字典中解释：兵器，军事斗争中包含有各种杀伤力、破坏力的器械装置．
冷兵器
广义的冷兵器指冷兵器时代所有的作战装备。
1.兵器自古有就有 中国古代兵器不但是为了防御，有时更是人身份地位的象征，“国之大事，在祀与戎”，足见兵器在古代国家中的显赫地位。兵器的先进程度，往往决定了一个国家强盛与否。
从冷兵器类别来分 可以分为十八种，即人们所说的十八般兵器：刀、枪、剑、戟、斧、钺、钩、叉、鞭、锏、锤、抓、镗、棍、槊、棒、拐、流星。
在武侠小说中，兵器的作用则被神话 如：小李飞刀，绝世好剑等
古典小说中人物也配以不凡的兵器：关公青龙偃月刀、张飞丈八蛇矛、吕布方天画戟等等。
中国冷兵器的发展
中国古代兵器大概可以分成三个阶段，首先是史前时期，从考古学来讲叫石器时代，我们称这个阶段是石器时代的兵器。
开始青铜冶铸后，这时候兵器的主要材质就开始变成了青铜的。我们称这个时期的兵器为青铜时代的兵器。人们懂得了金属的冶炼后，这时候军队使用的兵器的主要材质也改为钢铁做的了，就进入了铁器时代的兵器。
原始社会向奴隶社会转变时期，掠夺战争日益频繁，便逐渐形成了用于作战的兵器和武艺。夏代仍沿用石制兵器，但有所改进，有了少量青铜兵器。至商代，军队使用青铜兵器已较普遍，而且兵器种类增多，质量大有提高。1953年，在河南省安阳殷墟出土的商代文物已有铜矛头、铜勾、铜戚、铜刀、铜斧、铜簇等项。另外，在山东省益都出土了商代的兵器铜钺、铜头玉矛、铜戈。
西周兵器进一步多样化，这个时期长兵有：戈、戟、钺、矛、斧等。短兵则有刀、剑等。这些兵器多为铜质，质地精良坚利。铜器的出现，标志着人类社会从石制工具时代进入到使用金属器具的时代；青铜兵器的使用，使兵器进入了一个全新的历史价段，并发挥其无比威力。铁兵器始于周代，战国时期已普遍使用。由于铁的蕴藏量较为丰富，铁器的坚硬度比铜制品强，又易于铸造， 因此，铁兵器逐渐代替了铜兵器，品种更为齐全。
中国古代兵器之种类堪称世界之最，不完全因为那个年代的贵族普遍尚武，还因为殉葬与厚葬制度的缘故。于是，青铜兵器同样也大多出土于贵族的墓葬中。诸如越王勾践剑、吴王夫差矛，许多兵器都出自重要匠师主手，工艺刻意求精，凝聚了高度的智慧和技巧，非寻常器物可比。据古籍记载以及大量的出土文物表明，当时有戈、戟、矛、殳、斧、钺、锤、锥、刀、剑、匕首等，并广泛应用于战争中。作战时，士兵衣铁甲，操铁杖，使用铁斧、铁刀、铁钺、铁矛等兵器。到了汉代大抵完成了铜兵器向铁兵器的过渡，至三国时期，铜兵器已经基本上退出了历史舞台，演变为铁兵器的全盛时期。据《典论》记载："魏太子曹丕选楚越良工制铁刀、铁剑、铁匕首，精而炼之，至于百辟（即锻炼百次）"。这种武器质量上的飞跃，势必对使用武器的技能提出更高的要求，从而促进武艺的发展。隋唐五代时期的铁兵器中，长兵器以矛、枪和长刀为主。
据《新唐书》记载："光弼有裨将，援矛刺贼，洞马腹，中数人"。这表明唐将善用长矛而且技艺精良。短兵器则以刀为主。剑在这时已经失去了实战的价值，成为道士们的法器和民间习武器械。剑术一直是人们喜爱的武术项目之一，佩剑之风长久不衰。相传诗仙李白经常舞剑，友人崔宗之称赞他："起舞拂长剑，四座皆扬眉。唐代重射，弓矢的结构精巧，规格多样，据《唐六典》所记。弓有长弓、角弓等4种，弩有擘张弩、角弓弩等7种，箭也有竹箭、木箭等4种。
宋、元之际有所谓"十八般武艺"之说。其实"十八"不过是泛称而已，实际上远不止此数。据宋人曾公亮《武经总要》记载，长杆铁枪就有18种，另外长柄铁刀有8种，各种短兵器有17种，如手刀、蒺藜、铁鞭、铁 、铁剑、大斧、烈钻、钩棒等等。著名的"梨花枪"就产生于宋代，其枪法已发展到纯熟的程度。元代兵器则精细而实用。据茅元仪的《武备志》记载，有各种铁枪6种，各种刀7种。还有飞钩、噞、马叉、梨花枪、狼筅（长枪）、双飞挝、飞锤、铁戟等兵器49种，另有火枪、火炮6种。到了明代，"十八般武艺"有了具体内容。明人谢肇制《五杂俎》卷五中记载："何也十八般？一弓、二弩、三枪、四刀、五剑、六予、七盾、八斧、九钺、十戟、十一鞭、十二简、十三挝、十四殳、十五叉、十六钯、十七绵绳套索、十八白打"。"十八般武艺"讲的是演练兵器的技艺，所以它的前十七种都是兵器的名称。第十八种为 "白打"，明代朱国帧《涌幢小品》中解释说："白打即手搏之戏……俗谓之打拳"。清代的兵器与明代大同小异，不过品种更多而已。拿刀来说，有大刀、朴刀、春秋大刀、三尖两刃刀、大环刀、凤嘴刀、梅花刀、腰刀、战刀、苗刀、壮族尖刀、彝族插刀……不下10余种。此外，叉、抓、拐、弩、斧、盾、钩、殳、锤、 、?、棒、刺、钹、钺、钯、齿、铲等等就更多了。器械的多式多样，使武术的内容更为多姿多彩。新中国成立以后，随着武术训练与竞赛的需要，对刀、枪、剑、棍等常用器械的规格作了具体规定，对重量、长短、粗细以及器械制作材料都有明确要求，对武术水平的提高起了促进作用。
古代兵器介绍
九短：刀、剑、鞭、锏、拐、斧、棒、椎、杵。
九长：刀、枪、棍、钺、叉、铛、钩、槊、戟。
古书中对冷兵器的一些记载
1.《周礼•夏官司马》：「司兵，掌五兵、五盾，各辨其物与其等。」先郑云：「戈、殳、戟、酋矛、夷矛。」
2.南宋华岳《翠微北征录》卷七＜弓制＞：「军器三十有六，而弓为称首；武艺一十有八，而弓为第一。」
3.南宋永嘉年间＜张协状元＞第四十八：「前日两个小人，一个道欠钱，一个道不欠钱，十八般武艺都不会，只会白厮打。」
4.元曲中大量出现十八般武艺之说，说明已成为人们生活中的口头禅。但仍未见详细内容。
5.明何良臣《阵纪•束伍》：「授器之要，因其短长编列之，宜随其地势，每以枪、筅、弓、弩、标、铳为长兵，刀、镰、叉、钯、牌、斧为短器。」
6.明嘉靖郭勋刻百回本《水浒传》第二回＜王教头私走延安府，九纹龙大闹史家村＞：「史进每日请王教头点拔，十八般武艺，一一从头指教。那十八般武艺？矛、锤、弓、弩、铳，鞭、锏、剑、链、挝，斧、钺并戈、戟，牌、棒与枪、杈。」
7.明谢肇制《五杂俎》卷五：「正统己巳之变，招募天下勇士。山东李通者，行教京师，试其技艺，十八般皆能，无人可与为敌，遂应首选。」（十八般乃：一弓、二弩、三枪、四刀、五剑、六矛、七盾、八斧、九钺、十戟、十一鞭、十二锏、十三槁、十四殳、十五叉、十六耙头、十七绵绳套索、十八白打。
8.朱国祯《涌幢小品》仝，惟第十三为「挝」，当属音同假借。
9.清初褚人获《坚瓠集》：「山西李通善使武艺十八事，计弓、弩、枪、刀、剑、矛、盾、斧、钺、鞭、锏、挝、殳、叉、把头、绵绳套、椎及白打，共十八种。」
10.清初褚人获《坚瓠集•续集》：「矛、椎、弓、弩、铳，鞭、锏、剑、链、挝，斧、钺并戈、戟，牌、棒与枪、杈。」
11.元兵西征时，从各地带回一些兵器，种类繁杂，看来「十八般兵器」和「十八般武艺」之说，是一种统称或概算。
12.成语俗谚中，与兵器有关者：一箭双雕、借刀杀人、回马枪、拖刀计、杀手锏、流星椎、
13.历代名人所使兵器：关公青龙偃月刀、张飞丈八长矛、吕布方天画戟、
火器
火器：用火力杀伤人或用火力发射的兵器,火器利袭远。如枪、炮、火箭筒、手榴弹、核武器（原子弹、氢弹）等。
火器的发展
到了北宋时期，火药开始用于兵器。中国是火药的故乡，中国的军队是最早使用火药武器的军队。在北宋的《武经总要》里边讲了三种配方，即蒺藜火球，霹雳火球、火炮火药法。当时用火药做成了用抛石机发射的炮弹，当然抛石机最早的使用，就是炮的出现可能在东周晚期。
南宋时候出现了竹筒火器，陈规的《守城录》里面讲到，开始用竹筒，里边放上火药能够往外喷火，或者能烧伤敌人。还有就是把长矛下边安上一个药筒，也可以喷火，当时也叫火枪。就是说开始出现管形的火器，这是出现最早的火器。
明代的火器发展到鼎盛时期。其火器的管形火器品种颇多，形式复杂。当时的喷射火器（古代火箭）制造已经相当精良，样式繁多，据《火龙神器阵法》、《武备志》等史书记载，此间多使用的火箭种类有单发火箭、多发齐射火箭、多火药筒并联火箭、有翼火箭、多级火箭等，火箭的品种达几十种之多。由于火器的蓬勃发展，明代军队普遍装备了火器，战争的主要武器转向了使用火器。燕王朱棣与建文帝争夺帝位时，就曾使用火箭作战。永乐年间（1403－1424年），明王朝还专门组建了"神机营"，这种独立炮兵建制在当时中国乃至世界各国都首屈一指。
火药传到西方以后，由于社会制度的变化，特别是和资本主义萌芽联系在一起，它有一个极大的发展。所以当时荷兰、西班牙这些商船到了中国，带来了当时西方先进的枪炮过来，明军才看到自己的落后，所以才开始注意到这个问题，就开始引进了西方的枪炮的制作技术。鸦片战争以后，清朝开始练新兵，袁世凯练新兵等等，开始引进新的西方的枪械以后，中国古代兵器的历史就结束了。
火器发展到现在，枪械的品种繁多，层出不穷，令人眼花缭乱。
2.《兵器》杂志是国内最知名的军事类杂志。
武术(功夫)：
打拳和使用兵器的技术，是我国传统的体育项目。（《现代汉语词典》）
武术还有其他名称:功夫,武功和国术或武艺﹐中国传统体育项目。其内容是把踢﹑打﹑摔﹑拿﹑跌﹑击﹑劈﹑刺等动作按照一定规律组成徒手的和器械的各种攻防格斗功夫﹑套路和单势练习。武术具有极其广泛的群众基础﹐是中国人民在长期的社会实践中不断积累和丰富起来的一项宝贵的文化遗产。 目前武术划分为散打和套路，散打又叫散手，是武术的擂台形势，套路则为武术的表演形式。
【武术演变】
武术的起源可以追溯到原始社会。那时﹐人类即已开始用棍棒等原始工具作武器同野兽进行斗争﹐一是为了自卫﹐一是为了猎取生活资料﹐后来人们为了互相争夺财富﹐进而制造了更具有杀伤力的武器。如《山海经‧大荒北经》就有“蚩尤作兵伐黄帝”的记载。这样﹐人类通过战斗﹐不仅制造了兵器﹐而且逐渐积累了具有一定的攻防格斗意义的技能。
在殷商时期﹐青铜业发展﹐以车战为主﹐出现了一些铜制武器﹐如矛﹑戈﹑戟﹑斧﹑钺﹑刀﹑剑等。同时﹐也出现了这类武器的用法﹐如劈﹑扎﹑刺﹑砍等技术。为了提高战斗力﹐这时已有了比赛的形式。如《礼记‧王制》所载“凡执技论力﹐适四方﹐裸股肱﹐决射御”﹐意即较量武艺高低。
春秋战国时期﹐铁器出现﹐步骑兵兴起﹐为了在步骑战中发挥作用﹐长柄武器变短﹐ 短柄武器(特别是剑身)变长﹐这样﹐武器的内容就更加丰富了﹐武术的技击性进一步突出﹐同时武术的健身作用也受到重视。这时比试武艺的形式已广泛出现﹐更加推动了武艺的发展。据《管子‧七法》载﹐当时每年有“春秋角试。”据《庄子‧人间世》和《荀子‧议兵》所载﹐当时比试武艺已非常讲究技巧﹐拳术打法有进攻﹑防守﹑反攻﹑佯攻等。
秦时盛行角抵和手搏﹐比赛时有裁判﹐有赛场﹐有一定的服装。1975年湖北省江陵县凤凰山秦墓出土的一件木篦背面上就彩画了当时一场比赛的盛况﹕台前有帷幕飘带﹐台上 3个上身赤裸的男子﹐只穿短裤﹐腰部系带﹐足穿翘头鞋﹐2人在比赛﹐1人双手前伸作裁判。
汉时﹐有了剑舞﹑刀舞﹑双戟舞﹑钺舞等。这都说明﹐汉时的武舞已有明显的技击性 ﹐有招法﹐又多以套路的形式出现。汉时是武术大发展的时期﹐已形成了多种技术风格的流派。如《汉书 .艺文志》收入的“兵技巧”类就有13家﹑199篇﹐都是论述“习手足﹐便器械﹐积机关﹐以立攻守之胜”的武术专著。
两晋南北朝时期﹐战乱频繁﹐官僚贵族或耽于宴乐或追求长生不老之术﹐其影响也渗透到社会各阶层的生活中﹐如视剑为具有神秘色彩的法器﹐甚至以木剑代刀剑﹐用荒诞无稽的邪说取代练武﹐致使武艺停滞不前。
隋唐五代时期﹐随著封建社会经济的发展和繁荣﹐武术重新兴起﹐唐朝开始实行武举制﹐并用考试办法授与武艺出众者以相应称号﹐如“猛殷之士”﹑“矫捷之士”﹑“技术之士”﹑“疾足之士”﹐获得每个称号都有具体标准。如“猛殷之士”要“ 有引五石之弓﹐矢贯五扎﹐戈矛剑戟便于利用……”(《武备志‧太白阴经‧选士篇第十六》)。这一通过考试选拔人才的制度﹐促进了社会上的练武活动。
随著步骑战的发展﹐在战场上﹐戈﹑戟逐渐被淘汰﹐剑作为军事技术多被刀所代替﹐但作为套路的演练仍在发展。
宋代出现了民间练武组织﹐见于记载的有“锦标社”(射弩)﹑“英略社”(使棒)﹑“角抵社”(相扑)等。这些社团因陋就简﹐“自置裹头无刃枪﹑竹标排﹑木弓刀﹑蒿矢等习武技”(《宋史》卷 191)。在城市中﹐据《栋亭十二种都城记胜》所载﹐在街头巷尾打场演武﹐十分热闹。表演的武艺有角抵﹑使拳﹑踢腿﹑使棒﹑弄棍﹑舞刀枪﹑舞剑以及打弹﹑ 射弩等﹐对练叫“打套子”﹐有“枪对牌”﹑“剑对牌”等﹐这时﹐集体项目也发展较快﹐例如﹐《东京梦华录》卷 7载:“两人出阵对舞如击刺之状……出场凡五七对﹐或以枪对牌﹑剑对牌之类。”但对抗性的攻防技术由于受了宋理学家倡导“主静”的影响﹐都逐渐走向衰微。
元代统治者对民间“……二十人之上不许聚众围猎”(《元典章》卷 3﹐赈饥贫)﹐连民间私藏武器也属犯罪。武艺多以秘密家传的方式冒著生命危险进行传授。
明代是武艺大发展的时期﹐出现了不同风格的技术流派﹐拳术﹑器械都得到了发展﹐ 特别是在理论上总结了过去的练武经验﹐具有代表性的著作有《纪效新书》﹑《武篇》﹑《耕馀剩技》等。这些著作不同程度地记载了拳术﹑器械的流派﹑沿革﹑动作名称﹑特徵﹑运动方法和技术理论等﹐有的还附有歌诀及动作图解﹐为后世研究武术提供了重要依据。
清代统治者禁止练武﹐民间则以“社”﹑“馆”的秘密结社形式传授武艺﹐其中著名的拳种﹐如太极拳﹑八卦掌﹑形意拳﹑八极拳﹑劈挂拳等﹐多在清代形成。
民国期间﹐社会上存在著各种形式的拳社﹐对传播和发展武术起了积极作用。
中华人民共和国成立后﹐武术被作为优秀民族遗产加以继承﹑整理和提高﹐成立了各级武术协会﹐国家设有专门机构负责开展武术运动﹐将武术列为正式比赛项目。1953年﹐举行了第1届全国民族形式体育表演竞赛大会﹐接著又举行多次全国性武术比赛或表演大会。为了推动武术的普及和提高﹐国家组织创编了比赛规定套路﹐编制了群众武术活动所需要的初级套路和简化太极拳等﹐出版武术书籍和挂图﹐ 拍摄武术影片和录象。为探讨武术运动锻炼的价值﹐还组织有关生理的测定和研究﹐使其逐步科学化。此外﹐各体育学院﹑体育系相继设立武术课和武术专业班﹐大中小学也把武术列为体育课教学内容﹐青少年业余体校也建立武术班﹐各地武术协会设立各种形式的武术辅导站﹐吸引著大批武术爱好者习武健身疗病。
