén zǔ jiàn liǎo " shén jī yíng "， zhè zhǒng dú lì pào bīng jiàn zhì zài dāng shí zhōng guó nǎi zhì shì jiè gè guó dū shǒu qū yī zhǐ。
　　 huǒ yào chuán dào xī fāng yǐ hòu， yóu yú shè huì zhì dù de biàn huà， tè bié shì hé zī běn zhù yì méng yá lián xì zài yī qǐ， tā yòu yī gè jí dà de fā zhǎn。 suǒ yǐ dāng shí hé lán、 xī bān yá zhè xiē shāng chuán dào liǎo zhōng guó， dài lái liǎo dāng shí xī fāng xiān jìn de qiāng pào guò lái， míng jūn cái kàn dào zì jǐ de luò hòu， suǒ yǐ cái kāi shǐ zhù yì dào zhè gè wèn tí， jiù kāi shǐ yǐn jìn liǎo xī fāng de qiāng pào de zhì zuò jì shù。 yā piàn zhàn zhēng yǐ hòu， qīng cháo kāi shǐ liàn xīn bīng， yuán shì kǎi liàn xīn bīng děng děng， kāi shǐ yǐn jìn xīn de xī fāng de qiāng xiè yǐ hòu， zhōng guó gǔ dài bīng qì de lì shǐ jiù jié shù liǎo。
　　 huǒ qì fā zhǎn dào xiàn zài， qiāng xiè de pǐn zhǒng fán duō， céng chū bù qióng， lìng rén yǎn huā liáo luàn。
　　2.《 bīng qì》 zá zhì shì guó nèi zuì zhī míng de jūn shì lèi zá zhì。
　　
　　
　　 wǔ shù ( gōng fū )：
　　 dǎ quán hé shǐ yòng bīng qì de jì shù， shì wǒ guó chuán tǒng de tǐ yù xiàng mù。（《 xiàn dài hàn yǔ cí diǎn》）
　　 wǔ shù hái yòu qí tā míng chēng : gōng fū , wǔ gōng hé guó shù huò wǔ yì ﹐ zhōng guó chuán tǒng tǐ yù xiàng mù。 qí nèi róng shì bǎ tī ﹑ dǎ﹑ shuāi﹑ ná﹑ diē﹑ jī﹑ pī﹑ cì děng dòng zuò 'àn zhào yī dìng guī lǜ zǔ chéng tú shǒu de hé qì xiè de gè zhǒng gōng fáng gé dǒu gōng fū﹑ tào lù hé dān shì liàn xí。 wǔ shù jù yòu jí qí guǎng fàn de qún zhòng jī chǔ﹐ shì zhōng guó rén mín zài cháng qī de shè huì shí jiàn zhōng bù duàn jī lěi hé fēng fù qǐ lái de yī xiàng bǎo guì de wén huà yí chǎn。 mù qián wǔ shù huàfēn wéi sàn dǎ hé tào lù， sàn dǎ yòu jiào sàn shǒu， shì wǔ shù de lèitái xíng shì， tào lù zé wéi wǔ shù de biǎo yǎn xíng shì。
　　【 wǔ shù yǎn biàn】
　　 wǔ shù de qǐ yuán kě yǐ zhuī sù dào yuán shǐ shè huì。 nà shí﹐ rén lèi jí yǐ kāi shǐ yòng gùn bàng děng yuán shǐ gōng jù zuò wǔ qì tóng yě shòu jìn xíng dǒu zhēng﹐ yī shì wèile zì wèi﹐ yī shì wèile liè qǔ shēng huó zī liào﹐ hòu lái rén men wèile hù xiāng zhēng duó cái fù﹐ jìn 'ér zhì zào liǎo gèng jù yòu shā shāng lì de wǔ qì。 rú《 shān hǎi jīng ‧ dà huāng běi jīng》 jiù yòu“ chī yóu zuò bīng fá huáng dì” de jìzǎi。 zhè yàng﹐ rén lèi tōng guò zhàn dǒu﹐ bù jǐn zhì zào liǎo bīng qì﹐ ér qiě zhú jiàn jī lěi liǎo jù yòu yī dìng de gōng fáng gé dǒu yì yì de jì néng。
　　 zài yīn shāng shí qī﹐ qīng tóng yè fā zhǎn﹐ yǐ chē zhàn wéi zhù﹐ chū xiàn liǎo yī xiē tóng zhì wǔ qì﹐ rú máo﹑ gē﹑ jǐ﹑ fǔ﹑ yuè﹑ dāo﹑ jiàn děng。 tóng shí﹐ yě chū xiàn liǎo zhè lèi wǔ qì de yòng fǎ﹐ rú pī﹑ zhā﹑ cì﹑ kǎn děng jì shù。 wèile tí gāo zhàn dǒu lì﹐ zhè shí yǐ yòu liǎo bǐ sài de xíng shì。 rú《 lǐ jì‧ wáng zhì》 suǒ zài“ fán zhí jì lùn lì﹐ shì sì fāng﹐ luǒ gǔ gōng﹐ jué shè yù”﹐ yì jí jiào liàng wǔ yì gāo dī。
　　 chūn qiū zhàn guó shí qī﹐ tiě qì chū xiàn﹐ bù qí bīng xīng qǐ﹐ wèile zài bù qí zhàn zhōng fā huī zuò yòng﹐ cháng bǐng wǔ qì biàn duǎn﹐ duǎn bǐng wǔ qì ( tè bié shì jiàn shēn ) biàn cháng﹐ zhè yàng﹐ wǔ qì de nèi róng jiù gèng jiā fēng fù liǎo﹐ wǔ shù de jì jī xìng jìn yī bù tū chū﹐ tóng shí wǔ shù de jiàn shēn zuò yòng yě shòu dào zhòng shì。 zhè shí bǐ shì wǔ yì de xíng shì yǐ guǎng fàn chū xiàn﹐ gèng jiā tuī dòng liǎo wǔ yì de fā zhǎn。 jù《 guǎn zǐ‧ qī fǎ》 zài﹐ dāng shí měi nián yòu“ chūn qiū juéshì。” jù《 zhuāng zǐ‧ rén jiān shì》 hé《 xún zǐ‧ yì bīng》 suǒ zài﹐ dāng shí bǐ shì wǔ yì yǐ fēi cháng jiǎng jiū jì qiǎo﹐ quán shù dǎ fǎ yòu jìn gōng﹑ fáng shǒu﹑ fǎn gōng﹑ yáng gōng děng。
　　 qín shí shèng xíng juédǐ hé shǒu bó﹐ bǐ sài shí yòu cái pàn﹐ yòu sài chǎng﹐ yòu yī dìng de fú zhuāng。 1975 nián hú běi shěng jiāng líng xiàn fèng huáng shān qín mù chū tǔ de yī jiàn mù bì bèi miàn shàng jiù cǎi huà liǎo dāng shí yīcháng bǐ sài de shèng kuàng ﹕ tái qián yòu wéi mù piāo dài﹐ tái shàng 3 gè shàng shēn chì luǒ de nán zǐ﹐ zhǐ chuān duǎn kù﹐ yāo bù jìdài﹐ zú chuān qiáo tóu xié﹐ 2 rén zài bǐ sài﹐ 1 rén shuāng shǒu qián shēn zuò cái pàn。
　　 hàn shí﹐ yòu liǎo jiàn wǔ﹑ dāo wǔ﹑ shuāng jǐ wǔ﹑ yuè wǔ děng。 zhè dū shuō míng﹐ hàn shí de wǔ wǔ yǐ yòu míng xiǎn de jì jī xìng﹐ yòu zhāo fǎ﹐ yòu duō yǐ tào lù de xíng shì chū xiàn。 hàn shí shì wǔ shù dà fā zhǎn de shí qī﹐ yǐ xíng chéng liǎo duō zhǒng jì shù fēng gé de liú pài。 rú《 hàn shū . yì wén zhì》 shōu rù de“ bīng jì qiǎo” lèi jiù yòu 13 jiā﹑ 199 piān﹐ dōushì lùn shù“ xí shǒu zú﹐ biàn qì xiè﹐ jī jī guān﹐ yǐ lì gōng shǒu zhī shèng” de wǔ shù zhuān zhù。
　　 liǎng jìn nán běi cháo shí qī﹐ zhàn luàn pín fán﹐ guān liáo guì zú huò dān yú yàn lè huò zhuī qiú cháng shēng bù lǎo zhī shù﹐ qí yǐng xiǎng yě shèn tòu dào shè huì gè jiē céng de shēng huó zhōng﹐ rú shì jiàn wéi jù yòu shén mì sè cǎi de fǎ qì﹐ shèn zhì yǐ mù jiàn dài dāo jiàn﹐ yòng huāng dàn wú jī de xié shuō qǔ dài liàn wǔ﹐ zhì shǐ wǔ yì tíng zhì bù qián。
　　 suí táng wǔ dài shí qī﹐ suí zhù fēng jiàn shè huì jīng jì de fā zhǎn hé fán róng﹐ wǔ shù chóngxīn xīng qǐ﹐ táng cháo kāi shǐ shí xíng wǔ jǔ zhì﹐ bìng yòng kǎo shì bàn fǎ shòu yǔ wǔ yì chū zhòng zhě yǐ xiāng yìng chēng hào﹐ rú“ měng yīn zhī shì”﹑“ jiáo jié zhī shì”﹑“ jì shù zhī shì”﹑“ jí zú zhī shì”﹐ huò dé měi gè chēng hào dōuyòu jù tǐ biāo zhǔn。 rú“ měng yīn zhī shì” yào“ yòu yǐn wǔ shí zhī gōng﹐ shǐ guàn wǔ zhā﹐ gē máo jiàn jǐ biàn yú lì yòng……” (《 wǔ bèi zhì‧ tài bái yīn jīng‧ xuǎn shì piān dì shí liù》 )。 zhè yī tōng guò kǎo shì xuǎn bá rén cái de zhì dù﹐ cù jìn liǎo shè huì shàng de liàn wǔ huó dòng。
　　 suí zhù bù qí zhàn de fā zhǎn﹐ zài zhàn chǎng shàng﹐ gē﹑ jǐ zhú jiàn bèi táo tài﹐ jiàn zuò wéi jūn shì jì shù duō bèi dāo suǒ dài tì﹐ dàn zuò wéi tào lù de yǎn liàn réng zài fā zhǎn。
　　 sòng dài chū xiàn liǎo mín jiān liàn wǔ zǔ zhì﹐ jiàn yú jìzǎi de yòu“ jǐn biāo shè” ( shè nǔ )﹑“ yīng lüè shè” ( shǐ bàng )﹑“ juédǐ shè” ( xiàngpū ) děng。 zhè xiē shè tuán yīn lòu jiù jiǎn﹐“ zì zhì guǒ tóu wú rèn qiāng﹑ zhú biāo pái﹑ mù gōng dāo﹑ hāo shǐ děng xí wǔ jì” (《 sòng shǐ》 juàn 191)。 zài chéng shì zhōng﹐ jù《 dòng tíng shí 'èr zhǒng dū chéng jì shèng》 suǒ zài﹐ zài jiē tóu xiàng wěi dǎcháng yǎn wǔ﹐ shí fēn rè nào。 biǎo yǎn de wǔ yì yòu jiǎo dǐ﹑ shǐ quán﹑ tī tuǐ﹑ shǐ bàng﹑ nòng gùn﹑ wǔ dāo qiāng﹑ wǔ jiàn yǐ jí dǎ dàn﹑ shè nǔ děng﹐ duì liàn jiào“ dǎ tào zǐ”﹐ yòu“ qiāng duì pái”﹑“ jiàn duì pái” děng﹐ zhè shí﹐ jí tǐ xiàng mù yě fā zhǎn jiào kuài﹐ lì rú﹐《 dōng jīng mèng huá lù》 juàn 7 zài :“ liǎng rén chū zhèn duì wǔ rú jī cì zhī zhuàng…… chū chǎng fán wǔ qī duì﹐ huò yǐ qiāng duì pái﹑ jiàn duì pái zhī lèi。” dàn duì kàng xìng de gōng fáng jì shù yóu yú shòu liǎo sòng lǐ xué jiā chàng dǎo“ zhù jìng” de yǐng xiǎng﹐ dū zhú jiàn zǒu xiàng shuāi wēi。
　　 yuán dài tǒng zhì zhě duì mín jiān“…… èr shí rén zhī shàng bù xǔ jù zhòng wéi liè” (《 yuán diǎn zhāng》 juàn 3﹐ zhèn jī pín )﹐ lián mín jiān sī cáng wǔ qì yě shǔ fàn zuì。 wǔ yì duō yǐ mì mì jiā chuán de fāng shì mào zhù shēng mìng wēi xiǎn jìn xíng chuán shòu。
　　 míng dài shì wǔ yì dà fā zhǎn de shí qī﹐ chū xiàn liǎo bù tóng fēng gé de jì shù liú pài﹐ quán shù﹑ qì xiè dū dé dào liǎo fā zhǎn﹐ tè bié shì zài lǐ lùn shàng zǒng jié liǎo guò qù de liàn wǔ jīng yàn﹐ jù yòu dài biǎo xìng de zhù zuò yòu《 jì xiào xīn shū》﹑《 wǔ piān》﹑《 gēng yú shèng jì》 děng。 zhè xiē zhù zuò bù tóng chéng dù dì jìzǎi liǎo quán shù﹑ qì xiè de liú pài﹑ yán gé﹑ dòng zuò míng chēng﹑ tè zhǐ﹑ yùn dòng fāng fǎ hé jì shù lǐ lùn děng﹐ yòu de hái fù yòu gē jué jí dòng zuò tú jiě﹐ wéi hòu shì yán jiū wǔ shù tí gōng liǎo zhòng yào yǐ jù。
　　 qīng dài tǒng zhì zhě jìn zhǐ liàn wǔ﹐ mín jiān zé yǐ“ shè”﹑“ guǎn” de mì mì jié shè xíng shì chuán shòu wǔ yì﹐ qí zhōng zhù míng de quán zhǒng﹐ rú tài jí quán﹑ bā guà zhǎng﹑ xíng yì quán﹑ bā jí quán﹑ pī guà quán děng﹐ duō zài qīng dài xíng chéng。
　　 mín guó qī jiān﹐ shè huì shàng cún zài zhù gè zhǒng xíng shì de quán shè﹐ duì chuán bō hé fā zhǎn wǔ shù qǐ liǎo jī jí zuò yòng。
　　 zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó chéng lì hòu﹐ wǔ shù bèi zuò wéi yōu xiù mín zú yí chǎn jiā yǐ jì chéng﹑ zhěng lǐ hé tí gāo﹐ chéng lì liǎo gè jí wǔ shù xié huì﹐ guó jiā shè yòu zhuān mén jī gòu fù zé kāi zhǎn wǔ shù yùn dòng﹐ jiāng wǔ shù liè wéi zhèng shì bǐ sài xiàng mù。 1953 nián﹐ jǔ xíng liǎo dì 1 jiè quán guó mín zú xíng shì tǐ yù biǎo yǎn jìng sài dà huì﹐ jiē zhù yòu jǔ xíng duō cì quán guó xìng wǔ shù bǐ sài huò biǎo yǎn dà huì。 wèile tuī dòng wǔ shù de pǔ jí hé tí gāo﹐ guó jiā zǔ zhì chuàng biān liǎo bǐ sài guī dìng tào lù﹐ biān zhì liǎo qún zhòng wǔ shù huó dòng suǒ xū yào de chū jí tào lù hé jiǎn huà tài jí quán děng﹐ chū bǎn wǔ shù shū jí hé guà tú﹐ pāi shè wǔ shù yǐngpiān hé lù xiàng。 wéi tàn tǎo wǔ shù yùn dòng duàn liàn de jià zhí﹐ hái zǔ zhì yòu guān shēng lǐ de cè dìng hé yán jiū﹐ shǐ qí zhú bù kē xué huà。 cǐ wài﹐ gè tǐ yù xué yuàn﹑ tǐ yù xì xiāng jì shè lì wǔ shù kè hé wǔ shù zhuān yè bān﹐ dà zhōng xiǎo xué yě bǎ wǔ shù liè wéi tǐ yù kè jiào xué nèi róng﹐ qīng shàonián yè yú tǐ xiào yě jiàn lì wǔ shù bān﹐ gè dì wǔ shù xié huì shè lì gè zhǒng xíng shì de wǔ shù fǔ dǎo zhàn﹐ xī yǐn zhù dà pī wǔ shù 'àihào zhě xí wǔ jiàn shēn liáo bìng。
　　【 wǔ shù fēn lèi fāng shì】
　　 wǔ shù fēn lèi yòu yǐ dì qū huàfēn de﹐ yòu yǐ shān mài﹑ hé liú huàfēn de﹐ yòu yǐ xìng shì huò nèi wài jiā huàfēn de﹐ yě yòu 'àn jì shù tè diǎn huàfēn de。 xiàn dài yī bān 'àn qí nèi róng fēn wéi 5 lèi； jīng cháng jiān chí wǔ shù duàn liàn néng yòu xiào dì zēng qiáng tǐ zhì。 wǔ shù zhōng de gè zhǒng quán fǎ﹑ tuǐ fǎ duì bào fā lì jí róu rèn xìng yào qiú jiào gāo﹐ tè bié shì gè guān jié huó dòng fàn wéi jiào dà﹐ duì jī ròu rèn dài dōuyòu hěn hǎo de duàn liàn zuò yòng﹐ wǔ shù bāo hán duō zhǒng nǐngzhuǎn﹑ fǔ yǎng﹑ shōu fàng﹑ zhé dié děng shēn fǎ dòng zuò﹐ yào qiú“ shǒu dào yǎn dào”﹐“ shǒu yǎn xiāng suí”﹐“ bù suí shēn xíng﹑ shēn dào bù dào”﹐ duì xié diào xìng yòu jiào gāo de yào qiú ﹔ zhěng tào dòng zuò wǎng wǎng yóu jǐ shí gè dòng zuò zǔ chéng﹐ bìng zài yī dìng shí jiān nèi wán chéng﹐ suǒ yǐ néng shǐ shēn tǐ gè gè qì guān xì tǒng dé dào quán miàn fā zhǎn。 liàn xí róu hé﹑ huǎn màn﹑ qīng líng de quán shù﹐ rú tài jí quán﹐ qiáng diào yǐ yì yǐn dǎo dòng zuò﹐ pèi hé jūn yún shēn chén de hū xī﹐ kě shǐ zhōu shēn xuè mài liú tōng﹐ shì hé yú màn xìng bìng huàn zhě zuò wéi yī liáo shǒu duàn jiān chí duàn liàn﹐ yòu jiào míng xiǎn de liáo xiào。 duì kàng xìng de sàn shǒu﹑ tuī shǒu﹑ wǔ shù duǎn bīng﹑ wǔ shù cháng bīng děng jìng jì xiàng mù﹐ yùn dòng jī liè﹐ chú néng zēng qiáng tǐ zhì wài﹐ hái néng péi yǎng yǒng gǎn﹑ jī zhì﹑ mǐn jié děng yōu liáng xìng gé。
　　【 wǔ shù gài niàn】
　　 wǔ shù gài niàn， shì rén men rèn shí。 yán jiū wǔ shù de jī běn yǐ jù。 zài màn cháng de lì shǐ jìn chéng zhōng， bù tóng de shí qī duì wǔ shù gài niàn de biǎo dá bù jìn xiāng tóng， tā de nèi hán hé wài yán shì suí zhe shè huì lì shǐ de fā zhǎn hé wǔ shù běn shēn de fā zhǎn 'ér fā zhǎn、 biàn huà de。
　　 cóng lì shǐ shàng kàn， yòu bù shǎo guī shǔ wǔ shù lèi de míng chēng， chūn qiū zhàn guó shí chēng“ jì jī” bīng jì qiǎo yī lèi）； hàn dài chū xiàn liǎo“ wǔ yì” yī cí， bìng yán yòng zhì míng mò： qīng chū yòu jiè yòng nán cháo《 wén xuǎn》 zhōng“ yǎn bì wǔ shù”（ dāng shí fàn zhǐ jūn shì） de“ wǔ shù” yī cí； mín guó shí chēng“ guó shù”： xīn zhōng guó chéng lì hòu réng yán yòng“ wǔ shù” yī cí。
　　 suí zhe lì shǐ de biàn qiān， lěng bīng qì de zhú bù xiāo wáng， zhuān yòng wǔ shù qì xiè de shēng chǎn jí quán xiè tào lù de dà liàng chū xiàn， duì kàng xìng xiàng mù、 wǔ shù jìng sài guī zé de、 zhì dìng， wǔ shù yǐ yǎn huà chéng wéi tǐ yù yùn dòng xiàng mù zhī yī。 wǔ shù de tǐ yù huà shǐ qí nèi róng、 xíng shì jí xùn liàn shǒu duàn děngdōu fā shēng liǎo hěn dà biàn huà， fǎn yìng shì wù běn zhì shǔ xìng de gài niàn yě zài bù duàn biàn huà。 fā zhǎn dào jīn tiān， wǔ lín de jī běn dìng yì kě gài kuò wéi： wǔ shù shì yǐ jì jī wéi zhù yào nèi róng， yǐ tào lù hé bǔ dǒu de yùn dòng xíng shì zhù zhòng nèi wài jiān xiū de zhōng guó chuán tǒng tǐ yù xiàng mù。
　　 cóng zhè yī dìng yì chū fā lái rèn shí wǔ shù。 shǒu xiān， wǔ shù shǔ yú zhōng guó chuán tǒng de jì jī shù。 tā shì yǐ tī、 dǎ、 shuāi、 ná、 jī、 cì děng jì jī dòng zuò wéi zhù yào nèi róng， tōng guò tú shǒu huò jiè zhù yú qì xiè de shēn tǐ yùn dòng biǎo xiàn gōng fáng gé dǒu de néng lì。 wú lùn shì duì kàng xìng de bǔ dǒu yùn dòng， hái shì shì shì xiāng chéng de tào lù yùn dòng， dōushì yǐ zhōng guó chuán tǒng de zhì jī fāng fǎ guó qí jì shù hé xīn de。 jiù rén lèi de shè huì shēng huó lái shuō， jì jī shù bù kě néng shì zhōng guó dú yòu de。 bǐ jiào shì jiè gè dì de jì jī shù， wǔ shù bù jǐn zài jì jī fāng fǎ shàng gèng wéi fēng fù（ zhū rú kuài shuāi fǎ、 qín ná fǎ děng）。 zài yùn dòng xíng shì shàng， jì yòu tào lù de， yě yòu sàn shǒu de， jì shì jié hé de， yòu shì fēn lí de， zhè zhǒng fā zhǎn mó shì， yě jiǒng rán yòu bié yú shì jiè shàng qí tā jì jī shù。 zài yǎn liàn fāng fǎ shàng zhù zhòng nèi wài jiān xiū， yǎn liàn fēng gé shàng yào qiú shén xíng jiān bèi， wú bù fǎn yìng liǎo zhōng guó chuán tǒng de jì jī shù de yùn dòng tè diǎn。
　　 qí cì， wǔ shù shì tǐ yù xiàng mù， tā míng xiǎn qū bié yú shǐ rén zhì shāng zhì cán de shí yòng jì jī jì shù。 tào lù yùn dòng zhōng jìn guǎn bāo hán fēng fù de jì jī fāng fǎ， dàn qí zōng zhǐ shì tōng guò yǎn liàn yǐ tí shāng rén de shēn tǐ sù zhì hé gōng fáng néng lì， jìn xíng gōng lì yǔ jì qiǎo shàng de jiào liàng， zài jì shù yào qiú shàng yǔ shí yòng jì shù yòu yī dìng de qū bié， sàn shǒu yùn dòng de jì shù gù rán gèng jiē jìn yú shí yòng jì nán， dàn yóu yú shòu jìng sài guī zé de guī dìng， yì jiāng qí xiàn zhì zài tǐ yù jìng jì yùn dòng zhī nèi。 zǒng zhī， guī jié wéi yī diǎn， wǔ shù jù yòu míng què de tǐ yù shǔ xìng， tǐ yù shì dāng jīn wǔ shù de zhù yào shè huì zhé xué、 zhōng yī xué、 lún lǐ xué、 bīng xué、 měi xué、 qì gōng děng duō zhǒng chuán tǒng wén huà sī xiǎng hé wén huà guān niàn， zhù zhòng nèi wài jiān xiū， zhū rú zhěng tǐ guān、 yīn yáng biàn huà guān、 xíng shén lùn、 qì lùn、 dòng jìng shuō、 gāng róu shuō děng děng， zhú bù xíng chéng liǎo dú jù mín zú fēng mào de wǔ shù wén huà tǐ xì。 tā nèi hán fēng fù， yù yì shēn， jì jù bèi liǎo rén lèi tǐ yù yùn dòng qiáng shēn jiàn tǐ de gòng tóng tè zhēng， yòu jù yòu dōng fāng wén míng suǒ tè yòu de zhé lǐ xìng、 kē xué xìng hé yì shù xìng， jiào jí zhōng dì tǐ xiàn liǎo zhōng guó rén mín zài tǐ yù lǐng yù zhōng de zhì huì jié jīng。 tā cóng yī gè cè miàn fǎn yìng liǎo dōng fāng de mín zú wén huà guāng cǎi。 yīn cǐ， cóng guǎng yì shàng rèn shí， wǔ shù bù jǐn shì yī gè yùn dòng xiàng mù， ér qiě shì yī xiàng mín zú tǐ yù， shì zhōng guó rén mín cháng qī jī lěi qǐ lái de yī zōng bǎo guì wén huà yí chǎn。
