道家类收录古代道家及道教的书，如《老子注》、《周易参同契》等。
先秦时期的一个思想派别，以老子、庄子为主要代表。道家的思想崇尚自然，有辩证法的因素和无神论的倾向，同时主张清静无为，反对斗争。
道家历史起源
道家思想的核心是“道”，认为“道”，是宇宙的本源，也是统治宇宙中一切运动的法则。老子曾在他的著作中说：“有物混成，先天地生。萧呵！寥呵！独立而不改，可以为天地母。吾未知其名，强名之曰道”（《老子》第25章）
"太史公"司马迁的父亲西汉太史令司马谈曾写过名为《论六家要旨》一文，把先秦学派概括为道、儒、墨、名、法、阴阳六家，并阐述了六家要旨和得失。他说：“道家使人精神专一，动合无形，赡足万物。其为术也，因阴阳之大顺，采儒墨之善，撮名法之要，与时迁移，应物变化，立俗施事，无所不宜，指约而易采，事少而功多。”“其术以虚无为本，以因循为用。无成埶，无常形，故能究万物之情。不为物先，不为物后，故能为万物主。”
西汉初年，汉文帝、汉景帝以道家思想治国，使人民从秦朝苛政中得以休养生息。历史称之为文景之治。 其后，儒家学者董仲舒向汉武帝提倡“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”的政策，并被后世帝王采纳。道家从此成为非主流思想。 虽然道家并未被官方采纳，但继续在中国古代思想的发展中扮演重要角色。魏晋玄学，宋明理学都揉合了道家思想发展而成。佛教传入中国后，也受到了道家的影响，禅宗在诸多方面受到了庄子的启发。 道家在先秦各学派中，虽然没有儒家和墨家这么多的门徒，地位也不如儒家崇高。但随着历史的发展，道家思想以其独特的宇宙、社会和人生领悟，在哲学思想上呈现出永恒的价值与生命力。
道家思想后来被张鲁的五斗米道等宗教吸收，并演变成中国的重要宗教之一——道教。魏晋风流在清谈玄学时更着重炼丹。因此，道家与道教常被人混淆。(张鲁，又称张道陵，“五斗米道”的创立者，也被认为是道教的创始者）。
道家基本观点
道家哲学首先摆脱儒家社会哲学的进路，直接从天道运行的原理侧面切入，开展了以自然义、中性义为主的"道"的哲学。天道运行有其自然而然的原理在，道的哲学即在解明此一原理性内涵，而得以提出一个活泼自在的世界空间。透过对此一世界运行秩序之无定限、无执着的认识，道家哲学发展出迥然不同于儒家的社会哲学，社会只是一方存在的客体，在其中生存的人们，应有其独立自存的自由性，而不受任何意识型态的束缚。基本上道家哲学并不否定儒家的社会理想，但对于社会责任的态度并不先存立场，而能有更尊重人类自主性的态度与存在定位。
道家重视人性的自由与解放。解放 一方面是人的知识能力的解放，另方面是人的生活心境的解放，前者提出了“为学日益、为道日损”、“此亦一是非彼亦一是非”的认识原理，后者提出了“谦”、“弱”、“柔”、“心斋”、“ 坐忘”、“化蝶”等的生活功夫来面对世界。 道家讲究“人天合一”、“人天相应”、“ 为而不争、利而不害”，“修之于身，其德乃真”， "虚心实腹"、“乘天地之正，而御六气之辩，以游无穷”， "法于阴阳，以朴应冗，以简应繁。" 等等。
有学者认为，道家的社会哲学不是进取的，积极的，因为社会只是天道的过程，而不是目的本身。道家认为儒家的社会理想是合理的，但不是绝对的，因此基本上并不需要提出一套决定性的社会理想，因为天道变化，本身无所谓绝对的是非善恶之性能，因而道家强调得更多的是在社会中生存的智慧原理，而且这种智慧必须是能应在任何历史情境的社会之中都行之有效的生存之道。也就因为道家的社会哲学不以自己发展规格为主，而强调应对的智慧，因此利于人们休养生息的需求，故而让汉初的黄老之治有了实验的理论基础。同时也安定了千百年来中国士大夫失意于儒家本位的官场文化之后，也能有一广大的心性世界以顺遂人生。
道家的哲学思想
重要哲学家之思想
道家的理论奠定于老子，老子《道德经》一书上下五千言，字字珠玑，书中广论道的形上学义、人生智慧义，提出一种有物混成且独立自存之自然宇宙起源论，也提出世界存在与运行原理是"反者道之动"的本体论思想，对于存活于其中的人类而言，其应学习的就是处世的智慧，于是老子也提出了众多的政治、社会与人生哲学观点出来，但重点都在保身修身而不在文明的开创，可以说他是以一套宗本于智慧之道的社会哲学与理论来应对混乱的世局，而无意制造社会的新气象，因为那些都不是大道之本。
庄子是老子之后道家理论最重要开创者，道家哲学基本上也就是老庄二型而已。庄子的道家学不同于老学之处，在于庄子更详尽地处理了人与自然的关系、人的可开创能力，包括智慧上、认识能力上、身体能量上等等。庄子同样站在天道自然的命题基础上，提出了从人的自我修养到面对整个社会国家的处世之道，庄子书内七篇之作，就是他从世界观到知识论到工夫论到社会哲学的内圣外王之道的理论。
列子，战国时人。现存有的《列子》八篇 是东晋张湛所辑 一般认为该书反映了战国至魏晋间的思想。《列子》从道家思想出发并对道家思想中无为的人生观有所改造 强调人在自然天地间的积极作用 并认为人在一种不任强使力的生存状态下，不忧天 不畏天 才是最好的生存状态。
王弼，三国时代人。当两汉经学的发展已到尾声，社会政治一直在动乱与不义的情境中，知识份子转向玄学清谈的风气，王弼以其对老子哲学的深切体悟，注解老子《道德经》一书，重体用之分 有无之别不但发展出诠释老学的宗旨："贵无"的精神，并以此原理注解《易经》，甚至还因此改变了从汉易以来言象数易学的气化宇宙论而将易经的研究方向代之以纯粹玄学思想 使中国易学史走向一个崭新的局面。
郭象，西晋人，以《庄子注》闻名，主张“独化”理论 是一种从高度抽象思维当中所发展出来的的玄学式概念理论 认为宇宙万物都生于偶然的"玄冥"境界 因此提倡一种物无大小 各顺其适之精神，平等尊重每一个生命的人生观。
道家发展时期
有学者认为，道家起源应为远古的隐士传统，当然也有学者说老子是清庙之守，总之，道家的起源绝不是社会政治的积极参与者，他们从旁观察世局，认真思索宇宙的真象，使用着抽象度高且不带意识型态的执着的语言，描述天道与人事变化的法则，属于原理性研究的层次是他们的专长。当先秦的老庄二子总摄整理了道家思想的纲领之后，道家形上思想的深度立刻影响了儒家与法家的形上思想，儒家《易传》之作与韩非子《解老》之作都是在其理论基础上建立起来的新说。但是在社会政治的实际影响力上，老子之学要到汉初黄老之治的实施后才正式被试验着，因为在迭经春秋、战国、灭秦、楚汉之争之社会战乱终告停止之时，人们终于发现争强斗争的害处以及休养生息的重要，于是老学原理的政治哲学观点遂被重视。等到西汉强盛，君王开始好大喜功，争战的岁月再度启幕，时代的风气再度转变，然后也再度败坏，等到魏晋清谈之风起，道家哲学又开始了它的生命力，何晏、王弼首开其风，王弼更以简洁有力的注经之作，从理论上深入道家之学并予以阐发，而向秀、郭象则发展庄学的注释工作。魏晋之后，道家思想并未有鲜明的创造传统之再现，但是道家思想的理路却转为道教、易学与儒学理论的开创所藉用的重要启示，尤其是源自庄子的气化宇宙观，更被广泛且深度地再开发着。而同一时期的佛学传播，亦曾有一断相当长的时间是以道家“无”的智慧原理来表达的，此即世称“格义佛学 ”时期。
道家对中国文化的贡献
道家对中国文化的贡献是与儒家同等重要，只是在政治思想上一为表显一为裹藏之别而已。而道家在理论能力上的深厚度与辩证性，则为中国哲学思想中所有其它传统提供了创造力的泉源。至于道家文化在中国艺术、绘画、文学、雕刻等各方面的影响，则是占据绝对性的优势主导地位，即使说中国艺术的表现即为道家艺术的表现亦不为过。当然，道家哲学对中国政治活动也提供了活络的空间，使得中国知识份子不会因着有太强的儒家本位的政治理想而执着于官场的追逐与性命的投入，而能更轻松地发现进退之道，理解出入之间的智慧。
对道家的理解
道可道非常道，名可名非常名。
这两句话是老子最高深的思想，但其实也是最浅显的道理。
其实两句话是一个意思。
实际拆分，应该是：道，可道，非常道。也可以拆成：道可，道非，常道。意思很简单，但也非常多，就像怪石大山一样，不同的人看到的也不一样。没有定论，这就是道德经最玄妙最高深的地方，其实也是这句话的意思。