【武术分类方式】
武术分类有以地区划分的﹐有以山脉﹑河流划分的﹐有以姓氏或内外家划分的﹐也有按技术特点划分的。现代一般按其内容分为5类；经常坚持武术锻炼能有效地增强体质。武术中的各种拳法﹑腿法对爆发力及柔韧性要求较高﹐特别是各关节活动范围较大﹐对肌肉韧带都有很好的锻炼作用﹐武术包含多种拧转﹑俯仰﹑收放﹑摺叠等身法动作﹐要求“手到眼到”﹐“手眼相随”﹐“步随身行﹑身到步到”﹐对协调性有较高的要求﹔整套动作往往由几十个动作组成﹐并在一定时间内完成﹐所以能使身体各个器官系统得到全面发展。练习柔和﹑缓慢﹑轻灵的拳术﹐如太极拳﹐强调以意引导动作﹐配合均匀深沉的呼吸﹐可使周身血脉流通﹐适合于慢性病患者作为医疗手段坚持锻炼﹐有较明显的疗效。对抗性的散手﹑推手﹑武术短兵﹑武术长兵等竞技项目﹐运动激烈﹐除能增强体质外﹐还能培养勇敢﹑机智﹑敏捷等优良性格。
【武术概念】
武术概念，是人们认识。研究武术的基本依据。在漫长的历史进程中，不同的时期对武术概念的表达不尽相同，它的内涵和外延是随着社会历史的发展和武术本身的发展而发展、变化的。
从历史上看，有不少归属武术类的名称，春秋战国时称“技击”兵技巧一类）；汉代出现了“武艺”一词，并延用至明末：清初又借用南朝《文选》中“偃闭武术”（当时泛指军事）的“武术”一词；民国时称“国术”：新中国成立后仍沿用“武术”一词。
随着历史的变迁，冷兵器的逐步消亡，专用武术器械的生产及拳械套路的大量出现，对抗性项目、武术竞赛规则的、制定，武术已演化成为体育运动项目之一。武术的体育化使其内容、形式及训练手段等都发生了很大变化，反映事物本质属性的概念也在不断变化。发展到今天，武林的基本定义可概括为：武术是以技击为主要内容，以套路和捕斗的运动形式注重内外兼修的中国传统体育项目。
从这一定义出发来认识武术。首先，武术属于中国传统的技击术。它是以踢、打、摔、拿、击、刺等技击动作为主要内容，通过徒手或借助于器械的身体运动表现攻防格斗的能力。无论是对抗性的捕斗运动，还是势势相承的套路运动，都是以中国传统的质击方法国棋技术核心的。就人类的社会生活来说，技击术不可能是中国独有的。比较世界各地的技击术，武术不仅在技击方法上更为丰富（诸如快摔法、擒拿法等）。在运动形式上，既有套路的，也有散手的，既是结合的，又是分离的，这种发展模式，也迥然有别于世界上其他技击术。在演练方法上注重内外兼修，演练风格上要求神形兼备，无不反映了中国传统的技击术的运动特点。
其次，武术是体育项目，它明显区别于使人致伤致残的实用技击技术。套路运动中尽管包含丰富的技击方法，但其宗旨是通过演练以提商人的身体素质和攻防能力，进行功力与技巧上的较量，在技术要求上与实用技术有一定的区别，散手运动的技术固然更接近于实用技南，但由于受竞赛规则的规定，亦将其限制在体育竞技运动之内。总之，归结为一点，武术具有明确的体育属性，体育是当今武术的主要社会哲学、中医学、伦理学、兵学、美学、气功等多种传统文化思想和文化观念，注重内外兼修，诸如整体观、阴阳变化观、形神论、气论、动静说、刚柔说等等，逐步形成了独具民族风貌的武术文化体系。它内涵丰富，寓意深，既具备了人类体育运动强身健体的共同特征，又具有东方文明所特有的哲理性、科学性和艺术性，较集中地体现了中国人民在体育领域中的智慧结晶。它从一个侧面反映了东方的民族文化光彩。因此，从广义上认识，武术不仅是一个运动项目，而且是一项民族体育，是中国人民长期积累起来的一宗宝贵文化遗产。
【武术特点】
一。寓技击于体育之中：
武术最初作为军事训练手段, 与古代军事斗争紧密相连，其技击的特性是显而易见的。在实用中，其目的在于杀伤、制限对方，它常常以最有效的技击方法，迫使对方失去反抗能力。这些技击术至今仍在军队、公安中被采用。 武术作为体育运动，技术上仍不失为攻防技击的特性，而是将技击寓于搏斗与套路运动之中搏斗运动集中体现了武术攻防格斗的特点，在技术上与实用技击基本上是一致的，但是从体育观念出发，他受到竞赛规则的制约已不伤害对方为原则。如在散手中对武术中有些传统的实用找击 方法作了限制，而且严格规定了击打部位和保护护具，短兵中使用的器具也作了相应的变化，而推手则是在特殊技术规定下进行竞技对抗的。因此，可以说武术的搏斗运动具有很强的攻防技击性，但又与实用技击有所区别。
套路运动是中国武术的一个特有的表现形式，不少动作在技术规格。运动幅度等方面与技击的原形动作有所变化，但是动作方法仍然保留了技击的特性。即使因连结贯串及演练技巧上的需要，穿插了一些不一定具有攻防技击意义的动作，然而就整套技术而言，主要的动作仍然是以踢、打、摔、拿、击、刺诸法为主，是套路的技术核心。它的攻防技击特性是通过一招一式来表现的，汇集百家，它的技击方法是极其丰富的，在赦手。短兵中不宜采用的 技术方法，在套路运动中仍有所体现。
二。内外合一，形神兼备的民族风格：
既究形体规范， 又求精神传意。内外合一的整体观，是中国武术的一大特 色。所谓内，指心、神。意等心志活动和气总的运行：所谓外，即手眼身步等形体活动。内与外、形与神是相 互联系统一的整体。
武术“内外合一，形神兼备”的特点主要通过武术功法和投法来体现。“内练精气神，外练筋骨皮” 是备家各派练功的准则，如极拳主张身心合修，要求“以心行气，以气运身”。形意拳讲究“内三合，外三合”，少林拳也要求精、力、气、骨、神内外兼修。此外武术套路在技术上往往要求把内在精气神与外部形体动作紧密相合，完整一气，做到”心动形随”，“形断意连”,势断气连”。以“手眼身法步，精神气力功”八法的变化来锻炼心身。这一特点反映了中国武术作为一种文化形式在长期的历史演进中倍受中国古代哲学、医学、美学等方面的渗透和影响，形成了独具民族风格的练功方法和运动形式 。
三。广泛的适应性:
武术的练习形式、内容丰富多样，有竞技对抗性的散手、推手、短兵，有适合演练的各种拳术、器械的对练，还有与其和适应的各种练功方法。不同的拳种和器械有不同的动作结构、技术要求、运动风格和运动量，分别适应人们不同年龄、性别、体质的需求，人们可以根?Y自己的条件和兴趣爱好进行选择练习，同时它对场池、器材的要求较低，俗称“拳打卧牛之地”，练习者可以根据场地的大小
变化练习内容和方式，即使一时没有器械也可以徒手 练参、练功。一般来说，受时间、季节限制也很小。 较之不少体育运动项目，俱有更为广泛的适应性，武术能在广大民间历久下衰，与这一特点不无关系利用 这一特点可为现代群众性体育活动提供方便，使武术 进一步社会化。
【武术作用】
（一）提高素质，健体防身，武术套路运动其动作包含着屈伸、回环、平衡、跳跃、翻腾、跌扑等，人体各部位几乎都要参与运动。
系统地进行武术训练，对人体速度、力量、灵巧，耐力、柔韧等身体素质要求较高，人体各部位“一动无有不动”，几乎都参加运动，使人的身心都得到全西锻炼。实践证明，对外能利关节，强筋骨，壮体魄；对内能理脏腑，通经脉，调精神．武术运动讲究调息行气和意念活动，对调节内环境的平衡，调养气血，改善人体机能，健体强身十分有益。
武术套路运动和搏斗运动，都是以技击作为它的中心内容的，周贡通过武术锻炼，不仅能够达到增强体质的作用，而且能够学会攻防格斗投术，特别是武术功力训练，更能发挥技击的实效性。
武术的搏斗运动，通过次防技术练习，拳打，脚踢，快摔等动作的运用，井在文字中互相扬长避短，攻彼弱点、避彼锋芒，讲究得机，得时、得势，从而提高判断力和应变能力。这无疑能提高人们克敌制胜和防身自卫的能力。尤其对公安武警和边防指战员更有实际意义和作用。
（二）锻炼意志，培养品德，练武对意志品质考验是多面的。练习基本功，要不断克服疼痛关，磨练“冬练三九、夏练三伏”，常年有恒，坚持不懈的意志品质。套路练习，要克服枯燥关，培养刻苦耐劳，砥砺精进，永不自满的品质。遇到强手克服消极逃避关，锻炼勇敢无畏、坚韧不屈的战斗意志。经过长期锻炼、可以培养人们勤奋、刻苦、果敢、顽强、虚心好学、勇于进取的良好习性和意志品德。
“教武育人”贯彻在武术教习全过程中，“未曾习武先学礼，夫曾习武先习德”，传统中始终把武德列为习武教武的先决条件。武术在中国几千年绵延的历史中，一向重礼仪，件道德，“尚武崇德”。诸如尊师爱友，包含了深刻广泛的道德内容，互教互学，以武会友，切磋技艺，讲礼守信，见义勇为：不凌弱逞强等品德。激烈的攻防技术和人生修行结合起来，是中国武术传统道德观念的体现。在社会的发展中，武德的标准和规范也不尽相同，尚武而崇德不仅能很好地陶冶憎操，还会大大有益于社会精神文明建设。
（三）竞技观赏，丰富生活武术具有根高的观赏价值，无论是套路表演，还是散手比赛，历来为人们喜闻乐见。唐代大诗人李白好友崔宗字赞他”起舞拂长剑，四座皆扬眉”杜甫在《观公孙大娘弟子舞剑器行》著名诗篇中有“昔有佳人公孙氏，一舞剑器动四方。观者如山色沮丧，天地为之久低昂”的描绘。汉代打擂台，“三百里内皆来观”。都说明无论是显现武术功力与技巧的竞赛表演套路，还是斗智较勇的对抗性散手比赛，都会引人入胜，给人以美的享受，都具有根高的观赏价值。通过观赏，给人以启迪教育和乐趣。
（四）交流技艺，增进友谊：武术运动蕴涵丰富，技理相通，入门之后会有“艺无止境”之感。群众性的武术活动，便成为人们切磋技艺，交流思想，增进友谊的良好手段。随着武术在世界广泛传播，还可促进与国外武术爱好者的交流。许多国家武术爱好者喜爱武术套路，也喜爱武术散手，他们通过练武了解认识中国文化，探求东方的文明。武术通过体育竞技、文化交流等途径，在与世界各国人民友好交往中发挥着越来越大的作用。
【武术内容】
（对练）
对练是两人或两人以上，按照预定的程序进行的攻防格斗套路。其中包括徒手对练，器械对练，徒手与器械对练等三种练法。
（一）徒手对练：是运用踢、打、摔、拿等方法，按照进攻、防守、还击的运动规律编成的拳术对练套路，有时打拳、对擒拿、南拳对练、形意拳对练等。
（二）器械对练，是以器械的劈、砍、击，刺等技击方法组成的对练套路，主要有长器械对练、短器械对练、长与短对练、单与双对练、单与软对练、双与软对练等多种形式，常见的有单刀进枪、三节棍进棍。双匕首进枪、对刺剑等。
（三）徒手与器械对练，是一方法手，另一方持器械进行的攻防对练套路，如空手夺刀、空手夺棍、空手进双枪等。
（集体演练）
集体演练是集体进行的徒手、器械或能手与器械的演练。在竞赛中通常要求六人以上，可变换队形，图案，也可用音乐伴奏，要求队形整齐、动作协调一致。
搏斗运动，是两人在一定条件下，按照一定的规则进行斗智较力的对抗练习形式。目前武术竞赛中正在遂步开展的有散手、推手、短兵三项。
（一）散手，是两人按照一定的规则使用踢、打、摔。拿等方法制胜对方的竞技项目。
（二）推手是两人遵照一定的规则，使用棚、扳、挤、按、采、例、肘、靠等手法，双方粘连粘随，通过肌肉的感觉来判断对方的用劲，然后借劲发劲将对方推出，以此决定胜负的竞枝项目。
（三）短兵：是两人手持一种用藤、皮、棉制作的短棒似的器械，在16市尺直径的圆形场地内，按照一定的规则。使用劈、砍、刺、崩、点、斩等方法进行决胜负的竞技项目。
【中国武术门派】
中国武术门派、套路众多，蔚为大观。人民体育出版社1985年出版的习云太《中国武术史》，拳种部分有46节计75种、器械部分有27节，可见其众多纷繁。事实上，在我们上面谈到的少林、武当、峨眉、南拳四大派内部，又有许多支派，各支派中某一套路如有显著特色，又可能发展为新的支派。在四大派之外，有数量更多的较小一些的派别，犹如满天繁星，形成了中国武术文化的大观。
从有组织、有机构的角度来说，武林集团表现为门派；从武术的师承、特点的角度来说，武林集团表现为学种及套路。
门派有更强的社会性，拳种、套路有更强的技艺性。这两个从不同角度归纳出来的武林集团概念，相互包容、相互交叉而存在。
下面，我们将根据《武林》1989年第10期万月《拳术套路初探》等，从拳术命名的角度列出有关的拳种套路，以见中华武术纷繁浩瀚之一斑。
“以佛圣道仙、神祗鬼怪命名的一神拳、二郎拳、韦驮拳、大圣拳、八仙拳、天罗拳、地煞拳、六星拳、哪咤拳、金刚拳、观音拳、佛汉拳、佛教拳、罗汉拳、金刚锤。二十八宿拳、四仙对打拳、七星访友拳、罗汉螳螂拳、夜叉巡海拳、金刚三昧掌、夜叉铁沙掌等。
以“门”命名的——余门拳、硬门拳、法门拳、空门拳、红门拳、鱼门拳、孔门拳、风门拳、水门拳、火门拳、鸟门拳、佛门拳、窄门拳、字门拳、孙门拳、严门拳。熊门拳、自然门拳、引新门拳、罗汉门拳、磨盘门拳、水浒门拳等。
以姓氏命名的——刘家拳、蔡家拳、李家拳、莫家拳、巫家拳、薛家拳、岳家拳、赵家拳、杜家拳、周家拳、祈家拳、温家拳、孙家拳、邹家拳、高家拳、戚家拳、洪佛拳、岳家教、钟家教、刁家教、李家教、朱家教、蔡李佛拳、岳氏连拳、罗家三展、杨家短打、胡氏戳脚、郝氏戳脚、陈氏太极拳、杨氏太极拳、武氏太极拳、孙氏太极拳、吴氏太极拳、林氏下山拳、武氏十八技等。
以人名命名的——燕青拳、太祖拳、孙膑拳、五祖拳、宋江拳、白眉拳、珠娘拳、纯阳拳、达摩拳、玄女拳、武侯拳、五郎拳、文圣拳、南枝拳、咏春拳、岳王锤、武子门拳、子龙炮拳、太祖散掌、三皇炮锤、孔朗拜灯拳、刘唐下书拳、武松脱铐拳、武松独臂拳、神行太保拳、燕青巧打拳、达摩点穴拳、太白出山拳、甘凤池拳法、黄啸侠拳法、燕青十八翻、罗王十八掌、达摩十八手、孙二娘大战拳、武松鸳鸯腿拳等。以地名命名的——潭腿（山东临清龙潭寺）、少林拳、武当拳、峨眉拳、崆峒拳（分五大门：飞龙门、追魂门、夺命门、醉门、神拳门）、梅山拳、灵山拳、昆仑拳、关东拳、关西拳、龙门拳、登州拳、东安拳、石头拳、水游拳、西凉掌、太行意拳、洪洞通背拳等。