　　【 wǔ shù tè diǎn】
　　 yī。 yù jì jī yú tǐ yù zhī zhōng：
　　 wǔ shù zuì chū zuò wéi jūn shì xùn liàn shǒu duàn , yǔ gǔ dài jūn shì dǒu zhēng jǐn mì xiāng lián， qí jì jī de tè xìng shì xiǎn 'ér yì jiàn de。 zài shí yòng zhōng， qí mùdì zài yú shā shāng、 zhì xiàn duì fāng， tā cháng cháng yǐ zuì yòu xiào de jì jī fāng fǎ， pò shǐ duì fāng shī qù fǎn kàng néng lì。 zhè xiē jì jī shù zhì jīn réng zài jūn duì、 gōng 'ān zhōng bèi cǎi yòng。 wǔ shù zuò wéi tǐ yù yùn dòng， jì shù shàng réng bù shī wéi gōng fáng jì jī de tè xìng， ér shì jiāng jì jī yù yú bó dǒu yǔ tào lù yùn dòng zhī zhōng bó dǒu yùn dòng jí zhōng tǐ xiàn liǎo wǔ shù gōng fáng gé dǒu de tè diǎn， zài jì shù shàng yǔ shí yòng jì jī jī běn shàng shì yī zhì de， dàn shì cóng tǐ yù guān niàn chū fā， tā shòu dào jìng sài guī zé de zhì yuē yǐ bù shāng hài duì fāng wéi yuán zé。 rú zài sàn shǒu zhōng duì wǔ shù zhōng yòu xiē chuán tǒng de shí yòng zhǎo jī fāng fǎ zuò liǎo xiàn zhì， ér qiě yán gé guī dìng liǎo jī dǎ bù wèi hé bǎo hù hù jù， duǎn bīng zhōng shǐ yòng de qì jù yě zuò liǎo xiāng yìng de biàn huà， ér tuī shǒu zé shì zài tè shū jì shù guī dìng xià jìn xíng jìng jì duì kàng de。 yīn cǐ， kě yǐ shuō wǔ shù de bó dǒu yùn dòng jù yòu hěn qiáng de gōng fáng jì jī xìng， dàn yòu yǔ shí yòng jì jī yòu suǒ qū bié。
　　 tào lù yùn dòng shì zhōng guó wǔ shù de yī gè tè yòu de biǎo xiàn xíng shì， bù shǎo dòng zuò zài jì shù guī gé。 yùn dòng fú dù děng fāng miàn yǔ jì jī de yuán xíng dòng zuò yòu suǒ biàn huà， dàn shì dòng zuò fāng fǎ réng rán bǎo liú liǎo jì jī de tè xìng。 jí shǐ yīn lián jié guàn chuàn jí yǎn liàn jì qiǎo shàng de xū yào， chuān chā liǎo yī xiē bù yī dìng jù yòu gōng fáng jì jī yì yì de dòng zuò， rán 'ér jiù zhěng tào jì shù 'ér yán， zhù yào de dòng zuò réng rán shì yǐ tī、 dǎ、 shuāi、 ná、 jī、 cì zhū fǎ wéi zhù， shì tào lù de jì shù hé xīn。 tā de gōng fáng jì jī tè xìng shì tōng guò yī zhāo yī shì lái biǎo xiàn de， huì jí bǎi jiā， tā de jì jī fāng fǎ shì jí qí fēng fù de， zài shè shǒu。 duǎn bīng zhōng bù yí cǎi yòng de jì shù fāng fǎ， zài tào lù yùn dòng zhōng réng yòu suǒ tǐ xiàn。
　　 èr。 nèi wài hé yī， xíng shén jiān bèi de mín zú fēng gé：
　　 jì jiū xíng tǐ guī fàn， yòu qiú jīng shén chuán yì。 nèi wài hé yī de zhěng tǐ guān， shì zhōng guó wǔ shù de yī dà tè sè。 suǒ wèi nèi， zhǐ xīn、 shén。 yì děng xīn zhì huó dòng hé qì zǒng de yùn xíng： suǒ wèi wài， jí shǒu yǎn shēn bù děng xíng tǐ huó dòng。 nèi yǔ wài、 xíng yǔ shén shì xiāng hù lián xì tǒng yī de zhěng tǐ。
　　 wǔ shù“ nèi wài hé yī， xíng shén jiān bèi” de tè diǎn zhù yào tōng guò wǔ shù gōng fǎ hé tóu fǎ lái tǐ xiàn。“ nèi liàn jīng qì shén， wài liàn jīn gǔ pí” shì bèi jiā gè pài liàn gōng de zhǔn zé， rú jí quán zhù zhāng shēn xīn hé xiū， yào qiú“ yǐ xīn xíng qì， yǐ qì yùn shēn”。 xíng yì quán jiǎng jiū“ nèi sān hé， wài sān hé”， shǎo lín quán yě yào qiú jīng、 lì、 qì、 gǔ、 shén nèi wài jiān xiū。 cǐ wài wǔ shù tào lù zài jì shù shàng wǎng wǎng yào qiú bǎ nèi zài jīng qì shén yǔ wài bù xíng tǐ dòng zuò jǐn mì xiāng hé， wán zhěng yī qì， zuò dào” xīn dòng xíng suí”，“ xíng duàn yì lián” , shì duàn qì lián”。 yǐ“ shǒu yǎn shēn fǎ bù， jīng shén qì lì gōng” bā fǎ de biàn huà lái duàn liàn xīn shēn。 zhè yī tè diǎn fǎn yìng liǎo zhōng guó wǔ shù zuò wéi yī zhǒng wén huà xíng shì zài cháng qī de lì shǐ yǎn jìn zhōng bèi shòu zhōng guó gǔ dài zhé xué、 yī xué、 měi xué děng fāng miàn de shèn tòu hé yǐng xiǎng， xíng chéng liǎo dú jù mín zú fēng gé de liàn gōng fāng fǎ hé yùn dòng xíng shì。
　　 sān。 guǎng fàn de shì yìng xìng :
　　 wǔ shù de liàn xí xíng shì、 nèi róng fēng fù duō yàng， yòu jìng jì duì kàng xìng de sàn shǒu、 tuī shǒu、 duǎn bīng， yòu shì hé yǎn liàn de gè zhǒng quán shù、 qì xiè de duì liàn， hái yòu yǔ qí hé shì yìng de gè zhǒng liàn gōng fāng fǎ。 bù tóng de quán zhǒng hé qì xiè yòu bù tóng de dòng zuò jié gòu、 jì shù yào qiú、 yùn dòng fēng gé hé yùn dòng liàng， fēn bié shì yìng rén men bù tóng nián líng、 xìng bié、 tǐ zhì de xū qiú， rén men kě yǐ gēn ?Y zì jǐ de tiáo jiàn hé xīng qù 'àihào jìn xíng xuǎn zé liàn xí， tóng shí tā duì chǎng chí、 qì cái de yào qiú jiào dī， sú chēng“ quán dǎ wò niú zhī dì”， liàn xí zhě kě yǐ gēn jù chǎng dì de dà xiǎo
　　 biàn huà liàn xí nèi róng hé fāng shì， jí shǐ yī shí méi yòu qì xiè yě kě yǐ tú shǒu liàn cān、 liàn gōng。 yī bān lái shuō， shòu shí jiān、 jì jié xiàn zhì yě hěn xiǎo。 jiào zhī bù shǎo tǐ yù yùn dòng xiàng mù， jù yòu gèng wéi guǎng fàn de shì yìng xìng， wǔ shù néng zài guǎng dà mín jiān lì jiǔ xià shuāi， yǔ zhè yī tè diǎn bù wú guān xì lì yòng zhè yī tè diǎn kě wéi xiàn dài qún zhòng xìng tǐ yù huó dòng tí gōng fāng biàn， shǐ wǔ shù jìn yī bù shè huì huà。
　　【 wǔ shù zuò yòng】
　　
　　
　　（ yī） tí gāo sù zhì， jiàn tǐ fáng shēn， wǔ shù tào lù yùn dòng qí dòng zuò bāo hán zhe qū shēn、 huí huán、 píng héng、 tiào yuè、 fān téng、 diē pū děng， rén tǐ gè bù wèi jīhū dōuyào cānyù yùn dòng。
　　 xì tǒng dì jìn xíng wǔ shù xùn liàn， duì rén tǐ sù dù、 lì liàng、 líng qiǎo， nài lì、 róu rèn děng shēn tǐ sù zhì yào qiú jiào gāo， rén tǐ gè bù wèi“ yī dòng wú yòu bù dòng”， jīhū dū cān jiā yùn dòng， shǐ rén de shēn xīn dū dé dào quán xī duàn liàn。 shí jiàn zhèng míng， duì wài néng lì guān jié， qiáng jīn gǔ， zhuàng tǐ bó； duì nèi néng lǐ zàng fǔ， tōng jīng mài， diào jīng shén． wǔ shù yùn dòng jiǎng jiū tiáoxī xíng qì hé yì niàn huó dòng， duì diào jié nèi huán jìng de píng héng， tiáoyǎng qì xuè， gǎi shàn rén tǐ jī néng， jiàn tǐ qiáng shēn shí fēn yòu yì。
　　 wǔ shù tào lù yùn dòng hé bó dǒu yùn dòng， dōushì yǐ jì jī zuò wéi tā de zhōng xīn nèi róng de， zhōu gòng tōng guò wǔ shù duàn liàn， bù jǐn néng gòu dá dào zēng qiáng tǐ zhì de zuò yòng， ér qiě néng gòu xué huì gōng fáng gé dǒu tóu shù， tè bié shì wǔ shù gōng lì xùn liàn， gèng néng fā huī jì jī de shí xiào xìng。
　　 wǔ shù de bó dǒu yùn dòng， tōng guò cì fáng jì shù liàn xí， quán dǎ， jiǎo tī， kuài shuāi děng dòng zuò de yùn yòng， jǐng zài wén zì zhōng hù xiāng yáng cháng bì duǎn， gōng bǐ ruò diǎn、 bì bǐ fēng máng， jiǎng jiū dé jī， dé shí、 dé shì， cóng 'ér tí gāo pàn duàn lì hèyìng biàn néng lì。 zhè wú yí néng tí gāo rén men kè dí zhì shèng hé fáng shēn zì wèi de néng lì。 yóu qí duì gōng 'ān wǔ jǐng hé biān fáng zhǐ zhàn yuán gèng yòu shí jì yì yì hé zuò yòng。
　　（ èr） duàn liàn yì zhì， péi yǎng pǐn dé， liàn wǔ duì yì zhì pǐn zhì kǎo yàn shì duō miàn de。 liàn xí jī běn gōng， yào bù duàn kè fú téng tòng guān， mó liàn“ dōng liàn sān jiǔ、 xià liàn sān fú”， cháng nián yòu héng， jiān chí bù xiè de yì zhì pǐn zhì。 tào lù liàn xí， yào kè fú kū zào guān， péi yǎng kè kǔ nài láo， dǐ lì jīng jìn， yǒng bù zì mǎn de pǐn zhì。 yù dào qiáng shǒu kè fú xiāo jí táo bì guān， duàn liàn yǒng gǎn wú wèi、 jiān rèn bù qū de zhàn dǒu yì zhì。 jīng guò cháng qī duàn liàn、 kě yǐ péi yǎng rén men qín fèn、 kè kǔ、 guǒ gǎn、 wán qiáng、 xū xīn hàoxué、 yǒng yú jìn qǔ de liáng hǎo xí xìng hé yì zhì pǐn dé。
　　“ jiào wǔ yù rén” guàn chè zài wǔ shù jiào xí quán guò chéng zhōng，“ wèi céng xí wǔ xiān xué lǐ， fū céng xí wǔ xiān xí dé”， chuán tǒng zhōng shǐ zhōng bǎ wǔ dé liè wéi xí wǔ jiào wǔ de xiān jué tiáo jiàn。 wǔ shù zài zhōng guó jǐ qiān nián mián yán de lì shǐ zhōng， yī xiàng zhòng lǐ yí， jiàn dào dé，“ shàng wǔ chóng dé”。 zhū rú zūn shī 'ài yǒu， bāo hán liǎo shēn kè guǎng fàn de dào dé nèi róng， hù jiào hù xué， yǐ wǔ huì yǒu， qiē cuō jì yì， jiǎng lǐ shǒu xìn， jiàn yì yǒng wéi： bù líng ruò chěng qiáng děng pǐn dé。 jī liè de gōng fáng jì shù hé rén shēng xiū xíng jié hé qǐ lái， shì zhōng guó wǔ shù chuán tǒng dào dé guān niàn de tǐ xiàn。 zài shè huì de fā zhǎn zhōng， wǔ dé de biāo zhǔn hé guī fàn yě bù jìn xiāng tóng， shàng wǔ 'ér chóng dé bù jǐn néng hěn hǎo dì táo yě zēng cāo， hái huì dà dà yòu yì yú shè huì jīng shén wén míng jiàn shè。
　　（ sān） jìng jì guān shǎng， fēng fù shēng huó wǔ shù jù yòu gēn gāo de guān shǎng jià zhí， wú lùn shì tào lù biǎo yǎn， hái shì sàn shǒu bǐ sài， lì lái wéi rén men xǐ wén lè jiàn。 táng dài dà shī rén lǐ bái hǎo yǒu cuī zōng zì zàn tā” qǐ wǔ fú cháng jiàn， sì zuò jiē yáng méi” dù fǔ zài《 guān gōng sūn dà niàn dì zǐ wǔ jiàn qì xíng》 zhù míng shī piān zhōng yòu“ xī yòu jiā rén gōng sūn shì， yī wǔ jiàn qì dòng sì fāng。 guān zhě rú shān sè jù sàng， tiān dì wéi zhī jiǔ dī 'áng” de miáo huì。 hàn dài dǎlèi tái，“ sān bǎi lǐ nèi jiē lái guān”。 dōushuō míng wú lùn shì xiǎn xiàn wǔ shù gōng lì yǔ jì qiǎo de jìng sài biǎo yǎn tào lù， hái shì dǒu zhì jiào yǒng de duì kàng xìng sàn shǒu bǐ sài， dū huì yǐn rén rù shèng， gěi rén yǐ měi de xiǎng shòu， dū jù yòu gēn gāo de guān shǎng jià zhí。 tōng guò guān shǎng， gěi rén yǐ qǐ dí jiào yù hé lè qù。
　　（ sì） jiāo liú jì yì， zēng jìn yǒu yì： wǔ shù yùn dòng yùn hán fēng fù， jì lǐ xiāng tōng， rù mén zhī hòu huì yòu“ yì wú zhǐ jìng” zhī gǎn。 qún zhòng xìng de wǔ shù huó dòng， biàn chéng wéi rén men qiē cuō jì yì， jiāo liú sī xiǎng， zēng jìn yǒu yì de liáng hǎo shǒu duàn。 suí zhe wǔ shù zài shì jiè guǎng fàn chuán bō， hái kě cù jìn yǔ guó wài wǔ shù 'àihào zhě de jiāo liú。 xǔ duō guó jiā wǔ shù 'àihào zhě xǐ 'ài wǔ shù tào lù， yě xǐ 'ài wǔ shù sàn shǒu， tā men tōng guò liàn wǔ liǎo jiě rèn shí zhōng guó wén huà， tàn qiú dōng fāng de wén míng。 wǔ shù tōng guò tǐ yù jìng jì、 wén huà jiāo liú děng tú jìng， zài yǔ shì jiè gè guó rén mín yǒu hǎo jiāo wǎng zhōng fā huī zhe yuè lái yuè dà de zuò yòng。
　　【 wǔ shù nèi róng】
　　（ duì liàn）
　　 duì liàn shì liǎng rén huò liǎng rén yǐ shàng， àn zhào yù dìng de chéng xù jìn xíng de gōng fáng gé dǒu tào lù。 qí zhōng bāo kuò tú shǒu duì liàn， qì xiè duì liàn， tú shǒu yǔ qì xiè duì liàn děng sān zhǒng liàn fǎ。
　　（ yī） tú shǒu duì liàn： shì yùn yòng tī、 dǎ、 shuāi、 ná děng fāng fǎ， àn zhào jìn gōng、 fáng shǒu、 hái jī de yùn dòng guī lǜ biān chéng de quán shù duì liàn tào lù， yòu shí dǎ quán、 duì qín ná、 nán quán duì liàn、 xíng yì quán duì liàn děng。
　　（ èr） qì xiè duì liàn， shì yǐ qì xiè de pī、 kǎn、 jī， cì děng jì jī fāng fǎ zǔ chéng de duì liàn tào lù， zhù yào yòu cháng qì xiè duì liàn、 duǎn qì xiè duì liàn、 cháng yǔ duǎn duì liàn、 dān yǔ shuāng duì liàn、 dān yǔ ruǎn duì liàn、 shuāng yǔ ruǎn duì liàn děng duō zhǒng xíng shì， cháng jiàn de yòu dān dāo jìn qiāng、 sān jié gùn jìn gùn。 shuāng bǐ shǒu jìn qiāng、 duì cì jiàn děng。
　　（ sān） tú shǒu yǔ qì xiè duì liàn， shì yī fāng fǎ shǒu， lìng yī fāng chí qì xiè jìn xíng de gōng fáng duì liàn tào lù， rú kōng shǒu duó dāo、 kōng shǒu duó gùn、 kōng shǒu jìn shuāng qiāng děng。
　　（ jí tǐ yǎn liàn）
　　 jí tǐ yǎn liàn shì jí tǐ jìn xíng de tú shǒu、 qì xiè huò néng shǒu yǔ qì xiè de yǎn liàn。 zài jìng sài zhōng tōng cháng yào qiú liù rén yǐ shàng， kě biàn huàn duì xíng， tú 'àn， yě kě yòng yīnyuè bàn zòu， yào qiú duì xíng zhěng qí、 dòng zuò xié diào yī zhì。
　　 bó dǒu yùn dòng， shì liǎng rén zài yī dìng tiáo jiàn xià， àn zhào yī dìng de guī zé jìn xíng dǒu zhì jiào lì de duì kàng liàn xí xíng shì。 mù qián wǔ shù jìng sài zhōng zhèng zài suì bù kāi zhǎn de yòu sàn shǒu、 tuī shǒu、 duǎn bīng sān xiàng。
　　（ yī） sàn shǒu， shì liǎng rén 'àn zhào yī dìng de guī zé shǐ yòng tī、 dǎ、 shuāi。 ná děng fāng fǎ zhì shèng duì fāng de jìng jì xiàng mù。
　　（ èr） tuī shǒu shì liǎng rén zūn zhào yī dìng de guī zé， shǐ yòng péng、 bān、 jǐ、 àn、 cǎi、 lì、 zhǒu、 kào děng shǒu fǎ， shuāng fāng zhānlián nián suí， tōng guò jī ròu de gǎn jué lái pàn duàn duì fāng de yòng jìn， rán hòu jiè jìn fā jìn jiāng duì fāng tuī chū， yǐ cǐ jué dìng shèng fù de jìng zhī xiàng mù。
　　（ sān） duǎn bīng： shì liǎng rén shǒu chí yī zhǒng yòng téng、 pí、 mián zhì zuò de duǎn bàng shìde qì xiè， zài 16 shì chǐ zhí jìng de yuán xíng chǎng dì nèi， àn zhào yī dìng de guī zé。 shǐ yòng pī、 kǎn、 cì、 bēng、 diǎn、 zhǎn děng fāng fǎ jìn xíng jué shèng fù de jìng jì xiàng mù。
　　【 zhōng guó wǔ shù mén pài】
　　 zhōng guó wǔ shù mén pài、 tào lù zhòng duō， wèi wéi dà guān。 rén mín tǐ yù chū bǎn shè 1985 nián chū bǎn de xí yún tài《 zhōng guó wǔ shù shǐ》， quán zhǒng bù fēn yòu 46 jié jì 75 zhǒng、 qì xiè bù fēn yòu 27 jié， kě jiàn qí zhòng duō fēn fán。 shì shí shàng， zài wǒ men shàng miàn tán dào de shǎo lín、 wǔ dāng、 é méi、 nán quán sì dà pài nèi bù， yòu yòu xǔ duō zhī pài， gè zhī pài zhōng mǒu yī tào lù rú yòu xiǎn zhù tè sè， yòu kě néng fā zhǎn wéi xīn de zhī pài。 zài sì dà pài zhī wài， yòu shù liàng gèng duō de jiào xiǎo yī xiē de pài bié， yóu rú mǎn tiān fán xīng， xíng chéng liǎo zhōng guó wǔ shù wén huà de dà guān。
　　 cóng yòu zǔ zhì、 yòu jī gòu de jiǎo dù lái shuō， wǔ lín jí tuán biǎo xiàn wéi mén pài； cóng wǔ shù de shī chéng、 tè diǎn de jiǎo dù lái shuō， wǔ lín jí tuán biǎo xiàn wéi xué zhǒng jí tào lù。
　　 mén pài yòu gèng qiáng de shè huì xìng， quán zhǒng、 tào lù yòu gèng qiáng de jì yì xìng。 zhè liǎng gè cóng bù tóng jiǎo dù guī nà chū lái de wǔ lín jí tuán gài niàn， xiāng hù bāo róng、 xiāng hù jiāo chā 'ér cún zài。
　　 xià miàn， wǒ men jiāng gēn jù《 wǔ lín》 1989 nián dì 10 qī wàn yuè《 quán shù tào lù chū tàn》 děng， cóng quán shù mìng míng de jiǎo dù liè chū yòu guān de quán zhǒng tào lù， yǐ jiàn zhōng huá wǔ shù fēn fán hào hàn zhī yī bān。
　　“ yǐ fó shèng dào xiān、 shén zhī guǐ guài mìng míng de yī shén quán、 èr láng quán、 wéi duǒ quán、 dà shèng quán、 bā xiān quán、 tiān luó quán、 dì shā quán、 liù xīng quán、 nǎ chà quán、 jīn gāng quán、 guān yīn quán、 fó hàn quán、 fó jiào quán、 luó hàn quán、 jīn gāng chuí。 èrshíbāxiù quán、 sì xiān duì dǎ quán、 qī xīng fǎng yǒu quán、 luó hàn táng láng quán、 yè chā xún hǎi quán、 jīn gāng sān mèi zhǎng、 yè chā tiě shā zhǎng děng。
　　 yǐ“ mén” mìng míng de héng héng yú mén quán、 yìng mén quán、 fǎ mén quán、 kōng mén quán、 hóng mén quán、 yú mén quán、 kǒng mén quán、 fēng mén quán、 shuǐ mén quán、 huǒ mén quán、 niǎo mén quán、 fó mén quán、 zhǎi mén quán、 zì mén quán、 sūn mén quán、 yán mén quán。 xióng mén quán、 zì rán mén quán、 yǐn xīn mén quán、 luó hàn mén quán、 mó pán mén quán、 shuǐ hǔ mén quán děng。
　　 yǐ xìng shì mìng míng de héng héng liú jiā quán、 cài jiā quán、 lǐ jiā quán、 mò jiā quán、 wū jiā quán、 xuē jiā quán、 yuè jiā quán、 zhào jiā quán、 dù jiā quán、 zhōu jiā quán、 qí jiā quán、 wēn jiā quán、 sūn jiā quán、 zōu jiā quán、 gāo jiā quán、 qī jiā quán、 hóng fó quán、 yuè jiā jiào、 zhōng jiā jiào、 diāo jiā jiào、 lǐ jiā jiào、 zhū jiā jiào、 cài lǐ fó quán、 yuè shì lián quán、 luó jiā sān zhǎn、 yáng jiā duǎn dǎ、 hú shì chuō jiǎo、 hǎo shì chuō jiǎo、 chén shì tài jí quán、 yáng shì tài jí quán、 wǔ shì tài jí quán、 sūn shì tài jí quán、 wú shì tài jí quán、 lín shì xià shān quán、 wǔ shì shí bā jì děng。