道，天地之道。可道，人人皆可得道。非常道，但世间之道皆非永恒之道。（有的版本为非恒道）合起来就是：天地之道，实际乃是人人皆可得之道，但世间万物，道道道，皆非恒道。还不够白？那就在白一些吧！
白丁翻译文：天王老子制定的规则，实际没有那么复杂，人人只要用心观察周围，热爱生活、享受生活，就能悟出这个“玄而又玄”的道。但是不要忘记，世界上所有道，都不是永恒的，所有事物都有生，自然也有死。老子的这本道德经也不是真理的化身，早晚也会被推翻取代。而实际上，这种世间无恒道的道理，就是天地万物之道。
道可，道非，常道，其实也大致是这个道理。
道可，道可以左右天地万物。
道非，但是再大的道也有被推翻、被打倒的时候。
常道，世间唯一的常道就是此道，万物皆有始有终。
这两种拆法的意思都是一样的，其实你可以试试，把这六个字，不管用什么方法拆，意思都是一样的，这也精妙的应扣了道家万物循环、太极常转的中心思想。这就是老子的最大智慧。
呵呵，其实老子的根本思想就是自我、平常、和谐和循环。
只要你快快乐乐、平平安安、看透自我、包容他人。
你就已经可以算是老子的弟子啦！
道家创始人介绍
. 老子，根据《史记》的记载，姓李，名耳，谥曰聃，字伯阳，楚国苦县（今涡阳县）人。约生活于前571年至471年之间，曾做过周朝的守藏史。老子是我国人民熟知的一位古代伟大思想家，他所撰述的《道德经》开创了我国古代哲学思想的先河。他的哲学思想和由他创立的道家学派，不但对我国古代思想文化的发展，作出了重要贡献，而且对我国2000多年来思想文化的发展，产生了深远的影响。
老子降生
公元前576年夏六月，宋国国君共公去世，右师华元执掌国政。以左师鱼石为首的桓氏宗族久有谋政之心，无奈共公在位，不得其手。今见共公去世，欲乘机起事。由于谋事不密，走漏风声，被以华元为首的戴氏宗族逐出宋国。此后，即任向戎为左师、老佐为司马、乐裔为司寇；立新君，这就是宋平公。
鱼石率桓氏宗族一行二百余人逃往楚国，客居楚国三年。公元前573年夏六月，楚国起兵伐宋，攻克宋国的彭城（今江苏徐州），封鱼石、鱼府守城，并留下三百乘战车协助镇守。
宋平王为此召朝臣议事，问道：“敌强我弱，楚兵侵占彭城，是我心腹！如坐视不理，后患无穷！谁愿为我拔此要塞？”话音刚落，班中走出一人道：“愚臣愿往！”平王一看，只见此人身高丈二，浓眉大眼，阔腮宽肩，威武雄健，原来是司马老佐。华元表示忧虑，对平王说：“鱼石狡诈，鱼府凶残，彭城盘踞着楚国战车三百、守卒三千，力量很强。司马虽艺高胆大、刚健勇猛，恐难必胜。”老佐据理说道：“鱼石，蛀书之虫也；鱼府，缚鸡之犬也。有何惧哉！老佐愿携家小以围彭城，城不克臣不归！”平王允诺。遣老佐为上将军，率二万人马去收复彭城。
话说宋国围住彭城，日夜攻打。老佐英勇威武，身先士卒，使得宋军士气大振，不到半月，彭城守军便危在旦夕。一日，鱼石、鱼府在城上督战，见宋军人多如蚁，个个奋勇，架梯登城，人人争先；又见一员大将银盔银甲、金戈白马，驰骋于疆场之上，调兵遣将。一楚将问道：“这位宋将是谁？”鱼石答道：“是新任司马、围兵主将老佐。”楚将纷纷议论说：“攻城主将，不在军后观敌了阵，却突于军前左驰右骋，怎能不鼓舞士气！如此看来，彭城太危险了！”但鱼石是个有心计的人，他又对部下说：“事将成而败，事将败而成，历史上有不少例子，怎知我军必败？老佐英勇雄武，身先士卒，这是他成功之本；刚愎自用，目中无人，这又是他失败之根。又怎知他的军队必胜？”楚将问：“左师好像成竹在胸，有什么好计策？”鱼石回答说：“两军相对，帅在前还是在后，要见机行事。现在宋兵攻城，主将突出在前，冒着箭矢而驰骋，这是兵家的大忌呀！我有一条小计，如果照计行事，宋军成败，还很难说。”
原来鱼石是让部下放暗箭，射杀老佐，老佐正在军前督战，忽然飞来一箭，入胸五寸。不幸坠马身亡。宋军群龙无首，溃不成军，四散逃窜。
老佐眷属正处宋营军帐中，有侍女、十数家将、数十侍卫。忽闻老佐阵亡，又见溃军如潮涌来，众家将急忙驾车，保老夫人奔逃。且战且逃，至傍晚，追兵虽已不见，但老夫人身旁仅剩下两名侍女、一位驾车家将了。家将不敢稍停，披星戴月，摸黑前行，慌不择路，沿西南方向奔去。第二日天明时分，来到一个偏僻村庄，向村民问去宋都之路，均摇头说不知。家将只知应向西行，岂知早已偏南。一行四人绕小道，行程七日，仍不见宋都，却来到了陈国相邑（今河南鹿邑东）。正行之时，老夫人突觉腹中疼痛。原来老夫人已有七月身孕，老佐为践君前诺言，以必胜之心携眷出征。此时兵败,老夫人又有丧夫之悲，亡命他国，心中焦虑，身体疲劳，以至腹中胎动，疼痛难忍。侍女惊慌无措，家将忙停车于路旁，奔至村中寻一老妇前来。不过几刻时光，只听篷车之内响起“哇哇”哭声，一个早产男婴出世，这便是老佐之子──老子。老子降生，体弱而头大，眉宽而耳阔，目如深渊珠清澈，鼻含双梁中如辙。因其双耳长大，故起名为“聃”；因其出生于庚寅虎年（公元前571年)，亲邻们又呼之曰小狸儿，即“小老虎”之意。因江淮间人们把“猫”唤作“狸儿”，音同“李耳”。久而久之，老聃小名“狸儿”便成为大名“李耳 ”一代一代传下来了。
接生老妇见母子可怜，让一行五口住进自己家中。老丈以开药店为生，陈姓，人称陈老爹，所以都称老妇为陈妈妈。陈妈妈膝下无儿无女，为人厚道热情，让出三间西厢房，留老夫人一家居住。老夫人在危难之际，遇此善良之人，心中感激不尽；虽说战乱中颠沛流离，毕竟出于大户人家，随身携带细软尚够度日。加之家将常帮陈老爹营生，二位侍女料理家务，老幼五口，日子过得也还滋润。从此，宋国战将老佐的妻儿便在陈国住了下来。
聪颖少年
老聃自幼聪慧，静思好学，常缠着家将要听国家兴衰、战争成败、祭祀占卜、观星测象之事。老夫人望子成龙，请一精通殷商礼乐的商容老先生教授。商容通天文地理，博古今礼仪，深受老聃一家敬重。
一日，商容教授道：“天地之间人为贵，众人之中王为本。”老聃问道：“天为何物？”先生道：“天者，在上之清清者也。”老聃又问：“清清者又是何物？”先生道；“清清者，太空是也。”“太空之上，又是何物？”先生道：“太空之上，清之清者也。”“之上又是何物？”“清之清者之上，更为清清之清者也。”老聃又问。“清者穷尽处为何物？”先生道：“先贤未传，古籍未载，愚师不敢妄言。”夜晚，老聃以其疑惑问其母，母不能答；问家将，家将不能言。于是仰头观日月星辰，低首思天上之天为何物，彻夜不能寐。
又一日，商老先生教授道：“六合之中，天地人物存焉。天有天道，地有地理，人有人伦，物有物性、有天道，故日月星辰可行也；有地理，故山川江海可成也；有人伦，故尊卑长幼可分也。有物性，故长短坚脆可别也。”老聃问道：“日月星辰，何人推而行之？山川江海，何人造而成之？尊卑长幼，何人定而分之？长短坚脆，何人划而别之？”先生道：“皆神所为也。”老聃问道。“神何以可为也？”先生道：“神有变化之能。造物之功，故可为也。”老聃问：“神之能何由而来？神之功何时而备？”先生道：“先师未传，古籍未载，愚师不敢妄言。”夜晚，老聃以其疑惑问其母，母不能答。问家将，家将不能言。于是视物而思，触物而类，三日不知饭味。
又一日，商先生教授道：“君者，代天理世者也；民者，君之所御者也。君不行天意则废，民不顺君牧则罪，此乃治国之道也。”老聃问道：“民生非为君也，不顺君牧则其理可解。君生乃天之意也，君背天意是何道理？”先生道：“神遣君代天理世。君生则如将在外也；将在外则君命有所不受。君出世则天意有所不领。”老聃问道：“神有变化之能，造物之功，何以不造听命之君乎？”先生道：“先圣未传，古籍未载，愚师不敢妄言。”夜晚，老聃以其疑惑问其母，母不能答；问家将，家将不能言。于是求教相邑之士，踏遍相邑之土，遇雨不知湿，迎风不觉吹。
一日，商老先生教授道：“天下之事，和为贵。失和则交兵，交兵则相残，相残则两伤，两伤则有害而无益。故与人利则利己，与人祸则祸己。”老聃问道：“天下失和，百姓之大害也，君何以不治？”先生道：“民争，乃失小和也；失小和则得小祸，然而君可以治也。国争，乃失大和也；失大和则得大祸，大祸者，君之过也，何以自治？”老聃问：“君不可自治，神何以不治？”先生道：“先哲未传，古籍未载，愚师不敢妄言。”夜晚，老聃以其疑惑问其母，母不能答；问家将，家将不能言。于是，遍访相邑之士，遍读相邑之书，遇暑不知暑，遇寒不知寒。
入周求学
商老先生教授三年，来向老夫人辞行道：“老夫识浅，聃儿思敏，三年而老夫之学授??