以动物命名的一一龙拳、蛇拳、虎拳、豹拳、鹤拳、狮拳、象拳、马拳、猴拳、彪拳、狗拳、鸡拳、鸭拳、龙形拳、龙桩拳、龙化拳、行龙拳、飞龙拳、火龙拳、青龙拳、飞龙长拳、青龙出海拳、毒蛇吐信拳、虎形拳、黑虎拳、青虎拳、白虎拳、饿虎拳、猛虎拳、飞虎拳、伏虎拳、五虚拳、八虎拳、虎啸拳、回头虎拳、侧面虎拳、车马虎拳、隐山虎拳、五虎群羊拳、工字伏虎拳、虎豹拳、虎鹤双形拳、白鹤拳、宗鹤拳、鸣鹤拳、飞鹤拳、食鹤拳、饱鹤拳、饿鹤拳、五祖鹤阳拳、永春白鹤拳、独脚飞鹤拳、狮形拳、金狮拳、狮虎拳、二狮抱球拳、猿功拳、猿形拳、猿糅伏地拳、白猿短臂拳、白猿偷桃拳、鸡形拳、鸭形拳、鹰爪拳、老鹰拳、岩鹰拳、雕拳、鹞子拳、鹞子长拳、燕形拳、大雁掌、蝴蝶掌、龟牛拳、螃蟹拳、灰狼拳、黄莺架子、鸳鸯拳、螳螂拳、硬螳螂拳、秘门螳螂拳、八步螳螂拳、梅花螳螂拳、七星螳螂拳、摔手螳螂拳、六合螳螂拳、光板蝗螂拳、玉环螳螂拳等。
以日常杂物命名的——巾拳、扇拳、伞拳、花拳、船拳、钟拳、板凳拳、褂子拳、云帚拳、脱梏拳、百花拳、梅花拳、莲花拳、螺旋拳、山门拳、白玉拳、汤瓶拳、沾衣拳、衣衫母拳、三战铁扇拳、三十六合锁等。
以手法命名的——插拳，截拳、挂拳、挡拳、扎拳、套拳、穿拳、撕拳、翻拳、炮拳、罩掌、剑手、短手、五手拳、应手拳、捏手拳、合手拳、封手拳、练手拳、拦手拳、劈挂拳、撂挡拳、撞打拳、通臂拳、杀手掌、反臂掌、字手、十字手、排子手、万古手、黄英手、八黑手、锦八手、照阳手、金枪手、天罡手、地煞手、四门重手、分手八快、咬手六合拳、盖手六合拳，九宫擒跌手、罗汉十八手、二十四破手、三十六闭手、七十二插手、三十六看对手等。
以步法、腿法命名的——弹腿、暗腿、踔腿、截腿、连腿、戳脚、四步拳、六步拳、八步拳、练步豢、穿步拳、顺步捶、腰步捶、挡步捶、涌步捶、乱八步、三步架、五步打、八步转、掘子腿、溜脚式、十二步架、六步散手、十字腿拳、溜脚架子、连环鸳鸯步、鹿步梅花桩、八步连环拳、九宫十八腿、少林二十八步，进步鸳鸯连环腿等。
地躺拳类——地躺拳、地行拳、地功戳脚，地功翻子、地功罗汉拳、活法黄龙拳、地躺八仙拳、金刚地躺拳、少林地龙拳、地功鸳鸯拳、飞龙地躺拳、九滚十八跌等。
醉拳类——八仙醉、水游醉、醉溜挡、醉八仙拳、醉罗汉拳、文八仙拳、武八仙拳、大八仙拳、混八仙拳、清八仙拳、少林醉拳、形式八仙拳、罗汉醉酒拳、太自醉酒拳、武松醉跌拳、燕青醉跌拳、石秀醉酒拳、鲁智深醉打山门拳等。
跌打拳类——跌扑拳、沾跌拳、沾衣十八跌、武松混打拳、武松脱铐拳、水浒连环拳等。
此外，各地的著名拳种还有：形意拳（心意六合拳）、大成拳（意拳）、八卦拳、八卦掌、八极拳、六合拳、查拳、华拳、红拳、节拳、绵掌、绵拳、太虚拳、二郎拳、大悲拳、功力拳、石头拳、连城拳、两仪拳（太极快拳）、独臂拳、疯拳、埋伏拳、迷踪拳、缅拳、缠丝拳、磋跤拳、曦阳掌等。
著名的器械套路有：八门金锁刀、八卦刀、八卦大枪、九洲棍、六合刀、六合枪、六合剑、六合棍、日月乾坤刀、日月乾坤圈、少林双刀十八滚、太极刀、太极剑、河州棍、月牙枪、达摩杖、达摩棍、纯阳剑、八仙纯阳剑、武当剑、青萍剑、袁氏青萍剑、杨氏青萍剑、贾氏青萍剑、梅花刀、梅花枪等。
从这些武林门派、拳种、套路中，对照侠文化的武功追求，有两个意义，一是从中可以看到侠文化武功的历史和现实中的源头；二是可以看到侠文化武功中的想象成分及其与现实的差距。了解这些，相信对于侠文化武功的进一步理解和鉴赏，将是有些意义和价值的。
【武术与《易经》】
中国武术与古典文学，是同根同源的共生关系，是中华传统文化的双碧，堪称双子星座，同样辉煌，同样灿烂。稍加留意，就会发现，中国武术的滥觞，正是中国古典文学的发轫；文事与武备至少在两三千年以前，就像是一对孪生兄弟携手而行；舞枪弄棒与吟诗作赋，很早就是被我们先民所看重的文化修养的两个方面。历史中，有无数的武术家本身就是文学家，而许许多多文学作品中也洋溢着武术的风采。这在世界文化史上尚无先例，可以说是中华民族独有的文化现象。
一般来说，人们很少把武术与古典文学拿到一块儿来谈论，尤其是在学术讨论会上；而我们也很少在各种出版物上，看到武术与古典文学两者相互渗透、相得益彰的探讨与论述。尤其在武术与古典文学联手合作，像是配合默契的两个铁匠一样，经过了数千年的加温、淬火，共同锻造了中国人的理想人格和完善的民族性格这一点上，还没有人发现、至少是没有人明确地加以阐释。当我惊奇地发现这一点时，我对武术与古典文学的敬意油然而生。恨不得在45岁的时候，开始闻鸡起舞，凿壁偷光。
《易经》诞生最早的武术观念。
先秦时代的四书五经，都是很好的古代散文，完全可以当作文学读本来欣赏。《易经》开篇就有一句鼎鼎有名的格言："天行健，君子以自强不息。"翻成白话文，是"天体的运行刚健不辍，君子也应自强不息。"这句话，怎么看怎么像是一位武术家对一位习武之人说的话。如果一个对中国武术情有独钟的外国人，问什么是中华武术的精神，我们完全可以告诉他《易经》第一页第一段的这个结句。"健"，是一个特别值得注意的字。它本身有两个意思：一个是"刚强"，另一个是"康强"，前者指性格和精神的坚强，后者指身体和体质的健康。加上个"儿"字---健儿，就成了军卒、壮士和剑客，剑客就是武术家。古乐府中有"健儿须快马，快马须健儿"的诗句。
《易经》中，明确地谈到武术的，有"君子以除戎器，戒不虞"之句，说的是"君子应整治兵器，以防不测"。这和现代人习武为健身、防身的观念非常一致。其中，"利武人之贞"中的"武人"---则是武术家在古籍中的直接"亮相"。"刚健中正"说的是做人，也是练武。所谓"立天之道，曰阴与阳；立地之道，曰柔与刚；立人之道，曰仁与义"，以及对宇宙与人生规律的论述包括八卦概念的确立，都对后世的武术发展起到巨大而深刻的影响。
“一阴一阳之谓道。知乎万物而道济天下。在天成象，在地成形，变化见矣。是固刚柔相摩，八卦相荡。”——你把《易经》中的这些理念，说给现在八卦太极拳和八卦掌拳师，都像是在说他们行内的话。
【武术入门】
爱好中华武术的朋友多苦入门难觅路。我们同样知道中华武术旁门甚多。根据我们的体悟，介绍常识一二，请变通了解，灵活运用。
一.了解自我、体验生活
我们人类自身是一种特殊的生物材料，有质量、重量，有体积、形状，有结构、性能，有强度、活性；我们人类自身是一座超级的工厂，有原材料，有产成品，有设计规范，有工艺流程，有分工明确的岗位，有协作愉快的团队；我们人类自身是一个微型的国家，有政府、军队，有民众、党派，有生产、流通，有分配、消费，有文化娱乐，有经济波动，有内忧外患，有天灾人祸，有兴衰，有顺逆。总之，我们人类是宇宙的全息模型。由认识人类自身，就可认识宇宙；必认识宇宙，方能认识人类自身。
我们的身体：
我们的身体有头颅、躯干、四肢，有毛发、皮肤、血肉、骨骼、内脏、神经、感官，有心、肺、胃、肠、肝、胆、脾、肾，有眼睛、耳、鼻、舌，有脑和脊髓。从前有许多人分不清心和脑，现在情况好多了。我们的身体是复杂变化的舞台。呼吸、循环、消化、排泄、运动、代谢、免疫、调节等过程共同构成我们的人体现象世界。
我们的头脑：
我们的头脑是心理活动的场所。神经系统的功能进化使我们人类有可能认识世界、改造世界。
我们的头脑能够思维、可以联想、善于学习、重在创新。
我们的头脑制造道德规范、法律条文、神话故事、宗教传说。
我们的头脑皆具备发明技术、欣赏艺术、崇尚科学、钟爱文学的可能。
我们的骨骼：
我们的骨骼约有二百零六块，为全身提供基架，具有赋形、持重、保护和运动等功能。骨骼的主干为脊柱。
我们的骨骼分为颅骨、躯干骨、四肢骨三部。
各骨端借软骨、韧带或关节连接起来。关节既能活动，又很牢固；组成关节的骨端上面覆盖一层关节软骨，可以缓冲运动时的震荡。关节周围有一由结缔组织构成的包囊，叫关节囊；关节囊是密封的，其内的腔隙叫关节腔。关节囊分两层：外层为致密的纤维层，内层为滑膜层，由薄而疏松的结缔组织构成；滑膜分泌滑液于关节腔中，可以减少关节运动时的摩擦。
此外，某些关节的关节腔中还具有关节内韧带和关节内软骨（半月板或关节盘），使得骨的连接更为牢固。
颅骨由二十三块大小和形状不同的骨组成，分为脑颅和面颅两部分。脑颅位于后上方，形成颅腔，保护脑髓；面颅位于前下方，形成面部的轮廓，并构成眶、鼻腔和口腔的骨性基础。
躯干骨包括组成脊柱的二十四块单个的椎骨（颈椎七块、胸椎十二块、腰椎五块）、一块骶骨和一块尾骨及组成胸廓的十二对肋骨、肋软骨和一块胸骨。各椎骨间借椎间盘、韧带和椎间关节等连接成脊柱，椎管贯穿脊柱全长，内容脊髓。整个脊柱在前后方向上有四个弯曲，颈部向前凸，胸部向后凸，腰部向前凸，骶部向后凸，这些弯曲适应于人体的直立姿势，是在生长过程中相继出现的。
上肢骨包括肩胛骨、锁骨、肱骨、尺骨、挠骨、腕骨八块（舟骨、月骨、三角骨、豌豆骨、大多角骨、小多角骨、头状骨、钩骨）、掌骨五块和指骨，它们分别组成肩关节、肘关节、腕关节、掌指关节和指关节。
下肢骨包括髋骨（由髂骨、耻骨、坐骨构成）、股骨、髌、胫骨、腓骨、跗骨七块（距骨、跟骨、舟骨、第一、二、三楔骨、骰骨）、跖骨五块和趾骨，它们分别组成髋关节、膝关节、踝关节、跗跖关节、跖趾关节和趾关节。
我们的骨骼是一个生活着的器官，有其生长、发展和衰老的过程，总在不断地新陈代谢。
我们的肌肉：
我们的肌肉是使骨骼运动的动力器官。全身骨骼肌有六百块左右，约占人体体重的百分之四十。
每块肌肉由很多肌束集合而成，每一肌束又由无数肌纤维组成，肌肉表面被结缔组织包裹，叫肌外膜，结缔组织伸入肌内包裹肌束，叫肌束膜，最后伸入束内包裹每根肌纤维，叫肌内膜。
血管和神经（感觉和运动纤维）沿肌外膜进入肌肉，又沿肌束膜分布到肌纤维，以调节肌肉紧张，使肌肉收缩，并调节肌肉的营养、代谢和发育。
我们的内脏：
我们的内脏主要由消化器官、呼吸器官、泌尿器官、生殖器官等组成。其中的消化器包括消化管和消化腺两部分。消化管起自口腔，延续为咽、食管、胃、小肠（十二指肠、空肠和回肠）、结肠（盲肠、阑尾、升结肠、横结肠、降结肠、乙状结肠）、直肠，终于肛门。消化腺有唾液腺、肝、胰和消化管壁上的无数小腺体。腺的分泌物经导管排入消化管中参与消化过程。呼吸器官包括气体的通道——鼻、咽、喉、气管、支气管，和进行气体交换的器官——肺。鼻、咽、喉和气管通称为上呼吸道，支气管以下则称为下呼吸道。此外，胸膜和胸膜腔是呼吸的辅助装置。泌尿器官的功能是生成并排泄尿液。泌尿器官包括肾、输尿管、膀胱和尿道。生殖系统与泌尿系统在个体发生上有共同的起源，所以两个系统常合称为泌尿生殖系统。生殖器官包括生殖腺（睾丸或卵巢）、生殖道等。
我们的经络：
经络是经脉和络脉的总称。经络是运行全身气血，联络脏腑肢节，沟通上下内外，调节体内各部分的通路。通过经络的循行和交会能够把人体的五脏六腑、四肢百骸、五官九窍、皮肉筋脉等组织器官联结成一个有机的统一整体。
我们的经络遍布全身，共计有正经十二（手三阴、足三阴、手三阳、足三阳），奇经八脉和无数络脉。
十二正经是根据各自联系内脏的阴阳属性及其在肢体循行位置的不同而确定的。阳经属腑，行于四肢的外侧，阴经属脏，行于四肢的内侧；手经行于上肢，足经行于下肢。
奇经八脉是督脉、任脉、冲脉、带脉、阴维脉、阳维脉、阴跷脉、阳跷脉的总称。奇经八脉交叉贯串于十二正经之间，具有加强经脉之间的联系，以调节正经气血的作用。
我们的生命：
我们的生命是有限的。慢一点老、少一点病、晚一点死，通过修炼是可以达到的。
我们的健康：
我们的健康是相对的。对于健康，不同时代、地域、文化的人类有明显不同的理解和感受。
我们主张坚持常维新，避免大革命。
我们的灵魂：
我们的灵魂是内在的世界。肉体消亡的同时，灵魂也将寂灭。精神的力量统帅着我们的身躯。
我们的快乐：
我们的快乐是身心的舒适。天人和合、物我圆融，就是极乐。
我们的穴位：
我们的穴位数量无穷，常用者三百多个。其中百会、大椎、命门、长强、会阴、关元、气海、中脘、膻中、印堂、太阳穴、听宫、合谷、劳宫、神门、内关、曲池、肩井、期门、京门、章门、冲门、环跳穴、血海、足三里、承山、三阴交、涌泉等更加重要。
我们的要害：
我们的要害主要有头、胸腹、裆（下阴）、两肋、后腰、后心。
顶心百会、两额太阳、眉中印堂、日月双睛、鼻尖素了、唇上人中、下颌骨缘、耳门听宫、颈部喉结、人迎动脉。
左右两乳、前胸膻中、上腹三角、两侧软肋、肚脐神阙、小腹膀胱与下阴肾囊。
脑后玉枕、两侧耳根、脊背胸椎、肩胛下沿、背部魂门、左右腰眼、腰椎命门、尾闾长强。
股沟冲门、膝盖鹤顶、迎面巨虚、脚面陷谷、膝后委中、足底涌泉。
我们的弱点：
我们的弱点在于支点、死点、痛点、敏感点、要害点、劳损点。
头颅部分的颞骨、蝶骨、鼻骨、下颌骨比较脆弱。这些地方是击打技术的主要对象。
躯干部分的椎骨、肋骨比较薄弱。椎骨受到冲击，易破坏脊神经；轻则瘫痪，重则死亡。躯干内的重要脏器普遍薄弱。惯性震荡能够彻底损伤五脏六腑。
上肢部分的骨骼与关节常常是擒拿技术的对象。
下肢部分的骨骼与关节一般是摔跌技术的对象。
我们的步型：
我们的步型主要有两种：弓箭步、虚实步。弓箭步长于进攻，虚实步妙在退守。
我们的身型：
我们的身型主要有三种：直立、落坐、平卧。
我们的手型：
我们的手型主要有三种：拳、掌、指。拳比掌指易练，指比拳掌难学。
我们的姿态：
我们的姿态可以从四个角度进行分析。
节。发动于根、主宰于枝、作用于梢。节节松开为柔，节节贯穿为刚。
盘。上中下合一，腿脚、身躯、手臂协调。天地人也。
圈。肩胯投影为内，肘膝投影为中，手足投影为外。身意气也。
架。大者长桥大马，小者短打小手；慢者从容不迫，快者随意应对；圈者环环相扣，略者始终无迹；柔者润物无声，刚者横扫千军；方者棱角分明，圆者内外浑圆；定者风摇山岳，活者潮涨江河。
我们的步法：