　　 yǐ rén míng mìng míng de héng héng yàn qīng quán、 tài zǔ quán、 sūn bìn quán、 wǔ zǔ quán、 sòng jiāng quán、 bái méi quán、 zhū niàn quán、 chún yáng quán、 dá mó quán、 xuán nǚ quán、 wǔ hóu quán、 wǔ láng quán、 wén shèng quán、 nán zhī quán、 yǒng chūn quán、 yuè wáng chuí、 wǔ zǐ mén quán、 zǐ lóng pào quán、 tài zǔ sàn zhǎng、 sān huáng pào chuí、 kǒng lǎng bài dēng quán、 liú táng xià shū quán、 wǔ sōng tuō kào quán、 wǔ sōng dú bì quán、 shén xíng tài bǎo quán、 yàn qīng qiǎo dǎ quán、 dá mó diǎn xué quán、 tài bái chū shān quán、 gān fèng chí quán fǎ、 huáng xiào xiá quán fǎ、 yàn qīng shí bā fān、 luó wáng shí bā zhǎng、 dá mó shí bā shǒu、 sūn 'èr niàn dà zhàn quán、 wǔ sōng yuān yāng tuǐ quán děng。 yǐ dì míng mìng míng de héng héng tán tuǐ（ shān dōng lín qīng lóng tán sì）、 shǎo lín quán、 wǔ dāng quán、 é méi quán、 kōng dòng quán（ fēn wǔ dà mén： fēi lóng mén、 zhuī hún mén、 duó mìng mén、 zuì mén、 shén quán mén）、 méi shān quán、 líng shān quán、 kūn lún quán、 guān dōng quán、 guān xī quán、 lóng mén quán、 dēng zhōu quán、 dōng 'ān quán、 shí tóu quán、 shuǐ yóu quán、 xī liáng zhǎng、 tài xíng yì quán、 hóng dòng tōng bèi quán děng。
　　 yǐ dòng wù mìng míng de yī yī lóng quán、 shé quán、 hǔ quán、 bào quán、 hè quán、 shī quán、 xiàng quán、 mǎ quán、 hóu quán、 biāo quán、 gǒu quán、 jī quán、 yā quán、 lóng xíng quán、 lóng zhuāng quán、 lóng huà quán、 xíng lóng quán、 fēi lóng quán、 huǒ lóng quán、 qīng lóng quán、 fēi lóng cháng quán、 qīng lóng chū hǎi quán、 dú shé tù xìn quán、 hǔ xíng quán、 hēi hǔ quán、 qīng hǔ quán、 bái hǔ quán、 è hǔ quán、 měng hǔ quán、 fēi hǔ quán、 fú hǔ quán、 wǔ xū quán、 bā hǔ quán、 hǔ xiào quán、 huí tóu hǔ quán、 cè miàn hǔ quán、 chē mǎ hǔ quán、 yǐn shān hǔ quán、 wǔ hǔ qún yáng quán、 gōng zì fú hǔ quán、 hǔ bào quán、 hǔ hè shuāng xíng quán、 bái hè quán、 zōng hè quán、 míng hè quán、 fēi hè quán、 shí hè quán、 bǎo hè quán、 è hè quán、 wǔ zǔ hè yáng quán、 yǒng chūn bái hè quán、 dú jiǎo fēi hè quán、 shī xíng quán、 jīn shī quán、 shī hǔ quán、 èr shī bào qiú quán、 yuán gōng quán、 yuán xíng quán、 yuán róu fú dì quán、 bái yuán duǎn bì quán、 bái yuán tōu táo quán、 jī xíng quán、 yā xíng quán、 yīng zhǎo quán、 lǎo yīng quán、 yán yīng quán、 diāo quán、 yào zǐ quán、 yào zǐ cháng quán、 yàn xíng quán、 dà yàn zhǎng、 hú dié zhǎng、 guī niú quán、 páng xiè quán、 huī láng quán、 huáng yīng jià zǐ、 yuān yāng quán、 táng láng quán、 yìng táng láng quán、 mì mén táng láng quán、 bā bù táng láng quán、 méi huā táng láng quán、 qī xīng táng láng quán、 shuāi shǒu táng láng quán、 liù hé táng láng quán、 guāng bǎn huáng láng quán、 yù huán táng láng quán děng。
　　 yǐ rì cháng zá wù mìng míng de héng héng jīn quán、 shàn quán、 sǎn quán、 huā quán、 chuán quán、 zhōng quán、 bǎn dèng quán、 guà zǐ quán、 yún zhǒu quán、 tuō gù quán、 bǎi huā quán、 méi huā quán、 lián huā quán、 luó xuán quán、 shān mén quán、 bái yù quán、 tānɡ píng quán、 zhān yī quán、 yī shān mǔ quán、 sān zhàn tiě shàn quán、 sān shí liù hé suǒ děng。
　　 yǐ shǒu fǎ mìng míng de héng héng chā quán， jié quán、 guà quán、 dǎng quán、 zhā quán、 tào quán、 chuān quán、 sī quán、 fān quán、 pào quán、 zhào zhǎng、 jiàn shǒu、 duǎn shǒu、 wǔ shǒu quán、 yìng shǒu quán、 niē shǒu quán、 hé shǒu quán、 fēng shǒu quán、 liàn shǒu quán、 lán shǒu quán、 pī guà quán、 liào dǎng quán、 zhuàng dǎ quán、 tōng bì quán、 shā shǒu zhǎng、 fǎn bì zhǎng、 zì shǒu、 shí zì shǒu、 pái zǐ shǒu、 wàn gǔ shǒu、 huáng yīng shǒu、 bā hēi shǒu、 jǐn bā shǒu、 zhào yáng shǒu、 jīn qiāng shǒu、 tiān gāng shǒu、 dì shā shǒu、 sì mén zhòng shǒu、 fēn shǒu bā kuài、 yǎo shǒu liù hé quán、 gài shǒu liù hé quán， jiǔ gōng qín diē shǒu、 luó hàn shí bā shǒu、 èr shí sì pò shǒu、 sān shí liù bì shǒu、 qī shí 'èr chā shǒu、 sān shí liù kàn duì shǒu děng。
　　 yǐ bù fǎ、 tuǐ fǎ mìng míng de héng héng dàn tuǐ、 àn tuǐ、 chuō tuǐ、 jié tuǐ、 lián tuǐ、 chuō jiǎo、 sì bù quán、 liù bù quán、 bā bù quán、 liàn bù huàn、 chuān bù quán、 shùn bù chuí、 yāo bù chuí、 dǎng bù chuí、 yǒng bù chuí、 luàn bā bù、 sān bù jià、 wǔ bù dǎ、 bā bù zhuǎn、 jué zǐ tuǐ、 liù jiǎo shì、 shí 'èr bù jià、 liù bù sàn shǒu、 shí zì tuǐ quán、 liù jiǎo jià zǐ、 lián huán yuān yāng bù、 lù bù méi huā zhuāng、 bā bù lián huán quán、 jiǔ gōng shí bā tuǐ、 shǎo lín 'èr shí bā bù， jìn bù yuān yāng lián huán tuǐ děng。
　　 dì tǎng quán lèi héng héng dì tǎng quán、 dì xíng quán、 dì gōng chuō jiǎo， dì gōng fān zǐ、 dì gōng luó hàn quán、 huó fǎ huáng lóng quán、 dì tǎng bā xiān quán、 jīn gāng dì tǎng quán、 shǎo lín dì lóng quán、 dì gōng yuān yāng quán、 fēi lóng dì tǎng quán、 jiǔ gǔn shí bā diē děng。
　　 zuì quán lèi héng héng bā xiān zuì、 shuǐ yóu zuì、 zuì liù dǎng、 zuì bā xiān quán、 zuì luó hàn quán、 wén bā xiān quán、 wǔ bā xiān quán、 dà bā xiān quán、 hùn bā xiān quán、 qīng bā xiān quán、 shǎo lín zuì quán、 xíng shì bā xiān quán、 luó hàn zuì jiǔ quán、 tài zì zuì jiǔ quán、 wǔ sōng zuì diē quán、 yàn qīng zuì diē quán、 shí xiù zuì jiǔ quán、 lǔ zhì shēn zuì dǎ shān mén quán děng。
　　 diē dǎ quán lèi héng héng diē pū quán、 zhān diē quán、 zhān yī shí bā diē、 wǔ sōng hùn dǎ quán、 wǔ sōng tuō kào quán、 shuǐ hǔ lián huán quán děng。
　　 cǐ wài， gè dì de zhù míng quán zhǒng hái yòu： xíng yì quán（ xīn yì liù hé quán）、 dà chéng quán（ yì quán）、 bā guà quán、 bā guà zhǎng、 bā jí quán、 liù hé quán、 chá quán、 huá quán、 hóng quán、 jié quán、 mián zhǎng、 mián quán、 tài xū quán、 èr láng quán、 dà bēi quán、 gōng lì quán、 shí tóu quán、 lián chéng quán、 liǎng yí quán（ tài jí kuài quán）、 dú bì quán、 fēng quán、 mái fú quán、 mí zōng quán、 miǎn quán、 chán sī quán、 cuō jiāo quán、 xī yáng zhǎng děng。
　　 zhù míng de qì xiè tào lù yòu： bā mén jīn suǒ dāo、 bā guà dāo、 bā guà dà qiāng、 jiǔ zhōu gùn、 liù hé dāo、 liù hé qiāng、 liù hé jiàn、 liù hé gùn、 rì yuè qián kūn dāo、 rì yuè qián kūn juàn、 shǎo lín shuāng dāo shí bā gǔn、 tài jí dāo、 tài jí jiàn、 hé zhōu gùn、 yuè yá qiāng、 dá mó zhàng、 dá mó gùn、 chún yáng jiàn、 bā xiān chún yáng jiàn、 wǔ dāng jiàn、 qīng píng jiàn、 yuán shì qīng píng jiàn、 yáng shì qīng píng jiàn、 jiǎ shì qīng píng jiàn、 méi huā dāo、 méi huā qiāng děng。
　　 cóng zhè xiē wǔ lín mén pài、 quán zhǒng、 tào lù zhōng， duì zhào xiá wén huà de wǔ gōng zhuī qiú， yòu liǎng gè yì yì， yī shì cóng zhōng kě yǐ kàn dào xiá wén huà wǔ gōng de lì shǐ hé xiàn shí zhōng de yuán tóu； èr shì kě yǐ kàn dào xiá wén huà wǔ gōng zhōng de xiǎng xiàng chéngfèn jí qí yǔ xiàn shí de chā jù。 liǎo jiě zhè xiē， xiāng xìn duì yú xiá wén huà wǔ gōng de jìn yī bù lǐ jiě hé jiàn shǎng， jiāng shì yòu xiē yì yì hé jià zhí de。
　　【 wǔ shù yǔ《 yì jīng》】
　　 zhōng guó wǔ shù yǔ gǔ diǎn wén xué， shì tóng gēn tóng yuán de gòng shēng guān xì， shì zhōng huá chuán tǒng wén huà de shuāng bì， kān chēng shuāng zǐ xīng zuò， tóng yàng huī huáng， tóng yàng càn làn。 shāo jiā liú yì， jiù huì fā xiàn， zhōng guó wǔ shù de làn shāng， zhèng shì zhōng guó gǔ diǎn wén xué de fā rèn； wén shì yǔ wǔ bèi zhì shǎo zài liǎng sān qiān nián yǐ qián， jiù xiàng shì yī duì luán shēng xiōng dì xié shǒu 'ér xíng； wǔ qiāng nòng bàng yǔ yín shī zuò fù， hěn zǎo jiù shì bèi wǒ men xiān mín suǒ kàn zhòng de wén huà xiū yǎng de liǎng gè fāng miàn。 lì shǐ zhōng， yòu wú shù de wǔ shù jiā běn shēn jiù shì wén xué jiā， ér xǔ xǔ duō duō wén xué zuò pǐn zhōng yě yáng yì zhe wǔ shù de fēng cǎi。 zhè zài shì jiè wén huà shǐ shàng shàng wú xiān lì， kě yǐ shuō shì zhōng huá mín zú dú yòu de wén huà xiàn xiàng。
　　 yī bān lái shuō， rén men hěn shǎo bǎ wǔ shù yǔ gǔ diǎn wén xué ná dào yī kuài 'ér lái tán lùn， yóu qí shì zài xué shù tǎo lùn huì shàng； ér wǒ men yě hěn shǎo zài gè zhǒng chū bǎn wù shàng， kàn dào wǔ shù yǔ gǔ diǎn wén xué liǎng zhě xiāng hù shèn tòu、 xiāng dé yì zhāng de tàn tǎo yǔ lùn shù。 yóu qí zài wǔ shù yǔ gǔ diǎn wén xué lián shǒu hé zuò， xiàng shì pèi hé mò qì de liǎng gè tiě jiàng yī yàng， jīng guò liǎo shù qiān nián de jiā wēn、 cuì huǒ， gòng tóng duàn zào liǎo zhōng guó rén de lǐ xiǎng rén gé hé wán shàn de mín zú xìng gé zhè yī diǎn shàng， hái méi yòu rén fā xiàn、 zhì shǎo shì méi yòu rén míng què dì jiā yǐ chǎn shì。 dāng wǒ jīng qí dì fā xiàn zhè yī diǎn shí， wǒ duì wǔ shù yǔ gǔ diǎn wén xué de jìng yì yóu rán 'ér shēng。 hèn bù dé zài 45 suì de shí hòu， kāi shǐ wén jī qǐ wǔ， záo bì tōu guāng。
　　《 yì jīng》 dàn shēng zuì zǎo de wǔ shù guān niàn。
　　 xiān qín shí dài de sì shū wǔ jīng， dōushì hěn hǎo de gǔ dài sǎnwén， wán quán kě yǐ dāng zuò wén xué dú běn lái xīn shǎng。《 yì jīng》 kāi piān jiù yòu yī jù dǐng dǐng yòu míng de gé yán： " tiān xíng jiàn， jūn zǐ yǐ zì qiáng bù xī。 " fān chéng bái huà wén， shì " tiān tǐ de yùn xíng gāng jiàn bù chuò， jūn zǐ yě yìng zì qiáng bù xī。 " zhè jù huà， zěn me kàn zěn me xiàng shì yī wèi wǔ shù jiā duì yī wèi xí wǔ zhī rén shuō de huà。 rú guǒ yī gè duì zhōng guó wǔ shù qíng yòu dú zhōng de wài guó rén， wèn shénme shì zhōng huá wǔ shù de jīng shén， wǒ men wán quán kě yǐ gào sù tā《 yì jīng》 dì yī yè dì yī duàn de zhè gè jié jù。 " jiàn "， shì yī gè tè bié zhí dé zhù yì de zì。 tā běn shēn yòu liǎng gè yì sī： yī gè shì " gāng qiáng "， lìng yī gè shì " kāng qiáng "， qián zhě zhǐ xìng gé hé jīng shén de jiān qiáng， hòu zhě zhǐ shēn tǐ hé tǐ zhì de jiàn kāng。 jiā shàng gè " ér " zì --- jiàn 'ér， jiù chéng liǎo jūn zú、 zhuàng shì hé jiàn kè， jiàn kè jiù shì wǔ shù jiā。 gǔ lè fǔ zhōng yòu " jiàn 'ér xū kuài mǎ， kuài mǎ xū jiàn 'ér " de shī jù。
　　《 yì jīng》 zhōng， míng què dì tán dào wǔ shù de， yòu " jūn zǐ yǐ chú róng qì， jiè bù yú " zhī jù， shuō de shì " jūn zǐ yìng zhěng zhì bīng qì， yǐ fáng bù cè "。 zhè hé xiàn dài rén xí wǔ wéi jiàn shēn、 fáng shēn de guān niàn fēi cháng yī zhì。 qí zhōng， " lì wǔ rén zhī zhēn " zhōng de " wǔ rén "--- zé shì wǔ shù jiā zài gǔ jí zhōng de zhí jiē " liàng xiāng "。 " gāng jiàn zhōng zhèng " shuō de shì zuò rén， yě shì liàn wǔ。 suǒ wèi " lì tiān zhī dào， yuē yīn yǔ yáng； lì dì zhī dào， yuē róu yǔ gāng； lì rén zhī dào， yuē rén yǔ yì "， yǐ jí duì yǔ zhòu yǔ rén shēng guī lǜ de lùn shù bāo kuò bā guà gài niàn díquè lì， dōuduì hòu shì de wǔ shù fā zhǎn qǐ dào jù dà 'ér shēn kè de yǐng xiǎng。
　　“ yī yīn yī yáng zhī wèi dào。 zhī hū wàn wù 'ér dào jì tiān xià。 zài tiān chéng xiàng， zài dì chéng xíng， biàn huà jiàn yǐ。 shì gù gāng róu xiāng mó， bā guà xiāng dàng。” héng héng nǐ bǎ《 yì jīng》 zhōng de zhè xiē lǐ niàn， shuō gěi xiàn zài bā guà tài jí quán hé bā guà zhǎng quán shī， dū xiàng shì zài shuō tā men xíng nèi de huà。
　　【 wǔ shù rù mén】
　　 àihào zhōng huá wǔ shù de péng yǒu duō kǔ rù mén nán mì lù。 wǒ men tóng yàng zhī dào zhōng huá wǔ shù bàng mén shèn duō。 gēn jù wǒ men de tǐ wù， jiè shào cháng shí yī 'èr， qǐng biàn tōng liǎo jiě， líng huó yùn yòng。
　　 yī . liǎo jiě zì wǒ、 tǐ yàn shēng huó
　　 wǒ men rén lèi zì shēn shì yī zhǒng tè shū de shēng wù cái liào， yòu zhì liàng、 zhòng liàng， yòu tǐ jī、 xíng zhuàng， yòu jié gòu、 xìng néng， yòu qiáng dù、 huó xìng； wǒ men rén lèi zì shēn shì yī zuò chāo jí de gōng chǎng， yòu yuán cái liào， yòu chǎn chéng pǐn， yòu shè jì guī fàn， yòu gōng yì liú chéng， yòu fēn gōng míng què de gǎng wèi， yòu xié zuò yú kuài de tuán duì； wǒ men rén lèi zì shēn shì yī gè wēi xíng de guó jiā， yòu zhèng fǔ、 jūn duì， yòu mín zhòng、 dǎng pài， yòu shēng chǎn、 liú tōng， yòu fēn pèi、 xiāo fèi， yòu wén huà yú lè， yòu jīng jì bō dòng， yòu nèi yōu wài huàn， yòu tiān zāi rén huò， yòu xīng shuāi， yòu shùn nì。 zǒng zhī， wǒ men rén lèi shì yǔ zhòu de quán xī mó xíng。 yóu rèn shí rén lèi zì shēn， jiù kě rèn shí yǔ zhòu； bì rèn shí yǔ zhòu， fāng néng rèn shí rén lèi zì shēn。
　　 wǒ men de shēn tǐ：
　　 wǒ men de shēn tǐ yòu tóu lú、 qūgàn、 sì zhī， yòu máo fā、 pí fū、 xuè ròu、 gǔ gé、 nèi zàng、 shén jīng、 gǎn guān， yòu xīn、 fèi、 wèi、 cháng、 gān、 dǎn、 pí、 shèn， yòu yǎn jīng、 ěr、 bí、 shé， yòu nǎo hé jǐ suǐ。 cóng qián yòu xǔ duō rén fēn bù qīng xīn hé nǎo， xiàn zài qíng kuàng hǎo duō liǎo。 wǒ men de shēn tǐ shì fù zá biàn huà de wǔ tái。 hū xī、 xún huán、 xiāo huà、 pái xiè、 yùn dòng、 dài xiè、 miǎn yì、 tiáojié děng guò chéng gòng tóng gòu chéng wǒ men de rén tǐ xiàn xiàng shì jiè。
　　 wǒ men de tóu nǎo：
　　 wǒ men de tóu nǎo shì xīn lǐ huó dòng de chǎng suǒ。 shén jīng xì tǒng de gōng néng jìn huà shǐ wǒ men rén lèi yòu kě néng rèn shí shì jiè、 gǎi zào shì jiè。
　　 wǒ men de tóu nǎo néng gòu sī wéi、 kě yǐ lián xiǎng、 shàn yú xué xí、 zhòng zài chuàng xīn。
　　 wǒ men de tóu nǎo zhì zào dào dé guī fàn、 fǎ lǜ tiáo wén、 shén huà gù shì、 zōng jiào chuán shuō。
　　 wǒ men de tóu nǎo jiē jù bèi fā míng jì shù、 xīn shǎng yì shù、 chóng shàng kē xué、 zhōng 'ài wén xué de kě néng。
　　 wǒ men de gǔ gé：
　　 wǒ men de gǔ gé yuē yòu 'èr bǎi líng liù kuài， wéi quán shēn tí gōng jī jià， jù yòu fù xíng、 chí zhòng、 bǎo hù hé yùn dòng děng gōng néng。 gǔ gé de zhùgàn wéi jǐ zhù。
　　 wǒ men de gǔ gé fēn wéi lú gǔ、 qūgàn gǔ、 sì zhī gǔ sān bù。
　　 gè gǔ duān jiè ruǎn gǔ、 rèn dài huò guān jié lián jiē qǐ lái。 guān jié jì néng huó dòng， yòu hěn láo gù； zǔ chéng guān jié de gǔ duān shàng miàn fù gài yī céng guān jié ruǎn gǔ， kě yǐ huǎn chōng yùn dòng shí de zhèn dàng。 guān jié zhōu wéi yòu yī yóu jié dì zǔ zhì gòu chéng de bāo náng， jiào guān jié náng； guān jié náng shì mì fēng de， qí nèi de qiāng xì jiào guān jié qiāng。 guān jié náng fēn liǎng céng： wài céng wéi zhì mì de xiān wéi céng， nèi céng wéi huá mó céng， yóu bó 'ér shū sōng de jié dì zǔ zhì gòu chéng； huá mó fēn mì huá yè yú guān jié qiāng zhōng， kě yǐ jiǎn shǎo guān jié yùn dòng shí de mó cā。
　　 cǐ wài， mǒu xiē guān jié de guān jié qiāng zhōng hái jù yòu guān jié nèi rèn dài hé guān jié nèi ruǎn gǔ（ bàn yuè bǎn huò guān jié pán）， shǐ dé gǔ de lián jiē gèng wéi láo gù。
　　 lú gǔ yóu 'èr shí sān kuài dà xiǎo hé xíng zhuàng bù tóng de gǔ zǔ chéng， fēn wéi nǎo lú huómiàn lú liǎng bù fēn。 nǎo lú wèi yú hòu shàng fāng， xíng chéng lú qiāng， bǎo hù nǎo suǐ； miàn lú wèi yú qián xià fāng， xíng chéng miàn bù de lún kuò， bìng gòu chéng kuàng、 bí qiāng hé kǒu qiāng de gǔ xìng jī chǔ。
　　 qūgàn gǔ bāo kuò zǔ chéng jǐ zhù de 'èr shí sì kuài dān gè de chuí gǔ（ jǐng chuí qī kuài、 xiōng chuí shí 'èr kuài、 yāo chuí wǔ kuài）、 yī kuài dǐ gǔ hé yī kuài wěi gǔ jí zǔ chéng xiōng kuò de shí 'èr duì lē gǔ、 lē ruǎn gǔ hé yī kuài xiōng gǔ。 gè chuí gǔ jiān jiè chuí jiān pán、 rèn dài hé chuí jiān guān jié děng lián jiē chéng jǐ zhù， chuí guǎn guàn chuān jǐ zhù quán cháng， nèi róng jǐ suǐ。 zhěng gè jǐ zhù zài qián hòu fāng xiàng shàng yòu sì gè wān qū， jǐng bù xiàng qián tū， xiōng bù xiàng hòu tū， yāo bù xiàng qián tū， dǐ bù xiàng hòu tū， zhè xiē wān qū shì yìng yú rén tǐ de zhí lì zī shì， shì zài shēngzhǎng guò chéng zhōng xiāng jì chū xiàn de。