今来辞行，非老夫教授无终也，非聃儿学之不勤也。实乃老夫之学有尽。聃儿求之无穷，以有尽供无穷，不亦困乎？聃儿，志远图宏之童也；相邑，偏僻闭塞之地也。若欲剔璞而为玉，需入周都而求深造。
周都，典籍如海，贤士如云，天下之圣地也，非入其内而难以成大器。“老夫人闻听此言，心中犯难：一乃聃儿年方十三，宋都尚且难返，去周都岂不如登九天？二乃老氏只留此根，怎放心他孤身独行？正犹豫不知怎么回答，不料先生已猜知其为难处，忙说：“以实相告，老夫师兄为周太学博士，学识渊博，心胸旷达，爱才敬贤，以树人为生，以助贤为乐，以荐贤为任。家养神童数位，皆由民间选来。不要衣食供给，待之如亲生子女。
博士闻老夫言，知聃儿好学善思，聪慧超常，久愿一见。近日有家仆数人路经此地，特致书老夫，意欲带聃儿去周。此乃千载难逢之良机，务望珍惜！”老夫人听后，不禁悲喜交集。喜先生保荐，使聃儿有缘入周，登龙门有路；悲母子分别，何日能见？思至此，好似聃儿已在千里之外，不觉心酸难抑，潸然泪下。老聃扑人母亲怀中，泣言道：“母亲勿须伤心，聃儿决不负老师厚望，待我业成功就，定然早日来接母亲！”说罢，母子二人相抱而泣。
哭之良久，母子二人转而为喜，拜谢先生举荐之恩。三天后，全家与商老先生送老聃至五里之外。老聃一一跪拜，上马随博士家仆西行而去。老夫人遥望聃儿身影远去，方才郁郁入车，闷闷返回。”
老聃入周，拜见博士，入太学，天文、地理、人伦，无所不学，《诗》《书》《易》《历》《礼》《乐》无所不览，文物、典章、史书无所不习，三年而大有长进。博士又荐其入守藏室为吏。守藏室是周朝典籍收藏之所，集天下之文，收天下之书，汗牛充栋，无所不有。老聃处其中，如蛟龙游入大海，海阔凭龙跃；如雄鹰展翅蓝天，天高任鸟飞。老聃如饥似渴，博览泛观，渐臻佳境，通礼乐之源，明道德之旨，三年后又迁任守藏室史，名闻遐迩，声播海内。
教授孔丘
老聃居周日久，学问日深，声名日响。春秋时称学识渊博者为“子”，以示尊敬，因此，人们皆称老聃为“老子”。
公元前538年的一天，孔子对弟子南宫敬叔说：“周之守藏室史老聃，博古通今，知礼乐之源，明道德之要。今吾欲去周求教，汝愿同去否？”南宫敬叔欣然同意，随即报请鲁君。鲁君准行。遣一车二马一童一御，由南宫敬叔陪孔子前往。老子见孔丘千里迢迢而来，非常高兴，教授之后，又引孔丘访大夫苌弘。苌弘善乐，授孔丘乐律、乐理；引孔丘观祭神之典，考宣教之地，察庙会礼仪，使孔丘感叹不已，获益不浅。逗留数日。孔丘向老子辞行。老聃送至馆舍之外，赠言道：“吾闻之，富贵者送人以财，仁义者送人以言。吾不富不贵，无财以送汝；愿以数言相送。当今之世，聪明而深察者，其所以遇难而几至于死，在于好讥人之非也；善辩而通达者，其所以招祸而屡至于身，在于好扬人之恶也。为人之子，勿以己为高；为人之臣，勿以己为上，望汝切记。”孔丘顿首道：“弟子一定谨记在心！”
行至黄河之滨，见河水滔滔，浊浪翻滚，其势如万马奔腾，其声如虎吼雷鸣。孔丘伫立岸边，不觉叹曰：“逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜！黄河之水奔腾不息，人之年华流逝不止，河水不知何处去，人生不知何处归？”闻孔丘此语，老子道：“人生天地之间，乃与天地一体也。天地，自然之物也；人生，亦自然之物；人有幼、少、壮、老之变化，犹如天地有春、夏、秋、冬之交替，有何悲乎？生于自然，死于自然，任其自然，则本性不乱；不任自然，奔忙于仁义之间，则本性羁绊。功名存于心，则焦虑之情生；利欲留于心，则烦恼之情增。”孔丘解释道：“吾乃忧大道不行，仁义不施，战乱不止，国乱不治也，故有人生短暂，不能有功于世、不能有为于民之感叹矣 ”
老子道：“天地无人推而自行，日月无人燃而自明，星辰无人列而自序，禽兽无人造而自生，此乃自然为之也，何劳人为乎？人之所以生、所以无、所以荣、所以辱，皆有自然之理、自然之道也。顺自然之理而趋，遵自然之道而行，国则自治，人则自正，何须津津于礼乐而倡仁义哉？津津于礼乐而倡仁义，则违人之本性远矣！犹如人击鼓寻求逃跑之人，击之愈响，则人逃跑得愈远矣！”
稍停片刻，老子手指浩浩黄河，对孔丘说：“汝何不学水之大德欤？”孔丘曰：“水有何德？”老子说：“上善若水：水善利万物而不争，处众人之所恶，此乃谦下之德也；故江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之，则能为百谷王。天下莫柔弱于水，而攻坚强者莫之能胜，此乃柔德也；故柔之胜刚，弱之胜强坚。因其无有，故能入于无间，由此可知不言之教、无为之益也。”孔丘闻言，恍然大悟道：“先生此言，使我顿开茅塞也：众人处上，水独处下；众人处易，水独处险；众人处洁，水独处秽。所处尽人之所恶，夫谁与之争乎？此所以为上善也。”老子点头说：“汝可教也！汝可切记：与世无争，则天下无人能与之争，此乃效法水德也。水几于道：道无所不在，水无所不利，避高趋下，未尝有所逆，善处地也；空处湛静，深不可测。善为渊也；损而不竭，施不求报，善为仁也；圜必旋，方必折，塞必止，决必流，善守信也；洗涤群秽，平准高下，善治物也；以载则浮，以鉴则清，以攻则坚强莫能敌，善用能也；不舍昼夜，盈科后进，善待时也。故圣者随时而行，贤者应事而变；智者无为而治，达者顺天而生。汝此去后，应去骄气于言表，除志欲于容貌。否则，人未至而声已闻，体未至而风已动，张张扬扬，如虎行于大街，谁敢用你？”孔丘道：”先生之言，出自肺腑而入弟子之心脾，弟子受益匪浅，终生难忘。弟子将遵奉不怠，以谢先生之恩。”说完，告别老子，与南宫敬叔上车，依依不舍地向鲁国驶去。
回到鲁国，众弟子问道：“先生拜访老子，可得见乎？”孔子道：“见之！”弟子问。“老子何样？”孔子道：“鸟，我知它能飞；鱼，吾知它能游；兽，我知它能走。走者可用网缚之，游者可用钩钓之，飞者可用箭取之，至于龙，吾不知其何以？龙乘风云而上九天也！吾所见老子也，其犹龙乎？学识渊深而莫测，志趣高邈而难知；如蛇之随时屈伸，如龙之应时变化。老聃，真吾师也！＇”
高论生死
话说老聃任周守藏室史，数次归家省亲，欲劝母亲随之去周；其母在陈国相邑住久，人熟地熟，不愿远迁。日月如梭，光阴荏苒，转眼间已过三十余年。一日，老聃忽得家讯，言家母病危，于是报请天子，归家省视。待回到家时，母已辞世。面对茫茫大地上一堆黄土，思想九泉之下母亲之灵，回忆母亲慈祥容貌、养育之恩，老聃悲痛欲绝，寝食俱废，席地而坐，沉思冥想，忽发自己愚钝；顺理追索，恍然大悟，如释重负，愁苦消解，顿觉腹饥体倦。于是饱餐一顿，倒头大睡。
家将、侍女皆感奇怪，待其醒来，问其缘故。老聃答道：“人生于世，有情有智。有情，故人伦谐和而相温相暖；有智，故明理通达而理事不乱。情者，智之附也；智者，情之主也。以情通智，则人昏庸而事颠倒；以智统情，则人聪慧而事合度。母亲生聃，恩重如山。今母辞聃而去，聃之情难断。情难断，人之常情也。难断而不以智统，则乱矣，故悲而不欲生。今聃端坐而沉思，忽然智来，以智统情，故情可节制而事可调理也。情得以制，事得以理，于是腹中饥而欲食，体滋倦而欲睡。 ”
家将问道：“智何以统情？”
“人之生，皆由无而至有也；由无至有，必由有而返无也。无聃之母及聃之时，无母子之情也；有聃之母及聃，始有母子之情也；母去聃留，母已无情而子独有情也；母聃皆无之时，则于情亦无也。人情未有之时与人情返无之后不亦无别乎？无别而沉溺于情、悲不欲生，不亦愚乎？故骨肉之情难断矣，人皆如此，合于情也；难断而不制，则背自然之理也。背自然之理则愚矣！聃思至此，故食欲损而睡可眠矣。”众人闻之，心皆豁然旷达。
函谷著书
周敬王二年（公元前518年），老聃守丧期满返周。周敬王四年（公元前5l6年），周王室发生内乱，王子朝率兵攻下刘公之邑。周敬王受迫。当时晋国强盛，出兵救援周敬王。王子朝势孤，与旧僚携周王室典籍逃亡楚国。老聃蒙受失职之责，受牵连而辞旧职。于是离宫归隐，骑一青牛，欲出函谷关，西游秦国。
离开周王朝洛邑不远，但见四野一片荒凉。断垣颓壁，井栏摧折，阡陌错断，田园荒芜，枯草瑟瑟。田野里不见耕种之马，大道上却战马奔驰不息，有的马还拖着大肚子艰难地尾追其后。目睹此景，老聃心如刀绞，内心想道：“夫兵者，不祥之器也，非君子之器。不得已而用之，适可而止，恬淡为上。胜而不必自美，自美者乃乐杀人也。夫乐杀人者，不可以得志于天下矣！以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下。兵之所处，荆棘生焉；大兵之后，必有凶年。天下有道，却走马以粪；天下无道，则戎马生于郊。戎马生于郊，则国乱家破矣。”
话说函谷关守关官员关尹，少时即好观天文、爱读古籍，修养深厚。一日夜晚，独立楼观之上凝视星空，忽见东方紫云聚集，其长三万里，形如飞龙，由东向西滚滚而来，自语道：“紫气东来三万里，圣人西行经此地。青牛缓缓载老翁，藏形匿迹混元气。”关尹早闻老聃大名，心想莫非是老子将来？于是派人清扫道路四十里，夹道焚香，以迎圣人。
七月十二日午后，夕阳西斜，光华东射。关尹正欲下关查看，忽见关下稀落行人中有一老者，倒骑青牛而来。老者白发如雪，其眉垂鬓，其耳垂肩，其须垂膝，红颜素袍，简朴洁净。关尹仰天而叹道：“我生有幸。得见圣人！”三步并作两步，奔上前去，跪于青牛前拜道：“关尹叩见圣人 ”
老子见叩拜之人方脸、厚唇、浓眉、端鼻，威严而不冷酷，柔慈而无媚态，早知非一般常人，故意试探道：“关令大人叩拜贫贱老翁，非常之礼也！老夫不敢承当，不知有何见教？”关尹道：“老丈，圣人也！务求留宿关舍以指修行之途。”老子道：“老夫有何神圣之处，受你如此厚爱？惭愧惭愧，羞杀老夫矣？”关尹道：“ 关尹不才；好观天文略知变化。见紫气东来，知有圣人西行，见紫气浩荡，滚滚如龙，其长三万里。知来者至圣至尊，非通常之圣也；见紫气之首白云缭绕，知圣人白发，是老翁之状；见紫气之前有青牛星相牵，知圣人乘青牛而来也。”
老子听罢，哈哈大笑：“过奖、过奖！老夫亦早闻你大名，特来拜会。”关尹闻言大喜，叩头不迭。之后，关尹引老子至官舍，请老子上坐，焚香而行弟子之礼，恳求道：“先生乃当今大圣人也！圣人者，不以一己之智窃为己有，必以天下人智为己任也。今汝将隐居而不仁，求教者必难寻矣！何不将汝之圣智著为书？关尹虽浅陋，愿代先生传于后世，流芳千古，造福万代。”