我们的步法即五行八卦。前进、后退、左顾、右盼、中定，为五行；正前方、左前方、右前方、正后方、左后方、右后方、左方向、右方向，为八卦。
顾打是踏中门，闪进是走边门。
我们的身法：
我们的身法主要有以下四项。
气沉丹田（重力效应）。通常所说气感即本体觉。地球与人体之间存在万有引力，重力的作用点位置对于身躯的运动影响巨大。直立重心一般与传统理论的丹田位置相同。
虚领顶劲（肌力效应）。肌肉的伸缩力是人体运动的主导力。肌力的随意性是修炼的重要课题之一。
中正安舒（稳定平衡）。站桩训练静平衡能力，静中寓动；行拳训练动平衡能力，动中求静。
松静自然（应力均布）。
我们的手法：
我们的手法繁讲变化无穷，略说仅一刚一柔、一虚一实、一松一紧、一动一静耳。世间有讲松弹劲的，有说圆活劲的，还有谈虚灵劲的；有说阴阳劲、矛盾劲的，还有讲开合劲、有无劲的；尚有好心讲八门劲法的，有天才论三十六、七十二劲的，难以尽述。编者认为人格平等、人才有别，只能因材施教、因人而异。入门者一般应重在划圈，大、圆、匀、缓。 拿打是连环套，跌摔是往复通。
我们的形象：
我们的形象应挺拔均整。我们不能前俯后仰、左歪右斜、上下脱节。
我们的感觉：
我们的感觉应该虚灵舒适。
我们的道理：
我们的道理是自然空无。凡事不可强求，一切听任本来。
我们的功课：
时、日、月、年。
子、午、卯、酉是为四时；子时宜入静，午时应习动，卯时来活血，酉时正养气。日出而醒，闻鸡起舞；日落而息，效鹤守诚。
三日紧、六日松、九日常；日升降、月圆缺、人劳逸。
炼一时，得一时；一日练，一日功；功满月，人长功。
春种勤，夏挥汗，秋收实，冬藏宝。
终年课，毕生研， 持久求，最终通。
早、晚；大、小。
早课的内容有三项：醒、行、形。
醒课先醒心，安眠渐凝神，调息微吐纳，叩齿轻鼓漱；
醒眼平常事，抓挠手足情，按摩全身肉，拍打遍体骨。
穿戴合适衣，配备必要物，安排妥帖家，酝酿美好愿；
白水饮一杯，散步行千米，挺拔头胸腹，舒展胳膊腿。
形式有必要，内容更关键，锻炼循章法，运动有乐趣；
蛇形来蛹动，汗出而气定，体味十三势，理解太极拳；
意气演劲力，骨肉化形势，松紧筋骨皮，调整精气神。
晚课的内容有三项：境、静、净。
境课体须松，饥饱心难安，吃饭四刻后，调心一种经；
假借情景理，观想身心意，感应天地人，抒发精气神。
静观真妙动，有现虚空无，旗卷信不移，花落念常在；
易筋松圆活，洗髓净轻灵，炼丹炉火青，参禅意识明；
沐浴风光时，洗涤红尘事，放下大千界，悟入百幻宫。
大功一般一周一次，时间一般为辰时前后。
大功轻松练，寻常有奥妙。
小功一般一周三次，时间一般为未时前后。
小功认真研，长久出学问。
桩、桥、叉、鼎：
桩功是简单平易的基本功课。一竖、一点、一人、一大，足矣。原理很浅显，独立守神、呼吸精气、肌肉若一。
桥功的训练必须循序渐进，不可急切。
叉功分横、竖。
鼎功宜从头肩肘倒立练起，经头手倒立、双手倒立、单手倒立、指倒立，最后练双手推鼎、
单手推鼎。
圈、浪、幽、明：
圈功为九节（头、胸腔、腹腔、大臂、小臂、手、大腿、小腿、足）的空间圆周运动。
浪功为全身各部的依次协调曲线运动。
幽功为翻腾、平衡、用力、静止、跳跃等技巧运动的训练。
明功为从了解和把握拳架着势的意识入手、到深刻领悟和体验感觉无限的训练。左右起脚、上下云手、前后推掌、内外旋指。
松、静、炼、养：
松身：摇、晃、颤、抖、扭、摆、抻、拔。
静心：抱元守一。
炼意：精神贯注。
养气：道法自然。
我们的心法：
聚精会神是一种状态；神清气爽是一种状态；忘乎所以也是一种状态。
内外、动静、虚实、松紧。内为人体，外为环境；动为协调，静为均衡；虚为宽容，实为厚重；松为灵活，紧为坚韧。
我们的手段：
教授搭手。搭手是讲解攻防技艺的最佳方式之一。具体、形象、安全。灵也。
练习*手。*手是熟悉招法与技艺的必要途径。活也。
学习揉手。揉手能够文明、儒雅地体会格斗对抗的感觉。和也。
训练推手。推手的独特性在于合作双方的协调与均衡。稳定和灵活的相反互补、对立统一是训练的核心课题。着也。
体会打手。打手的关键是顺势合理发力借机轻松放人。飞也。
试验散手。散手的奥妙是所谓毫厘（尺寸分毫、斤两钱厘）之间见分别，即点到和寸止。时空感、运动感是散手训练者的重要素质。力度和幅度的控制是散手的核心课题。散手具有对抗性与竞技性。伤也。
双风贯耳打虎势，进退两便搬拦捶；
抱虎推山左右跌，三通臂背前后翻；
披身起脚随意踢，败中取胜鸳鸯腿；
野马分鬃顾盼生，玉女穿梭上下合。
我们的技艺：
跌打。简单说，跌打就是上下相随、手脚并用。
掷放。掷放的关键是拿住、松开。
我们的行为：
反抗与谦让、勇敢与智慧。
我们的局限：
必病、必老、必死。
我们的价值：
我们能够防治疾病、延缓衰老、完善身心、改造世界。少病、慢老、晚死也。
我们的危险：
无知和妄行是我们的危险。
我们的保护：
学习和锻炼是我们的保护。
我们的敌害：
我们的敌害既有自然的、也有人为的；既有外在的，也有内存的。
我们的自卫：
我们的自卫既包括避免内伤七情、外感六淫，也包括追求身心协调、天人和合。
我们的希望：
我们的希望是人生完美、世界和平。
我们的理想：
仙、佛、儒、侠、仁。
山人为仙；逃避喧嚣、烦恼的人类社会纷争，隐居在自然环境中，与天地同春是道家的理想。
弗是弗非；人类文明本无固定的、明确的、具体的知识，释家的理想是提倡随缘顺命。
需要礼义；人类社会与动物世界的区别在于伦理秩序的有无，孔门的理想是天下为公，四海一家。
人类平等；每个人都有权利幸福生存、快乐发展，侠客的理想是实现世界大同。
爱人如己；关心别人的疾苦、帮助别人的生活，仁者的理想是扶危济困、排忧解难。
二.回顾历史、认识社会
过去的铁血
人类的昨天特不堪回首。
战鼓响千年，烽烟燃五洲。弯弓彼此射，挥刀生死搏。
现在的炎凉
人类的今天也不容乐观。
资源、环境问题日益严重，生存、发展面临巨大挑战。民族矛盾和阶级矛盾错综复杂，宗教、法律、道德、风俗、文化等的差别逐渐扩大。
将来的和平
人类的明天本不可阻挡。
发展文化教育事业、进行科技研究活动，都能从根本上推动世界的进步。人类的政治民主化、经济科学化、文化自由化必然促成世界的真正和平。
三.学习理论、把握系统
道（抽象思辩）
理（历史逻辑）
法（系统全面）
术（方便*作）
道：天人和合、物我圆融。
环境：人类生存和发展以环境为舞台。自然环境、社会环境、物理环境、心理环境都很重要。
气候：人体的生理活动要受气候影响，这是常识。人类的心理、伦理现象也受气候左右，虽难理解，但属事实。
场地：平坦、干爽、洁净、明亮。
个人练习，两平米足够。所谓拳打卧牛之地。
集体练习，人均三平米即可。
室内教学，应选择棚高五米左右为宜。
户外教学，花木环抱最佳。
服装：宽大、舒适、透气、吸汗。
器械：因人而异、量力而行。
食饵：营养问题忽视不得。首先，能量要平衡。其次，元素要齐全。再次应注意，补给要及时、充分。
理：思想解放、感情沟通。
教范：依法修炼、循序学习。拳架是基础。先定势，后连势。
礼仪：尊师重义、心平气和。仁厚是关键。欲习拳，必明理。
自修：师傅领路到门前，己身不入也枉然。机缘难得见路径，吾心大悟精进中。主观努力是必要的因素。惟有积极、主动，修炼才能成功。
助练：道、财、侣、地四因缘中，侣最珍贵。高山流水易*，知音同志难寻。 良师益友的帮助是顺利学习中华武术的必要条件。
法：身心协调、形神结合。
静心：投入、同化。
把注意力全部集中到修炼活动中去。难在大家普遍杂念丛生。解决的办法很简单，生活修炼化与修炼生活化。只要平常心在，只要善待人生，只要欣赏世界，则我们无时不静。呼吸风云变，饮食水土易。平常含奥妙，一静寓万动。放下名利心，悟得真实义。天马独来往，自在我知道。
热身：适应和准备。
修炼活动需要精神与肉体的高度协调。进行修炼时，我们的身体不可能在一开始就达到颠峰状态，而是在开始后一段时间内逐渐上升到位。这个过程叫做热身。产生这种现象的原因在于人体的一切活动都是神经系统调节下实现的反射；中枢兴奋性的提高，兴奋冲动沿反射途径的传导，各器官机能的动员，都需要一定的时间。也就是说，人体从开始活动到发挥出最大运动能力需要一个过程。从另一个角度看，热身是克服生理惰性的过程。我们必须牢记首先承载一定时间的微小负荷，可以帮助我们后面的正式修炼。因为热身活动能使我们逐渐进入状态，所以能够避免很多伤害与挫折。热身过程的长短快慢具有个体差异。热身的运动量一般较正式修炼要低。热身可以使物质代谢过程增速，能够普遍提高神经、肌肉等组织的兴奋性，使血管扩张，肌肉粘滞性下降，提高肌肉的收缩和放松的速度，增大肌腱、韧带等的伸展性和弹性。热身内容一般为散步、慢跑等活动。热身的标准是微汗而不喘。时间一般为总修炼时间的一半。
调气：调气就是整理活动。
作用在于使人体机能得到恢复和更好的调节。因为正式修炼的运动量一般较大，结束后立即卧坐，效果均不好。如果适当活动一会儿，对修炼者的身心都有益处。紧张的肌肉运动之后，由于疲劳，肢体往往不易放松。若立刻静止休息，会使得肌肉僵硬。如有意识做一些放松动作，可以使肌肉充分放松，利于消除疲劳。正式修炼中体内积累了一些代谢产物二氧化碳。整理活动中吐故纳新可以还清氧债。另外，整理活动有助骨骼肌中的血液回流心脏。因此，调气是修炼的必要环节。我们一定要重视调气功夫。调气内容一般为轻摇、慢晃、抖动、按摩、敲打等。调气的标准是呼吸均匀、脉搏平稳、感觉轻松舒适。时间一般为总修炼时间的四分之一。
养神：非常重要、不易掌握。简单来说，就叫心理调适。养神既是入门功夫，也是深造手段。养神不单纯是个体行为。养神需要一定的文化修养、社会环境。
呼吸：自然。不无事生非、不自做主张、不盲目模仿、不随心所欲。
倒地：这是入门技术。轻松、安全、顺利、快捷完成倒地动作需要经常反复练习。协调是安全的前提。倒地的要点是缓冲。
抗击：承受打击是我们必须具备的能力。
我们应该循序渐进、持之以恒地努力提高抗击能力。抗击力一方面与体质有关，另一方面与技巧有关。
抗击训练的方法很多。我们建议你根据自己的情况变通采用。入门一般应从自我按摩开始练习，逐渐过渡到器械拍打、相互挤靠。抗击训练的要领是自由松紧。
感应：感物而动，应物自然。
形感神应。感应刺激与抒发兴奋是统一的。提高感觉的灵敏性是入门课题。身有所感，心有所觉。跟着感觉走是入门的秘诀。或者说，感觉是欲入门者的向导。有意识地寻找、跟踪各种感觉是修炼的真正开始。姿态感觉、重力感觉、空间感觉、呼吸感觉、循环感觉，都需要我们认真体验、平等对待。切忌神秘、惊奇。有意识地思想、观察我们的身心是更高的阶段。意识、意念、意感是相互密切联系的。经过有意识的感觉训练可以获得无意识的感应能力。感应是神经系统与其它系统协调统一的能力体现，是身心高度协调统一的标志。感应能力的大小强弱是修炼状态的重要指标。
【关于奥运成为武术项目】
武术已确定成为北京奥运会的特设项目，一共将会决出7枚金牌，其中武术套路5枚、男女散打各1枚。但是这7块金牌不会占用奥运会的金牌名额，同时也不计入最终的奖牌榜。不过获得武术冠军的运动员，将会享受等同于奥运项目冠军的待遇，而且所获的金牌也将计入2009年的十一运会加牌中。
尽管不是奥运会正式比赛项目，但鉴于武术在中国人心目中的特殊地位，国人对这一项目的关注，不比其他任何项目差。
武术表演设15块金牌
据了解，此次特殊的奥运武术表演赛，共设置男女套路10枚金牌，男女散手5枚金牌。比赛的具体项目是，套路：男子长拳、男子南拳南棍全能、男子太极拳太极剑全能、男子刀术棍术全能、男子枪术剑术全能、女子长拳、女子南拳南刀全能、女子太极拳太极剑全能、女子刀术棍术全能、女子枪术剑术全能。散手：男子56公斤级、男子70公斤级、男子85公斤级、女子52公斤级、女子60公斤级。
37名中国选手参赛
中国参加本次武术表演的共37人，都来自于北京体育大学武术学院，共排练了四组节目，分别为兵器类、太极类、长拳类和艺术类。兵器类节目名为《兵法》，演员一出场就穿着盔甲，十八般兵器都会亮相。《太极馆》主要展现攻防含义，陈、杨、吴、武、孙五式太极拳都有体现。长拳类节目名为《龙形天下》，用16个人来表现龙腾虎跃的意境，有虎拳、南拳等拳法以及各种腿法展示。艺术类节目名为《功夫之王》，据悉，象形拳、虎步、马步等五大步形，很多传统元素都会编进去，各有一两招，最后落到对抗里。
参演者享受奥运选手待遇
虽然参加奥运武术表演的武术健儿们，身份并不是奥运参赛运动员，但为了迎接世界各国武术代表团的到来，奥运村为他们开辟了特别的区域，住宿和生活享受与奥运参赛选手同样的待遇。18日，中国武术代表团已正式入住奥运村。而由于武术展示节目中要使用各种兵器，怕伤着观众，出于安全考虑，所有“兵器”要想进赛场，都非常不容易，得向奥组委、文化部层层申报，经过统一安检才能顺利入场。而部分“兵器”为了不伤害场地，还改用了木制品，如木刀、木剑等。
电影
导演：司徒永华
主演：洪金宝
毛俊杰
午 马
监制：成龙
国家地区： 内地
上映日期： 2008年5月1日
幕后花絮：
《武术》是讲述三男两女学武术的故事，而毛俊杰是这五人中唯一受过专业训练的演员，其他四人都是国家武术队退役的业余演员。问及为何成龙会挑选她来出演该片，毛俊杰说可能是自己有跆拳道功底的缘故，她在新片中出演一名打跆拳道的女生。毛俊杰表示，早在中戏念书时，她就想到以后当演员肯定要演武戏的，所以就报名学跆拳道，尽管学得很辛苦，为此脚还受过一次严重的伤，但她咬牙坚持了下来，这次终于可以派上用场。据悉，成龙挑演员非常严格，他要求《武术》的主角都必须真打，所以只会花拳绣腿的演员都不能出演该剧。
Explained in the dictionary: weapons, military struggle contains a variety of lethal, destructive device device.