　　 shàng zhī gǔ bāo kuò jiān jiǎ gǔ、 suǒ gǔ、 gōng gǔ、 chǐ gǔ、 náo gǔ、 wàn gǔ bā kuài（ zhōu gǔ、 yuè gǔ、 sān jiǎo gǔ、 wān dòu gǔ、 dà duō jiǎo gǔ、 xiǎo duō jiǎo gǔ、 tóu zhuàng gǔ、 gōu gǔ）、 zhǎng gǔ wǔ kuài hé zhǐ gǔ， tā men fēn bié zǔ chéng jiān guān jié、 zhǒu guān jié、 wàn guān jié、 zhǎng zhǐ guān jié hé zhǐ guān jié。
　　 xià zhī gǔ bāo kuò kuān gǔ（ yóu qià gǔ、 chǐ gǔ、 zuò gǔ gòu chéng）、 gǔ gǔ、 bìn、 jìng gǔ、 féi gǔ、 fú gǔ qī kuài（ jù gǔ、 gēn gǔ、 zhōu gǔ、 dì yī、 èr、 sān xiē gǔ、 tóu gǔ）、 zhí gǔ wǔ kuài hé zhǐ gǔ， tā men fēn bié zǔ chéng kuān guān jié、 xī guān jié、 huái guān jié、 fú zhí guān jié、 zhí zhǐ guān jié hé zhǐ guān jié。
　　 wǒ men de gǔ gé shì yī gè shēng huó zhe de qì guān， yòu qí shēngzhǎng、 fā zhǎn hé shuāi lǎo de guò chéng， zǒng zài bù duàn dì xīn chén dài xiè。
　　 wǒ men de jī ròu：
　　 wǒ men de jī ròu shì shǐ gǔ gé yùn dòng de dòng lì qì guān。 quán shēn gǔ gé jī yòu liù bǎi kuài zuǒ yòu， yuē zhàn rén tǐ tǐ zhòng de bǎi fēn zhī sì shí。
　　 měi kuài jī ròu yóu hěn duō jī shù jí hé 'ér chéng， měi yī jī shù yòu yóu wú shù jī xiān wéi zǔ chéng， jī ròu biǎo miàn bèi jié dì zǔ zhì bāo guǒ， jiào jī wài mó， jié dì zǔ zhì shēn rù jī nèi bāo guǒ jī shù， jiào jī shù mó， zuì hòu shēn rù shù nèi bāo guǒ měi gēn jī xiān wéi， jiào jī nèi mó。
　　 xuè guǎn hé shén jīng（ gǎn jué hé yùn dòng xiān wéi） yán jī wài mó jìn rù jī ròu， yòu yán jī shù mó fēn bù dào jī xiān wéi， yǐ tiáojié jī ròu jǐn zhāng， shǐ jī ròu shōu suō， bìng tiáojié jī ròu de yíng yǎng、 dài xiè hé fā yù。
　　 wǒ men de nèi zàng：
　　 wǒ men de nèi zàng zhù yào yóu xiāo huà qì guān、 hū xī qì guān、 mì niào qì guān、 shēng zhí qì guān děng zǔ chéng。 qí zhōng de xiāo huà qì bāo kuò xiāo huà guǎn hé xiāo huà xiàn liǎng bù fēn。 xiāo huà guǎn qǐ zì kǒu qiāng， yán xù wéi yān、 shí guǎn、 wèi、 xiǎo cháng（ shí 'èr zhǐ cháng、 kōng cháng hé huí cháng）、 jié cháng（ máng cháng、 lán wěi、 shēng jié cháng、 héng jié cháng、 jiàng jié cháng、 yǐ zhuàng jié cháng）、 zhí cháng， zhōng yú gāng mén。 xiāo huà xiàn yòu tuò yè xiàn、 gān、 yí hé xiāo huà guǎn bì shàng de wú shù xiǎo xiàn tǐ。 xiàn de fēn mì wù jīng dǎo guǎn pái rù xiāo huà guǎn zhōng cānyù xiāo huà guò chéng。 hū xī qì guān bāo kuò qì tǐ de tōng dào héng héng bí、 yān、 hóu、 qì guǎn、 zhī qì guǎn， hé jìn xíng qì tǐ jiāo huàn de qì guān héng héng fèi。 bí、 yān、 hóu hé qì guǎn tōng chēng wéi shàng hū xī dào， zhī qì guǎn yǐ xià zé chēng wéi xià hū xī dào。 cǐ wài， xiōng mó hé xiōng mó qiāng shì hū xī de fǔ zhù zhuāng zhì。 mì niào qì guān de gōng néng shì shēng chéng bìng pái xiè niào yè。 mì niào qì guān bāo kuò shèn、 shū niào guǎn、 pángguāng hé niào dào。 shēng zhí xì tǒng yǔ mì niào xì tǒng zài gè tǐ fā shēng shàng yòu gòng tóng de qǐ yuán， suǒ yǐ liǎng gè xì tǒng cháng hé chēng wéi mì niào shēng zhí xì tǒng。 shēng zhí qì guān bāo kuò shēng zhí xiàn（ gāo wán huò luǎn cháo）、 shēng zhí dào děng。
　　 wǒ men de jīng luò：
　　 jīng luò shì jīng mài hé luò mài de zǒng chēng。 jīng luò shì yùn xíng quán shēn qì xuè， lián luò zàng fǔ zhī jié， gōu tōng shàng xià nèi wài， tiáojié tǐ nèi gè bù fēn de tōng lù。 tōng guò jīng luò de xún xíng hé jiāo huì néng gòu bǎ rén tǐ de wǔ zàng liù fǔ、 sì zhī bǎi hái、 wǔ guān jiǔ qiào、 pí ròu jīn mài děng zǔ zhì qì guān lián jié chéng yī gè yòu jī de tǒng yī zhěng tǐ。
　　 wǒ men de jīng luò biàn bù quán shēn， gòng jì yòu zhèng jīng shí 'èr（ shǒu sān yīn、 zú sān yīn、 shǒu sān yáng、 zú sān yáng）， qí jīng bā mài hé wú shù luò mài。
　　 shí 'èr zhèng jīng shì gēn jù gè zì lián xì nèi zàng de yīn yáng shǔ xìng jí qí zài zhī tǐ xún xíng wèi zhì de bù tóng 'ér què dìng de。 yáng jīng shǔ fǔ， xíng yú sì zhī de wài cè， yīn jīng shǔ zàng， xíng yú sì zhī de nèi cè； shǒu jīng xíng yú shàng zhī， zú jīng xíng yú xià zhī。
　　 qí jīng bā mài shì dū mài、 rèn mài、 chōng mài、 dài mài、 yīn wéi mài、 yáng wéi mài、 yīn qiāo mài、 yáng qiāo mài de zǒng chēng。 qí jīng bā mài jiāo chā guàn chuàn yú shí 'èr zhèng jīng zhī jiān， jù yòu jiā qiáng jīng mài zhī jiān de lián xì， yǐ tiáojié zhèng jīng qì xuè de zuò yòng。
　　 wǒ men de shēng mìng：
　　 wǒ men de shēng mìng shì yòu xiàn de。 màn yī diǎn lǎo、 shǎo yī diǎn bìng、 wǎn yī diǎn sǐ， tōng guò xiū liàn shì kě yǐ dá dào de。
　　 wǒ men de jiàn kāng：
　　 wǒ men de jiàn kāng shì xiāng duì de。 duì yú jiàn kāng， bù tóng shí dài、 dì yù、 wén huà de rén lèi yòu míng xiǎn bù tóng de lǐ jiě hé gǎn shòu。
　　 wǒ men zhù zhāng jiān chí cháng wéi xīn， bì miǎn dà gé mìng。
　　 wǒ men de líng hún：
　　 wǒ men de líng hún shì nèi zài de shì jiè。 ròu tǐ xiāo wáng de tóng shí， líng hún yě jiāng jì miè。 jīng shén de lì liàng tǒng shuài zhe wǒ men de shēn qū。
　　 wǒ men de kuài lè：
　　 wǒ men de kuài lè shì shēn xīn de shū shì。 tiān rén hé hé、 wù wǒ yuán róng， jiù shì jí lè。
　　 wǒ men de xué wèi：
　　 wǒ men de xué wèi shù liàng wú qióng， cháng yòng zhě sān bǎi duō gè。 qí zhōng bǎi huì、 dà chuí、 mìng mén、 cháng qiáng、 huì yīn、 guān yuán、 qì hǎi、 zhōng wǎn、 shān zhōng、 yìn táng、 tài yáng xué、 tīng gōng、 hé gǔ、 láo gōng、 shén mén、 nèi guān、 qū chí、 jiān jǐng、 qī mén、 jīng mén、 zhāng mén、 chōng mén、 huán tiào xué、 xuè hǎi、 zú sān lǐ、 chéng shān、 sān yīn jiāo、 yǒng quán děng gèng jiā zhòng yào。
　　 wǒ men de yào hài：
　　
　　 wǒ men de yào hài zhù yào yòu tóu、 xiōng fù、 dāng（ xià yīn）、 liǎng lē、 hòu yāo、 hòu xīn。
　　 dǐng xīn bǎi huì、 liǎng 'é tài yáng、 méi zhōng yìn táng、 rì yuè shuāng jīng、 bí jiān sù liǎo、 chún shàng rén zhōng、 xià hé gǔ yuán、 ěr mén tīng gōng、 jǐng bù hóu jié、 rén yíng dòng mài。
　　 zuǒ yòu liǎng rǔ、 qián xiōng shān zhōng、 shàng fù sān jiǎo、 liǎng cè ruǎn lē、 dù qí shén jué、 xiǎo fù pángguāng yǔ xià yīn shèn náng。
　　 nǎo hòu yù zhěn、 liǎng cè 'ěr gēn、 jǐ bèi xiōng chuí、 jiān jiǎ xià yán、 bèi bù hún mén、 zuǒ yòu yāo yǎn、 yāo chuí mìng mén、 wěi lǘ cháng qiáng。
　　 gǔ gōu chōng mén、 xī gài hè dǐng、 yíng miàn jù xū、 jiǎo miàn xiàn gǔ、 xī hòu wěi zhōng、 zú dǐ yǒng quán。
　　 wǒ men de ruò diǎn：
　　 wǒ men de ruò diǎn zài yú zhī diǎn、 sǐ diǎn、 tòng diǎn、 mǐn gǎn diǎn、 yào hài diǎn、 láo sǔn diǎn。
　　 tóu lú bù fēn de niè gǔ、 dié gǔ、 bí gǔ、 xià hé gǔ bǐ jiào cuì ruò。 zhè xiē dì fāng shì jī dǎ jì shù de zhù yào duì xiàng。
　　 qūgàn bù fēn de chuí gǔ、 lē gǔ bǐ jiào bó ruò。 chuí gǔ shòu dào chōng jī， yì pò huài jǐ shén jīng； qīng zé tān huàn， zhòng zé sǐ wáng。 qūgàn nèi de zhòng yào zàng qì pǔ biàn bó ruò。 guàn xìng zhèn dàng néng gòu chè dǐ sǔn shāng wǔ zàng liù fǔ。
　　 shàng zhī bù fēn de gǔ gé yǔ guān jié cháng cháng shì qín ná jì shù de duì xiàng。
　　 xià zhī bù fēn de gǔ gé yǔ guān jié yī bān shì shuāi diē jì shù de duì xiàng。
　　 wǒ men de bù xíng：
　　 wǒ men de bù xíng zhù yào yòu liǎng zhǒng： gōng jiàn bù、 xū shí bù。 gōng jiàn bù cháng yú jìn gōng， xū shí bù miào zài tuì shǒu。
　　 wǒ men de shēn xíng：
　　 wǒ men de shēn xíng zhù yào yòu sān zhǒng： zhí lì、 luò zuò、 píng wò。
　　 wǒ men de shǒu xíng：
　　 wǒ men de shǒu xíng zhù yào yòu sān zhǒng： quán、 zhǎng、 zhǐ。 quán bǐ zhǎng zhǐ yì liàn， zhǐ bǐ quán zhǎng nán xué。
　　 wǒ men de zī tài：
　　 wǒ men de zī tài kě yǐ cóng sì gè jiǎo dù jìn xíng fēn xī。
　　 jié。 fā dòng yú gēn、 zhù zǎi yú zhī、 zuò yòng yú shāo。 jié jié sōng kāi wéi róu， jié jié guàn chuān wéi gāng。
　　 pán。 shàng zhōng xià hé yī， tuǐ jiǎo、 shēn qū、 shǒu bì xié diào。 tiān dì rén yě。
　　 juàn。 jiān kuà tóu yǐng wéi nèi， zhǒu xī tóu yǐng wéi zhōng， shǒu zú tóu yǐng wéi wài。 shēn yì qì yě。
　　 jià。 dà zhě cháng qiáo dà mǎ， xiǎo zhě duǎn dǎ xiǎo shǒu； màn zhě cóng róng bù pò， kuài zhě suí yì yìng duì； juàn zhě huán huán xiāng kòu， lüè zhě shǐ zhōng wú jì； róu zhě rùn wù wú shēng， gāng zhě héng sǎo qiān jūn； fāng zhě lēng jiǎo fēn míng， yuán zhě nèi wài hún yuán； dìng zhě fēng yáo shān yuè， huó zhě cháo zhǎng jiāng hé。
　　 wǒ men de bù fǎ：
　　 wǒ men de bù fǎ jí wǔháng bā guà。 qián jìn、 hòu tuì、 zuǒ gù、 yòu pàn、 zhōng dìng， wéi wǔháng； zhèng qián fāng、 zuǒ qián fāng、 yòu qián fāng、 zhèng hòu fāng、 zuǒ hòu fāng、 yòu hòu fāng、 zuǒ fāng xiàng、 yòu fāng xiàng， wéi bā guà。
　　 gù dǎ shì tà zhōng mén， shǎn jìn shì zǒu biān mén。
　　 wǒ men de shēn fǎ：
　　 wǒ men de shēn fǎ zhù yào yòu yǐ xià sì xiàng。
　　 qì chén dān tián（ zhòng lì xiào yìng）。 tōng cháng suǒ shuō qì gǎn jí běn tǐ jué。 dì qiú yǔ rén tǐ zhī jiān cún zài wàn yòu yǐn lì， zhòng lì de zuò yòng diǎn wèi zhì duì yú shēn qū de yùn dòng yǐng xiǎng jù dà。 zhí lì zhòng xīn yī bān yǔ chuán tǒng lǐ lùn de dān tián wèi zhì xiāng tóng。
　　 xū lǐng dǐng jìn（ jī lì xiào yìng）。 jī ròu de shēn suō lì shì rén tǐ yùn dòng de zhù dǎo lì。 jī lì de suí yì xìng shì xiū liàn de zhòng yào kè tí zhī yī。
　　 zhōng zhèng 'ān shū（ wěn dìng píng héng）。 zhàn zhuāng xùn liàn jìng píng héng néng lì， jìng zhōng yù dòng； xíng quán xùn liàn dòng píng héng néng lì， dòng zhōng qiú jìng。
　　 sōng jìng zì rán（ yìng lì jūn bù）。
　　 wǒ men de shǒu fǎ：
　　 wǒ men de shǒu fǎ fán jiǎng biàn huà wú qióng， lüè shuō jǐn yī gāng yī róu、 yī xū yī shí、 yī sōng yī jǐn、 yī dòng yī jìng 'ěr。 shì jiān yòu jiǎng sōng dàn jìn de， yòu shuō yuán huó jìn de， hái yòu tán xū líng jìn de； yòu shuō yīn yáng jìn、 máo dùn jìn de， hái yòu jiǎng kāi hé jìn、 yòu wú jìn de； shàng yòu hǎo xīn jiǎng bā mén jìn fǎ de， yòu tiān cái lùn sān shí liù、 qī shí 'èr jìn de， nán yǐ jìn shù。 biān zhě rèn wéi rén gé píng děng、 rén cái yòu bié， zhǐ néng yīn cái shī jiào、 yīn rén 'ér yì。 rù mén zhě yī bān yìng zhòng zài huá juàn， dà、 yuán、 yún、 huǎn。 ná dǎ shì lián huán tào， diē shuāi shì wǎng fù tōng。
　　 wǒ men de xíng xiàng：
　　 wǒ men de xíng xiàng yìng tǐng bá jūn zhěng。 wǒ men bù néng qián fǔ hòu yǎng、 zuǒ wāi yòu xié、 shàng xià tuō jié。
　　 wǒ men de gǎn jué：
　　 wǒ men de gǎn jué yīnggāi xū líng shū shì。
　　 wǒ men de dào lǐ：
　　 wǒ men de dào lǐ shì zì rán kōng wú。 fán shì bù kě qiǎngqiú， yī qiē tīng rèn běn lái。
　　 wǒ men de gōng kè：
　　 shí、 rì、 yuè、 nián。
　　 zǐ、 wǔ、 mǎo、 yǒu shì wéi sì shí； zǐ shí yí rù jìng， wǔ shí yìng xí dòng， mǎo shí lái huó xuè， yǒu shí zhèng yǎng qì。 rì chū 'ér xǐng， wén jī qǐ wǔ； rì luò 'ér xī， xiào hè shǒu chéng。
　　 sān rì jǐn、 liù rì sōng、 jiǔ rì cháng； rì shēng jiàng、 yuè yuán quē、 rén láo yì。
　　 liàn yī shí， dé yī shí； yī rì liàn， yī rì gōng； gōng mǎn yuè， rén cháng gōng。
　　 chūn zhǒng qín， xià huī hàn， qiū shōu shí， dōng cáng bǎo。
　　 zhōng nián kè， bì shēng yán， chí jiǔ qiú， zuì zhōng tōng。
　　 zǎo、 wǎn； dà、 xiǎo。
　　 zǎo kè de nèi róng yòu sān xiàng： xǐng、 xíng、 xíng。
　　 xǐng kè xiān xǐng xīn， ān mián jiàn níng shén， tiáoxī wēi tù nà， kòu chǐ qīng gǔ shù；
　　 xǐng yǎn píng cháng shì， zhuā náo shǒu zú qíng， àn mó quán shēn ròu， pāi dǎ biàn tǐ gǔ。
　　 chuān dài hé shì yī， pèi bèi bì yào wù， ān pái tuǒ tiē jiā， yùn niàng měi hǎo yuàn；
　　 bái shuǐ yǐn yī bēi， sàn bù xíng qiān mǐ， tǐng bá tóu xiōng fù， shū zhǎn gēbo tuǐ。
　　 xíng shì yòu bì yào， nèi róng gèng guān jiàn， duàn liàn xún zhāng fǎ， yùn dòng yòu lè qù；
　　 shé xíng lái yǒng dòng， hàn chū 'ér qì dìng， tǐ wèi shí sān shì， lǐ jiě tài jí quán；
　　 yì qì yǎn jìn lì， gǔ ròu huà xíng shì， sōng jǐn jīn gǔ pí， tiáozhěng jīng qì shén。
　　 wǎn kè de nèi róng yòu sān xiàng： jìng、 jìng、 jìng。
　　 jìng kè tǐ xū sōng， jī bǎo xīn nán 'ān， chī fàn sì kè hòu， diào xīn yī zhǒng jīng；
　　 jiǎ jiè qíng jǐng lǐ， guān xiǎng shēn xīn yì， gǎn yìng tiān dì rén， shū fā jīng qì shén。
　　 jìng guān zhēn miào dòng， yòu xiàn xū kōng wú， qí juàn xìn bù yí， huā luò niàn cháng zài；
　　 yì jīn sōng yuán huó， xǐ suǐ jìng qīng líng， liàn dān lú huǒ qīng， cān chán yì shí míng；
　　 mù yù fēng guāng shí， xǐ dí hóng chén shì， fàng xià dà qiān jiè， wù rù bǎi huàn gōng。
　　 dà gōng yī bān yī zhōu yī cì， shí jiān yī bān wéi chén shí qián hòu。
　　 dà gōng qīng sōng liàn， xún cháng yòu 'ào miào。
　　 xiǎo gōng yī bān yī zhōu sān cì， shí jiān yī bān wéi wèi shí qián hòu。
　　 xiǎo gōng rèn zhēn yán， cháng jiǔ chū xué wèn。
　　 zhuāng、 qiáo、 chā、 dǐng：
　　 zhuāng gōng shì jiǎn dān píng yì de jī běn gōng kè。 yī shù、 yī diǎn、 yī rén、 yī dà， zú yǐ。 yuán lǐ hěn qiǎn xiǎn， dú lì shǒu shén、 hū xī jīng qì、 jī ròu ruò yī。
　　 qiáo gōng de xùn liàn bì xū xún xù jiàn jìn， bù kě jíqiè。
　　 chā gōng fēn héng、 shù。
　　 dǐng gōng yí cóng tóu jiān zhǒu dàolì liàn qǐ， jīng tóu shǒu dàolì、 shuāng shǒu dàolì、 dān shǒu dàolì、 zhǐ dàolì， zuì hòu liàn shuāng shǒu tuī dǐng、
　　 dān shǒu tuī dǐng。
　　 juàn、 làng、 yōu、 míng：
　　 juàn gōng wéi jiǔ jié（ tóu、 xiōng qiāng、 fù qiāng、 dà bì、 xiǎo bì、 shǒu、 dà tuǐ、 xiǎo tuǐ、 zú） de kōng jiān yuán zhōu yùn dòng。
　　 làng gōng wéi quán shēn gè bù de yǐ cì xié diào qū xiàn yùn dòng。
　　 yōu gōng wéi fān téng、 píng héng、 yòng lì、 jìng zhǐ、 tiào yuè děng jì qiǎo yùn dòng de xùn liàn。
　　 míng gōng wéi cóng liǎo jiě hé bǎ wò quán jià zhe shì de yì shí rù shǒu、 dào shēn kè lǐng wù hé tǐ yàn gǎn jué wú xiàn de xùn liàn。 zuǒ yòu qǐ jiǎo、 shàng xià yún shǒu、 qián hòu tuī zhǎng、 nèi wài xuán zhǐ。
　　 sōng、 jìng、 liàn、 yǎng：
　　 sōng shēn： yáo、 huàng、 chàn、 dǒu、 niǔ、 bǎi、 chēn、 bá。
　　 jìng xīn： bào yuán shǒu yī。
　　 liàn yì： jīng shén guàn zhù。
　　 yǎng qì： dào fǎ zì rán。
　　 wǒ men de xīn fǎ：
　　 jù jīng huì shén shì yī zhǒng zhuàng tài； shén qīng qì shuǎng shì yī zhǒng zhuàng tài； wàng hū suǒ yǐ yě shì yī zhǒng zhuàng tài。
　　 nèi wài、 dòng jìng、 xū shí、 sōng jǐn。 nèi wéi rén tǐ， wài wéi huán jìng； dòng wéi xié diào， jìng wéi jūn héng； xū wéi kuān róng， shí wéi hòu zhòng； sōng wéi líng huó， jǐn wéi jiān rèn。
　　 wǒ men de shǒu duàn：
　　 jiào shòu dā shǒu。 dā shǒu shì jiǎng jiě gōng fáng jì yì de zuì jiā fāng shì zhī yī。 jù tǐ、 xíng xiàng、 ān quán。 líng yě。
　　 liàn xí * shǒu。 * shǒu shì shú xī zhāo fǎ yǔ jì yì de bì yào tú jìng。 huó yě。
　　 xué xí róu shǒu。 róu shǒu néng gòu wén míng、 rú yǎ dì tǐ huì gé dǒu duì kàng de gǎn jué。 hé yě。
　　 xùn liàn tuī shǒu。 tuī shǒu de dú tè xìng zài yú hé zuò shuāng fāng de xié diào yǔ jūn héng。 wěn dìng hé líng huó de xiāng fǎn hù bǔ、 duì lì tǒng yī shì xùn liàn de hé xīn kè tí。 zhe yě。
　　 tǐ huì dǎ shǒu。 dǎ shǒu de guān jiàn shì shùn shì hé lǐfà lì jiè jī qīng sōng fàng rén。 fēi yě。
　　 shì yàn sàn shǒu。 sàn shǒu de 'ào miào shì suǒ wèi háo lí（ chǐ cùn fēn háo、 jīn liǎng qián lí） zhī jiān jiàn fēn bié， jí diǎn dào hé cùn zhǐ。 shí kōng gǎn、 yùn dòng gǎn shì sàn shǒu xùn liàn zhě de zhòng yào sù zhì。 lì dù hé fú dù de kòng zhì shì sàn shǒu de hé xīn kè tí。 sàn shǒu jù yòu duì kàng xìng yǔ jìng jì xìng。 shāng yě。