老聃允诺，以王朝兴衰成败、百姓安危祸福为鉴，溯其源，著上、下两篇，共五千言。上篇起首为“道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名”，故人称《道经》。下篇起首为“上德不德，是以有德；下德不失德，是以无德”，故人称为《德经》，合称《道德经》。《道经》言宇宙本根，含天地变化之机，蕴阴阳变幻之妙；下篇《德经》，言处世之方，含人事进退之术，蕴长生久视之道。关尹得之，如获至宝，终日默诵，如饥似渴。
《道德经》全文http://www.guoxue.com/zibu/zibu_zhuziml/laozi.htm
点化阳子居
一日，老聃骑牛行至梁（今河南开封）之郊外，正闭目养神，忽闻有人大呼“先生”。老聃闻声，睁开双目，发现是弟子阳子居。
阳子居，魏国人，入周太学，闻老子渊博，曾私拜老子为师。没想到在梁会与老子相遇，阳子居慌忙从高头大马上翻身而下，掀起锦绿长袍，跪拜于老聃所乘青牛前。老聃下来，扶起阳子居，与之相并同行。
老聃问道：“弟子近来忙于何事？”
阳子居施礼道：“来此访先祖居，购置房产，修饰梁栋，招聘仆役，整治家规。”
老聃道：“有卧身之地、饮食之处则足矣，何需如此张扬？”
阳子居道：“先生修身，坐需寂静，行需松弛，饮需素清，卧需安宁，非有深宅独户，何以能如此？置深宅独户，不招仆役，不备用具，何以能撑之？招聘仆役，置备用具，不立家规，何以能治之？”
老聃笑道：“大道自然，何须强自静。行无求而自松，饮无奢而自清，卧无欲而自宁。修身何需深宅？腹饥而食，体乏而息，日出而作，日落而寝。居家何需众役？顺自然而无为，则神安体健；背自然而营营，则神乱而体损。”
阳子居知己浅陋，惭愧道：“弟子鄙俗，多谢先生指教。”
老聃问。“安居何处？”
阳于居道：“沛（今江苏沛县）。”
老聃说：“正好相伴同行。”阳子居很高兴。欣然与老师结伴向东而行。行至难水，二人乘船而渡。老聃牵牛而先登，阳子居引马而后上。老聃慈容笑貌。与同渡乘客谈笑融融；阳子居昂首挺胸，客人见之施之以座，船主见之奉茶献巾。难水过，二人骑牲继续前行。老聃叹道：“刚才观你神态，昂首挺胸，傲视旁人，唯己独尊，狂妄自大，不可教也。”阳子居面带愧色，恳言道：“弟子习惯成自然，一定改之！”老聃道“君子与人处，若冰释于水，与人共事，如童仆谦下；洁白无瑕而似含垢藏污，德性丰厚而似鄙俗平常”。阳子居听后，一改原来高傲，其貌不矜亦不恭，其言不骄亦不媚。老子赞曰：“小子稍有进！人者，生于父母之身，立于天地之间，自然之物也。贵己贱物则背自然，贵人贱己则违本性，等物齐观，物我一体，顺势而行，借势而止，言行不自然，则合于道矣！”
论养生经
话说老聃隐居宋国沛地，自耕而食，自织而衣。岂知其名，无足自行，慕其名者接踵而至，求问修道之方，学术之旨，处世之要，于是其弟子遍天下。
有个弟子名庚桑楚，深得老子之道，住在北部畏垒山上。住三年，畏垒之地民风大变：男耕而有粟可食，女织而有衣可穿，各尽其能，童叟无欺，百姓和睦，世间太平。众人欲推庚桑楚为君主。庚桑楚闻之，心中不悦，意欲迁居。弟子不解，庚桑楚道：“巨兽张口可以吞车，其势可谓强矣，然独步山林之外，则难免网罗之祸；巨鱼，张口可以吞舟，其力可谓大矣，然跃于海滩之上，则众蚁可以食之。故鸟不厌天高，兽不厌林密，鱼不厌海深，兔不厌洞多。天高，鸟可以飞矣；林密，兽可以隐矣；海深，鱼可以藏矣；洞多，兔可以逃矣。皆为保其身而全其生也。保身全生之人，宜敛形而藏影也，故不厌卑贱平庸、”
庚桑楚弟子中有一人，名南荣，年过三十，今日闻庚桑楚养生高论，欲求养生之道。庚桑楚道：“古人曰：土蜂不能孵青虫，越鸡不能孵鸿鹄，各有所能，各有所不能也。桑楚之才有限，不足以化汝，汝何不南去宋国沛地求教老聃先生？”南荣 闻言，辞别庚桑楚，顶风冒雪，行七日七夜而至老聃居舍。
南荣 拜见老聃，道：“弟子南荣，资质愚钝难化，特行七日七夜，来此求教圣人。”老聃道：“汝求何道？”“养生之道。”老聃曰：“养生之道，在神静心清。静神心清者，洗内心之污垢也。心中之垢，一为物欲，一为知求。去欲去求，则心中坦然；心中坦然，则动静自然。动静自然，则心中无所牵挂，于是乎当卧则卧，当起则起，当行则行，当止则止，外物不能扰其心。故学道之路，内外两除也；得道之人，内外两忘也。内者，心也；外者，物也。内外两除者，内去欲求，外除物诱也；内外两忘者，内忘欲求，外忘物诱也。由除至忘，则内外一体，皆归于自然，于是达于大道矣！如今，汝心中念念不忘学道，亦是欲求也。除去求道之欲，则心中自静；心中清静，则大道可修矣?蹦先?闻言，苦心求道之意顿消。如释重负，身心已变得清凉爽快、舒展旷达、平静淡泊。于是拜谢老聃道：“先生一席话，胜我十年修。如今荣不请教大道，但愿受养生之经。”
老聃道：“养生之经，要在自然。动不知所向，止不知所为，随物卷曲，随波而流，动而与阳同德，静而与阳同波。其动若水，其静若镜，其应若响，此乃养生之经也。”南荣问道。“此乃完美之境界乎？”老聃道：“非也。此乃清融己心，入于自然之始也。倘入完美境界，则与禽兽共居于地而不以为卑，与神仙共乐于天而不以为贵；行不标新立异，止不思虑计谋，动不劳心伤神；来而不知所求，往而不知所欲。”南荣问道：“如此即至境乎？”老聃道。“未也。身立于天地之间，如同枯枝槁木；心居于形体之内，如同焦叶死灰。如此，则赤日炎炎而不觉热，冰雪皑皑而不知寒，剑戟不能伤，虎豹不能害。于是乎祸亦不至，福亦不来。祸福皆无，苦乐皆忘也。”
再授孔丘
话说孔丘与老聃相别，转眼便是十七八年，至五十一岁，仍未学得大道。闻老聃回归宋国沛地隐居，特携弟子拜访老子。
老子见孔丘来访，让于正房之中，问道：一别十数载，闻说你已成北方大贤才。此次光临，有何指教？”孔丘拜道：“弟子不才，虽精思勤习，然空游十数载，未入大道之门。故特来求教。”老子曰：“欲观大道，须先游心于物之初。天地之内，环宇之外。天地人物，日月山河，形性不同。所同者，皆顺自然而生灭也，皆随自然而行止也。知其不同，是见其表也；知其皆同，是知其本也。舍不同而观其同，则可游心于物之初也。物之初，混而为一，无形无性，无异也。”孔丘问：“观其同，有何乐哉？”老子道：“观其同，则齐万物也。齐物我也，齐是非也。故可视生死为昼夜，祸与福同，吉与凶等，无贵无贱，无荣无辱，心如古井，我行我素，自得其乐，何处而不乐哉？”
孔丘闻之，观己形体似无用物，察已荣名类同粪土。想己来世之前，有何形体？有何荣名？思己去世之后，有何肌肤？有何贵贱？于是乎求仁义、传礼仪之心顿消，如释重负，无忧无虑，悠闲自在。”老子接着说：“道深沉矣似海，高大矣似山，遍布环宇矣而无处不在，周流不息矣而无物不至，求之而不可得，论之而不可及也！道者，生育天地而不衰败、资助万物而不匮乏者也；天得之而高，地得之而厚，日月得之而行，四时得之而序，万物得之而形。”孔丘闻之，如腾云中，如潜海底，如入山林，如沁物体，天我合为一体，己皆万物，万物皆己，心旷而神怡，不禁赞叹道：“阔矣！广矣！无边无际！吾在世五十一载，只知仁义礼仪。岂知环宇如此空旷广大矣！好生畅快，再讲！再讲??老子见孔丘已入大道之门，侃侃而谈道：“圣人处世，遇事而不背，事迁而不守，顺物流转，任事自然。调和而顺应者，有德之人也；随势而顺应者，得道之人也。”孔丘闻之，若云飘动，随风而行；若水流转，就势而迁。喜道：“悠哉！闲哉！乘舟而漂于海，乘车而行于陆矣。进则同进，止则同止，何须以己之力而代舟车哉？君子性非异也，善假于物也！妙哉！妙哉！再讲！再讲??老子又道：“由宇宙本始观之，万物皆气化而成、气化而灭也。人之生也，气之聚也；人之死也，气之散也。人生于天地间，如白驹过隙，忽然而已矣。万物之生，蓬蓬勃勃，未有不由无而至于有者；众类繁衍，变化万千，未始不由有而归于无者也。物之生，由无化而为有也；物之死，由有又化而为无也。有，气聚而可见；无，气散而不可见。有亦是气。无亦是气，有无皆是气，故生死一气也。生者未有不死者，而人见生则喜，见死则悲，不亦怪乎？人之死也，犹如解形体之束缚，脱性情之裹挟，由暂宿之世界归于原本之境地。人远离原本，如游子远走他乡；人死乃回归原本，如游子回归故乡，故生不以为喜，死不以为悲。得道之人，视生死为一条，生为安乐，死为安息；视是非为同一，是亦不是，非亦不非；视贵贱为一体，贱亦不贱，贵亦不贵；视荣辱为等齐，荣亦不荣，辱亦不辱。何故哉？立于大道，观物根本，生死、是非、贵贱、荣辱，皆人为之价值观，亦瞬时变动之状态也。究其根本，同一而无别也。知此大道也，则顺其变动而不萦于心，日月交替，天地震动、风吼海啸、雷鸣电击而泰然处之 。”
孔丘闻之，觉已为鹊，飞于枝头；觉己为鱼，游于江湖：觉己为蜂，采蜜花丛；觉已为人，求道于老聃。不禁心旷神达，说：“吾三十而立，四十而不惑，今五十一方知造化为何物矣！造我为鹊则顺鹊性而化，造我为鱼则顺鱼性而化，造我为蜂则顺蜂性而化，造我为人则顺人性而化。鹊、鱼、蜂、人不同，然顺自然本性变化却相同；顺本性而变化，即顺道而行也；立身于不同之中，游神于大同之境，则合于大道也。我日日求道，不知道即在吾身，！”言罢，起身辞别。
圣人辞世
老聃长寿，一百六十余岁仙逝，邻里皆来吊唁。老人哭之，如哭其子；少者哭之，如哭其母。念老子顺民之性、随民之情、与世无争、柔慈待人的大德大恩，皆悲不自胜 。
老聃好友秦佚来吊唁，至老子灵旁，不跪不拜，拱手致意，哭号三声即止。待其欲转身回去时，邻人拦住问道：“汝非老子好友乎？”秦佚答道；“当然。”邻人道：“既为老子好友，如此薄情少礼，可乎？”秦佚道；“有何不可？”邻人闻言，由怒转，大声责问道：“其理何在？”秦佚笑道：“吾友老聃有言，生亦不喜，死亦不悲。汝可闻乎？昔日老聃之生也，由无至有，聚气而成，顺时而来，合自然之理，有何喜哉？今日老聃之死也，由有归无，散气而灭，顺时而去，合自然之理也。有何悲哉？生而喜者，是以为不当喜而喜也；死而悲者，是以为不当悲而悲也，放生时贵生，死时怕死，皆是以己之意愿而强求生来、强求死去也，皆背自然之理而任己之情也。如安时而处顺，则哀乐不能入也。而背自然、违天理，合于道乎？不合于道，可为老聃好友乎？老聃好友者，遵其言而动、顺于道而行者也。吾既为老聃之友，故能以理化情，故不悲。”