Cold steel
Broad sense refers to the cold steel of the times of cold weapons all weapons and equipment.
1. Weapons ancient weapons of China since ancient times has there not only for defense, and sometimes even the identity of a status symbol, "affairs of state, in worship, and military" demonstration of weapons in the ancient countries in a prominent position. Advanced level of weapons, often determines whether a country's prosperity.
From the cold steel sub-categories can be divided into 18 kinds, known as the 18-like weapons: knives, guns, swords, halberds, axes, Yue, hook, fork, whip, Mace hammer, grasping, boring, stick , lance, stick, street, and meteors.
In the novels, the role of weapons were myths such as: Romantic Swordsman, Sword, etc.
Classic Fiction is also accompanied by unusual weapon: Guan broadsword, Zhangbayimao Zhang Fei, Lu Bu Fangtianhuaji so.
The development of cold weapons in China
About ancient Chinese weapons can be divided into three stages, beginning with prehistoric times, called the Stone Age archaeological terms, we call this stage of the Stone Age weapons.
Bronze smelting began after the main weapons material at this time began to become a bronze. We call this period the weapons for the Bronze Age weapons. People to understand, after the metal smelting, this time the main weapons used by the military into the steel material is also done, and on into the Iron Age weapons.
Transition period of primitive society to slave society, increasing predatory war, they gradually formed the weapon used in combat and martial arts. Xia still used stone weapons, but improvements, with a small amount of bronze weapons. To the Shang dynasty, the army has become more widespread use of bronze weapons and weapon types increased, the quality has increased substantially. In 1953, the Yin Ruins in Anyang Henan cultural relics have been unearthed in the Shang dynasty bronze spearhead, bronze hooks, bronze Qi, copper knives, copper axes, copper cluster other items. In addition, in Shandong Province Shang Dynasty unearthed weapons Yidu bronze, copper spear head jade, copper Ge.
Further diversification of the Western Zhou Dynasty weapons, the soldiers have a long time: Ge, Ji, Yue, spears, axes and so on. Short men have knives, swords and so on. These weapons are mostly copper, firm texture and excellent benefits. Bronze appearance marks the stone tools of human society from time to enter the era of the use of metal utensils; bronze weapons use, so that weapons entered a new historical price segment, and to play its immense power. Iron weapons began in the Zhou Dynasty, the Warring States period has been widely used. Due abundant reserves of iron, iron the hardness strength than copper, but also easy to cast, therefore, iron weapons replaced bronze weapons gradually, the variety is more complete.
Ancient types of weapons called the world's most, because that's not entirely universal martial nobility, but also because of sacrificial victims and the reason this practice system. Thus, most of bronze weapons also unearthed in the tombs of the nobility. Such as the Sword of Goujian, King Wu spears, and many weapons are important craftsmen from the main hand, deliberate process refinement, embodied a high degree of wisdom and skill, unusual objects comparable. According to historical records, as well as a large number of archaeological finds show that, when Ge, halberd, spear, Shu, ax, ax, hammer, cone, knives, swords, daggers, etc., and is widely used in the war. Operations, the soldiers clothing armor, operating rod of iron, the use Tie Fu, iron knives, iron ax, spear and other weapons. To the Han Dynasty bronze weapons probably completed the transition to iron weapons, to the Three Kingdoms period, copper weapons have basically pulled out of the stage of history, the evolution of the heyday of iron weapons. According to "Code" reads: "Wei Taizi election Chuyue Liang Pi Engineering Steel knives, iron swords, iron dagger, refined and refining of, as Bai Pi (the exercise 100 times)." Leap in the quality of such weapons, the use of weapons bound demanding higher skills, thereby promoting the development of martial arts. Tang and Five Dynasties iron weapons, the long weapon with spears, guns and long knives dominated.
According to "New Book of Tang" record: "Guangbi have Tsuginoikusanokimi, aid spears a thief, the hole girth, the number of people." This shows that the Ming Tang will make good use of spears and sophisticated skills. The main short weapon Zeyi knife. Sword has lost at this time the value of actual combat, a Taoist priest who, ceremonial instruments, martial arts equipment and civil. Fencing has been one of people's favorite martial arts, sword style of a long-lasting. Legend Shixian Bai regular sword, a friend of Choi were praised him: "dancing whisk sword, four are his eyebrows. Tang re-shot, bow and arrow in the structure of compact, standard variety, according to" Tang 6 Code "is written. Arch with a longbow 4 kinds of corner bow, crossbow with Bo Zhang crossbow, crossbows, etc. Point 7, arrows have bamboo arrows, wood arrows, etc. 4.
Song, Yuan and the occasion of the so-called "to be versatile," said. In fact, "18," Pan said, but it is actually much more than that. Song has been public, according to Leung, "General Military" records, there are 18 kinds of long rod Tieqiang, other long-handled iron knife, 8 species, 17 in a variety of short weapons, such as hand knife, Tribulus terrestris, Tiebian, iron, iron sword, ax, intense drilling, hook stick, etc.. The famous "pear gun" is generated in the Song Dynasty, the marksmanship has been developed to skilled level. Yuan weapons are fine and useful. Per meter, according to Mao, "Wu Bei Zhi" records, there are various Tieqiang 6, various knives 7. There are fly hook, Yan, Ma fork, pear gun, wolf bamboo brush for utensils (rifles), Flying Laos, Hammer, Tieji weapons such as 49 species, while guns, artillery 6. The Ming Dynasty, "to be versatile," With the specific content. Zhao Ming Xie system "5 Miscellaneous ZU" Volume in the record: "What are 18 like? A bow, two crossbows, three guns, four knives, five swords, six for seven shields, eight axes, 9 Yue, 10 Ji, 11 lashes, 12 Jane, 13 Laos, 14 Shu, 15 forks, 16 Pd, 17 cotton rope cord, 18 Bust. " "To be versatile," talking about weapon skill in the exercises, it is the first 17 kinds of weapons name. The 18th species of the "Bust", Ming Zhu Guo frame "Chung buildings Essays," explained that: "Bust the hand pump of the movie ... ... that the popular boxing." Qing Ming similar weapons, but only breeds more. Knife, there are knives, Pu Dao, Spring sword, 三尖两刃刀, large circular knives, knife Fung mouth, plum knife, waist knife, swords, knives Miao, Zhuang dagger, Yi stabbing ... ... no fewer than 10 species . In addition, the fork, grasp, Shui, crossbows, axes, shields, hook, Shu, hammer,,?, Bar, barbed, cymbals, Yue, palladium, teeth, shovel, etc. even more numerous. The diverse nature of the instruments, so that the contents of martial arts is more colorful. After the founding of new China, with martial arts training and competition needs, knives, guns, swords, sticks and other equipment commonly used in the specifications of specific provisions, on the weight, length, thickness and equipment materials to have specific requirements, the level of the martial arts played a role in promoting improvement.
Introduction of ancient weapons
9 short: knife, sword, whip, Mace Shui, axes, rods, vertebral, pestle.
9 Length: knife, gun, stick, Yue, fork, frying pan, hook, pike, halberd.
Ancient books on the cold steel of a number of records
1. "Zhou • Summer lawsuit Horse": "Division soldiers, palm five soldiers, five shields, each with its other elements and learn things." First Color Reaction: "Ge, Shu, Ji, Emirates spear, spear barbarian."
2. Southern Song Huayue "Cuiwei North levy recorded" VII <arch system>: "military device 30 has six, while the bow is called first; martial arts 10 and eight, and bow as the first."
3. Southern Song Yongjia years <Zhang Xie> 48th: "the day before two guys, a Road, owe, owe not a Road, 18 martial arts are not only white tussle."
4. Yuan Dynasty in large numbers is said to be versatile, description has become the mantra of life. But not yet see the details.
5. Ming He Liangchen, "Array beam Wu Ji •": "The device shall be, because of its provision of short length, should with the terrain, each with guns, bamboo brush for utensils, bows, crossbows, standard, pistol for the long-soldiers, knives, sickle, fork, palladium, license, ax for the short device. "
6. Xun Ming Jia Jingguo 100 back to the moment, "Water Margin" second time "Wang Yanan government take private coach, nine patterns in a row historians Village>:" history into the daily point of pulling the king coach, versatile, 11 teach from scratch. that to be versatile? spear, hammer, bow, crossbow, pistol, whip, Mace sword, chain, Laos, ax, ax, and Ge, Ji, license, rod and gun, Cha. "
7. Mingxie Zhao system "5 Miscellaneous ZU" Volume: "Orthodox Jisi of change, the recruitment of world warriors. Shandong Li Tong who taught Imperial line, test their skills 18 as emerged, no one with an enemy , thus should be preferred. "(18 as is: a bow, two crossbows, three guns, four knives, five swords, six spears, seven shields, eight axes, 9 Yue, 10 Ji, 11 lashes, 12 Mace 13 dry, 14 Shu, 15 forks, 16 rake head 17 cotton rope cord, 18 Bust.
8. Zhu Guozhen, "Chung Building Pieces," the same, but the 13th for the "strike" under the guise of course ought to sound the same.
9. Qing Chu who was "strong gourd collection": "Shanxi Li Tung Sin to martial arts 18 things, namely, bows, crossbows, guns, knives, swords, spears, shields, axes, Yue, whip, White, Laos, Shu, fork, head, cotton rope, cervical and Bust, a total of 18 kinds. "
10. Qing Chu who was "strong gourd collection • sequel": "Spear, vertebral, bow, crossbow, pistol, whip, White, sword, chain, Laos, ax, ax, and Ge, Ji, license, rod and gun, Cha. "
11. Yuan expedition to the Western, the number of weapons from around the back, complex types, it seems, "18-like weapons" and "to be versatile", which is a collectively or budget.
12. Idioms proverbs in the person with the weapon: Yijianshuangdiao, Collateral, back thrust, drag the knife design, killer, meteor vertebra,
13. Dynasties celebrities to make weapons: Guan broadsword, spear Zhangba Zhang Fei, Lu Bu Fangtianhuaji,
Firearm
Firearms: The fire of anti-people or firing of weapons, firearms profits hit far. Such as guns, artillery, rocket launchers, hand grenades, nuclear weapons (atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb) and so on.
Development of firearms
To the Northern Song Dynasty, gunpowder weapons began to be used. China is the hometown of gunpowder, the Chinese army was the first military use of gunpowder weapons. In the Northern Song Dynasty, "General Military" inside about three formulations that Tribulus terrestris fireball, thunder fireballs, gun powder method. Were made with gunpowder machine using rubble shells fired, of course, the first use of riprap machine is the emergence of guns may be the late Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
When firearms appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty bamboo, stereotypes "defenders recorded" The book talks about, began bamboo, of gunpowder to put out flame inside, or to burn the enemy. There is to spear the placement of a cartridge below, you can flame, was also called muskets. Means that the firearms began to appear tubular, which is the earliest of the firearm.
Gunpowder to the West, because of the social system changes, particularly the seeds of capitalism together, it has a great development. So was the Netherlands, Spain, the merchant ships to China, brought the guns were advanced over the West, Ming Jun-cai see their own behind, it began to notice this problem, they begin to introduce the production technology of Western guns. After the Opium War, the Qing began training recruits, recruits train Yuan, etc., begin the introduction of new Western arms after the history of ancient Chinese weapons is over.
Firearms of progress, a wide variety of firearms, after another, dazzling.
2. "Weapons" magazine is the most famous military magazine.
Martial arts (kung fu):
Boxing and the use of weapons technology, is a traditional Chinese sport. ("Modern Chinese Dictionary")
Martial arts there are other names: Kung Fu, martial arts and martial arts or martial arts, Chinese traditional sport. Its content is the drop kick ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ get beat down ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ hack ﹑ stab attack movements are composed according to certain rules and equipment of all kinds of hand combat offensive and defensive effort ﹑ thrusting practice. Wushu has a very broad popular support, is the Chinese people's social practice in the long and rich continue to accumulate up to a valuable cultural heritage. Wushu Sanda and currently classified as routine, called Sanda Sanshou, Wushu Challenge is the situation, compared with routine martial arts performances.
Evolution】 【Martial Arts
Martial arts goes back to primitive society. At that time, humans had already started with sticks and other primitive tools as a weapon to fight with wild animals, one for self-defense, first, to hunt for subsistence, then the people of wealth to compete with each other, thus creating a more lethal weapons. Such as "Shan Hai Jing ‧ After the conquest of the North" have "Chi for army attack the Yellow Emperor" records. In this way, human beings through the fight, not only produced weapons, and gradually accumulated a certain significance of offensive and defensive fighting skills.