　　 shuāng fēng guàn 'ěr dǎ hǔ shì， jìn tuì liǎng biàn bān lán chuí；
　　 bào hǔ tuī shān zuǒ yòu diē， sān tōng bì bèi qián hòu fān；
　　 pī shēn qǐ jiǎo suí yì tī， bài zhōng qǔ shèng yuān yāng tuǐ；
　　 yě mǎ fēn zōng gù pàn shēng， yù nǚ chuān suō shàng xià hé。
　　 wǒ men de jì yì：
　　
　　 diē dǎ。 jiǎn dān shuō， diē dǎ jiù shì shàng xià xiāng suí、 shǒu jiǎo bìng yòng。
　　 zhì fàng。 zhì fàng de guān jiàn shì ná zhù、 sōng kāi。
　　 wǒ men de xíng wéi：
　　 fǎn kàng yǔ qiān ràng、 yǒng gǎn yǔ zhì huì。
　　 wǒ men de jú xiàn：
　　
　　 bì bìng、 bì lǎo、 bì sǐ。
　　 wǒ men de jià zhí：
　　 wǒ men néng gòu fáng zhì jí bìng、 yán huǎn shuāi lǎo、 wán shàn shēn xīn、 gǎi zào shì jiè。 shǎo bìng、 màn lǎo、 wǎn sǐ yě。
　　 wǒ men de wēi xiǎn：
　　 wú zhī hé wàng xíng shì wǒ men de wēi xiǎn。
　　 wǒ men de bǎo hù：
　　 xué xí hé duàn liàn shì wǒ men de bǎo hù。
　　 wǒ men de dí hài：
　　 wǒ men de dí hài jì yòu zì rán de、 yě yòu rén wéi de； jì yòu wài zài de， yě yòu nèi cún de。
　　 wǒ men de zì wèi：
　　 wǒ men de zì wèi jì bāo kuò bì miǎn nèi shāng qī qíng、 wài gǎn liù yín， yě bāo kuò zhuī qiú shēn xīn xié diào、 tiān rén hé hé。
　　 wǒ men de xī wàng：
　　
　　 wǒ men de xī wàng shì rén shēng wán měi、 shì jiè hé píng。
　　 wǒ men de lǐ xiǎng：
　　 xiān、 fó、 rú、 xiá、 rén。
　　 shān rén wéi xiān； táo bì xuān 'áo、 fán nǎo de rén lèi shè huì fēn zhēng， yǐn jū zài zì rán huán jìng zhōng， yǔ tiān dì tóng chūn shì dào jiā de lǐ xiǎng。
　　 fú shì fú fēi； rén lèi wén míng běn wú gù dìng de、 míng què de、 jù tǐ de zhī shí， shì jiā de lǐ xiǎng shì tí chàng suí yuán shùn mìng。
　　 xū yào lǐ yì； rén lèi shè huì yǔ dòng wù shì jiè de qū bié zài yú lún lǐ zhì xù de yòu wú， kǒng mén de lǐ xiǎng shì tiān xià wéi gōng， sì hǎi yī jiā。
　　 rén lèi píng děng； měi gè réndōu yòu quán lì xìng fú shēng cún、 kuài lè fā zhǎn， xiá kè de lǐ xiǎng shì shí xiàn shì jiè dà tóng。
　　 ài rén rú jǐ； guān xīn bié rén de jí kǔ、 bāng zhù bié rén de shēng huó， rén zhě de lǐ xiǎng shì fú wēi jì kùn、 pái yōu jiě nán。
　　 èr . huí gù lì shǐ、 rèn shí shè huì
　　 guò qù de tiě xuè
　　 rén lèi de zuó tiān tè bù kān huí shǒu。
　　 zhàn gǔ xiǎng qiān nián， fēng yān rán wǔ zhōu。 wān gōng bǐ cǐ shè， huī dāo shēng sǐ bó。
　　 xiàn zài de yán liáng
　　
　　 rén lèi de jīn tiān yě bù róng lè guān。
　　 zī yuán、 huán jìng wèn tí rì yì yán zhòng， shēng cún、 fā zhǎn miàn lín jù dà tiǎo zhàn。 mín zú máo dùn hé jiē jí máo dùn cuò zōng fù zá， zōng jiào、 fǎ lǜ、 dào dé、 fēng sú、 wén huà děng de chā bié zhú jiàn kuò dà。
　　 jiāng lái de hé píng
　　
　　 rén lèi de míng tiān běn bù kě zǔ dǎng。
　　 fā zhǎn wén huà jiào yù shì yè、 jìn xíng kē jì yán jiū huó dòng， dōunéng cóng gēn běn shàng tuī dòng shì jiè de jìn bù。 rén lèi de zhèng zhì mín zhù huà、 jīng jì kē xué huà、 wén huà zì yóu huà bì rán cù chéng shì jiè de zhēn zhèng hé píng。
　　 sān . xué xí lǐ lùn、 bǎ wò xì tǒng
　　 dào（ chōu xiàng sī biàn）
　　 lǐ（ lì shǐ luó ji）
　　 fǎ（ xì tǒng quán miàn）
　　 shù（ fāng biàn * zuò）
　　 dào： tiān rén hé hé、 wù wǒ yuán róng。
　　 huán jìng： rén lèi shēng cún hé fā zhǎn yǐ huán jìng wéi wǔ tái。 zì rán huán jìng、 shè huì huán jìng、 wù lǐ huán jìng、 xīn lǐ huán jìng dōuhěn zhòng yào。
　　 qì hòu： rén tǐ de shēng lǐ huó dòng yào shòu qì hòu yǐng xiǎng， zhè shì cháng shí。 rén lèi de xīn lǐ、 lún lǐ xiàn xiàng yě shòu qì hòu zuǒ yòu， suī nán lǐ jiě， dàn shǔ shì shí。
　　 chǎng dì： píng tǎn、 gān shuǎng、 jié jìng、 míng liàng。
　　 gè rén liàn xí， liǎng píng mǐ zú gòu。 suǒ wèi quán dǎ wò niú zhī dì。
　　 jí tǐ liàn xí， rén jūn sān píng mǐ jí kě。
　　 shì nèi jiào xué， yìng xuǎn zé péng gāo wǔ mǐ zuǒ yòu wéi yí。
　　 hù wài jiào xué， huā mù huán bào zuì jiā。
　　 fú zhuāng： kuān dà、 shū shì、 tòu qì、 xī hàn。
　　 qì xiè： yīn rén 'ér yì、 liàng lì 'ér xíng。
　　 shí 'ěr： yíng yǎng wèn tí hū shì bù dé。 shǒu xiān， néng liàng yào píng héng。 qí cì， yuán sù yào qí quán。 zài cì yìng zhù yì， bǔjǐ yào jí shí、 chōng fēn。
　　 lǐ： sī xiǎng jiě fàng、 gǎn qíng gōu tōng。
　　 jiào fàn： yǐ fǎ xiū liàn、 xún xù xué xí。 quán jià shì jī chǔ。 xiān dìng shì， hòu lián shì。
　　 lǐ yí： zūn shī zhòng yì、 xīn píng qì hé。 rén hòu shì guān jiàn。 yù xí quán， bì míng lǐ。
　　 zì xiū： shī fù lǐng lù dào mén qián， jǐ shēn bù rù yě wǎng rán。 jī yuán nán dé jiàn lù jìng， wú xīn dà wù jīng jìn zhōng。 zhù guān nǔ lì shì bì yào de yīn sù。 wéi yòu jī jí、 zhù dòng， xiū liàn cái néng chéng gōng。
　　 zhù liàn： dào、 cái、 lǚ、 dì sì yīn yuán zhōng， lǚ zuì zhēn guì。 gāo shān liú shuǐ yì *， zhī yīn tóng zhì nán xún。 liáng shī yì yǒu de bāng zhù shì shùn lì xué xí zhōng huá wǔ shù de bì yào tiáo jiàn。
　　 fǎ： shēn xīn xié diào、 xíng shén jié hé。
　　 jìng xīn： tóu rù、 tóng huà。
　　 bǎ zhù yì lì quán bù jí zhōng dào xiū liàn huó dòng zhōng qù。 nán zài dà jiā pǔ biàn zá niàn cóng shēng。 jiě jué de bàn fǎ hěn jiǎn dān， shēng huó xiū liàn huà yǔ xiū liàn shēng huó huà。 zhǐ yào píng cháng xīn zài， zhǐ yào shàn dài rén shēng， zhǐ yào xīn shǎng shì jiè， zé wǒ men wú shí bù jìng。 hū xī fēng yún biàn， yǐn shí shuǐ tǔ yì。 píng cháng hán 'ào miào， yī jìng yù wàn dòng。 fàng xià míng lì xīn， wù dé zhēn shí yì。 tiān mǎ dú lái wǎng， zì zài wǒ zhī dào。
　　 rè shēn： shì yìnghè zhǔn bèi。
　　 xiū liàn huó dòng xū yào jīng shén yǔ ròu tǐ de gāo dù xié diào。 jìn xíng xiū liàn shí， wǒ men de shēn tǐ bù kě néng zài yī kāi shǐ jiù dá dào diān fēng zhuàng tài， ér shì zài kāi shǐ hòu yī duàn shí jiān nèi zhú jiàn shàng shēng dào wèi。 zhè gè guò chéng jiào zuò rè shēn。 chǎn shēng zhè zhǒng xiàn xiàng de yuán yīn zài yú rén tǐ de yī qiē huó dòng dōushì shén jīng xì tǒng tiáojié xià shí xiàn de fǎn shè； zhōng shū xīng fèn xìng de tí gāo， xīng fèn chōng dòng yán fǎn shè tú jìng de chuán dǎo， gè qì guān jī néng de dòng yuán， dū xū yào yī dìng de shí jiān。 yě jiù shì shuō， rén tǐ cóng kāi shǐ huó dòng dào fā huī chū zuì dà yùn dòng néng lì xū yào yī gè guò chéng。 cóng lìng yī gè jiǎo dù kàn， rè shēn shì kè fú shēng lǐ duò xìng de guò chéng。 wǒ men bì xū láo jì shǒu xiān chéng zài yī dìng shí jiān de wēi xiǎo fùhè， kě yǐ bāng zhù wǒ men hòu miàn de zhèng shì xiū liàn。 yīn wéi rè shēn huó dòng néng shǐ wǒ men zhú jiàn jìn rù zhuàng tài， suǒ yǐ néng gòu bì miǎn hěn duō shāng hài yǔ cuò zhé。 rè shēn guò chéng de cháng duǎn kuài màn jù yòu gè tǐ chā yì。 rè shēn de yùn dòng liàng yī bān jiào zhèng shì xiū liàn yào dī。 rè shēn kě yǐ shǐ wù zhì dài xiè guò chéng zēng sù， néng gòu pǔ biàn tí gāo shén jīng、 jī ròu děng zǔ zhì de xīng fèn xìng， shǐ xuè guǎn kuò zhāng， jī ròu nián zhì xìng xià jiàng， tí gāo jī ròu de shōu suō hé fàng sōng de sù dù， zēng dà jī jiàn、 rèn dài děng de shēn zhǎn xìng hé dàn xìng。 rè shēn nèi róng yī bān wéi sàn bù、 màn páo děng huó dòng。 rè shēn de biāo zhǔn shì wēi hàn 'ér bù chuǎn。 shí jiān yī bān wéi zǒng xiū liàn shí jiān de yī bàn。
　　 tiáoqì： tiáoqì jiù shì zhěng lǐ huó dòng。
　　 zuò yòng zài yú shǐ rén tǐ jī néng dé dào huī fù hé gèng hǎo de tiáojié。 yīn wéi zhèng shì xiū liàn de yùn dòng liàng yī bān jiào dà， jié shù hòu lì jí wò zuò， xiào guǒ jūn bù hǎo。 rú guǒ shìdàng huó dòng yī huì 'ér， duì xiū liàn zhě de shēn xīn dōuyòu yì chù。 jǐn zhāng de jī ròu yùn dòng zhī hòu， yóu yú pí láo， zhī tǐ wǎng wǎng bù yì fàng sōng。 ruò lì kè jìng zhǐ xiū xī， huì shǐ dé jī ròu jiāng yìng。 rú yòu yì shí zuò yī xiē fàng sōng dòng zuò， kě yǐ shǐ jī ròu chōng fēn fàng sōng， lì yú xiāo chú pí láo。 zhèng shì xiū liàn zhōng tǐ nèi jī lěi liǎo yī xiē dài xiè chǎn wù 'èr yǎng huà tàn。 zhěng lǐ huó dòng zhōng tù gù nà xīn kě yǐ hái qīng yǎng zhài。 lìng wài， zhěng lǐ huó dòng yòu zhù gǔ gé jī zhōng de xuè yè huí liú xīn zàng。 yīn cǐ， tiáoqì shì xiū liàn de bì yào huán jié。 wǒ men yī dìng yào zhòng shì tiáoqì gōng fū。 tiáoqì nèi róng yī bān wéi qīng yáo、 màn huàng、 dǒu dòng、 àn mó、 qiāo dǎ děng。 tiáoqì de biāo zhǔn shì hū xī jūn yún、 mài bó píng wěn、 gǎn jué qīng sōng shū shì。 shí jiān yī bān wéi zǒng xiū liàn shí jiān de sì fēn zhī yī。
　　 yǎng shén： fēi cháng zhòng yào、 bù yì zhǎng wò。 jiǎn dān lái shuō， jiù jiào xīn lǐ tiáoshì。 yǎng shén jì shì rù mén gōng fū， yě shì shēn zào shǒu duàn。 yǎng shén bù dān chún shì gè tǐ xíng wéi。 yǎng shén xū yào yī dìng de wén huà xiū yǎng、 shè huì huán jìng。
　　 hū xī： zì rán。 bù wú shì shēng fēi、 bù zì zuò zhù zhāng、 bù máng mù mó fǎng、 bù suí xīn suǒ yù。
　　 dǎo dì： zhè shì rù mén jì shù。 qīng sōng、 ān quán、 shùn lì、 kuài jié wán chéng dǎo dì dòng zuò xū yào jīng cháng fǎn fù liàn xí。 xié diào shì 'ān quán de qián tí。 dǎo dì de yào diǎn shì huǎn chōng。
　　 kàng jī： chéng shòu dǎ jī shì wǒ men bì xū jù bèi de néng lì。
　　 wǒ men yīnggāi xún xù jiàn jìn、 chí zhī yǐ héng dì nǔ lì tí gāo kàng jī néng lì。 kàng jī lì yī fāng miàn yǔ tǐ zhì yòu guān， lìng yī fāng miàn yǔ jì qiǎo yòu guān。
　　 kàng jī xùn liàn de fāng fǎ hěn duō。 wǒ men jiàn yì nǐ gēn jù zì jǐ de qíng kuàng biàn tōng cǎi yòng。 rù mén yī bān yìng cóng zì wǒ 'àn mó kāi shǐ liàn xí， zhú jiàn guò dù dào qì xiè pāi dǎ、 xiāng hù jǐ kào。 kàng jī xùn liàn de yào lǐng shì zì yóu sōng jǐn。
　　 gǎn yìng： gǎn wù 'ér dòng， yìng wù zì rán。
　　 xíng gǎn shén yìng。 gǎn yìng cì jī yǔ shū fā xīng fèn shì tǒng yī de。 tí gāo gǎn jué de líng mǐn xìng shì rù mén kè tí。 shēn yòu suǒ gǎn， xīn yòu suǒ jué。 gēn zhe gǎn jué zǒu shì rù mén de mì jué。 huò zhě shuō， gǎn jué shì yù rù mén zhě de xiàng dǎo。 yòu yì shí dì xún zhǎo、 gēn zōng gè zhǒng gǎn jué shì xiū liàn de zhēn zhèng kāi shǐ。 zī tài gǎn jué、 zhòng lì gǎn jué、 kōng jiān gǎn jué、 hū xī gǎn jué、 xún huán gǎn jué， dū xū yào wǒ men rèn zhēn tǐ yàn、 píng děng duì dài。 qièjì shén mì、 jīng qí。 yòu yì shí dì sī xiǎng、 guān chá wǒ men de shēn xīn shì gèng gāo de jiē duàn。 yì shí、 yì niàn、 yì gǎn shì xiāng hù mìqiè lián xì de。 jīng guò yòu yì shí de gǎn jué xùn liàn kě yǐ huò dé wú yì shí de gǎn yìng néng lì。 gǎn yìng shì shén jīng xì tǒng yǔ qí tā xì tǒng xié diào tǒng yī de néng lì tǐ xiàn， shì shēn xīn gāo dù xié diào tǒng yī de biāo zhì。 gǎn yìng néng lì de dà xiǎo qiáng ruò shì xiū liàn zhuàng tài de zhòng yào zhǐ biāo。
　　【 guān yú 'ào yùn chéng wéi wǔ shù xiàng mù】
　　 wǔ shù yǐ què dìng chéng wéi běi jīng 'ào yùn huì de tè shè xiàng mù， yī gòng jiāng huì jué chū 7 méi jīn pái， qí zhōng wǔ shù tào lù 5 méi、 nán nǚ sàn dǎ gè 1 méi。 dàn shì zhè 7 kuài jīn pái bù huì zhàn yòng 'ào yùn huì de jīn pái míng 'é， tóng shí yě bù jì rù zuì zhōng de jiǎng pái bǎng。 bù guò huò dé wǔ shù guànjūn de yùn dòng yuán， jiāng huì xiǎng shòu děng tóng yú 'ào yùn xiàng mù guànjūn de dài yù， ér qiě suǒ huò de jīn pái yě jiāng jì rù 2009 nián de shí yī yùn huì jiā pái zhōng。
　　 jìn guǎn bù shì 'ào yùn huì zhèng shì bǐ sài xiàng mù， dàn jiàn yú wǔ shù zài zhōng guó rén xīn mù zhōng de tè shū dì wèi， guó rén duì zhè yī xiàng mùdì guān zhù， bù bǐ qí tā rèn hé xiàng mù chā。
　　 wǔ shù biǎo yǎn shè 15 kuài jīn pái
　　 jù liǎo jiě， cǐ cì tè shū de 'ào yùn wǔ shù biǎo yǎn sài， gòng shè zhì nán nǚ tào lù 10 méi jīn pái， nán nǚ sàn shǒu 5 méi jīn pái。 bǐ sài de jù tǐ xiàng mù shì， tào lù： nán zǐ cháng quán、 nán zǐ nán quán nán gùn quán néng、 nán zǐ tài jí quán tài jí jiàn quán néng、 nán zǐ dāo shù gùn shù quán néng、 nán zǐ qiāng shù jiàn shù quán néng、 nǚ zǐ cháng quán、 nǚ zǐ nán quán nán dāo quán néng、 nǚ zǐ tài jí quán tài jí jiàn quán néng、 nǚ zǐ dāo shù gùn shù quán néng、 nǚ zǐ qiāng shù jiàn shù quán néng。 sàn shǒu： nán zǐ 56 gōng jīn jí、 nán zǐ 70 gōng jīn jí、 nán zǐ 85 gōng jīn jí、 nǚ zǐ 52 gōng jīn jí、 nǚ zǐ 60 gōng jīn jí。
　　37 míng zhōng guó xuǎn shǒu cān sài
　　 zhōng guó cān jiā běn cì wǔ shù biǎo yǎn de gòng 37 rén， dōulái zì yú běi jīng tǐ yù dà xué wǔ shù xué yuàn， gòng pái liàn liǎo sì zǔ jié mù， fēn bié wéi bīng qì lèi、 tài jí lèi、 cháng quán lèi hé yì shù lèi。 bīng qì lèi jié mù míng wéi《 bīng fǎ》， yǎn yuán yī chū chǎng jiù chuānzhuó kuī jiá， shí bā bān bīng qì dū huì liàng xiāng。《 tài jí guǎn》 zhù yào zhǎn xiàn gōng fáng hán yì， chén、 yáng、 wú、 wǔ、 sūn wǔ shì tài jí quán dōuyòu tǐ xiàn。 cháng quán lèi jié mù míng wéi《 lóng xíng tiān xià》， yòng 16 gè rén lái biǎo xiàn lóng téng hǔ yuè de yì jìng， yòu hǔ quán、 nán quán děng quán fǎ yǐ jí gè zhǒng tuǐ fǎ zhǎn shì。 yì shù lèi jié mù míng wéi《 gōng fū zhī wáng》， jù xī， xiàng xíng quán、 hǔ bù、 mǎ bù děng wǔ dà bù xíng， hěn duō chuán tǒng yuán sù dū huì biān jìn qù， gè yòu yī liǎng zhāo， zuì hòu luò dào duì kàng lǐ。
　　 cān yǎn zhě xiǎng shòu 'ào yùn xuǎn shǒu dài yù
　　 suī rán cān jiā 'ào yùn wǔ shù biǎo yǎn de wǔ shù jiàn 'ér men， shēn fèn bìng bù shì 'ào yùn cān sài yùn dòng yuán， dàn wèile yíng jiē shì jiè gè guó wǔ shù dài biǎo tuán de dào lái， ào yùn cūn wèitā men kāipì liǎo tè bié de qū yù， zhù sù hé shēng huó xiǎng shòu yǔ 'ào yùn cān sài xuǎn shǒu tóng yàng de dài yù。 18 rì， zhōng guó wǔ shù dài biǎo tuán yǐ zhèng shì rù zhù 'ào yùn cūn。 ér yóu yú wǔ shù zhǎn shì jié mù zhōng yào shǐ yòng gè zhǒng bīng qì， pà shāng zhe guān zhòng， chū yú 'ān quán kǎo lǜ， suǒ yòu“ bīng qì” yào xiǎng jìn sài chǎng， dū fēi cháng bù róng yì， dé xiàng 'ào zǔ wěi、 wén huà bù céng céng shēn bào， jīng guò tǒng yī 'ān jiǎn cái néng shùn lì rù chǎng。 ér bù fēn“ bīng qì” wèile bù shāng hài chǎng dì， hái gǎi yòng liǎo mù zhì pǐn， rú mù dāo、 mù jiàn děng。
　　
　　 diàn yǐng
　　
　　 dǎo yǎn： sī tú yǒng huá
　　 zhù yǎn： hóng jīn bǎo
　　 máo jùn jié
　　 wǔ mǎ
　　 jiān zhì： chéng lóng
　　 guó jiā dì qū： nèi dì
　　 shàng yìng rì qī： 2008 nián 5 yuè 1 rì
　　 mù hòu huā xù：
　　《 wǔ shù》 shì jiǎng shù sān nán liǎng nǚ xué wǔ shù de gù shì， ér máo jùn jié shì zhè wǔ rén zhōng wéi yī shòu guò zhuān yè xùn liàn de yǎn yuán， qí tā sì réndōu shì guó jiā wǔ shù duì tuì yì de yè yú yǎn yuán。 wèn jí wéi hé chéng lóng huì tiǎo xuǎn tā lái chū yǎn gāi piàn， máo jùn jié shuō kě néng shì zì jǐ yòu tái quán dào gōng dǐ de yuán gù， tā zài xīn piàn zhōng chū yǎn yī míng dǎ tái quán dào de nǚ shēng。 máo jùn jié biǎo shì， zǎo zài zhōng xì niàn shū shí， tā jiù xiǎng dào yǐ hòu dāng yǎn yuán kěn dìng yào yǎn wǔ xì de， suǒ yǐ jiù bào míng xué tái quán dào， jìn guǎn xué dé hěn xīn kǔ， wèicǐ jiǎo hái shòu guò yī cì yán zhòng de shāng， dàn tā yǎo yá jiān chí liǎo xià lái， zhè cì zhōng yú kě yǐ pài shàng yòng chǎng。 jù xī， chéng lóng tiǎo yǎn yuán fēi cháng yán gé， tā yào qiú《 wǔ shù》 de zhùjué dū bì xū zhēn dǎ， suǒ yǐ zhǐ huì huā quán xiù tuǐ de yǎn yuán dōubù néng chū yǎn gāi jù。


　　Explained in the dictionary: weapons, military struggle contains a variety of lethal, destructive device device.