邻人闻之，似有所悟，又问：“汝既不悲，何以哭号三声？”秦佚笑道：“吾哭号三声，非因悲也，是与老聃辞别也。一号，言其生而应时，合自然之理也。二号，言其死而应时，合自然之理也；三号，言其在世传自然无为之道，合自然之理也。老聃举足而应时，动止而合道，吾有何悲哉？”众邻闻之，皆言秦佚乃老聃真友，故推其为主葬之人。合土之时，秦佚颂悼文道：“老聃大圣，替天行道，游神大同，千古流芳。”
乙 老子其人
历史上的老子是什么人呢？他的生活年代到底是什么时候？这些问题都是我们现在无法肯定的。但是，对于老子的形象，我们却又是比较熟悉的。（这是因为，我们在接受教育或者是获得常识的时候，只采取了一种没有争议的观点）
A 老子是谁？
《史记·老子列传》载：“老子者，楚，苦县厉乡曲仁里人也。姓李氏，名耳，字伯阳，谥曰聃，周守藏室之史也。”但是，司马迁又说关于老子其人的传说还有三种：一说老子是老莱子；二说太史儋即老子；三说老子是隐君子。后人对这几种说法有不同的观点，引起了长期的争论。
B 老子的形象
在我们一般人看来，老子是道家的代表人物或者是创始人（对这样的说法，我持保留态度。老子即使确有其人，他也未必有一个创始“道家”的意图）。在道教中，老子就是太上老君，是道教的“教主”。
2.书名。也称《道德经》。（《道德经》是后来的称谓，最初老子书称为《老子》而无《道德经》之名。参见百度百科《道德经》条 (http://baike.baidu.com/lemma-php/dispose/view.php/16516.htm）其成书年代过去多有争论，至今仍无法确定，不过根据1993年出土的郭店楚简“老子”年代推算，成书年代至少在战国中前期。
甲 版本问题
自成书以来，老子的版本众多（版本，在汉语中大概可以指印刷术发明以来印制书籍的版次。所以，木板印刷、活字印刷的书籍都有版本。不过，帛书、简书或者其他形式的书籍是否也有版本问题呢？由于简帛书籍一般为手写，是否可以称为版本，我无法肯定请大家指出。或许学界也将简帛等形式的老子也称为版本，但是我们现在不会将手稿称为书籍。）现在，我们一般所说的通行本指王弼本、傅奕本。
乙 老子注释
《老子》不仅版本众多，注释者更是历代不断。我们现代人读它总觉得有障碍，这种障碍首先是文字上的。解决这样的障碍可以借助前人及今人对《老子》的注疏等形式的文字解释。另一方面大概可以说是思想方面的障碍，对《老子》所表达的思想并不是每一个人都会认可或理解的。（可参见道德知音论坛 http://bbs.daode.biz/viewthread.php?tid=2612）
中国茶道与道家
第一节 天人合一
中国茶道吸收了儒、佛、道三家的思想精华。佛教强调"禅茶一味"以茶助禅，以茶礼佛，在从茶中体味苦寂的同时，也在茶道中注入佛理禅机，这对茶人以茶道为修身养性的途径，借以达到明心见性的目的有好处。而道家的学说则为茶人的茶道注入了"天人和一 "的哲学思想，树立了茶道的灵魂。同时，还提供了崇尚自然，崇尚朴素，崇尚真的美学理念和重生、贵生、养生的思想。
一、人化自然
人化自然，在茶道中表现为人对自然的回归渴望，以及人对"道"的体认。具体地说，人化自然表现为在品茶时乐于于自然亲近，在思想情感上能与自然交流，在人格上能与自然相比拟并通过茶事实践去体悟自然的规律。这种人化自然，是道家"天地与我并生，而万物与我唯一"思想的典型表现。中国茶道与日本茶道不同，中国茶道"人化自然"的渴求特别强烈，表现味茶人们在品茶时追求寄情于山水，忘情与山水，心融于山水的境界。元好问的《茗饮》一诗，就是天人和一在品茗时的具体写照，契合自然的绝妙诗句。宿醒来破厌觥船，紫笋分封入晓前。
槐火石泉寒食后，鬓丝禅榻落花前一瓯春露香能永，万里清风意已便。邂逅化胥犹可到，蓬莱未拟问群仙。
诗人以槐火石泉煎茶，对着落花品茗，一杯春露一样的茶能在诗人心中永久留香，而万里清风则送诗人梦游华胥国，并羽化成仙，神游蓬莱三山，可视为人化自然的极至。茶人也只有达到人化自然的境界，才能化自然的品格为自己的品格，才能从茶壶水沸声中听到自然的呼吸，才能以自己的"天性自然"去接近，去契合客体的自然，才能彻悟茶道、天道、人道。
二、自然化的人
"自然化的人"也即自然界万物的人格化、人性化。中国茶道吸收了道家的思想，把自然的万物都看成具有人的品格、人的情感，并能 与人进行精神上的相互沟通的生命体，所以在中国茶人的眼里，大自然的一山一水一石一沙一草一木都显得格外可爱，格外亲切。
在中国茶道中，自然人化不仅表现在山水草木等品茗环境的人化，而且包含了茶以及茶具的人化。
对茶境的人化，平添了茶人品茶的情趣。如曹松品茶"靠月坐苍山"，郑板桥品茶邀请"一片青山入座"，陆龟蒙品茶"绮席风开照露晴"，李郢品茶"如云正护幽人堑"，齐己品茶"谷前初晴叫杜鹃"，曹雪芹品茶"金笼鹦鹉唤茶汤"，白居易品茶"野麝林鹤是交游"，在茶人眼里，月友情、山有情、风有情、云有情，大自然的一切都是茶人的好朋友。诗圣杜甫的一首品茗诗写道落日平台上，春风啜茗时。
石阑斜点笔，桐叶坐题诗。
翡翠鸣衣桁，蜻蜓立钓丝。
自逢今日兴，来往亦无期。
全诗人化自然和自然人化相结合，情景交融、动静结合、声色并茂、虚实相生。
苏东坡有一首把茶人化的诗：
仙山灵雨湿行云，洗遍香肌粉未匀。
明月来投玉川子，清风吹破武林春。
要知冰雪心肠好，不是膏油首面新。
戏作小诗君莫笑，从来佳茗似佳人。
正因为道家"天人合一"的哲学思想融入了茶道精神之中，在中国茶人心里充满着对大自然的无比热爱，中国茶人有着回归自然、亲近 自然的强烈渴望，所以中国茶人最能领略到"情来爽朗满天地"的激情以及"更觉鹤心杳冥"那种与大自然达到"物我玄会"的绝妙感受。
第二节 中国茶道中的道家理念
一、尊人
中国茶道中，尊人的思想在表现形式上常见于对茶具的命名以及对茶的认识上。茶人们习惯于把有托盘的盖杯称为"三才杯"。杯托 为"地"、杯盖为"天"，杯子为"人"。意思是天大、地大、人更大。如果连杯子、托盘、杯盖一同端起来品茗，这种拿杯手法称为"三才合一"
二、贵生
贵生是道家为茶道注入的功利主义思想。在道家贵生、养生、乐生思想的影响下，中国茶道特别注重"茶之功"，即注重茶的保健养生 的功能，以及怡情养性的功能。
道家品茶不讲究太多的规矩，而是从养生贵生的目的出发，以茶来助长功行内力。如马钰的一首《长思仁·茶》中写道：一枪茶，二枪茶，休献机心名利家，无眠未作差。 无为茶，自然茶，天赐休心与道家，无眠功行加。可见，道家饮茶与世俗热心于名利的人品茶不同，贪图功利名禄的人饮茶会失眠，这表明他们的精神境界太差。而茶是天赐给道家的琼浆仙露，饮了茶更有精神，不嗜睡就更能体道悟道，增添功力和道行。
更多的道家高人都把茶当作忘却红尘烦恼，逍遥享乐精神的一大乐事。对此，道教南宗五祖之一的白玉蟾在《水调歌头·咏茶》一词 中写得很妙。
二月一番雨，昨夜一声雷。
枪旗争展，建溪春色占先魁。
采取枝头雀舌，带露和烟捣碎，炼作紫金堆。
碾破春无限，飞起绿尘埃。
汲新泉，烹活火，试将来，放下兔毫瓯子，滋味舌头回。
唤醒青州从事，战退睡魔百万，梦不到阳台。
两腋清风起，我欲上蓬莱。
三、坐忘
"坐忘"是道家为了要在茶道达到"至虚极，守静笃"的境界而提出的致静法门。受老子思想的影响，中国茶道把"静"视为"四谛"之一。如何使自己在品茗时心境达到"一私不留"、一尘不染，一妄不存的空灵境界呢？道家也为茶道提供了入静的法门，这称之为"坐忘"，即，忘掉自己的肉身，忘掉自己的聪明。茶道提倡人与自然的相互沟通，融化物我之间的界限，以及"涤除玄鉴""澄心味象"的审美观照，均可通过"坐忘"来实现。
四、无己
道家不拘名教，纯任自然，旷达逍遥的处世态度也是中国茶道的处世之道。道家所说的"无己"就是茶道中追求的"无我"。无我，并非是从肉体上消灭自我，而是从精神上泯灭物我的对立，达到契合自然、心纳万物。"无我"是中国茶道对心境的最高追求，近几年来台湾海峡两岸茶人频频联合举办国际"无我"茶会，日本、韩国茶人也积极参与，这正是对"无我"境界的一种有益尝试。
五、道法自然，返朴归真
中国茶道强调"道法自然"，包含了物质、行为、精神三个层次。物质方面，中国茶道认为："茶是南方之嘉木"。是大自然恩赐的"珍木灵芽"，在种茶、采茶、制茶时必须顺应大自然的规律才能产出好茶，行为方面，中国茶道讲究在茶事活动中，一切要以自然为美，以朴实为美，动则行云流水，静如山岳磐石，笑则如春花自开，言则如山泉吟诉，一举手，一投足，一颦一笑都应发自自然，任由心性，绝无造作。
精神方面，道法自然，返朴归真，表现为自己的性心得到完全解放，使自己的心境得到清静、恬淡、寂寞、无为，使自己的心灵随茶香弥漫，仿佛自己与宇宙融合，升华到"无我"的境界。
周易的内容属儒家学说,周易的形式属道家理论.故周易应是儒道合一的全家学说.
道法自然
国学智慧精粹：
掌握进退自如的生存智慧
领悟刚柔相济的处世策略
学会顺逆从容的自然选择
感受祸福相倚的因果效应
创造静躁合一的人生状态
提升企业发展的管理之道
儒道精髓—— 以“仁”为本，是企业和谐发展之根本
以“义”育人，可培养企业团队精神
以“礼”待客，赢得人际关系，获得企业信誉
以“智”为贵，勇于创新，不断发展
以“信”为贵，人而无信，不知其可，信是做人之本、兴业之道
道家智慧——
美国总统里根上任后宣布“道学原理”为主导思想，立威国际……《道德经》，一部被誉为人类历史上最伟大的传世经典，它集商道、兵道、政道、人道、天道…… 为一体，承载著中华民族最厚重的文化、凝聚著华夏文明最辉煌的智慧，为历代帝王将相、文人贤仕所推崇。和谐世界，以道相通。掌握“道法自然”的自然哲学，发挥博大精深的智慧之思，探讨人生之真谛、处世之哲理、经营之“大道”，明天道了人道开启商道，真正实现以道御术、内圣外王。
禅宗智慧与企业伦理——
深刻体会禅宗所蕴含的对本性的关怀，以及由此出发而展开的处世方式、人生追求、审美情趣、超越精神，将禅宗精神澄明高远的境界引入到企业，建立各自企业的伦理体系，真正实现企业治理的至高境界，再现领导艺术的颠峰。
Taoism and Taoist Taoist category included books such as "I note", "Kinship" and so on.