In the Shang period, bronze industry, take the main battle, there are some bronze weapons such as spear and ax ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ Ge Yue Ji ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ swords and other knives. At the same time, there have been the use of such weapons, such as split gill ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ bar cut techniques. In order to improve combat effectiveness, then have the form of the game. Such as "Book of Rites ‧ Wangzhi" contained in the "technology of any executive power, suitable for the Quartet, bare Gu Gong, never shot Royal", which means the level of martial arts contest.
Spring and Autumn period, iron there, step rise of cavalry, in order to play a role in the war Buji, Long Weapon shorter, short handle weapons (especially blade) variable length, so the more enriched the content of weapons, and martial arts Attack and further highlight the same time, martial arts, fitness role of attention. Then the form of a test of martial arts has been widespread, and more impetus to the development of martial arts. According to "pipe ‧ 7 Law" _set_, then each of the "spring angle again." According to "Zhuangzi ‧ The Human World" and "Zi ‧ meeting soldiers" contained, was very particular about a test of martial arts techniques, martial arts play a defensive attack ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ feint so offensive.
Qin Shisheng line horns and hand pump, a game referee, a stadium, with some clothing. 1975 Phoenix Hill in Jiangling County of Hubei Province, Qin tomb unearthed a wooden grate at the back of the painting of a grand game: the stage curtain and streamers, stage 3 upper body naked man, wearing shorts, the waist line band, enough to wear head or shoes, 2 in the game, a referee who made his hands protrusion.
Han, with the sword dance sword dance ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ Shuang Ji Yue dance dance. Which shows that Han's Martial Arts has been obvious combative, there are special tricks, and there in the form of routine. Han is a martial arts period of great development, has formed a variety of technical style of genre. Such as "Han. Literature and Arts" income "military skills" class will have 13 ﹑ 199, all discussion of the "hand-foot-learning, it equipment, integrated agencies, to establish the offensive and defensive victory," the martial arts monographs.
Northern and Southern Dynasties period, frequent wars and bureaucratic elite, or indulge in the art of pleasure or the pursuit of immortality, but its impact has permeated all levels of society life, such as the sword as a mysterious, ceremonial instruments, even Mujian on behalf of the sword , replaced with a preposterous fallacies martial arts, martial arts led to stagnation.
Tang and Five Dynasties period, with the feudal socio-economic development and prosperity, martial arts re-emergence of the Wu Tang introduced the system, and test methods with those granted to the corresponding title of outstanding martial arts, such as "Meng Yin Shi", "agile people in" ﹑ "Technology people in", "foot people in illness," there was specific criteria for each title. Such as "Meng Shi Yin" must "have cited five stone arches, Yanuki 5 bar, easy to use halberd spears sword ... ..." ("Wu Bei Zhi Bai Yin ‧ ‧ means of election by the 16th article"). The _select_ion of personnel through the examination system of the martial arts to promote social activities.
With the development of Buji war, in battle, is gradually being phased out Ge ﹑ halberd, sword, as military technology and more replaced by knife, but as an exercise routine is still evolving.
Rulers of the people, "... ... 20 people gathered above the allowed hunting" ("Yuan judgments" Volume 3, hunger and poverty relief), and even private possession of weapons offense. Adapting to a secret martial arts way more than risk their lives to teaching.
Ming is a martial arts period of great development, there have been technical schools of different styles, instruments have been boxing ﹑ development, especially in the martial arts theory, summed up the past experience of representative works include "s New", "Wu articles "," Farming remnant technology "and so on. These works have documented varying degrees of boxing equipment in the schools ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ History campaign action name ﹑ ﹑ Features methods and techniques theory, some of them with verses and instruction pictures for later study provides an important basis for martial arts.
Qing rulers prohibited martial arts, rural society, "social", "Hall" pass on the secret form of martial arts association, of which the famous boxing, such as Tai Chi Bagua ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ Pi Gua Quan Xingyi Quan Ba Ji Quan ﹑ etc. Formation of the Qing Dynasty more.
Republic of China during this period of the existence of various forms of boxing community, on the dissemination and development of martial arts played a positive role.
Classification】 【martial arts
Martial arts district classification are to have broken down the river to mountains ﹑ have to clan or division within and outside the home, but also divided according to technical characteristics. Modern generally divided into five categories according to their content; often insist on martial arts training can effectively enhance the physique. ﹑ Martial arts in a variety of boxing on the explosive force of leg and require a higher flexibility, especially in the large range of motion, muscle ligaments have very good training effect, martial arts includes a variety of screw pitch change ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ retractable folding shenfa action, calling for "hand to the eyes to," "hand-eye go hand in hand," "Step Go ﹑ body to step to the" higher on the coordination requirements; entire movements are often formed by the scores of movements, and completed within a certain time, so the body can be all-round development of organ systems. Soft and slow practice ﹑ ﹑ Brisk martial arts, such as tai chi, stress to guide actions intended to meet the uniform deep breath, make the whole body blood circulation, the chronically ill for some exercise as a medical treatment, have a more significant effect. Sanshou confrontational ﹑ ﹑ promoter Wushu Short Weapon ﹑ military and other athletic events long, intense exercise, in addition to enhance physical fitness, but also can cultivate courageous ﹑ ﹑ quick wit and other good character.
Concept】 【Martial Arts
Martial arts concepts, is awareness. The fundamental basis of martial arts. In the long historical process, the concept of different periods on the expression of different martial arts, its connotation and extension have with the social and historical development and the development of their martial arts development and changeable.
Historically, there are many vested martial arts class the name of the Warring States called "Attack" soldier skills class); Han emergence of the "martial arts" in, and continued to the late Ming: Early Southern borrow another "anthology "in" Yan closed Martial Arts "(then refers to the military) and" martial arts "in; Republic of China, said," Martial Arts ": after the founding of new China adopted a" martial arts "is used.
With the changes of history, the gradual extinction of cold weapons, special martial arts and boxing equipment for the production routines of large numbers of armed, confrontational project, martial arts competition rules, to develop martial arts has evolved into one of sport. Martial arts sports of its content, form and training methods have undergone great changes, the concept reflects the essential nature of things are changing. Development today, the basic definition of martial arts can be summarized as: martial arts martial is mainly to routine and catch the Big Dipper forms of exercise focus on internally and externally to the Chinese traditional sport.
Second, the martial arts is a sport, it is obviously different from the people injured and maimed practical martial techniques. Despite the routine movement contains a wealth of martial way, but its purpose is to enhance business through the exercise of physical and offensive and defensive ability, skill and technique for the contest, the technical requirements and practical techniques have some differences, sport Sanshou technology is of course much closer to the South of practical skills, but because of the competition rules, will be limited to their sport within the competitive sports. In short, boils down to one point, martial arts have a clear physical attributes, sports is the main social philosophy of today's martial arts, medicine, ethics, military science, aesthetics, qigong and other traditional cultural ideas and cultural values, focus internally and externally, such as whole concept of yin and yang view of change, form of monotheism, Qi, movement, said that so rigid-flexible, and gradually formed a unique style of martial arts national cultural system. It is rich in content, meaning deep, not only has the common human characteristics of sports and physical health, but also has the unique philosophy of Eastern civilization, scientific and artistic, more concentrated expression of the Chinese people in the sports field of wisdom. It is a reflection of the culture of Oriental splendor. Therefore, understanding the broad sense, martial arts is not only a sport, but also a national sport, is the Chinese people built up a long-term valuable cultural heritage.
【Features】 Martial Arts
1. Apartments Attack in Physical Education:
Routine exercise is a unique martial arts forms, a lot of action in the technical specifications. Range of motion such as action and martial change the prototype, but the action method still retains the characteristics of Attack. Even though links throughout and exercise skills needs, not interspersed with some sense of defending and attacking movements, but on the whole _set_ of technologies, the main action is still to play, hit, throw, take, hit, stab dharmas as Lord, is a routine technical core. It is characteristic of defending and attacking one by one and come through the performance, bringing together 100 of its combative approach is extremely rich in the amnesty hand. Short men should not be used in technical methods, in routine movement still embodied.
2. Internal and external integration, Vivid's national style:
Study both physical specifications, they seek spiritual communication. Internal and external integration of the overall concept is one of the characteristics of Chinese martial arts. The so-called, the means, God. Italy and other operational efforts toward the total gas activities: the so-called external, that shape such as hand-eye body step activities. Inside and outside, form and spirit are interrelated and integrated whole.
3. A wide range of adaptability:
Practice martial arts form, content rich and varied, with competitive antagonistic Sanshou, Pushing Hands, short men, have for a variety of boxing exercises and equipment to the training, as well as their methods and adapt to a variety of exercises. Different boxing moves and equipment have different structures, technical requirements, movement style and amount of exercise, respectively, meet people of different age, gender, physical needs, people can root? Y on its own conditions and interests to choose to practice, while it market pool, the equipment requirements of low, commonly known as "punch wau-land", practitioners can space the size of the
Changes in content and practice, even if no device can also be a time reference hand training, practice. In general, by the time limit very small season. Compared with many sports games, all with a wider range of adaptability, martial arts can be under the general decline of civil life time, and this feature was not unrelated to the use of this feature can be provided for the convenience of modern mass sports activities to further martial arts socialization.
【Functions】 Martial Arts
(A) improve the quality, fitness self-defense, Wushu includes flexion and extension of its action, circle, balance, jump, somersault, or flutter, almost all parts of the body should participate in sports.
Systematic martial arts training, human speed, strength, dexterity, endurance, flexibility and other physical requirements higher, the human body, "an action there is no fixed", almost all to participate in sports, people's mental and physical exercise have been the whole West. Practice shows that the joint profits of foreign energy, strong bones, strong body; internal organs can manage, through the channel, adjust the spirit. Martial Arts stresses the interest rate adjustment of qi and ideas activities within the environment in regulating the balance, tone blood, improving body functions, physical fitness is very beneficial.
Martial Arts Movement and the struggle movement, are based on martial as its core content, Zhou Gong through martial arts training, not only to enhance the body's role, and patients can learn to cast offensive and defensive combat, especially martial arts skill training, attack and play better effective.
Martial arts fighting sport, through the second anti-technology practice, punching, kicking, wrestling and other action of the use of fast, well in the text each other exceed and attack he weaknesses, he avoided edge, pay attention to get machine, too, the upper hand, to improve Judgement and ability to cope. This undoubtedly will raise awareness and self-defense self-defense capability to defeat the enemy. In particular, the armed police and border police officers and men on a more practical meaning and effect.
(B) the exercise will develop their characters, practicing on the quality of the test will be multi-faceted. Practice basic skills, to continue to overcome the pain off, temper, "winter training on March 9, dog day of summer practice," year-round exercise and the will of the quality of perseverance. Routine practice, to overcome the dry off and train hard work, tempering of excellence in quality and never complacent. Face strong competitors to overcome the negative to avoid customs, exercise courageous, tenacious, unyielding will to fight. After a long workout, you can train it hard, hard, courageous, tenacious, humble, studious, brave members of our moral habits and will.
(D) exchange skills and promote friendship: rich in martial arts, technical reasons connected, after entry will be "Arts endless" feeling. Mass of the martial arts, then it will become, discuss techniques, exchange ideas, a good friendship means. With the martial arts in the world wide dissemination, promotion and foreign martial arts fans can exchange. Martial arts enthusiasts in many countries like Wushu, also love Martial Arts, they understand the Chinese culture through the martial arts, exploring Eastern civilization. Martial arts through sports competition and cultural exchange channels with the friendly exchanges between the peoples of the world are playing an increasingly larger role.
【Content】 Martial Arts
(For training)
Of the training is two or more persons, in accordance with predetermined procedures of the offensive and defensive combat routines. Including hand on training, equipment on training, fitness training and equipment of the three kinds of training method.
(A) hand on the practice: is the use of kicking, beating, throwing, holding and other methods, in accordance with the attack, defense, fighting back from combat sports boxing sparring routines, and sometimes boxing, and grappling, Nanquan on training, Xing Yi Quan sparring.
(B) of the equipment on the train, are instruments of the hack, hack, attack, attack and stab other methods of composition of the training routine, the main instruments of the training with long, short weapon sparring, long and short on practice, single and double on the training , single-and soft-on training, two-and soft-on training and other forms, often with single-pole, into the gun, three-section cudgel into stick. Double dagger into the gun, sword, etc. on the thorn.
(C) of the hand and apparatus of the training is a method of hand, the other holding device for the offensive and defensive sparring routines, such as empty-handed won the sword, won the club empty-handed, empty-handed into the guns and so on.
(Group exercise)
Group exercise is a collective of hand, equipment or experts and equipment drills. In the race usually require more than six people can change formation, design, musical accompaniment can also be used to require formation neat, coordinated action.
Fighting sports, is both of them under certain conditions, according to certain rules of the battle of wits against the practice than the power form. Martial Arts Competition is now progressively undertaken with scattered hand, push hands, short of three soldiers.
(A) Sanda, according to certain rules is to use two kick, hit, throw. Take the other methods of winning the competitive sport.
(B) of the promoter is both in accordance with certain rules, use of shed, pull, squeeze, press, mining, eg, elbow, by other means, the two sides with adhesive stick, to judge by the feeling of muscle each other's Push, and then made by Jin King will be released each other, thus determine the winner of the competition branch project.
(C) short-soldiers: It is a kind of two armed with rattan, leather, cotton production in the short rod-like instrument, in 16 Chinese foot diameter circular venue, according to certain rules. Use of hack, stab, collapse, point, cut and other methods have no idea of competitive sport.
】 【Chinese martial arts
Chinese martial arts, many routines, present a splendid sight. Of Physical Education Institute study published in 1985, clouds too, "the history of Chinese martial arts," boxing has 46 total some 75 species, some have 27 instruments, see its many intricate. In fact, we discussed above Shaolin, Wudang, Emei, Nanquan four school-house, there are many tribes, the tribes of any significant characteristics of a routine, they may develop into new sects. In addition to four school have a greater number of smaller number of factions, like stars, the formation of the Grand View of Chinese martial arts culture.
From the organized sector perspective, the performance of the martial art martial arts groups; from martial arts teacher to the characteristics of the point of view, to learn kinds of martial arts group, and routine performance.
Martial have more social, boxing, the art of routine stronger. Two from different angles martial arts groups have come out of the concept of mutual tolerance, mutual cross-exist.
Below, we will, "martial arts" 1989 10 10 000 month "routine of boxing," so named from the perspective of boxing out the boxing routine, to see the vastness of the Chinese Wushu numerous and evident.
"Buddhist Holy Sin, God, a Boxer named only ghosts, Jiro boxing, Skanda boxing, boxing Monkey King, the Eight Immortals Boxing, boxing day Romania, to evil boxing, boxing six stars, Na Zha Quan, King boxing, boxing Guanyin, Vaughan boxing, Buddhism, boxing, Luohan, Diamond hammer. Ershibasu boxing, four cents on boxing, boxing Seven friends, Lohan mantis boxing, boxing Yasha patrol the sea, Vajra Samadhi palm, Yasha iron palm, etc..
The "door" named - I gate fist, hard door boxing, boxing Famennian, Buddhism boxing, boxing Red Gate, the Fish Gate boxing, boxing Confucius, throttle boxing, boxing Watergate, fire door boxing, boxing birds gate, Buddhist Fist , narrow gate boxing, boxing the word gate, Sun doors boxing, boxing strict door. Bear Door boxing, boxing natural doors, new doors lead boxing, boxing Lohan doors, mill door boxing, boxing, etc. Water Margin door.
To name names - and Liu Quan, Caijiaying boxing, Li Quan, Mok Ka boxing, boxing Wu family, Xuejia boxing, loyalty to boxing, Zhao Quan, Du boxing, boxing Chow, Chi-style boxing, temperature home boxing, Chia-boxing, Zou Quan, Gao Quan, QI Jia Quan, Hung Buddhist Fist, Yue tutor, bell tutoring, tutor Diao, Li tutor, tutor Zhu, Cai Lifo boxing, with boxing's Yue, Luo 3 show, Yang bunt, Hu stamp feet, stamp feet Hao, Chen Tai Chi Chuan, Yang Tai Chi Chuan, Vu Thi Tai Chi, Sun Tai Chi, Wu Tai Chi Chuan, Lin down boxing, Vu Thi 10 8 technology, etc..