　　Cold steel
　　Broad sense refers to the cold steel of the times of cold weapons all weapons and equipment.
　　1. Weapons ancient weapons of China since ancient times has there not only for defense, and sometimes even the identity of a status symbol, "affairs of state, in worship, and military" demonstration of weapons in the ancient countries in a prominent position. Advanced level of weapons, often determines whether a country's prosperity.
　　From the cold steel sub-categories can be divided into 18 kinds, known as the 18-like weapons: knives, guns, swords, halberds, axes, Yue, hook, fork, whip, Mace hammer, grasping, boring, stick , lance, stick, street, and meteors.
　　In the novels, the role of weapons were myths such as: Romantic Swordsman, Sword, etc.
　　Classic Fiction is also accompanied by unusual weapon: Guan broadsword, Zhangbayimao Zhang Fei, Lu Bu Fangtianhuaji so.
　　The development of cold weapons in China
　　About ancient Chinese weapons can be divided into three stages, beginning with prehistoric times, called the Stone Age archaeological terms, we call this stage of the Stone Age weapons.
　　Bronze smelting began after the main weapons material at this time began to become a bronze. We call this period the weapons for the Bronze Age weapons. People to understand, after the metal smelting, this time the main weapons used by the military into the steel material is also done, and on into the Iron Age weapons.
　　Transition period of primitive society to slave society, increasing predatory war, they gradually formed the weapon used in combat and martial arts. Xia still used stone weapons, but improvements, with a small amount of bronze weapons. To the Shang dynasty, the army has become more widespread use of bronze weapons and weapon types increased, the quality has increased substantially. In 1953, the Yin Ruins in Anyang Henan cultural relics have been unearthed in the Shang dynasty bronze spearhead, bronze hooks, bronze Qi, copper knives, copper axes, copper cluster other items. In addition, in Shandong Province Shang Dynasty unearthed weapons Yidu bronze, copper spear head jade, copper Ge.
　　Further diversification of the Western Zhou Dynasty weapons, the soldiers have a long time: Ge, Ji, Yue, spears, axes and so on. Short men have knives, swords and so on. These weapons are mostly copper, firm texture and excellent benefits. Bronze appearance marks the stone tools of human society from time to enter the era of the use of metal utensils; bronze weapons use, so that weapons entered a new historical price segment, and to play its immense power. Iron weapons began in the Zhou Dynasty, the Warring States period has been widely used. Due abundant reserves of iron, iron the hardness strength than copper, but also easy to cast, therefore, iron weapons replaced bronze weapons gradually, the variety is more complete.
　　Ancient types of weapons called the world's most, because that's not entirely universal martial nobility, but also because of sacrificial victims and the reason this practice system. Thus, most of bronze weapons also unearthed in the tombs of the nobility. Such as the Sword of Goujian, King Wu spears, and many weapons are important craftsmen from the main hand, deliberate process refinement, embodied a high degree of wisdom and skill, unusual objects comparable. According to historical records, as well as a large number of archaeological finds show that, when Ge, halberd, spear, Shu, ax, ax, hammer, cone, knives, swords, daggers, etc., and is widely used in the war. Operations, the soldiers clothing armor, operating rod of iron, the use Tie Fu, iron knives, iron ax, spear and other weapons. To the Han Dynasty bronze weapons probably completed the transition to iron weapons, to the Three Kingdoms period, copper weapons have basically pulled out of the stage of history, the evolution of the heyday of iron weapons. According to "Code" reads: "Wei Taizi election Chuyue Liang Pi Engineering Steel knives, iron swords, iron dagger, refined and refining of, as Bai Pi (the exercise 100 times)." Leap in the quality of such weapons, the use of weapons bound demanding higher skills, thereby promoting the development of martial arts. Tang and Five Dynasties iron weapons, the long weapon with spears, guns and long knives dominated.
　　According to "New Book of Tang" record: "Guangbi have Tsuginoikusanokimi, aid spears a thief, the hole girth, the number of people." This shows that the Ming Tang will make good use of spears and sophisticated skills. The main short weapon Zeyi knife. Sword has lost at this time the value of actual combat, a Taoist priest who, ceremonial instruments, martial arts equipment and civil. Fencing has been one of people's favorite martial arts, sword style of a long-lasting. Legend Shixian Bai regular sword, a friend of Choi were praised him: "dancing whisk sword, four are his eyebrows. Tang re-shot, bow and arrow in the structure of compact, standard variety, according to" Tang 6 Code "is written. Arch with a longbow 4 kinds of corner bow, crossbow with Bo Zhang crossbow, crossbows, etc. Point 7, arrows have bamboo arrows, wood arrows, etc. 4.
　　Song, Yuan and the occasion of the so-called "to be versatile," said. In fact, "18," Pan said, but it is actually much more than that. Song has been public, according to Leung, "General Military" records, there are 18 kinds of long rod Tieqiang, other long-handled iron knife, 8 species, 17 in a variety of short weapons, such as hand knife, Tribulus terrestris, Tiebian, iron, iron sword, ax, intense drilling, hook stick, etc.. The famous "pear gun" is generated in the Song Dynasty, the marksmanship has been developed to skilled level. Yuan weapons are fine and useful. Per meter, according to Mao, "Wu Bei Zhi" records, there are various Tieqiang 6, various knives 7. There are fly hook, Yan, Ma fork, pear gun, wolf bamboo brush for utensils (rifles), Flying Laos, Hammer, Tieji weapons such as 49 species, while guns, artillery 6. The Ming Dynasty, "to be versatile," With the specific content. Zhao Ming Xie system "5 Miscellaneous ZU" Volume in the record: "What are 18 like? A bow, two crossbows, three guns, four knives, five swords, six for seven shields, eight axes, 9 Yue, 10 Ji, 11 lashes, 12 Jane, 13 Laos, 14 Shu, 15 forks, 16 Pd, 17 cotton rope cord, 18 Bust. " "To be versatile," talking about weapon skill in the exercises, it is the first 17 kinds of weapons name. The 18th species of the "Bust", Ming Zhu Guo frame "Chung buildings Essays," explained that: "Bust the hand pump of the movie ... ... that the popular boxing." Qing Ming similar weapons, but only breeds more. Knife, there are knives, Pu Dao, Spring sword, 三尖两刃刀, large circular knives, knife Fung mouth, plum knife, waist knife, swords, knives Miao, Zhuang dagger, Yi stabbing ... ... no fewer than 10 species . In addition, the fork, grasp, Shui, crossbows, axes, shields, hook, Shu, hammer,,?, Bar, barbed, cymbals, Yue, palladium, teeth, shovel, etc. even more numerous. The diverse nature of the instruments, so that the contents of martial arts is more colorful. After the founding of new China, with martial arts training and competition needs, knives, guns, swords, sticks and other equipment commonly used in the specifications of specific provisions, on the weight, length, thickness and equipment materials to have specific requirements, the level of the martial arts played a role in promoting improvement.
　　Introduction of ancient weapons
　　9 short: knife, sword, whip, Mace Shui, axes, rods, vertebral, pestle.
　　9 Length: knife, gun, stick, Yue, fork, frying pan, hook, pike, halberd.
　　Ancient books on the cold steel of a number of records
　　1. "Zhou • Summer lawsuit Horse": "Division soldiers, palm five soldiers, five shields, each with its other elements and learn things." First Color Reaction: "Ge, Shu, Ji, Emirates spear, spear barbarian."
　　2. Southern Song Huayue "Cuiwei North levy recorded" VII <arch system>: "military device 30 has six, while the bow is called first; martial arts 10 and eight, and bow as the first."
　　3. Southern Song Yongjia years <Zhang Xie> 48th: "the day before two guys, a Road, owe, owe not a Road, 18 martial arts are not only white tussle."
　　4. Yuan Dynasty in large numbers is said to be versatile, description has become the mantra of life. But not yet see the details.
　　5. Ming He Liangchen, "Array beam Wu Ji •": "The device shall be, because of its provision of short length, should with the terrain, each with guns, bamboo brush for utensils, bows, crossbows, standard, pistol for the long-soldiers, knives, sickle, fork, palladium, license, ax for the short device. "
　　6. Xun Ming Jia Jingguo 100 back to the moment, "Water Margin" second time "Wang Yanan government take private coach, nine patterns in a row historians Village>:" history into the daily point of pulling the king coach, versatile, 11 teach from scratch. that to be versatile? spear, hammer, bow, crossbow, pistol, whip, Mace sword, chain, Laos, ax, ax, and Ge, Ji, license, rod and gun, Cha. "
　　7. Mingxie Zhao system "5 Miscellaneous ZU" Volume: "Orthodox Jisi of change, the recruitment of world warriors. Shandong Li Tong who taught Imperial line, test their skills 18 as emerged, no one with an enemy , thus should be preferred. "(18 as is: a bow, two crossbows, three guns, four knives, five swords, six spears, seven shields, eight axes, 9 Yue, 10 Ji, 11 lashes, 12 Mace 13 dry, 14 Shu, 15 forks, 16 rake head 17 cotton rope cord, 18 Bust.
　　8. Zhu Guozhen, "Chung Building Pieces," the same, but the 13th for the "strike" under the guise of course ought to sound the same.
　　9. Qing Chu who was "strong gourd collection": "Shanxi Li Tung Sin to martial arts 18 things, namely, bows, crossbows, guns, knives, swords, spears, shields, axes, Yue, whip, White, Laos, Shu, fork, head, cotton rope, cervical and Bust, a total of 18 kinds. "
　　10. Qing Chu who was "strong gourd collection • sequel": "Spear, vertebral, bow, crossbow, pistol, whip, White, sword, chain, Laos, ax, ax, and Ge, Ji, license, rod and gun, Cha. "
　　11. Yuan expedition to the Western, the number of weapons from around the back, complex types, it seems, "18-like weapons" and "to be versatile", which is a collectively or budget.
　　12. Idioms proverbs in the person with the weapon: Yijianshuangdiao, Collateral, back thrust, drag the knife design, killer, meteor vertebra,
　　13. Dynasties celebrities to make weapons: Guan broadsword, spear Zhangba Zhang Fei, Lu Bu Fangtianhuaji,
　　Firearm
　　Firearms: The fire of anti-people or firing of weapons, firearms profits hit far. Such as guns, artillery, rocket launchers, hand grenades, nuclear weapons (atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb) and so on.
　　Development of firearms
　　To the Northern Song Dynasty, gunpowder weapons began to be used. China is the hometown of gunpowder, the Chinese army was the first military use of gunpowder weapons. In the Northern Song Dynasty, "General Military" inside about three formulations that Tribulus terrestris fireball, thunder fireballs, gun powder method. Were made with gunpowder machine using rubble shells fired, of course, the first use of riprap machine is the emergence of guns may be the late Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
　　When firearms appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty bamboo, stereotypes "defenders recorded" The book talks about, began bamboo, of gunpowder to put out flame inside, or to burn the enemy. There is to spear the placement of a cartridge below, you can flame, was also called muskets. Means that the firearms began to appear tubular, which is the earliest of the firearm.
　　Gunpowder to the West, because of the social system changes, particularly the seeds of capitalism together, it has a great development. So was the Netherlands, Spain, the merchant ships to China, brought the guns were advanced over the West, Ming Jun-cai see their own behind, it began to notice this problem, they begin to introduce the production technology of Western guns. After the Opium War, the Qing began training recruits, recruits train Yuan, etc., begin the introduction of new Western arms after the history of ancient Chinese weapons is over.
　　Firearms of progress, a wide variety of firearms, after another, dazzling.
　　2. "Weapons" magazine is the most famous military magazine.
　　Martial arts (kung fu):
　　Boxing and the use of weapons technology, is a traditional Chinese sport. ("Modern Chinese Dictionary")
　　Martial arts there are other names: Kung Fu, martial arts and martial arts or martial arts, Chinese traditional sport. Its content is the drop kick ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ get beat down ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ hack ﹑ stab attack movements are composed according to certain rules and equipment of all kinds of hand combat offensive and defensive effort ﹑ thrusting practice. Wushu has a very broad popular support, is the Chinese people's social practice in the long and rich continue to accumulate up to a valuable cultural heritage. Wushu Sanda and currently classified as routine, called Sanda Sanshou, Wushu Challenge is the situation, compared with routine martial arts performances.
　　Evolution】 【Martial Arts
　　Martial arts goes back to primitive society. At that time, humans had already started with sticks and other primitive tools as a weapon to fight with wild animals, one for self-defense, first, to hunt for subsistence, then the people of wealth to compete with each other, thus creating a more lethal weapons. Such as "Shan Hai Jing ‧ After the conquest of the North" have "Chi for army attack the Yellow Emperor" records. In this way, human beings through the fight, not only produced weapons, and gradually accumulated a certain significance of offensive and defensive fighting skills.
　　In the Shang period, bronze industry, take the main battle, there are some bronze weapons such as spear and ax ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ Ge Yue Ji ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ swords and other knives. At the same time, there have been the use of such weapons, such as split gill ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ bar cut techniques. In order to improve combat effectiveness, then have the form of the game. Such as "Book of Rites ‧ Wangzhi" contained in the "technology of any executive power, suitable for the Quartet, bare Gu Gong, never shot Royal", which means the level of martial arts contest.
　　Spring and Autumn period, iron there, step rise of cavalry, in order to play a role in the war Buji, Long Weapon shorter, short handle weapons (especially blade) variable length, so the more enriched the content of weapons, and martial arts Attack and further highlight the same time, martial arts, fitness role of attention. Then the form of a test of martial arts has been widespread, and more impetus to the development of martial arts. According to "pipe ‧ 7 Law" _set_, then each of the "spring angle again." According to "Zhuangzi ‧ The Human World" and "Zi ‧ meeting soldiers" contained, was very particular about a test of martial arts techniques, martial arts play a defensive attack ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ feint so offensive.
　　Qin Shisheng line horns and hand pump, a game referee, a stadium, with some clothing. 1975 Phoenix Hill in Jiangling County of Hubei Province, Qin tomb unearthed a wooden grate at the back of the painting of a grand game: the stage curtain and streamers, stage 3 upper body naked man, wearing shorts, the waist line band, enough to wear head or shoes, 2 in the game, a referee who made his hands protrusion.
　　Han, with the sword dance sword dance ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ Shuang Ji Yue dance dance. Which shows that Han's Martial Arts has been obvious combative, there are special tricks, and there in the form of routine. Han is a martial arts period of great development, has formed a variety of technical style of genre. Such as "Han. Literature and Arts" income "military skills" class will have 13 ﹑ 199, all discussion of the "hand-foot-learning, it equipment, integrated agencies, to establish the offensive and defensive victory," the martial arts monographs.
　　Northern and Southern Dynasties period, frequent wars and bureaucratic elite, or indulge in the art of pleasure or the pursuit of immortality, but its impact has permeated all levels of society life, such as the sword as a mysterious, ceremonial instruments, even Mujian on behalf of the sword , replaced with a preposterous fallacies martial arts, martial arts led to stagnation.
　　Tang and Five Dynasties period, with the feudal socio-economic development and prosperity, martial arts re-emergence of the Wu Tang introduced the system, and test methods with those granted to the corresponding title of outstanding martial arts, such as "Meng Yin Shi", "agile people in" ﹑ "Technology people in", "foot people in illness," there was specific criteria for each title. Such as "Meng Shi Yin" must "have cited five stone arches, Yanuki 5 bar, easy to use halberd spears sword ... ..." ("Wu Bei Zhi Bai Yin ‧ ‧ means of election by the 16th article"). The _select_ion of personnel through the examination system of the martial arts to promote social activities.
　　With the development of Buji war, in battle, is gradually being phased out Ge ﹑ halberd, sword, as military technology and more replaced by knife, but as an exercise routine is still evolving.
　　Rulers of the people, "... ... 20 people gathered above the allowed hunting" ("Yuan judgments" Volume 3, hunger and poverty relief), and even private possession of weapons offense. Adapting to a secret martial arts way more than risk their lives to teaching.
　　Ming is a martial arts period of great development, there have been technical schools of different styles, instruments have been boxing ﹑ development, especially in the martial arts theory, summed up the past experience of representative works include "s New", "Wu articles "," Farming remnant technology "and so on. These works have documented varying degrees of boxing equipment in the schools ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ History campaign action name ﹑ ﹑ Features methods and techniques theory, some of them with verses and instruction pictures for later study provides an important basis for martial arts.