One school of thought during the Qin Dynasty to Laozi and Zhuangzi as the chief representative. Daoist thought advocating natural dialectics of factors and there is the tendency of atheism, while the main Zhang Qingjing inaction against the struggle.
Historical Origins of Taoism
Taoism is the core of "Road", that "Road" is the origin of the universe, is also the rule of law of the universe in all sports. I had said in his book: "Things hybrid, the first world health. Siew Ah! Liao Oh! Independent and not change for heaven and earth mother. Wuwei know these names, powerful and named Road" ("I" s 25)
"Sima Qian," Sima Qian's father, Sima Tan Han Taishiling had written called "essence of Six" article, the Pre School summarized as Taoism, Confucianism, ink, name, method, yin and yang, 6, and described six thrust and gains and losses. He said: "the spirit of Taoism makes specific, dynamic co-invisible, age support enough of all things. It is also for the operation, due to the large Yin Shun, adopting Confucianism and the good name of Act to be summarized, with the migration, should things change, established customs agent, not nothing, that is about obviousness adopted, but do little more than power. "" nothingness based its operation in order to follow for the use. not as a shame, no fixed form, it can study the situation of all things. not the material first, not after things, so the Lord for everything. "
Taoism was later Dou Zhang Lu's five other religious absorption, and evolved into one of China's major religions - Taoism. Wei romantic metaphysics in the talk when more emphasis alchemy. Therefore, the Taoists and Taoism were often confused. (Zhang Lu, also known as Zhang Daoling, "Five Pecks of Rice Road," the founder, is also considered the founder of Taoism).
Basic concepts of Taoism
Taoist emphasis on human freedom and liberation. The one hand, the liberation of the liberation of human knowledge and ability, on the other hand is the mood of the liberation of human life, the former proposed "to learn more, day loss for the Road", "one also goes to He is also a non-non" principle of understanding, the latter who made "modest" and "weak", "soft" and "Mind Studio", "Oblivion," "butterfly" and other life skill to face the world. Taoism stresses "human day one", "person-day accordingly," and "without struggle, good and not harm", "repair of the body, its moral is true," "humble Solid", "by heaven and earth are, and Royal Debate six gas to travel infinite "and" Law on the yin and yang, to Park should be redundant to simple to be complicated. "and so on.
The philosophy of Taoism
Important philosophers of thinking
Lao Zi is the most important pioneers after the Taoist theory, Taoist philosophy of Lao-II is basically just. Different from the Taoist Chuang Tzu Lao school, this is to Chuang Tzu who dealt in greater detail the relationship between nature, people can create capabilities, including intelligence, the cognitive ability, physical energy on and so on. Zhuangzi also stand based on the proposition that the natural way of heaven, made from human self-cultivation to the country face the entire community of life skills, book 7 of the Chuang Tzu as is his knowledge from the view of the world to work on the philosophy of social The Saints and the theory of foreign Kings.
Liezi Warring States Period, people. Some existing "Lie Zi" 8 is the series of the Eastern Jin Zhang Zhan is generally believed that the book reflects the thinking of the Warring States to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. "Lie Zi" starting from Taoism and Taoist view of life in some transformation of inaction in the natural world, we emphasize the positive role and that of people without any force a force in a living state, not worry about day defying genius is the best living conditions.
Wang Bi, who the Three Kingdoms era. When the Han Dynasty through the development of science has come to an end, social and political unrest and has been in the situations of injustice, intellectual atmosphere of talk turned to metaphysics, Wang Bi by its deep understanding the philosophy of Lao Zi, Lao Zi notes "the moral" book, with heavy body distinction whether the other not only to develop the purpose of interpretation of the old school: "you no" spirit and principles of this comment, "I Ching", has even changed the words from the Chinese, as has the number of easy to learn qi cosmology The research direction of the I Ching Metaphysics simply replace the history of the Chinese Book of Changes to a new situation.
Guo Xiang, the Western Jin Dynasty people to "Zhuang Zi" is famous for advocating "independence" theory is a highly abstract thinking from which developed out of the metaphysical style concept holds that the universe all things are born by accident, "Xuan Ming" state so No matter the size of each promote a smooth its proper spirit, equality and respect for each life, outlook on life.
Taoist development period
Some scholars believe that ancient Taoist hermit of origin should be traditional, of course, some scholars say that I was Qingmiao of the Code, in short, the origin of Taoism is not an active participant in social and political, that they observe the world situation the sidelines, and seriously thinking about the truth of the universe the use of the abstract and not with a high degree of persistence of the language of ideology, describing Heaven and personnel changes in the law, is the level of theory study is their expertise. When the total Pre-old Zhuang Erzi photo finishing the program of Taoism, the Taoist metaphysical depth of thought Confucianism and Legalism immediately affect the metaphysical thinking of the Confucian "Yi" in making and Han Fei Zi "old solution" for all of is established on the basis of its theory of hsin. However, the actual impact on the socio-political, I shall learn to go to the implementation of the Early Han-faire governance after the test was officially because Diego through the Spring and Autumn, Warring States, Mie Qin, Chu and Han battle of the war is finally coming to the community Stop the time, has finally found the harmful effects of the struggle and recuperate Zheng-qiang important, so the old Principles of political philosophy thus neglected. Strong until the Western Han Dynasty, King began to grandiose, curtain again war years, the trend of the times change again, and then also re-corrupt, on the wind until the Wei Jinqing, Taoism began its vitality, He Yan, Wang Bi's first opened its wind , Wang Bi also with brief and for injection through, from the theoretical in-depth study and Taoist to be elucidated, but to show, Guo Xiang's comments were the work of the development of village school. Wei and Jin Dynasties, Taoism does not have clear-cut to create the traditional representation, but the Taoist logic, but to Taoism, and Confucianism to learn to use the theory to create the important revelation, particularly from the Zhuangzi gasification cosmology, but also widely and to further develop the depth. Buddhism spread during the same period, there have been a long time off is the Taoist "no" to the expression of the wisdom principle, namely the World called "Ge Buddhist" period.
Taoist contributions to Chinese culture
Understanding of Taoism
Road to Road are Road, were the very name can be.
These two words is the maximum depth I thought, but in fact the most simple and obvious truth.
In fact, the two words is a meaning.
The actual split, should be: Road to the eternal Tao. Can also be split into: Road to, way wrong, always emphasized. Meaning is very simple, but very much like rocks, like the mountains, different people see different things. No conclusion, this is the highest moral by the most mysterious places deep, in fact, is what it means.
Road, heaven and earth. Dao, everyone can attain the. Extremely Road, but None of the eternal world of the Road Road. (Some versions of non-permanent road) together is: heaven and earth, but everyone can get the real way, but things in the world round after round of Road, None of the Hang Road. Not enough white? Then some of it in white!
STOMATOLOGY translated text: King of the rules I actually not that complicated to do is observe all around, love life, enjoy life, can realize this "mysterious" of the Road. But do not forget that all the world's Road, are not eternal, all things are born naturally have died. Laozi's Dao De Jing This is not the embodiment of truth, sooner or later will replace ousted. In reality, this world without constant Road truth, that is, all things of the Road.
Road may be, way wrong, always emphasized that in fact largely the reason.
Road may be, way to influence all things.
Road non, but then there are a large Road was overthrown, overthrown the time.
Chang Road, the only world is the Tao Chang Tao, all things are beginnings and ends.
The two split the meaning of law is the same, in fact, you can try, these six words, no matter what method of demolition, the meaning is the same, this is exquisite cycle of all things should be deducted Taoism, Tai Chi often turn central idea. This is the greatest wisdom of Lao Tzu.
Ha ha, actually I thought that the fundamental self, normal, harmonious and circulation.
As long as you happy, in peace, see through the self, tolerance of others.
You already can be regarded as a disciple of Lao Tzu it!
Introduction Taoism founder
. I, under the "Historical Records" of the records, surnamed Li, famous ears, posthumous said, Dan, word boyang, Chu suffering County (now Guoyang County) people. About life in the former between 571 to 471, have done hidden history of the Zhou Dynasty of Shou. I was familiar with our people, a great ancient Chinese thinker, he conceived of "the moral" philosophy in ancient China created the first of its kind. His philosophy and his creation of the Taoist school of thought not only to cultural development in ancient China, made important contributions, but also thinking of our 2000 years of cultural development, had a profound impact.
I was born
In the summer of 576 BC in June, Songguo Guo Jun died were public, the right teacher in charge of China Yuan national policy. To the left of the fish division, led by Shi Heng's clan for a long time have to seek political heart, helplessness of the public office, not in their hands. Now see the death of the public, who was uprising. As the look for a job is not close, Leak, was led by Dai Yuan Hua Song clan out. Since then, the Ren Xiangrong for the teacher left, the old Suketame Sima, ethnic music as Sikou; Lixin Jun, which is Songping Gong.
Huan Shi rate of the fish's lineage line two hundred people fled to Chu, a guest Chu years. In the summer of 573 BC, Jun, Chu raised his army Fa Song, capturing the Pengcheng Song (now Xuzhou), sealed stone fish, fish House defenders, and left by car to help guard 300.
Words surrounded by Pengcheng Song, day and night attack. Valiant mighty old junior, took the lead, making Song Junshi gas boosted by less than half, Pengcheng defenders will be jeopardized. Day, fish stone fish on the government supervise operations in the city, many people see the Song such as ants, all bravely, shelf ladders board the city, everyone rushed out; see a silver helmet Ginko general, armored white horse, galloping on the battlefield of on their plans. One of Chu will ask: "Who will be the Song?" Fish Stone replied: "Yes the new Sima, Wai Bing Lord old junior." Chu will have discussion, said: "Siege Lord, not in the military after a front view of the enemy , Que Tu Chi in the military before the left the right of foreign trade, can not help morale! this view, Pengcheng too dangerous! "But the fish is a stone's shenanigans, he has on his subordinates, said:" things will become and lost, things will failure is made, there are many examples in history, knows our military defeat? old junior heroic omu, take the lead, which he success of this; opinionated, arrogant, which is the root of his failure. how can I know his army win? "Chu will ask:" if the left division's intimate knowledge of what a good plan? "Fish Stone replied:" armed forces relative, or after the previous commander, to play it by ear. Now Songbing siege, Lord highlights Before braving the arrows while galloping, which is taboo for military strategists Yeah! I have a small account, and if the total act, Song Juncheng lost, is hard to say. "
Department of Fish Rock is for the original delegate stab, shoot old junior, is the military before coming to oversee the old Junior, suddenly flying arrow, into the chest Wucun. Unfortunately fell off the horse died. Song without leadership, defeated, scattered and fled.