Bruce named 11 animals, snake boxing, boxing tiger, leopard boxing, crane boxing, boxing lion, like boxing, horse fist, monkey boxing, boxing Biao, dog boxing, boxing chicken, duck fist, dragon fist, dragon pile boxing, dragon of boxing, OK Bruce, dragon fist, fire, Bruce, Bruce Green, dragon changquan, sea dragon fist, snake tongue boxing, tiger fist, Black Tiger Fist, Blue Tiger Fist, white tiger fist, hunger Tiger Fist, Tiger Fist, Tiger Fist, tigers boxing, five virtual boxing, boxing eight tigers, Tigers & Boxing, boxing back to Tiger, tiger boxing side of the car sloppy boxing, boxing Tiger Hidden Hill, Five Tigers flock boxing, work word tigers boxing, boxing Tiger Balm, Tiger Crane Double Form Boxing, White Crane, Crane were boxing, Minghe boxing, flying crane boxing, boxing food crane, crane fist full, hungry crane boxing, boxing five Zuhe Yang, Yong-chun white crane fist, a one-man flying crane boxing, lion-shaped punch, Lion Boxing, Shi Hu boxing, two lion hold ball fist, power fist ape, ape fist, monkey fist rou bowed to the ground, the short arm of White Ape Fist, white ape steal peach punch , chicken-shaped punch, duck-shaped punch, eagle boxing, boxing eagle rock eagle boxing, Thai boxing, boxing kite, kite changquan, Yan fist, geese palm, butterfly palm, cattle turtle boxing, boxing crabs, Minnesota boxing , oriole shelves, mandarin duck boxing, mantis boxing, hard mantis boxing, secret door mantis boxing, eight step mantis boxing, plum blossom mantis boxing, seven star mantis boxing, wrestling hand mantis boxing, Luhe mantis boxing, light board locust mantis boxing, Yuhuan mantis boxing, etc. .
Named to the daily debris - towel boxing, boxing fan, umbrella boxing, Hua Quan, boats boxing, boxing bell, boxing bench, boxing jacket, boxing cloud broom, braces off boxing, flowers Boxing, Plum Flower, Lotus boxing, spiral boxing, boxing gate, white boxing, boxing Tom bottles, Zhan Yi boxing, female boxing clothes, boxing three wars Tieshan, 30 Luk Hop lock.
Named by means of plug - boxing, boxing cut, hanging boxing, boxing gear, bar-boxing, Kata, wearing boxing, boxing tear, turned boxing, artillery fist, palm cover, swordsman, short hand, five hand punch, should hand boxing, boxing hand kneading, co-hand fist, closed fist hand, practiced hand boxing, bar hand fist, Pi Gua Quan, put down block punch, hit boxing, boxing through arms, killer of palm, palm against arm, the word hand, cross hands, row Handball, vancomycin hand, Huang Ying hand, eight Black Hand, Kam eight hands, according to Yang hand, gold gunmen, Plough hand, to Sha Shou, four heavy-handed, broke up eight quick, biting hand Liuhe boxing, boxing covered hand Luhe, Jiugong capture or hand, Lohan 18 hands, 24 broken hand, 36 closed hand, 72 intervention, 36 to see counterparties.
By step, leg named - namely, snap dark legs, Inspector legs, arms and legs, with legs, stamp feet, four-step boxing, boxing six-step, eight-step boxing, training step Huan, wearing boxing step, cis-step pounding, pounding step back, step pounding block, Chung-step pounding, chaotic eight-step, three-step framework, five-step beat, eight-step turn, dug sub leg, foot slide type, 12-step frame, six-step bulk hand, cross legs boxing, slipped tripod child, step chain mandarin ducks, deer step plum post, eight-step chain-boxing, Jiu Gong 18 legs, Shaolin 28-step, progressive duck legs and other chain.
To lay boxing class - to lay fist, to punch line, to power stamp feet, to successfully turn son to power Luohan, live law Bruce Wong, to lay the Eight Immortals Boxing, King lay in boxing, Shaolin to Bruce, to duck power fist, dragon fist to lie down, roll 18 or so 9.
Drunken Master Class - Pat Sin drunk, drunk water swim, drunk slide block, the Eight Immortals punch drunk, drunk Luohan, Wen Quan Eight Immortals, the Eight Immortals Wu boxing, boxing great Eight Immortals, the Eight Immortals mixed boxing, Qing Eight Immortals Boxing, Shaolin Drunken Master, Forms of the Eight Immortals boxing, boxing Lohan drunk, too drunk boxing since, Wu drunk or boxing, or boxing drunk Yan Qing, Shi Xiu drunken boxing, boxing, etc. Lu Striking the gate.
Or boxing class - or flutter fist, stick or fist, Zhan Yi 18 or, Wu mixed boxing, boxing handcuffs off Wu, boxing, etc. Water Margin chain.
In addition, there are parts of the famous boxing: Xing Yi Quan (boxing mind Luhe), Dacheng Quan (Yi Quan), Bagua Quan, Ba Gua Zhang, Ba Ji, Luhe boxing, boxing investigation, Chinese boxing, red boxing, Boxing Day , Mian Zhang, cotton boxing, Tai Xu Quan, Jiro boxing, compassion boxing, boxing skill, the stone fist, Citylink boxing, two appearances boxing (Tai Chi fast fist), one-armed fist, crazy boxing, boxing ambush, Behind boxing, Myanmar boxing, wrapping boxing, boxing wrestle consultations, such as Sunrise palm.
Routine well-known instruments are: 8 Jinsuo knife, Bagua Dao, gossip big guns, Jiuzhou stick, Luhe knives, guns Luhe, Luhe sword, Luhe stick, sun, moon and heaven and earth knife, sun, moon and heaven and earth ring, Shaolin pole 18 roll, Tai Chi sword, Tai Chi sword, stick River State, crescent gun, stick Dharma, Dharma stick, Shun Yeung sword, the Eight Immortals Shun Yeung Sword, Wudang Sword, Qingping Jian, Yuan Qingping Jian, Yang Qingping Jian , Jia Qingping sword, knife plum plum gun.
From these martial arts martial, boxing, routine in the control xia martial arts culture to pursue, there are two meanings, one that you can see the Xia culture, history and reality of martial arts in the source; Second, Xia culture, martial arts can be seen in Components and imagination and reality gap. Understand these, I believe that the powers of the Xia culture, and further understanding and appreciation will have some meaning and value.
【Martial arts and "Book of Changes"】
Chinese martial arts and classical literature, is the symbiotic relationship between the same root, is Chinese traditional culture of the two-Pitt, called Gemini, a similar picture, as brilliant. Little attention, will find the origin of Chinese martial arts is the Beginning of Chinese classical literature; Wen Shi with weapons and equipment is at least two or three thousand years ago, like a pair of twin brothers to join hands and line; dance bar and get the gun stonewalls , is to be our early ancestors is looking at two aspects of cultural accomplishment. History, there are numerous martial arts writers themselves, but also many literary works full of martial arts style. This is no precedent in world cultural history can be said of the Chinese nation's unique cultural phenomenon.
In general, people rarely get together martial arts and classical literature to talk about, especially in the symposium on; and we have very little in various publications, see the martial arts and classical literature, both interwoven, complement each other of and discussed. Especially in the martial arts and classical literature joint cooperation, such as the two act in harmony, like a blacksmith, after thousands of years of heating, quenching, forging a common ideal of Chinese national character personality and perfect this point, no one found At least no one explicitly elaborate. When I was surprised to find this point, I respect martial arts and classical literature arises spontaneously. Can not wait 45 years old when the chickens began to hammer the wall to steal light.
"I Ching" was born the concept of the earliest martial arts.
"Book of Changes", the clear about martial arts, the "gentleman except Rong device, Ring has no fears of" the sentence, saying that "gentlemen should remediation weapons, in case of emergency." This modern martial arts for fitness, self-defense is consistent with the concept. Among them, "Lee Taketo of Zhen" in the "Taketo" --- is at home in the ancient martial art of direct "appearances." "Vigorous and Chiang Kai-shek," said the man, also the martial arts. The so-called "Li Tian Zhidao, say yin and yang; site of the Road, said, soft and rigid; Li live by, said, benevolence and righteousness", and discussed the law of cosmos and human health, including the establishment of the concept of gossip, all of the future generations Martial Arts has played a huge and profound impact.
"Yin and yang is called Tao. To know almost everything the Road, the world economy. In heaven as in the ground forming, changing, see carry on. Is a solid phase Rigid Mount, gossip with swing." - You "Book of Changes" in of these ideas, said to now Taijiquan and Baguazhang Bagua boxer, have said they like the line of the words.
【Introduction】 Martial Arts
Chinese martial arts-loving friends and more difficult to get the road started suffering. We also know that many Chinese martial arts heterodoxy. According to our understanding the introduced common sense 12, please work to understand, flexible use.
1. Understand ourselves, and experience the life
Our body:
Our bodies are head, trunk, limbs, hair, skin, flesh, bones, organs, nerves, sensory, purposeful, lung, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys, eyes, ears, nose, tongue, with brain and spinal cord. There was once a lot of people can not distinguish heart and brain, are much better now. Our bodies are complex and changing arena. Respiration, circulation, digestion, excretion, movement, metabolism, immunity, regulation, and the process of human phenomena that constitute our common world.
Our minds:
Our minds are mental events. Function of the nervous system of human evolution so that we may understand and transform the world.
Our minds to thinking, you can think, good at learning, focusing on innovation.
Our minds create ethics, law, mythology, religion, legend.
Our minds have invented all technology, appreciation of the arts, advocate science, love of literature possible.
Our bones:
Our bones are about 206, to provide basic framework for the whole body, with shaping, pragmatic, protection and sport functions. The backbone of the spinal bones.
Our bones are divided into the skull, trunk bones, limbs 3.
The ends of the bones by cartilage, ligaments or joints connecting. Both joint activities, and very strong; the composition of the top joint of the bone-side covered with a layer of articular cartilage, can buffer the shock movement. A connective tissue around the joint formed by the cyst, called the joint capsule; joint capsule is sealed, its called the joint cavity inside the cavities. Joint capsule divided into two levels: outer dense fiber layer, inner layer of the synovium, the thin, loose connective tissue; synovial secretion of synovial fluid in the joint cavity can reduce the friction when the joint movement.
In addition, certain joints in the joint cavity also has intra-articular ligament and articular cartilage (meniscus or articular disc), making the connection more solid bone.
Skull from the 23 different bone size and shape, divided into two parts, cranial and facial skull. After the skull in the top of the formation of the cranial cavity, protecting brain; surface below the skull on the front, forming the outline of the face and form of orbital, nasal and oral bony base.
Body composition of spinal bone, including 24 single vertebrae (7 cervical, thoracic 12, lumbar 5), a sacrum and a coccyx and composition of the thorax of the 12 pairs of ribs, costal cartilage and a piece of the sternum. Through the disc between the vertebrae, ligaments and intervertebral joints to connect into the spine through the spinal canal length, the contents of the spinal cord. The entire spine in the anteroposterior direction with four curved convex forward neck, chest, back convex, convex waist forward, backward sacral convexity, which bend the body to adapt to the upright posture, in the wake of the growth process .
The limb bones, including the scapula, clavicle, humerus, ulna, radius, carpal 8 (navicular, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform bone, trapezium, trapezoid, head shape and hamate), metacarpal 5 and phalanx, they were composed of shoulder, elbow, wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints and knuckles.
Lower limb including the hip (from the ilium, pubis, ischium form), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bone 7 (talus, calcaneus, navicular, first, second, third cuneiform bone, cuboid bone), metatarsal and the phalanx of 5, which respectively formed the hip, knee, ankle, tarsometatarsal, metatarsophalangeal joints and toe joints.
Our skeleton is a live organ, has its growth, development and the aging process, always keep metabolism.
Our muscles:
Our skeletal muscle is to exercise the power organ. Body skeletal muscle is about 600, about 40% body weight.
Each _set_ of muscles formed by a number of muscle bundles, each muscle bundle it by the numerous muscle fibers, muscle connective tissue surface of package, called muscle membrane, _insert_ed into the intramuscular connective tissue wrapped muscle bundle, called the muscle bundle membrane, the final stretch Each parcel within the beam into the muscle fiber, called endomysium.
Blood vessels and nerves (sensory and motor fibers) into the muscle along the muscle membrane, but also the distribution along the muscle bundle to the muscle fiber membrane to regulate muscle tension, so that muscle contraction and regulate muscle nutrition, metabolism and growth.
Our internal organs:
Our internal organs mainly by digestive, respiratory, urinary organs, reproductive organs and other components. One of the digester, including digestive tract and digestive gland of two parts. From the digestive tract from the mouth, extending to the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum), colon (cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon), rectum, anus finally. Digestive gland with the salivary glands, liver, pancreas and digestive tract wall of numerous small glands. Gland secretions into the digestive tract catheter involved in the digestion process. Respiratory, including the passage of gas - the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, and gas exchange organs - lungs. Nose, pharynx, larynx and trachea, commonly known as upper respiratory tract, bronchial these are called the lower respiratory tract. In addition, the pleura and pleural cavity is a breathing assist device. Urinary organs function is to produce and excrete urine. Urinary organs including kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra. Reproductive system and urinary system occurred in individuals have a common origin, so the two systems often collectively referred to as the genitourinary system. Reproductive organs including the gonads (testes or ovaries), and other reproductive tract.
Our Meridian:
Meridians are meridians and collaterals in general. Meridian qi and blood is running body contact organs Segment, communication up and down outside, pathways regulating the various parts of the body. Through the intersection of the meridian line and through the human body's internal organs to limbs Bai Hai, features Jiuqiao, tendons and skin and other tissues and organs into an organic unity.
Our meridians throughout the body, a total of serious 12 (morbidity, hand, foot morbidity,, Sanyang hand, foot Sanyang), kidneys and numerous collaterals.
12 serious contacts in accordance with their internal organs of the yin and yang properties and its location in the body along different lines determined. Yang is Fu, the lateral line in the limbs, Yin and are dirty, the inside line on the limbs; hand by-line in the upper extremity, foot by the line in the lower limb.
Kidneys is the Governor Vessel, Conception Vessel, red veins, with vein, Yin-dimensional pulse, Yang-dimensional pulse, Yinqiao vein, Yang Rocker general vein. Kidneys between cross-linked by the 12 serious and has strengthened the links between the meridians to regulate qi serious role.
Our lives:
Our life is limited. Slow down the old, less disease, little later died, can be reached through the practice.
Our health:
Our health is relative. For health, different times, regions, culture, human beings have significantly different interpretations and feelings.
We always insist on reform advocates, to avoid the Revolution.
Our souls:
Our soul is the inner world. Dead body at the same time, the soul will be as invisible. Commander of the spiritual power of our body.
We are happy:
Our happiness is physical and mental comfort. Heaven Hop, Object and the Subject, is bliss.
Our point:
Our infinite number of points, commonly used in more than 300. One Baihui and Dazhui, Mingmen, long strong, perineum, Guan Yuan, Qi Hai, Zhong Wan, tanzhong, YINTANG, temples, listening to house, gu, labor Palace, Shenmen, internal relations, music pool, shoulders well, on the door, the door to Beijing, Zhang door, red door, ring dance Point, a sea of blood, Zusanli, Cheng Shan, Sanyinjiao, springs and so much more important.
Our vital:
The crucial point of our major head, chest, belly and crotch (vaginal), Liang Lei, lower back, after the heart.
Top Heart Baihui, two places the sun in Yintang eyebrow, dual moon eyes, nose pigment, and lips of those, the mandible edge of the door listening ear Palace, neck Adam's apple, people welcome artery.
Left and right breast, chest tanzhong, abdominal triangle, both sides of weakness, Shenque navel, abdominal kidney bladder and vaginal capsule.
Behind jade pillow, both sides of ears, back thoracic, subscapular along, the soul back door, left and right loin muscle, lumbar Gate of Life, Long Tail strong.
Thigh red door, knee crane top face of huge voids, and the foot stuck Valley, the appointment of knee, foot springs.