　　Qing rulers prohibited martial arts, rural society, "social", "Hall" pass on the secret form of martial arts association, of which the famous boxing, such as Tai Chi Bagua ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ Pi Gua Quan Xingyi Quan Ba Ji Quan ﹑ etc. Formation of the Qing Dynasty more.
　　Republic of China during this period of the existence of various forms of boxing community, on the dissemination and development of martial arts played a positive role.
　　Classification】 【martial arts
　　Martial arts district classification are to have broken down the river to mountains ﹑ have to clan or division within and outside the home, but also divided according to technical characteristics. Modern generally divided into five categories according to their content; often insist on martial arts training can effectively enhance the physique. ﹑ Martial arts in a variety of boxing on the explosive force of leg and require a higher flexibility, especially in the large range of motion, muscle ligaments have very good training effect, martial arts includes a variety of screw pitch change ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ retractable folding shenfa action, calling for "hand to the eyes to," "hand-eye go hand in hand," "Step Go ﹑ body to step to the" higher on the coordination requirements; entire movements are often formed by the scores of movements, and completed within a certain time, so the body can be all-round development of organ systems. Soft and slow practice ﹑ ﹑ Brisk martial arts, such as tai chi, stress to guide actions intended to meet the uniform deep breath, make the whole body blood circulation, the chronically ill for some exercise as a medical treatment, have a more significant effect. Sanshou confrontational ﹑ ﹑ promoter Wushu Short Weapon ﹑ military and other athletic events long, intense exercise, in addition to enhance physical fitness, but also can cultivate courageous ﹑ ﹑ quick wit and other good character.
　　Concept】 【Martial Arts
　　Martial arts concepts, is awareness. The fundamental basis of martial arts. In the long historical process, the concept of different periods on the expression of different martial arts, its connotation and extension have with the social and historical development and the development of their martial arts development and changeable.
　　Historically, there are many vested martial arts class the name of the Warring States called "Attack" soldier skills class); Han emergence of the "martial arts" in, and continued to the late Ming: Early Southern borrow another "anthology "in" Yan closed Martial Arts "(then refers to the military) and" martial arts "in; Republic of China, said," Martial Arts ": after the founding of new China adopted a" martial arts "is used.
　　With the changes of history, the gradual extinction of cold weapons, special martial arts and boxing equipment for the production routines of large numbers of armed, confrontational project, martial arts competition rules, to develop martial arts has evolved into one of sport. Martial arts sports of its content, form and training methods have undergone great changes, the concept reflects the essential nature of things are changing. Development today, the basic definition of martial arts can be summarized as: martial arts martial is mainly to routine and catch the Big Dipper forms of exercise focus on internally and externally to the Chinese traditional sport.
　　Second, the martial arts is a sport, it is obviously different from the people injured and maimed practical martial techniques. Despite the routine movement contains a wealth of martial way, but its purpose is to enhance business through the exercise of physical and offensive and defensive ability, skill and technique for the contest, the technical requirements and practical techniques have some differences, sport Sanshou technology is of course much closer to the South of practical skills, but because of the competition rules, will be limited to their sport within the competitive sports. In short, boils down to one point, martial arts have a clear physical attributes, sports is the main social philosophy of today's martial arts, medicine, ethics, military science, aesthetics, qigong and other traditional cultural ideas and cultural values, focus internally and externally, such as whole concept of yin and yang view of change, form of monotheism, Qi, movement, said that so rigid-flexible, and gradually formed a unique style of martial arts national cultural system. It is rich in content, meaning deep, not only has the common human characteristics of sports and physical health, but also has the unique philosophy of Eastern civilization, scientific and artistic, more concentrated expression of the Chinese people in the sports field of wisdom. It is a reflection of the culture of Oriental splendor. Therefore, understanding the broad sense, martial arts is not only a sport, but also a national sport, is the Chinese people built up a long-term valuable cultural heritage.
　　【Features】 Martial Arts
　　1. Apartments Attack in Physical Education:
　　Routine exercise is a unique martial arts forms, a lot of action in the technical specifications. Range of motion such as action and martial change the prototype, but the action method still retains the characteristics of Attack. Even though links throughout and exercise skills needs, not interspersed with some sense of defending and attacking movements, but on the whole _set_ of technologies, the main action is still to play, hit, throw, take, hit, stab dharmas as Lord, is a routine technical core. It is characteristic of defending and attacking one by one and come through the performance, bringing together 100 of its combative approach is extremely rich in the amnesty hand. Short men should not be used in technical methods, in routine movement still embodied.
　　2. Internal and external integration, Vivid's national style:
　　Study both physical specifications, they seek spiritual communication. Internal and external integration of the overall concept is one of the characteristics of Chinese martial arts. The so-called, the means, God. Italy and other operational efforts toward the total gas activities: the so-called external, that shape such as hand-eye body step activities. Inside and outside, form and spirit are interrelated and integrated whole.
　　3. A wide range of adaptability:
　　Practice martial arts form, content rich and varied, with competitive antagonistic Sanshou, Pushing Hands, short men, have for a variety of boxing exercises and equipment to the training, as well as their methods and adapt to a variety of exercises. Different boxing moves and equipment have different structures, technical requirements, movement style and amount of exercise, respectively, meet people of different age, gender, physical needs, people can root? Y on its own conditions and interests to choose to practice, while it market pool, the equipment requirements of low, commonly known as "punch wau-land", practitioners can space the size of the
　　Changes in content and practice, even if no device can also be a time reference hand training, practice. In general, by the time limit very small season. Compared with many sports games, all with a wider range of adaptability, martial arts can be under the general decline of civil life time, and this feature was not unrelated to the use of this feature can be provided for the convenience of modern mass sports activities to further martial arts socialization.
　　【Functions】 Martial Arts
　　(A) improve the quality, fitness self-defense, Wushu includes flexion and extension of its action, circle, balance, jump, somersault, or flutter, almost all parts of the body should participate in sports.
　　Systematic martial arts training, human speed, strength, dexterity, endurance, flexibility and other physical requirements higher, the human body, "an action there is no fixed", almost all to participate in sports, people's mental and physical exercise have been the whole West. Practice shows that the joint profits of foreign energy, strong bones, strong body; internal organs can manage, through the channel, adjust the spirit. Martial Arts stresses the interest rate adjustment of qi and ideas activities within the environment in regulating the balance, tone blood, improving body functions, physical fitness is very beneficial.
　　Martial Arts Movement and the struggle movement, are based on martial as its core content, Zhou Gong through martial arts training, not only to enhance the body's role, and patients can learn to cast offensive and defensive combat, especially martial arts skill training, attack and play better effective.
　　Martial arts fighting sport, through the second anti-technology practice, punching, kicking, wrestling and other action of the use of fast, well in the text each other exceed and attack he weaknesses, he avoided edge, pay attention to get machine, too, the upper hand, to improve Judgement and ability to cope. This undoubtedly will raise awareness and self-defense self-defense capability to defeat the enemy. In particular, the armed police and border police officers and men on a more practical meaning and effect.
　　(B) the exercise will develop their characters, practicing on the quality of the test will be multi-faceted. Practice basic skills, to continue to overcome the pain off, temper, "winter training on March 9, dog day of summer practice," year-round exercise and the will of the quality of perseverance. Routine practice, to overcome the dry off and train hard work, tempering of excellence in quality and never complacent. Face strong competitors to overcome the negative to avoid customs, exercise courageous, tenacious, unyielding will to fight. After a long workout, you can train it hard, hard, courageous, tenacious, humble, studious, brave members of our moral habits and will.
　　(D) exchange skills and promote friendship: rich in martial arts, technical reasons connected, after entry will be "Arts endless" feeling. Mass of the martial arts, then it will become, discuss techniques, exchange ideas, a good friendship means. With the martial arts in the world wide dissemination, promotion and foreign martial arts fans can exchange. Martial arts enthusiasts in many countries like Wushu, also love Martial Arts, they understand the Chinese culture through the martial arts, exploring Eastern civilization. Martial arts through sports competition and cultural exchange channels with the friendly exchanges between the peoples of the world are playing an increasingly larger role.
　　【Content】 Martial Arts
　　(For training)
　　Of the training is two or more persons, in accordance with predetermined procedures of the offensive and defensive combat routines. Including hand on training, equipment on training, fitness training and equipment of the three kinds of training method.
　　(A) hand on the practice: is the use of kicking, beating, throwing, holding and other methods, in accordance with the attack, defense, fighting back from combat sports boxing sparring routines, and sometimes boxing, and grappling, Nanquan on training, Xing Yi Quan sparring.
　　(B) of the equipment on the train, are instruments of the hack, hack, attack, attack and stab other methods of composition of the training routine, the main instruments of the training with long, short weapon sparring, long and short on practice, single and double on the training , single-and soft-on training, two-and soft-on training and other forms, often with single-pole, into the gun, three-section cudgel into stick. Double dagger into the gun, sword, etc. on the thorn.
　　(C) of the hand and apparatus of the training is a method of hand, the other holding device for the offensive and defensive sparring routines, such as empty-handed won the sword, won the club empty-handed, empty-handed into the guns and so on.
　　(Group exercise)
　　Group exercise is a collective of hand, equipment or experts and equipment drills. In the race usually require more than six people can change formation, design, musical accompaniment can also be used to require formation neat, coordinated action.
　　Fighting sports, is both of them under certain conditions, according to certain rules of the battle of wits against the practice than the power form. Martial Arts Competition is now progressively undertaken with scattered hand, push hands, short of three soldiers.
　　(A) Sanda, according to certain rules is to use two kick, hit, throw. Take the other methods of winning the competitive sport.
　　(B) of the promoter is both in accordance with certain rules, use of shed, pull, squeeze, press, mining, eg, elbow, by other means, the two sides with adhesive stick, to judge by the feeling of muscle each other's Push, and then made by Jin King will be released each other, thus determine the winner of the competition branch project.
　　(C) short-soldiers: It is a kind of two armed with rattan, leather, cotton production in the short rod-like instrument, in 16 Chinese foot diameter circular venue, according to certain rules. Use of hack, stab, collapse, point, cut and other methods have no idea of competitive sport.
　　】 【Chinese martial arts
　　Chinese martial arts, many routines, present a splendid sight. Of Physical Education Institute study published in 1985, clouds too, "the history of Chinese martial arts," boxing has 46 total some 75 species, some have 27 instruments, see its many intricate. In fact, we discussed above Shaolin, Wudang, Emei, Nanquan four school-house, there are many tribes, the tribes of any significant characteristics of a routine, they may develop into new sects. In addition to four school have a greater number of smaller number of factions, like stars, the formation of the Grand View of Chinese martial arts culture.
　　From the organized sector perspective, the performance of the martial art martial arts groups; from martial arts teacher to the characteristics of the point of view, to learn kinds of martial arts group, and routine performance.
　　Martial have more social, boxing, the art of routine stronger. Two from different angles martial arts groups have come out of the concept of mutual tolerance, mutual cross-exist.
　　Below, we will, "martial arts" 1989 10 10 000 month "routine of boxing," so named from the perspective of boxing out the boxing routine, to see the vastness of the Chinese Wushu numerous and evident.
　　"Buddhist Holy Sin, God, a Boxer named only ghosts, Jiro boxing, Skanda boxing, boxing Monkey King, the Eight Immortals Boxing, boxing day Romania, to evil boxing, boxing six stars, Na Zha Quan, King boxing, boxing Guanyin, Vaughan boxing, Buddhism, boxing, Luohan, Diamond hammer. Ershibasu boxing, four cents on boxing, boxing Seven friends, Lohan mantis boxing, boxing Yasha patrol the sea, Vajra Samadhi palm, Yasha iron palm, etc..
　　The "door" named - I gate fist, hard door boxing, boxing Famennian, Buddhism boxing, boxing Red Gate, the Fish Gate boxing, boxing Confucius, throttle boxing, boxing Watergate, fire door boxing, boxing birds gate, Buddhist Fist , narrow gate boxing, boxing the word gate, Sun doors boxing, boxing strict door. Bear Door boxing, boxing natural doors, new doors lead boxing, boxing Lohan doors, mill door boxing, boxing, etc. Water Margin door.
　　To name names - and Liu Quan, Caijiaying boxing, Li Quan, Mok Ka boxing, boxing Wu family, Xuejia boxing, loyalty to boxing, Zhao Quan, Du boxing, boxing Chow, Chi-style boxing, temperature home boxing, Chia-boxing, Zou Quan, Gao Quan, QI Jia Quan, Hung Buddhist Fist, Yue tutor, bell tutoring, tutor Diao, Li tutor, tutor Zhu, Cai Lifo boxing, with boxing's Yue, Luo 3 show, Yang bunt, Hu stamp feet, stamp feet Hao, Chen Tai Chi Chuan, Yang Tai Chi Chuan, Vu Thi Tai Chi, Sun Tai Chi, Wu Tai Chi Chuan, Lin down boxing, Vu Thi 10 8 technology, etc..
　　Bruce named 11 animals, snake boxing, boxing tiger, leopard boxing, crane boxing, boxing lion, like boxing, horse fist, monkey boxing, boxing Biao, dog boxing, boxing chicken, duck fist, dragon fist, dragon pile boxing, dragon of boxing, OK Bruce, dragon fist, fire, Bruce, Bruce Green, dragon changquan, sea dragon fist, snake tongue boxing, tiger fist, Black Tiger Fist, Blue Tiger Fist, white tiger fist, hunger Tiger Fist, Tiger Fist, Tiger Fist, tigers boxing, five virtual boxing, boxing eight tigers, Tigers & Boxing, boxing back to Tiger, tiger boxing side of the car sloppy boxing, boxing Tiger Hidden Hill, Five Tigers flock boxing, work word tigers boxing, boxing Tiger Balm, Tiger Crane Double Form Boxing, White Crane, Crane were boxing, Minghe boxing, flying crane boxing, boxing food crane, crane fist full, hungry crane boxing, boxing five Zuhe Yang, Yong-chun white crane fist, a one-man flying crane boxing, lion-shaped punch, Lion Boxing, Shi Hu boxing, two lion hold ball fist, power fist ape, ape fist, monkey fist rou bowed to the ground, the short arm of White Ape Fist, white ape steal peach punch , chicken-shaped punch, duck-shaped punch, eagle boxing, boxing eagle rock eagle boxing, Thai boxing, boxing kite, kite changquan, Yan fist, geese palm, butterfly palm, cattle turtle boxing, boxing crabs, Minnesota boxing , oriole shelves, mandarin duck boxing, mantis boxing, hard mantis boxing, secret door mantis boxing, eight step mantis boxing, plum blossom mantis boxing, seven star mantis boxing, wrestling hand mantis boxing, Luhe mantis boxing, light board locust mantis boxing, Yuhuan mantis boxing, etc. .
　　Named to the daily debris - towel boxing, boxing fan, umbrella boxing, Hua Quan, boats boxing, boxing bell, boxing bench, boxing jacket, boxing cloud broom, braces off boxing, flowers Boxing, Plum Flower, Lotus boxing, spiral boxing, boxing gate, white boxing, boxing Tom bottles, Zhan Yi boxing, female boxing clothes, boxing three wars Tieshan, 30 Luk Hop lock.
　　Named by means of plug - boxing, boxing cut, hanging boxing, boxing gear, bar-boxing, Kata, wearing boxing, boxing tear, turned boxing, artillery fist, palm cover, swordsman, short hand, five hand punch, should hand boxing, boxing hand kneading, co-hand fist, closed fist hand, practiced hand boxing, bar hand fist, Pi Gua Quan, put down block punch, hit boxing, boxing through arms, killer of palm, palm against arm, the word hand, cross hands, row Handball, vancomycin hand, Huang Ying hand, eight Black Hand, Kam eight hands, according to Yang hand, gold gunmen, Plough hand, to Sha Shou, four heavy-handed, broke up eight quick, biting hand Liuhe boxing, boxing covered hand Luhe, Jiugong capture or hand, Lohan 18 hands, 24 broken hand, 36 closed hand, 72 intervention, 36 to see counterparties.
　　By step, leg named - namely, snap dark legs, Inspector legs, arms and legs, with legs, stamp feet, four-step boxing, boxing six-step, eight-step boxing, training step Huan, wearing boxing step, cis-step pounding, pounding step back, step pounding block, Chung-step pounding, chaotic eight-step, three-step framework, five-step beat, eight-step turn, dug sub leg, foot slide type, 12-step frame, six-step bulk hand, cross legs boxing, slipped tripod child, step chain mandarin ducks, deer step plum post, eight-step chain-boxing, Jiu Gong 18 legs, Shaolin 28-step, progressive duck legs and other chain.
　　To lay boxing class - to lay fist, to punch line, to power stamp feet, to successfully turn son to power Luohan, live law Bruce Wong, to lay the Eight Immortals Boxing, King lay in boxing, Shaolin to Bruce, to duck power fist, dragon fist to lie down, roll 18 or so 9.
　　Drunken Master Class - Pat Sin drunk, drunk water swim, drunk slide block, the Eight Immortals punch drunk, drunk Luohan, Wen Quan Eight Immortals, the Eight Immortals Wu boxing, boxing great Eight Immortals, the Eight Immortals mixed boxing, Qing Eight Immortals Boxing, Shaolin Drunken Master, Forms of the Eight Immortals boxing, boxing Lohan drunk, too drunk boxing since, Wu drunk or boxing, or boxing drunk Yan Qing, Shi Xiu drunken boxing, boxing, etc. Lu Striking the gate.
　　Or boxing class - or flutter fist, stick or fist, Zhan Yi 18 or, Wu mixed boxing, boxing handcuffs off Wu, boxing, etc. Water Margin chain.
　　In addition, there are parts of the famous boxing: Xing Yi Quan (boxing mind Luhe), Dacheng Quan (Yi Quan), Bagua Quan, Ba Gua Zhang, Ba Ji, Luhe boxing, boxing investigation, Chinese boxing, red boxing, Boxing Day , Mian Zhang, cotton boxing, Tai Xu Quan, Jiro boxing, compassion boxing, boxing skill, the stone fist, Citylink boxing, two appearances boxing (Tai Chi fast fist), one-armed fist, crazy boxing, boxing ambush, Behind boxing, Myanmar boxing, wrapping boxing, boxing wrestle consultations, such as Sunrise palm.
　　Routine well-known instruments are: 8 Jinsuo knife, Bagua Dao, gossip big guns, Jiuzhou stick, Luhe knives, guns Luhe, Luhe sword, Luhe stick, sun, moon and heaven and earth knife, sun, moon and heaven and earth ring, Shaolin pole 18 roll, Tai Chi sword, Tai Chi sword, stick River State, crescent gun, stick Dharma, Dharma stick, Shun Yeung sword, the Eight Immortals Shun Yeung Sword, Wudang Sword, Qingping Jian, Yuan Qingping Jian, Yang Qingping Jian , Jia Qingping sword, knife plum plum gun.
　　From these martial arts martial, boxing, routine in the control xia martial arts culture to pursue, there are two meanings, one that you can see the Xia culture, history and reality of martial arts in the source; Second, Xia culture, martial arts can be seen in Components and imagination and reality gap. Understand these, I believe that the powers of the Xia culture, and further understanding and appreciation will have some meaning and value.
　　【Martial arts and "Book of Changes"】
　　Chinese martial arts and classical literature, is the symbiotic relationship between the same root, is Chinese traditional culture of the two-Pitt, called Gemini, a similar picture, as brilliant. Little attention, will find the origin of Chinese martial arts is the Beginning of Chinese classical literature; Wen Shi with weapons and equipment is at least two or three thousand years ago, like a pair of twin brothers to join hands and line; dance bar and get the gun stonewalls , is to be our early ancestors is looking at two aspects of cultural accomplishment. History, there are numerous martial arts writers themselves, but also many literary works full of martial arts style. This is no precedent in world cultural history can be said of the Chinese nation's unique cultural phenomenon.
　　In general, people rarely get together martial arts and classical literature to talk about, especially in the symposium on; and we have very little in various publications, see the martial arts and classical literature, both interwoven, complement each other of and discussed. Especially in the martial arts and classical literature joint cooperation, such as the two act in harmony, like a blacksmith, after thousands of years of heating, quenching, forging a common ideal of Chinese national character personality and perfect this point, no one found At least no one explicitly elaborate. When I was surprised to find this point, I respect martial arts and classical literature arises spontaneously. Can not wait 45 years old when the chickens began to hammer the wall to steal light.
　　"I Ching" was born the concept of the earliest martial arts.
　　"Book of Changes", the clear about martial arts, the "gentleman except Rong device, Ring has no fears of" the sentence, saying that "gentlemen should remediation weapons, in case of emergency." This modern martial arts for fitness, self-defense is consistent with the concept. Among them, "Lee Taketo of Zhen" in the "Taketo" --- is at home in the ancient martial art of direct "appearances." "Vigorous and Chiang Kai-shek," said the man, also the martial arts. The so-called "Li Tian Zhidao, say yin and yang; site of the Road, said, soft and rigid; Li live by, said, benevolence and righteousness", and discussed the law of cosmos and human health, including the establishment of the concept of gossip, all of the future generations Martial Arts has played a huge and profound impact.
　　"Yin and yang is called Tao. To know almost everything the Road, the world economy. In heaven as in the ground forming, changing, see carry on. Is a solid phase Rigid Mount, gossip with swing." - You "Book of Changes" in of these ideas, said to now Taijiquan and Baguazhang Bagua boxer, have said they like the line of the words.
　　【Introduction】 Martial Arts
　　Chinese martial arts-loving friends and more difficult to get the road started suffering. We also know that many Chinese martial arts heterodoxy. According to our understanding the introduced common sense 12, please work to understand, flexible use.
　　1. Understand ourselves, and experience the life
　　Our body:
　　Our bodies are head, trunk, limbs, hair, skin, flesh, bones, organs, nerves, sensory, purposeful, lung, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys, eyes, ears, nose, tongue, with brain and spinal cord. There was once a lot of people can not distinguish heart and brain, are much better now. Our bodies are complex and changing arena. Respiration, circulation, digestion, excretion, movement, metabolism, immunity, regulation, and the process of human phenomena that constitute our common world.
　　Our minds:
　　Our minds are mental events. Function of the nervous system of human evolution so that we may understand and transform the world.
　　Our minds to thinking, you can think, good at learning, focusing on innovation.
　　Our minds create ethics, law, mythology, religion, legend.
　　Our minds have invented all technology, appreciation of the arts, advocate science, love of literature possible.
　　Our bones:
　　Our bones are about 206, to provide basic framework for the whole body, with shaping, pragmatic, protection and sport functions. The backbone of the spinal bones.
　　Our bones are divided into the skull, trunk bones, limbs 3.
　　The ends of the bones by cartilage, ligaments or joints connecting. Both joint activities, and very strong; the composition of the top joint of the bone-side covered with a layer of articular cartilage, can buffer the shock movement. A connective tissue around the joint formed by the cyst, called the joint capsule; joint capsule is sealed, its called the joint cavity inside the cavities. Joint capsule divided into two levels: outer dense fiber layer, inner layer of the synovium, the thin, loose connective tissue; synovial secretion of synovial fluid in the joint cavity can reduce the friction when the joint movement.