Dependents are at Songying Jun Sato old account, there are maids, home to a dozen, dozens of bodyguards. Juventa old junior died, see waves coming military collapse, the public will quickly drive home, protect the old lady fled. And the war and fled to the evening, pursuers Although not seen, but the old lady left side only two maids, a drive home to the. Home will not pause, daytime and dark forward, Huangbuzelu, ran along the south-west. The second day the morning the came to a remote village, the villagers asked the way to the Song are all shaking their heads did not. Family will only know should westbound, turned out that the long southerly. Group of four people around the trails, visit the 7th, still not see all of Song, but came with Yap Chen (today Luyi East). Is the time line, the wife Tujue belly pain. The old lady had been pregnant in July, before the old Suketame Jian Jun promise to win the heart of family members along with expedition. At this point defeat, the old people have a bereavement grief, desperate countries, heart anxiety, fatigue, and even the belly of fetal movement, pain. Maid panic flawless, on-street parking at home will be busy, Benzhi find an old woman came to the village. However, a few carved time, just listen to sounds within the caravan, "wah-wah," cries a premature baby born, this is the son of the old Junior ─ ─ Lao Tzu. I was born, the infirm and the head large, wide eyebrows and ears wide projects such as the deep clear beads, nose, such as point machines with dual-beam. Grow up its ears, so named "Dan"; because Tiger was born in GY (BC 571), relatives and neighbors who say they call the little fox child, that "little tigers" was intended. Between people because of Jianghuai the "cat" a judge and "raccoon children", sound with the "Great Unification." Over time, the old Dan nickname "fox child" has become the name "Great Unification" pass down from generation to generation.
Birth mother and the poor old woman, see, so that his party of five was admitted to their homes. Lao Zhang to open a pharmacy for a living, surnamed Chen, Chen called Papa, why is that woman as Mrs. Chen. Mrs. Chen knees had no children, and his kind-hearted enthusiasm for the three west wing, leaving the old lady a living. Old lady of crisis, and met a person of this kind, grateful hearts; Although the war displaced, after all, out of a large house to carry valuables is still enough to get by. Plus the home will often help Chen dad make a living, two maid household, young and old 5, life has still moist. Since then, Song war will be in the old Junior's wife and children lived down Chen.
Bright young
Old Dan childhood intelligence, meditation, studious, often wrapped around the State House will hear the rise and fall, success or failure of the war, ritual divination, viewing things like testing. Old lady expectations for their children, make a master Mr. Shang Ritual professor of commercial content. Business capacity through astronomy, geography, Bo ancient rituals, old Dan, a deeply respected.
Into the school week
Mr. Business Professor for three years, bid farewell to Ms. Xiang Lao: "The old lady know shallow, Dan Angie children, three years and an old man of science award??
Today to bid farewell, no end is also non-old lady professor, school of children of non-Dan are not diligent. The school is a bit old lady have to do. Dan children seek the infinite, to have to do for the infinite, almost did not have difficulties? Dan child, the child also Wang Zhiyuan map; with-eup, remote block of ground. Wants to be tick Pu and jade, take into the week all the demand studies.
All week, classics such as the sea, the Magi clouds, the world is the Holy Land itself, not into its difficult to National Cheng Kung University within the device. "Getting old lady's remark, the hearts of screenwriters: Dan is the child of a party 13 years, Song Du Shangju difficult to return, such as the board last week were it not for nine days? 2 is an old clan leaving only the root, how assured he alone walk alone? Is hesitation, I do not know how to answer, that Mr. unexpectedly guess know as difficulty, and quickly said: "In real say so, the old brothers to Dr. Zhou Taixue, knowledgeable, help one mind, to love Jingxian to people living trees to help Yin for fun to recommend Yin for any. Domestic child prodigy digital, rests with civil chosen to. Do not supply food and clothing, like our own children to be.
Dr. Wen made the old lady, known Dan Shansi children eager to learn, intelligent and extraordinary, long-standing wish of seeing them. Recently, a number of servants who pass through here, especially his letter the old lady, desire children last week with Dan. This is a lifetime of opportunity, hope value service! "Upon hearing this old lady can not help but bittersweet. Hee sponsor, so Dan affinity children into weeks, Teng Lung a road; sad mother and son were and what day the visibility? Thinking now, as if Dan had children thousands of miles away, not feel sad hard suppression, and tears. Old Dan's mother flapping arms, sobbing words: "The mother goes without sorrow, Dan never negative teacher expectations of children, to be successful on my industry, will certainly soon to meet his mother! "He finished, mother and two-phase hold each other and cry.
Crying for a long time, mother and two-person show and was happy and recommend Mr. Bese grace. Three days later, family and business to five miles away Mr. Song Lao Dan. 11 Old Dan kneeling, launched with Dr. westbound servants away. Looking to the old lady Dan shadow children away, had just depressed into the car, Men Men return. "
Old Dan into the week, Meet the Doctor into the Imperial College, astronomy, geography, human relations, nothing is science, "Poems" and "book" "easy," "Calendar," "Li" "Music" Ubiquitous access to, artifacts, institutions, history books do not learn nothing, for three years while the improvement was great. Doctor has recommended its entry for the Officials of Storage Room. Keep hidden room is Zhouchao Dian Ji collection, which they _set_ the world of the text, to close the world of books, voluminous, nothing is there. Old Dan Department which swim into the sea like a dragon, the wide sea with Dragon; such as eagle wings blue sky, sky high the birds to fly. Old Dan hungry, Expo pan-concept, gradually attain nirvana, through ritual and the source of moral purpose next three years, then moved to keep possession of any room history, the well-known at home and sound broadcasting.
Professor of Confucius
Old Dan home Sunday for a long time, knowledge of the community, famous Japanese ring. Spring and Autumn Period, said knowledgeable person as "son" to show respect, so that people them registering as old Dan, "I."
One day in 538 BC, Confucius disciples Shadows Jing Shu said: "The weeks of storage room for the history of the old Code Dan, erudite and informed, know the source of ritual, to be clear moral. This week to ask for advice Wu Yu, Yu is willing to go there? "Shadows Jingshu readily agreed to immediately report to Lu Jun. Lu Jun quasi-line. Removal of a child for a car of a Royal two horses, accompanied by the Nangong Jing Shu to Confucius. I see all the way from Confucius, very happy, after the professor also cited Confucius Hung Chang's visit to the doctor. Chang Hung-good music, legal music award Confucius, music theory; cited Confucius ritual of the Code of view, the test mission, the police temple ritual, so Confucius sigh, in particular. Stay for a few days. I bid farewell to Confucius. Dan sent the old premises, the message for Road: "I have heard of, a rich and give it away with money and virtue are given away by words. I is not rich is not expensive, no money to send thee; willing to take a few words both hands. a world of smart and deep police who were killed and several regards its so dead, is a good person No, not ridiculed; eloquent and accessible person, its so Zhaohuo and repeated The body is also good Yang evil person. man son, do not to have been as high; man of the minister, do not to have the last, hope Ru remember. "Confucius obeisance:" The disciples must keep in mind! "
Lao Tzu: "The world no one pushing on his own, no burning sun and the moon while the self-evident, no one out in the preface to the stars, animals without artificial and self, This is the natural whom also, why should people almost? People, Health, so No, it rong, so shame, there are Ziranzhili, of nature too. Shun Ziranzhili and trends, follow the natural opposite direction, the country is self-government, others from now, why Jin-Jin Yue and advocate in righteousness Zai? Jinjin in ritual and advocate righteousness, is against the people of nature far from the truth! as if seeking to escape the man who beat the drums, hit the ring more, then who survived fled far from the truth! "
Pause a moment, I finger The vast Yellow River, on Confucius said: "Ruhe not learn water Dade Secular?" Confucius said: "What is moral of water?" I said: "of charity: water benefits all things without struggling, Department everyone of the evil, This is also the virtue of Humility; it Jianghai so for 100 Valley king, under its good, then the valley for 100 King. the world Mo weak in water, but strong tackling able to win MO, This is soft te; the victory just so soft and weak of the strong won the Caine. its not there, so to get into the seamless, can be seen teaching without words, inaction and the benefits are. "Confucius heard this, suddenly realized Road : "President's remark made me Dunkaimaosai also: everyone Department, and water alone under; everyone is fragile, water alone insurance; everyone Department clean, dirty water alone. in which every person of the evil, who with husband war or Down? this so as the good deeds. "I nodded and said:" Ruke teach also! Ruke remember: aloof, the world no one can compete with them, This is to follow the example of water te. the water a few at the Road: Tao is everywhere, water, nothing negative, to avoid becoming the next high, perhaps a somewhat reverse, good lands also; Air Service Cham quiet, unfathomable. good for the yuan also; loss and inexhaustible, not for reporting facilities, good as it is benevolent; Won will spin, side will fold, Cyprus will only, never will flow, good faith also; group of dirty washing, stabilization heights, things are good governance; to _set_ the float to Kam is clear to attack the enemy is strong and monensin efficient use of energy also; around the clock, PCG backward, when treated well. Therefore, at any time and saints row, Sage should do the same; wise for to rule over those born Sunchon. Ru after this to be to arrogance in the statement table, in addition to Chi desire for looks. Otherwise, the people before the arrival of the voice has been heard, but the wind has been prevented from moving body, Zhangzhang Yang Yang, such as the tiger line in the street, who would dare to use you? "Confucius said:" President's words from the heart of the heart and spleen infiltration disciples, disciples benefit, a lifetime. disciple will not relent espousal to Mr. Xie grace. "finish, I say goodbye, and Nangong Jingshu on the train, reluctant to part Lu fled to.
Back to Lu, the public disciples asked: "Sir, I visited can be almost too see?" Confucius said: "See the!" Disciples asked. "What I like?" Confucius said: "Bird, I know it can fly; fish, I know it can travel; beast, I know it can go. Go who can tie the network, run by the fishing hook can be used, who can fly arrows taken from, The Dragon, I do not know the why? Long by clouds and the nine days also! I see I have, its still dragon Down? knowledge profound and unpredictable, profound and difficult to understand the high inclination; like a snake of any flexion, seasonal changes such as the Dragon. Old Dan, really Wushi also! '"
High on life and death
Dan Zhou keep saying the old storage room for history, few were allowed to go home, wish to advise the mother followed last week; mother with Yap Chen lived in a long time, people Rehmannia cooked, do not want to move far away. Riyuerusuo, with time, an instant has passed 30 years. Day, the old Dan Mandrax home information, made my mother was dying, was reported to the emperor, go home inspect. To be home, the mother has passed away. Looking at the vast pile of earth on the Loess Plateau, thought heaven the souls of her mother, recalled his mother kindly appearance, raising the ex, old Dan distraught, eat or sleep all waste, sat on the floor, meditation, suddenly developed their own stupidity; ko recourse , and suddenly, relief, sorrow digestion, Dunjue body tired hungry belly. So meal, fell asleep.