Our weaknesses:
Our weakness is the pivot point of death, pain points, sensitive points, crucial point, strain point.
Head part of the temporal bone, sphenoid, nasal bone, the mandible weak. These places are the main target of beating technology.
Trunk vertebrae, ribs weak. Vertebrae by the impact, easy to damage the spinal nerve; ranging from paralysis, while in death. Vital organs within the body generally weak. Inertial vibration can damage internal organs thoroughly.
Upper part of the bones and joints are often the object of capture technology.
Lower limb bones and joints are usually the object of wrestling techniques.
Our step form:
Our main, two-step model: bow step, the actual situation further. Step longer than the bow and arrow attack, Ideological and wonderful step in the retreat.
Our body type:
We have three main body types: upright, Luozuo, supine.
Our hand-type:
Our hands, there are three main types: fist, palm, means. Boxing training easier than the metacarpal that difficult to learn than the palm and fist attack.
Our attitude:
Our attitude can be analyzed from four perspectives.
Section. Launched at the root, dominate in the branch, acting on the tip. Steadily release as the soft, steadily through the just.
Plate. The middle one, legs, torso, arm coordination. Heaven, Earth, too.
Circle. Shoulder and hip as the internal projection, Zhou Xi projection as in hand-foot projection for the outside. Emotional body also.
Frame. Longbridge Malaysia big to the small hands were bunt; slow those leisurely, were free to respond quickly; circle are linked together, were always a little unscented; soft were silent lubricant, just by Total Annihilation; side by angular , round by round and inside and outside; _set_ by the wind shaking the mountain, living by the rising tide rivers.
Our step:
Footwork is the five elements of our gossip. Forward, backward, left, and right hope, in the _set_, the five elements; front, left front, right front, being the rear, left rear, right rear, left direction and right direction for the gossip.
Gu is a step in the door to play, flash is going into the side door.
Our shenfa:
Our shenfa mainly the following four.
Qi Shen Dan Tian (gravity effect). Gas that is commonly referred to a sense of proprioception. Gravitational force between Earth and the human body, gravity point position for the body movement effects. Vertical center of gravity and the traditional theory of the pubic region generally the same location.
Virtual collar top strength (strength effect). Muscle stretching force is the dominant force of human motion. The arbitrary strength is an important issue for practitioners.
CKS times of refreshing may (stable equilibrium). Zhan Zhuang training of static balance, static and dynamic in Apartments; line balancing boxing training capacity, and seeking quiet dynamic.
Song static nature (uniform stress).
Our approach:
Change the way we talk endless prosperity, that only a just a slightly soft, a virtual one real, one loose a tight, action was a quiet ear. Speaking world have loose elastic strength, there are that live round strength, and also talk about virtual Ling Jin's; have said Yang Jin, contradictory posturing, but also about opening and closing of strength, whether or not Jin's; there are good intentions about 8 Jin law, there is genius on 36, 72 King's, it is difficult to make out. Editor's Note that the equality of personality, talents are different, and can only cater for individual needs, varies. Beginners general should focus on circling, big, round, uniform, slow. Play is _set_ to take a chain, or throw a pass back and forth.
Our image:
We have the whole image should be upright. We can not Qianfu back, left oblique distorted the right, up and down out of line.
We feel:
We feel should be virtual spiritual comfort.
Our reasons:
Our reason is the natural emptiness. Everything sera, all originally allowed.
Our homework:
Hour, day, month, year.
Son, L, d, unitary is 4:00; neutrons should meditation, noon should practice moving, Mao Shi to blood, You Shi is raising gas. Sunrise and wake up, smell the chicken dance; at sundown, Shou-Cheng Hok effect.
Tight three-day, the 6th song, 9 daily; on down, lack of full moon, people work and rest.
Mixing time, have a time; day training, the 1st power; power full moon, one long function.
Species of ground spring, summer sweat, real autumn, winter and hidden treasures.
Year-round classes, life-long study, persistent demand, the final pass.
Morning and evening; large and small.
The contents of their first class of three: wake up, line, shape.
Wake up wake up the first class mind, sleep gradually rapt attention, the interest rate adjustment micro medicines, beating drum gear light rinse;
Eye opener norm scratch brotherhood, massage the body meat, bone flap over the body.
Wear suitable clothing, with the necessary materials, arranging appropriateness home, brewing a good wish;
Drink a glass of white water, walking line km, upright head and chest, belly and stretch arms and legs.
Form is necessary, the content is more critical, training through the organization of writing, movement, fun;
Snake to pupae move, sweat and gas fixed, body odor 13 situation, to understand Tai Chi Chuan;
Emotional speech momentum of flesh and blood of the situation, elastic skin bones, adjust and Manner.
Evening classes, there are three elements: environment, static, net.
Environmental lesson to be loose body, hungry heart full and no security, after eating four carved, by aligning a kind;
Under the guise of feelings, think of the physical and psychological meaning, sensitive world of people, to express and Manner.
Contemplation really wonderful move, there are no empty flag letter sternly paper, the flowers read often;
Yi Jin Song round living, pulp washing net Brisk, alchemy fire blue, clear sense of Zen;
Shower scene, the washing the Red things down Daqian community, aware into 100 Magic Palace.
Great service usually once a week, usually chenshi time around.
Merits and easy practice, there is extraordinary secret.
Minor merits generally three times a week, when the time is generally not around.
Minor merits careful study, long out of learning.
Piles, Bridge, fork, Ding:
Static stance is simple and easy basic homework. Pricked, that one person, a big, nothing more. The principle is very simple and obvious, independent obey God, breathing fine air, if a muscle.
Successful training must be progressive bridge, not urgent.
Fork power divider horizontal, vertical.
Ding inverted shoulder and elbow function should start from practicing, by the headstand, handstand, single handstand, that inverted, the final push hands training Ding,
Tripod with one hand pushing.
Circle, waves, quiet, that:
Space Power for the nine (head, thorax, abdomen, upper arm, forearm, hand, thigh, calf, foot) of space circular motion.
Wave function for the whole body of the order of the coordination curve movement.
Quiet power to somersault, balance, force, static, and jumping skills in sports training.
Out power to understand and grasp the fist fight from the awareness of the potential starting to realize and experience the profound sense of unlimited training. About Chuangtzu, cloud hands up and down, pushing around the palm, inside and outside the rotating means.
Song, Jing, Lian, Yang:
Loose: shake, Akira, trembling, shaking, twisting, lying, stretch, pull.
Meditation: sticking.
Refine: Mental concentrate.
Keeping the Spirit: Imitation of Nature.
Our Center of Velocity:
Concentrate on a state; refreshing is a state; carried away is also a state.
Internal and external, static, actual situation, elastic. Within the human body, external to the environment; action is coordinated, static for the balance; virtual as tolerance, in fact, heavy; pine as a flexible, tight as tough.
Our means:
Professor give a hand. Take the hand is the best way to explain one of offensive and defensive skills. Specifically, image, security. Ling also.
Exercise * hand. * Hand is familiar with the tactics of the necessary means and skills. Live also.
Learning rubbing hand. Rub hands to civilization, and refined to experience the feeling of fighting against. And also.
Pushing Hands training. Pushing Hands is unique in that the partners of coordination and balance. Stable and flexible complement to the contrary, the unity of opposites is the training of the core issues. With also.
Experience of thugs. Hatchet man is the key advantage of the opportunity and reasonable opportunity to easily release the fat edge. Fly also.
Test Sanshou. Sanshou is called the least bit subtle (size nothing, Jin Liang Qian PCT) see the difference between that point to and inch only. Temporal and spatial sense, movement sense is an important quality of the Boxing trainer. Strength and range of control is the core topic Sanshou. Sanshou confrontational and competitive nature. Injury also.
Tiger ears double wind potential, advance and retreat will be to move the two bar hammer;
Tiger Hill hold about pushing down, three-arm back around the turn;
Phi body Chuangtzu free kick, duck leg defeat to win;
Horse mane stare students, teen idol shuttle up and down together.
Our skills:
Bone-_set_ter. Simply put, bone-_set_ting is the up and down and walk away, hands and feet.
Throw up. Hold the key is to throw up, release.
Our behavior:
Resistance with humility, courage and wisdom.
Our limitations:
Will be sick, will the old, die.
Our values:
We can prevent disease, slow aging, improve physical and mental, change the world. Less illness, slow aging, late die.
Our risk:
And the regime's reckless ignorance is dangerous.
Our protection:
Learning and training is our protection.
Our predators:
We both natural predators, but others in order; both external and also memory.
Our self-defense:
Our self-defense to avoid internal damage both the impassioned, Exogenous six evils, including the pursuit of mental and physical coordination, Heaven Hop.
We hope:
Our hope is that the perfect life, world peace.
Our Vision:
Xian, Buddhist, Confucian, Xia, Yan.
Hermit is cents; to avoid noise, annoyance of human social strife, retreat in the natural environment, and the world is the Taoist ideal of the same spring.
Vladimir is Vladimir non; human civilization of the non-fixed, clear, specific knowledge, the ideal of Buddhism is to promote Going obedient.
Need FELL; human society and the animal world of difference is whether the ethical order, Confucian ideal is to be merged into one world.
Human equality; every person has the right to live happy, happy development, warrior ideal is to achieve universal brotherhood.
Love others as yourself; concern sufferings of others, to help others live, is the ideal benevolent relief of the poor and needy, solve problems.
2. Looking back on history and society in
Jagged past
Yesterday, bitterly painful human characteristics.
Drums sound millennium beacon burning Five Continents. Bow and shoot each other, brandished a knife and stroke death.
Now Yan Liang
Today, humanity can not be optimistic.
Resources, the environment is getting worse, survival, development is faced with enormous challenges. Complex ethnic and class conflict, religion, law, ethics, customs, and cultural differences gradually expanding.
The future of the peace
The future of humanity irresistible.
The development of culture and education, conduct scientific research activities, can fundamentally promote the progress of the world. Human and political democratization, economic and scientific and cultural liberalization inevitably contributed to the world of real peace.
3. Learning theory, to grasp the system
Road (abstract speculative)
Manager (historical logic)
Method (systematic and comprehensive)
Surgery (for convenience *)
Road: Heaven Hop, Object and the Subject.
Environment: human survival and development of the environment arena. Natural environment, social environment, physical environment, psychological environment are important.
Climate: the body's physiological activity to be affected by climate, it is common sense. Human psychology, ethical behavior is also affected by climate around, though difficult to understand, but it is a fact.
Location: flat, dry, clean, bright.
Individual practice, the two square enough. The so-called punch wau-land.
Group practice, three square meters per capita can be.
Room teaching, should choose suitable shed about five meters high.
Outdoor teaching, surrounded by trees and flowers the best.
Clothing: spacious, comfortable, breathable, absorb sweat.
Equipment: varies according to local capabilities.
Prey: Nutrition can not be ignored. First, the energy to balance. Second, the elements to complete. It should be noted once again, supply must be promptly and fully.
Reasons: ideological emancipation, emotional communication.
Fan Education: law practice, sequential learning. Fist fight is the foundation. First fixed potential, even after the situation.
Etiquette: respect for teachers righteousness, calm. Kindness is the key. To learn boxing, will be reasonable.
Self-study: master lead the way to the front of their own issue not join also in vain. Rare opportunity see the path, my heart diligent in Dawu. Subjective efforts are necessary factors. Only an active, practicing to be successful.
Assistant Coach: Road, financial, and companion, to cause the four, the most precious companion. High Mountain and Flowing easily * Hard to Find Concert comrades. Successful learning mentor's help is a necessary condition for the Chinese martial arts.
Method: physical and mental coordination, integration and spirit.
Meditation: input, assimilation.
Focus all our attention to the cultivation activities. Difficult in all sorts generally distracting thoughts. The solution is simple, life practice and the practice of daily life. As long as the sense of balance in, as long as the treat life as long as the appreciation of the world, we constantly static. Respiratory situation changes, diet and water easily. Usually contain secret, a quiet Apartments million move. Down to fame, has realized the true meaning. Ma independence from, free me know.
Warm-up: adaptation and preparation.
Cultivation activities require a high degree of mental and physical coordination. To practice, our body can not start to peak condition, but gradually began to rise after a period of time in place. This process is called the warm-up. This phenomenon is due to the human body are the nervous system regulating all activities to achieve the reflection; central excitability enhancement, excitement impulse conduction along the reflex pathway, the function of various organs to mobilize all take time. In other words, human activities from the beginning to play the maximum exercise capacity is a process. From another perspective, warm-up is to overcome the physical inertia of the process. We must bear in mind first of all carrying small loads for some time, you can help us later in the official practice. Because the warm-up activities will enable us to gradually enter the state, so to avoid a lot of hurt and frustration. The length of warm-up process speed of individual difference. Warm-up exercise generally lower than the official practice. Warm-up can make the process of growth metabolism, to a general increase in nerve, muscle and other tissue in the excitability of the blood vessel expansion, muscle viscosity decreased, increased muscle contraction and relaxation rate, increased tendon, ligament stretching and flexibility. Content is generally warm-up walking, jogging and other activities. Warm-up standard is slightly sweated without asthma. The total cultivation time is usually half the time.
Regulating Qi: transfer gas is finishing activities.
Repose: a very important and difficult to master. In short, called psychological adjustment. Repose is started martial arts, but also studies methods. Repose is not simply individual behavior. Repose need certain cultural training, social environment.
Respiratory: Nature. Not much ado about nothing, and does not make claims, not blindly imitate, not arbitrary.
Fell to the ground: This is the entry level of technology. Easy, safe, smooth, fast action required to complete lying on the ground often repeated practice. Coordination is the premise of safety. Points lying on the ground is a buffer.
Fight: bear fight that we must have the ability.
We should be gradual, persistent efforts to improve combat capability. On the one hand and physical force against the other, and skills related.
There are many ways to combat training. We recommend that you use according to their own work situation. Introduction to general practice should begin self-massage, a gradual transition to instruments tapping, squeezing by each other. Fight Training Essentials is a free elastic.
Induction: a sense of things moving, things should be natural.
【About the Olympic Games become a martial arts project】
Have been identified as the Beijing Olympic Games Wushu ad hoc projects will be decided at a total of seven medals, including Martial Arts 5, Sparring each one. But this seven Olympic gold medals will not take up places at the same time is not included in the final medal table. But access to martial arts champion athletes, will enjoy equal treatment Olympic champion, and received the gold medal will also be included in the 11 Games in 2009, plus cards in the.
Although not an official Olympic sport, but in view of Chinese martial arts in the eyes of the special status of people's concern on this project, better than anything else bad.
Martial arts _set_ up 15 gold medals
It is understood that a special Olympic martial arts exhibition, a total of 10 gold medals _set_ routine of men and women, men and women Sanshou five gold medals. Competition for specific projects, the routine: men Changquan, Nanquan Nangun all-around man, all-around men's tai chi tai chi sword, sword and stick man, the Almighty, all-around men's spear fencing, women's changquan, women's all-around knife blows south, Women's Tai Chi Chuan Tai Chi Sword Dance, Women's knife and stick the Almighty, all-around women's spear fencing. Boxing: Men's 56kg, men's 70 kg class, men's 85kg, women's 52kg, women's 60 kg class.
37 Chinese athletes participating
Olympic athletes who enjoy participating treatment
Although the Olympics martial arts martial arts heroes, not the Olympic Games as athletes, but in order to meet the arrival of the delegation of martial arts around the world, the Olympic Village opened for them in particular areas, accommodation and living to enjoy the same treatment with Olympic players. 18, the Chinese Wushu delegation has officially admitted the Olympic Village. And because martial arts display program to use a variety of weapons, afraid of hurting the audience, for security reasons, all "weapons" If we want into the stadium, are very easy to get to the Olympic Organizing Committee, the Ministry of Culture to declare at every level, through the unified security can be successfully admission. For the "weapons" in order not to hurt the site, also use a wood products, such as the wooden knife, Mujian so.
Film
Director: Antony
Starring: Sammo Hung
Mao Junjie
Wu Ma
Producer: Jackie Chan
Country: Mainland
Release Date: May 1, 2008
Behind the scenes:
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