　　In addition, certain joints in the joint cavity also has intra-articular ligament and articular cartilage (meniscus or articular disc), making the connection more solid bone.
　　Skull from the 23 different bone size and shape, divided into two parts, cranial and facial skull. After the skull in the top of the formation of the cranial cavity, protecting brain; surface below the skull on the front, forming the outline of the face and form of orbital, nasal and oral bony base.
　　Body composition of spinal bone, including 24 single vertebrae (7 cervical, thoracic 12, lumbar 5), a sacrum and a coccyx and composition of the thorax of the 12 pairs of ribs, costal cartilage and a piece of the sternum. Through the disc between the vertebrae, ligaments and intervertebral joints to connect into the spine through the spinal canal length, the contents of the spinal cord. The entire spine in the anteroposterior direction with four curved convex forward neck, chest, back convex, convex waist forward, backward sacral convexity, which bend the body to adapt to the upright posture, in the wake of the growth process .
　　The limb bones, including the scapula, clavicle, humerus, ulna, radius, carpal 8 (navicular, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform bone, trapezium, trapezoid, head shape and hamate), metacarpal 5 and phalanx, they were composed of shoulder, elbow, wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints and knuckles.
　　Lower limb including the hip (from the ilium, pubis, ischium form), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bone 7 (talus, calcaneus, navicular, first, second, third cuneiform bone, cuboid bone), metatarsal and the phalanx of 5, which respectively formed the hip, knee, ankle, tarsometatarsal, metatarsophalangeal joints and toe joints.
　　Our skeleton is a live organ, has its growth, development and the aging process, always keep metabolism.
　　Our muscles:
　　Our skeletal muscle is to exercise the power organ. Body skeletal muscle is about 600, about 40% body weight.
　　Each _set_ of muscles formed by a number of muscle bundles, each muscle bundle it by the numerous muscle fibers, muscle connective tissue surface of package, called muscle membrane, _insert_ed into the intramuscular connective tissue wrapped muscle bundle, called the muscle bundle membrane, the final stretch Each parcel within the beam into the muscle fiber, called endomysium.
　　Blood vessels and nerves (sensory and motor fibers) into the muscle along the muscle membrane, but also the distribution along the muscle bundle to the muscle fiber membrane to regulate muscle tension, so that muscle contraction and regulate muscle nutrition, metabolism and growth.
　　Our internal organs:
　　Our internal organs mainly by digestive, respiratory, urinary organs, reproductive organs and other components. One of the digester, including digestive tract and digestive gland of two parts. From the digestive tract from the mouth, extending to the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum), colon (cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon), rectum, anus finally. Digestive gland with the salivary glands, liver, pancreas and digestive tract wall of numerous small glands. Gland secretions into the digestive tract catheter involved in the digestion process. Respiratory, including the passage of gas - the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, and gas exchange organs - lungs. Nose, pharynx, larynx and trachea, commonly known as upper respiratory tract, bronchial these are called the lower respiratory tract. In addition, the pleura and pleural cavity is a breathing assist device. Urinary organs function is to produce and excrete urine. Urinary organs including kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra. Reproductive system and urinary system occurred in individuals have a common origin, so the two systems often collectively referred to as the genitourinary system. Reproductive organs including the gonads (testes or ovaries), and other reproductive tract.
　　Our Meridian:
　　Meridians are meridians and collaterals in general. Meridian qi and blood is running body contact organs Segment, communication up and down outside, pathways regulating the various parts of the body. Through the intersection of the meridian line and through the human body's internal organs to limbs Bai Hai, features Jiuqiao, tendons and skin and other tissues and organs into an organic unity.
　　Our meridians throughout the body, a total of serious 12 (morbidity, hand, foot morbidity,, Sanyang hand, foot Sanyang), kidneys and numerous collaterals.
　　12 serious contacts in accordance with their internal organs of the yin and yang properties and its location in the body along different lines determined. Yang is Fu, the lateral line in the limbs, Yin and are dirty, the inside line on the limbs; hand by-line in the upper extremity, foot by the line in the lower limb.
　　Kidneys is the Governor Vessel, Conception Vessel, red veins, with vein, Yin-dimensional pulse, Yang-dimensional pulse, Yinqiao vein, Yang Rocker general vein. Kidneys between cross-linked by the 12 serious and has strengthened the links between the meridians to regulate qi serious role.
　　Our lives:
　　Our life is limited. Slow down the old, less disease, little later died, can be reached through the practice.
　　Our health:
　　Our health is relative. For health, different times, regions, culture, human beings have significantly different interpretations and feelings.
　　We always insist on reform advocates, to avoid the Revolution.
　　Our souls:
　　Our soul is the inner world. Dead body at the same time, the soul will be as invisible. Commander of the spiritual power of our body.
　　We are happy:
　　Our happiness is physical and mental comfort. Heaven Hop, Object and the Subject, is bliss.
　　Our point:
　　Our infinite number of points, commonly used in more than 300. One Baihui and Dazhui, Mingmen, long strong, perineum, Guan Yuan, Qi Hai, Zhong Wan, tanzhong, YINTANG, temples, listening to house, gu, labor Palace, Shenmen, internal relations, music pool, shoulders well, on the door, the door to Beijing, Zhang door, red door, ring dance Point, a sea of blood, Zusanli, Cheng Shan, Sanyinjiao, springs and so much more important.
　　Our vital:
　　The crucial point of our major head, chest, belly and crotch (vaginal), Liang Lei, lower back, after the heart.
　　Top Heart Baihui, two places the sun in Yintang eyebrow, dual moon eyes, nose pigment, and lips of those, the mandible edge of the door listening ear Palace, neck Adam's apple, people welcome artery.
　　Left and right breast, chest tanzhong, abdominal triangle, both sides of weakness, Shenque navel, abdominal kidney bladder and vaginal capsule.
　　Behind jade pillow, both sides of ears, back thoracic, subscapular along, the soul back door, left and right loin muscle, lumbar Gate of Life, Long Tail strong.
　　Thigh red door, knee crane top face of huge voids, and the foot stuck Valley, the appointment of knee, foot springs.
　　Our weaknesses:
　　Our weakness is the pivot point of death, pain points, sensitive points, crucial point, strain point.
　　Head part of the temporal bone, sphenoid, nasal bone, the mandible weak. These places are the main target of beating technology.
　　Trunk vertebrae, ribs weak. Vertebrae by the impact, easy to damage the spinal nerve; ranging from paralysis, while in death. Vital organs within the body generally weak. Inertial vibration can damage internal organs thoroughly.
　　Upper part of the bones and joints are often the object of capture technology.
　　Lower limb bones and joints are usually the object of wrestling techniques.
　　Our step form:
　　Our main, two-step model: bow step, the actual situation further. Step longer than the bow and arrow attack, Ideological and wonderful step in the retreat.
　　Our body type:
　　We have three main body types: upright, Luozuo, supine.
　　Our hand-type:
　　Our hands, there are three main types: fist, palm, means. Boxing training easier than the metacarpal that difficult to learn than the palm and fist attack.
　　Our attitude:
　　Our attitude can be analyzed from four perspectives.
　　Section. Launched at the root, dominate in the branch, acting on the tip. Steadily release as the soft, steadily through the just.
　　Plate. The middle one, legs, torso, arm coordination. Heaven, Earth, too.
　　Circle. Shoulder and hip as the internal projection, Zhou Xi projection as in hand-foot projection for the outside. Emotional body also.
　　Frame. Longbridge Malaysia big to the small hands were bunt; slow those leisurely, were free to respond quickly; circle are linked together, were always a little unscented; soft were silent lubricant, just by Total Annihilation; side by angular , round by round and inside and outside; _set_ by the wind shaking the mountain, living by the rising tide rivers.
　　Our step:
　　Footwork is the five elements of our gossip. Forward, backward, left, and right hope, in the _set_, the five elements; front, left front, right front, being the rear, left rear, right rear, left direction and right direction for the gossip.
　　Gu is a step in the door to play, flash is going into the side door.
　　Our shenfa:
　　Our shenfa mainly the following four.
　　Qi Shen Dan Tian (gravity effect). Gas that is commonly referred to a sense of proprioception. Gravitational force between Earth and the human body, gravity point position for the body movement effects. Vertical center of gravity and the traditional theory of the pubic region generally the same location.
　　Virtual collar top strength (strength effect). Muscle stretching force is the dominant force of human motion. The arbitrary strength is an important issue for practitioners.
　　CKS times of refreshing may (stable equilibrium). Zhan Zhuang training of static balance, static and dynamic in Apartments; line balancing boxing training capacity, and seeking quiet dynamic.
　　Song static nature (uniform stress).
　　Our approach:
　　Change the way we talk endless prosperity, that only a just a slightly soft, a virtual one real, one loose a tight, action was a quiet ear. Speaking world have loose elastic strength, there are that live round strength, and also talk about virtual Ling Jin's; have said Yang Jin, contradictory posturing, but also about opening and closing of strength, whether or not Jin's; there are good intentions about 8 Jin law, there is genius on 36, 72 King's, it is difficult to make out. Editor's Note that the equality of personality, talents are different, and can only cater for individual needs, varies. Beginners general should focus on circling, big, round, uniform, slow. Play is _set_ to take a chain, or throw a pass back and forth.
　　Our image:
　　We have the whole image should be upright. We can not Qianfu back, left oblique distorted the right, up and down out of line.
　　We feel:
　　We feel should be virtual spiritual comfort.
　　Our reasons:
　　Our reason is the natural emptiness. Everything sera, all originally allowed.
　　Our homework:
　　Hour, day, month, year.
　　Son, L, d, unitary is 4:00; neutrons should meditation, noon should practice moving, Mao Shi to blood, You Shi is raising gas. Sunrise and wake up, smell the chicken dance; at sundown, Shou-Cheng Hok effect.
　　Tight three-day, the 6th song, 9 daily; on down, lack of full moon, people work and rest.
　　Mixing time, have a time; day training, the 1st power; power full moon, one long function.
　　Species of ground spring, summer sweat, real autumn, winter and hidden treasures.
　　Year-round classes, life-long study, persistent demand, the final pass.
　　Morning and evening; large and small.
　　The contents of their first class of three: wake up, line, shape.
　　Wake up wake up the first class mind, sleep gradually rapt attention, the interest rate adjustment micro medicines, beating drum gear light rinse;
　　Eye opener norm scratch brotherhood, massage the body meat, bone flap over the body.
　　Wear suitable clothing, with the necessary materials, arranging appropriateness home, brewing a good wish;
　　Drink a glass of white water, walking line km, upright head and chest, belly and stretch arms and legs.
　　Form is necessary, the content is more critical, training through the organization of writing, movement, fun;
　　Snake to pupae move, sweat and gas fixed, body odor 13 situation, to understand Tai Chi Chuan;
　　Emotional speech momentum of flesh and blood of the situation, elastic skin bones, adjust and Manner.
　　Evening classes, there are three elements: environment, static, net.
　　Environmental lesson to be loose body, hungry heart full and no security, after eating four carved, by aligning a kind;
　　Under the guise of feelings, think of the physical and psychological meaning, sensitive world of people, to express and Manner.
　　Contemplation really wonderful move, there are no empty flag letter sternly paper, the flowers read often;
　　Yi Jin Song round living, pulp washing net Brisk, alchemy fire blue, clear sense of Zen;
　　Shower scene, the washing the Red things down Daqian community, aware into 100 Magic Palace.
　　Great service usually once a week, usually chenshi time around.
　　Merits and easy practice, there is extraordinary secret.
　　Minor merits generally three times a week, when the time is generally not around.
　　Minor merits careful study, long out of learning.
　　Piles, Bridge, fork, Ding:
　　Static stance is simple and easy basic homework. Pricked, that one person, a big, nothing more. The principle is very simple and obvious, independent obey God, breathing fine air, if a muscle.
　　Successful training must be progressive bridge, not urgent.
　　Fork power divider horizontal, vertical.
　　Ding inverted shoulder and elbow function should start from practicing, by the headstand, handstand, single handstand, that inverted, the final push hands training Ding,
　　Tripod with one hand pushing.
　　Circle, waves, quiet, that:
　　Space Power for the nine (head, thorax, abdomen, upper arm, forearm, hand, thigh, calf, foot) of space circular motion.
　　Wave function for the whole body of the order of the coordination curve movement.
　　Quiet power to somersault, balance, force, static, and jumping skills in sports training.
　　Out power to understand and grasp the fist fight from the awareness of the potential starting to realize and experience the profound sense of unlimited training. About Chuangtzu, cloud hands up and down, pushing around the palm, inside and outside the rotating means.
　　Song, Jing, Lian, Yang:
　　Loose: shake, Akira, trembling, shaking, twisting, lying, stretch, pull.
　　Meditation: sticking.
　　Refine: Mental concentrate.
　　Keeping the Spirit: Imitation of Nature.
　　Our Center of Velocity:
　　Concentrate on a state; refreshing is a state; carried away is also a state.
　　Internal and external, static, actual situation, elastic. Within the human body, external to the environment; action is coordinated, static for the balance; virtual as tolerance, in fact, heavy; pine as a flexible, tight as tough.
　　Our means:
　　Professor give a hand. Take the hand is the best way to explain one of offensive and defensive skills. Specifically, image, security. Ling also.
　　Exercise * hand. * Hand is familiar with the tactics of the necessary means and skills. Live also.
　　Learning rubbing hand. Rub hands to civilization, and refined to experience the feeling of fighting against. And also.
　　Pushing Hands training. Pushing Hands is unique in that the partners of coordination and balance. Stable and flexible complement to the contrary, the unity of opposites is the training of the core issues. With also.
　　Experience of thugs. Hatchet man is the key advantage of the opportunity and reasonable opportunity to easily release the fat edge. Fly also.
　　Test Sanshou. Sanshou is called the least bit subtle (size nothing, Jin Liang Qian PCT) see the difference between that point to and inch only. Temporal and spatial sense, movement sense is an important quality of the Boxing trainer. Strength and range of control is the core topic Sanshou. Sanshou confrontational and competitive nature. Injury also.
　　Tiger ears double wind potential, advance and retreat will be to move the two bar hammer;
　　Tiger Hill hold about pushing down, three-arm back around the turn;
　　Phi body Chuangtzu free kick, duck leg defeat to win;
　　Horse mane stare students, teen idol shuttle up and down together.
　　Our skills:
　　Bone-_set_ter. Simply put, bone-_set_ting is the up and down and walk away, hands and feet.
　　Throw up. Hold the key is to throw up, release.
　　Our behavior:
　　Resistance with humility, courage and wisdom.
　　Our limitations:
　　Will be sick, will the old, die.
　　Our values:
　　We can prevent disease, slow aging, improve physical and mental, change the world. Less illness, slow aging, late die.
　　Our risk:
　　And the regime's reckless ignorance is dangerous.
　　Our protection:
　　Learning and training is our protection.
　　Our predators:
　　We both natural predators, but others in order; both external and also memory.
　　Our self-defense:
　　Our self-defense to avoid internal damage both the impassioned, Exogenous six evils, including the pursuit of mental and physical coordination, Heaven Hop.
　　We hope:
　　Our hope is that the perfect life, world peace.
　　Our Vision:
　　Xian, Buddhist, Confucian, Xia, Yan.
　　Hermit is cents; to avoid noise, annoyance of human social strife, retreat in the natural environment, and the world is the Taoist ideal of the same spring.
　　Vladimir is Vladimir non; human civilization of the non-fixed, clear, specific knowledge, the ideal of Buddhism is to promote Going obedient.
　　Need FELL; human society and the animal world of difference is whether the ethical order, Confucian ideal is to be merged into one world.
　　Human equality; every person has the right to live happy, happy development, warrior ideal is to achieve universal brotherhood.
　　Love others as yourself; concern sufferings of others, to help others live, is the ideal benevolent relief of the poor and needy, solve problems.
　　2. Looking back on history and society in
　　Jagged past
　　Yesterday, bitterly painful human characteristics.
　　Drums sound millennium beacon burning Five Continents. Bow and shoot each other, brandished a knife and stroke death.
　　Now Yan Liang
　　Today, humanity can not be optimistic.
　　Resources, the environment is getting worse, survival, development is faced with enormous challenges. Complex ethnic and class conflict, religion, law, ethics, customs, and cultural differences gradually expanding.
　　The future of the peace
　　The future of humanity irresistible.
　　The development of culture and education, conduct scientific research activities, can fundamentally promote the progress of the world. Human and political democratization, economic and scientific and cultural liberalization inevitably contributed to the world of real peace.
　　3. Learning theory, to grasp the system
　　Road (abstract speculative)
　　Manager (historical logic)
　　Method (systematic and comprehensive)
　　Surgery (for convenience *)
　　Road: Heaven Hop, Object and the Subject.
　　Environment: human survival and development of the environment arena. Natural environment, social environment, physical environment, psychological environment are important.
　　Climate: the body's physiological activity to be affected by climate, it is common sense. Human psychology, ethical behavior is also affected by climate around, though difficult to understand, but it is a fact.
　　Location: flat, dry, clean, bright.
　　Individual practice, the two square enough. The so-called punch wau-land.
　　Group practice, three square meters per capita can be.
　　Room teaching, should choose suitable shed about five meters high.
　　Outdoor teaching, surrounded by trees and flowers the best.
　　Clothing: spacious, comfortable, breathable, absorb sweat.
　　Equipment: varies according to local capabilities.
　　Prey: Nutrition can not be ignored. First, the energy to balance. Second, the elements to complete. It should be noted once again, supply must be promptly and fully.
　　Reasons: ideological emancipation, emotional communication.
　　Fan Education: law practice, sequential learning. Fist fight is the foundation. First fixed potential, even after the situation.
　　Etiquette: respect for teachers righteousness, calm. Kindness is the key. To learn boxing, will be reasonable.
　　Self-study: master lead the way to the front of their own issue not join also in vain. Rare opportunity see the path, my heart diligent in Dawu. Subjective efforts are necessary factors. Only an active, practicing to be successful.
　　Assistant Coach: Road, financial, and companion, to cause the four, the most precious companion. High Mountain and Flowing easily * Hard to Find Concert comrades. Successful learning mentor's help is a necessary condition for the Chinese martial arts.
　　Method: physical and mental coordination, integration and spirit.
　　Meditation: input, assimilation.
　　Focus all our attention to the cultivation activities. Difficult in all sorts generally distracting thoughts. The solution is simple, life practice and the practice of daily life. As long as the sense of balance in, as long as the treat life as long as the appreciation of the world, we constantly static. Respiratory situation changes, diet and water easily. Usually contain secret, a quiet Apartments million move. Down to fame, has realized the true meaning. Ma independence from, free me know.
　　Warm-up: adaptation and preparation.
　　Cultivation activities require a high degree of mental and physical coordination. To practice, our body can not start to peak condition, but gradually began to rise after a period of time in place. This process is called the warm-up. This phenomenon is due to the human body are the nervous system regulating all activities to achieve the reflection; central excitability enhancement, excitement impulse conduction along the reflex pathway, the function of various organs to mobilize all take time. In other words, human activities from the beginning to play the maximum exercise capacity is a process. From another perspective, warm-up is to overcome the physical inertia of the process. We must bear in mind first of all carrying small loads for some time, you can help us later in the official practice. Because the warm-up activities will enable us to gradually enter the state, so to avoid a lot of hurt and frustration. The length of warm-up process speed of individual difference. Warm-up exercise generally lower than the official practice. Warm-up can make the process of growth metabolism, to a general increase in nerve, muscle and other tissue in the excitability of the blood vessel expansion, muscle viscosity decreased, increased muscle contraction and relaxation rate, increased tendon, ligament stretching and flexibility. Content is generally warm-up walking, jogging and other activities. Warm-up standard is slightly sweated without asthma. The total cultivation time is usually half the time.
　　Regulating Qi: transfer gas is finishing activities.
　　Repose: a very important and difficult to master. In short, called psychological adjustment. Repose is started martial arts, but also studies methods. Repose is not simply individual behavior. Repose need certain cultural training, social environment.
　　Respiratory: Nature. Not much ado about nothing, and does not make claims, not blindly imitate, not arbitrary.
　　Fell to the ground: This is the entry level of technology. Easy, safe, smooth, fast action required to complete lying on the ground often repeated practice. Coordination is the premise of safety. Points lying on the ground is a buffer.
　　Fight: bear fight that we must have the ability.
　　We should be gradual, persistent efforts to improve combat capability. On the one hand and physical force against the other, and skills related.
　　There are many ways to combat training. We recommend that you use according to their own work situation. Introduction to general practice should begin self-massage, a gradual transition to instruments tapping, squeezing by each other. Fight Training Essentials is a free elastic.
　　Induction: a sense of things moving, things should be natural.
　　【About the Olympic Games become a martial arts project】
　　Have been identified as the Beijing Olympic Games Wushu ad hoc projects will be decided at a total of seven medals, including Martial Arts 5, Sparring each one. But this seven Olympic gold medals will not take up places at the same time is not included in the final medal table. But access to martial arts champion athletes, will enjoy equal treatment Olympic champion, and received the gold medal will also be included in the 11 Games in 2009, plus cards in the.
　　Although not an official Olympic sport, but in view of Chinese martial arts in the eyes of the special status of people's concern on this project, better than anything else bad.
　　Martial arts _set_ up 15 gold medals
　　It is understood that a special Olympic martial arts exhibition, a total of 10 gold medals _set_ routine of men and women, men and women Sanshou five gold medals. Competition for specific projects, the routine: men Changquan, Nanquan Nangun all-around man, all-around men's tai chi tai chi sword, sword and stick man, the Almighty, all-around men's spear fencing, women's changquan, women's all-around knife blows south, Women's Tai Chi Chuan Tai Chi Sword Dance, Women's knife and stick the Almighty, all-around women's spear fencing. Boxing: Men's 56kg, men's 70 kg class, men's 85kg, women's 52kg, women's 60 kg class.
　　37 Chinese athletes participating
　　Olympic athletes who enjoy participating treatment
　　Although the Olympics martial arts martial arts heroes, not the Olympic Games as athletes, but in order to meet the arrival of the delegation of martial arts around the world, the Olympic Village opened for them in particular areas, accommodation and living to enjoy the same treatment with Olympic players. 18, the Chinese Wushu delegation has officially admitted the Olympic Village. And because martial arts display program to use a variety of weapons, afraid of hurting the audience, for security reasons, all "weapons" If we want into the stadium, are very easy to get to the Olympic Organizing Committee, the Ministry of Culture to declare at every level, through the unified security can be successfully admission. For the "weapons" in order not to hurt the site, also use a wood products, such as the wooden knife, Mujian so.
　　Film
　　Director: Antony
　　Starring: Sammo Hung
　　Mao Junjie
　　Wu Ma
　　Producer: Jackie Chan
　　Country: Mainland
　　Release Date: May 1, 2008
　　Behind the scenes:
  

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