Home to the ladies are feeling strange, wait until wake up, ask about it. Old Dan replied: "Life is known to the world, sentient beings with intelligence. Love, the enemies London harmonic and phase with warm temperature; a wise, so sensible governing accessibility and chaos. Love those wise laws also; wise man, love the Lord also . to love through wisdom, the people stupid and things upside down; to intellectual intelligence system, then the people something intelligent and heterozygosity. mother gave birth to Dan, Enchongrushan. Dan speech this mother and left Dan feeling too hard. love too hard, human nature also. too hard and not to intelligence systems, there will be chaos men, and it is sad and not want students. this Dan sit and meditate, suddenly wise, so as to intellectual intelligence system, it can control the situation but things can also conditioning. Love to system, things can be reasonable, then the belly of hunger and Yushi, body tired and drowsiness AIDS. "
Home to ask: "Why President Chi Love?"
"Human health, but to have also rests not; from the no to yes, will not by a while back too. No Dan Dan the mother and the time, no Muzizhiqing also; the mother of Dan and Dan, before a mother and son feeling also; mother to leave Dan, the mother and the child's unique situation has also ruthless; mother when Dan are not, then in no circumstances are. human with human feelings when no return is not nor do not, after almost? no other while indulging in love, grief does not want students, do not yu Down? it Gurouzhiqing too hard men, and everyone that, together in love also; too hard and not the system, then back Ziranzhili also. back Ziranzhili is Yu now! Dan thought to this, it loss of appetite and sleep can sleep carry on. "everyone heard of heart are suddenly broad-minded.
函谷 books
Zhou Jing Wang two years (518 BC), the old Dan mourning expired back weeks. Zhou Jing Wang four years (BC 5l6), the weeks of civil unrest in the royal family, Prince Liu towards shuaibing capture the public as at the beginning. Zhou Jing Wang forced. Sheng Jin Guoqiang was sent troops to rescue Zhou Jing Wang. Prince towards the less, to bring the old Royal Court classics escape Liao Chu. Old Dan suffered dereliction of duty, while the speech implicated the old post. So Imperial Villa hermit, riding Hitodo cattle, For the Hangu Pass, Journey to the West Qin.
Customs officials keep saying the Hangu Pass Yin Kwan, little time is a good view of astronomy, love reading classics, deep cultivation. Day night, independent floor, peered over the sky view, to find that the East Ziyun aggregation, its three miles long, shaped like a dragon, rolling from east to west, to himself: "Purple East to three miles, sage westbound through here. blue cattle slowly _set_ man, possessing vitality mixed form has disappeared. "Guan Yin Dan morning news the old name, I thought I Could is the future? Then sent forty miles of road sweeping, narrow lane incense to welcome saints.
July 12 afternoon, sun_set_ West Ramp, East shooting light. Guan Yin their way to Shimonoseki view to find that closing the Xi Luo has an elderly pedestrian, riding a blue ox came back. Old man with white hair like snow, its brow vertical temples, the lobe shoulder, his knee to be vertical, the roots of robe, and simple clean. Guan Yin Ertan his back: "I had the honor students. Too see the saints!" Three steps and for two steps, ran forward to kneel in prayer before the young cattle: "The Kwan Yin Koujian saints"
I listening, laughing: "flattered, award-winning! The old lady name as early as you heard, especially to call." Kwan Yin heard this joyful, kowtow not cope. After Guan Yin lead I to the official residences, please I sit, incense and rows disciple, pleaded: "Sir, is now the big sage! Sage, not to his own intellectual theft as their own will to the whole world intellectual responsibility also. Jinru will retreat rather than benevolence, ask for advice choosing the hard to find now! why not thy Divine Perception forward to the book? Guan Yin though shallow, on behalf of the President is willing to pass on to later generations, Liufangqiangu, for the benefit of generations. "
Old Dan promised to dynastic success or failure of the safety of people, good and bad fortune as a warning, be traced back to the source, the upper and lower 2, a total of 5000 words. Part beginning of the "Road to the eternal Tao; names can be named, very name", so called "Road Classic." Beginning of the next "on the virtue is not virtue, is virtuous; losing Germany under the German, is no virtue", enemies known as "De Jing", collectively, the "Tao Te Ching." "Drive by" made the universe of the root, including changes in the machine world, changes of Yin and Yang Yun Miao; next "De Jing", the words of life skills side, with advance and retreat of the operation personnel, Yun longevity and the road. Kwan Yin was the, treasure, silent recitation all day, hungry.
"The moral" full http://www.guoxue.com/zibu/zibu_zhuziml/laozi.htm
Attunement Yoko Home
Day trip to riding on a cow the old Dan Liang (now Kaifeng) of the countryside, is close their eyes meditatively, Juventa someone shouted "Sir." Dan heard this old, opened his eyes and found a disciple Yoko home.
Yoko home, Wei person, Imperial College into the week, I heard profound, I have private prayer for the division. Did not think the beam will I meet, Yoko hurried home immediately from a high head and large turning down, off Kam green robe, kneeling on old Dan before the high-risk young cattle. Old Dan down, propped up Yoko home, with phase and peers.
Old Dan asked: "disciples what had been busy?"
Yoko home salute: "The home to visit their ancestors, the purchase of property, modification Liang Dong, recruitment servants, remediation family rules."
Old Dan: "There lay the body, the diet of the Department is sufficient, to be so Zhang Yang?"
Home Yoko said: "Mr. Slim, need to sit still, lines need to relax, drink clear need to prime, lying be peaceful, non-residential single family with deep, how can this be? Home deep single-family house, servants do not move, do not prepare equipment why can sustain them? recruitment servants, maintained by equipment does not make family rules, how to rule? "
Old Dan laughed: "Road nature, why strong self quiet. OK without seeking and self-loose, drink without extravagance and self-cleaning, lying no desire and self-Ning. Cultivating what need is deep house? Belly hunger and food, body lack the interest , sunrise, sun_set_ and sleep. home Who needs the public served? conform to the natural but not to, then the safety and physical health of God; back natural Battalion, the God of disorder and body damage. "
Yoko confidant humble home, ashamed: "The disciples vulgar, thank you, Mr. teach."
Old Dan asked. "Where to live?"
Yang at the home said: "Pei (present Pei County in Jiangsu)."
Old Dan said: "just accompanied by peer." Yoko home very happy. Pleased with the teachers go hand in hand towards the line. Line to the hard water, two boat and ferry. Old Dan cows and first registration, Yoko home then on the lead horse. Old Dan Chi Yung Xiao Mao. Laughing and living in harmony with the ferry passengers; Yoko home heads held high, the guests to see the facilities of Block, the owner see the offer towel or disabled people. Hard water too, two riding a sacrificial move on. Old Dan sighed: "Just now view your demeanor, their heads held high, disdain for others, the only had Domination, arrogant, does not get too." Yoko home side with a look of shame, sincere words: "The disciples form the habit, a certain Correct! "Old Dan Road," a gentleman and one office, if it vanish in the water, working with others, such as the servant Humility; perfectly clean and may contain dirt and contamination, virtue seems vulgar rich and the ordinary. " Yoko home to hear a change in the original proud, its appearance is not conceited nor Christine, his words do not pride nor pro. I praise, saying: "a little boy into! Others, born of parents themselves, stand between heaven and earth, natural things are. Cheap things were back to your own natural, and elegant base has been the violation of nature, and other things Qi concept were I one to take advantage of the line, an occasion mindful of the fact, words and deeds are not natural, it together on the Road now! "
Of health by
Dan Song Guopei retreat to the old saying, from farming and food, from weaving and clothing. It turned out his name, not enough on their own, their names are followed Mu, inquired of the monasticism of the parties, the purpose of academic, life skills to, so his disciples all over the world.
Gengsang Chu disciples one person, name of the South Wing, over 30, health high on today's news Gengsang Chu, desire good health. Gengsang Chu: "The ancients said: wasp can not hatch budworm, the more chicken can hatch swan, each can to be not too different. Sang Chu was limited, not enough of Ru, Ru He is not the South to Song Guopei to ask for advice Old Mr. Dan? "South Wing heard this, farewell Gengsang Chu, trek against the wind, but to the old line Qiriqiye Dan Habitat homes.
Meet the Old South Wing Dan, said: "disciples of the South Wing, hard of qualification dull, special line Qiriqiye, come to seek out saints." Old Dan said: "What Ruqiu Road?" "Good health." Old Dan said, : "good health, clear meditation in God. Jing Qing heart of God who washed the dirt inside. mind the dirt, one for material things, and one seeking to know. to want to seek, then the mind calm; mind calm, the movement Nature. static nature, is nothing to worried about hearts, Ever when the lying is lying, and became the starting line when the line is, when only the only, foreign objects can not be disturbed his mind. Therefore, the road to school Road, inside and outside addition also; enlightenment of the people, both inside and outside are forgotten. in person, heart; outside persons, objects also. In addition to those both inside and outside, to the desire within and outside addition to inducing material also; internal and external forget who desire within the forgotten, forgotten things outside the trap also. by the addition to the forgotten, and the external one, are attributed to nature, then up at the Boulevard now! Today, Ru mind obsessed school Road, is also a desire also. remove the Dao of desire, the heart from the static; heart quiet, the road can be repair him? jump first? heard this, painstakingly seeking the meaning of Dunxiao Road. relief, has become cool and refreshing body and mind, stretch broad-minded, calm and indifferent. So Bese old Dan: "The President's words, win, I repair ten years. Now do not ask Boulevard Wing, I hope by the good health after. "
Sublicense Confucius
The words of Confucius and Lao Dan with another, an instant is 17 for eight years, five 11-year-old has yet to learn Boulevard. Dan heard the old Song Guopei return to seclusion, special visit I brought disciples.
Confucius heard of this concept has been useless objects like body, police have names similar to dirt Wing. Would like to have before the next life, what form? What Rong name? Thought had died, what skin? What are equal? Ever seek righteousness, mass rituals heart Dunxiao, relief, carefree, leisurely. "I went on to say:" Road carry on like deep sea, the tall and carry on like mountains, but everywhere around the Universal carry on, carry on without the weeks of uninterrupted material not to, and seeking of but could not and can not, and also of the! Dao, world without fertility decline, lack of funding and not all those who have; days and high-won, to be of the thick, sun and moon were of the line, and 4:00 and get the order, everything was of the form. "Confucius heard of it, such as the Cloud Rider, such as submerged submarine, such as the mountains, such as Qin objects into one day I, have all things, all things are already, but Shenyi mine heart, to exclaim:" The wide and carry on ! The length! Immense! I still alive 51 contains only knew righteousness etiquette. It turned out that the open Universal majority is wrong! Exceedingly fun, talk anymore! Revisit?? I see the door of Confucius has been into the road, talking about the Road: "saints themselves in society, failing and not back, do not keep moving, smooth logistics transfer, Managing Partner of the natural. Reconcile and adapt to those virtuous of people; with the situation and adapt to those with moral support of the people. "Confucius heard of it, Ruoyun fluttering, wind it; if water flow, potential and move on. Hei said: "leisurely! Busy zai! Shengzhou while floating in the sea, ride the line to carry on the mainland. Into the same forward, stop together, why in our own strength and on behalf of the journey zai? Gentleman also non-different, good fake to take things! Miaozai! Miaozai! talk anymore! talk anymore?? I then said: "In view of the universe, the beginning, all things are made of gasification, gasification and off too. The students were also the air, gathering together; person's death, the bulk gas also. Life in the sky, as fleeting, all of a sudden just say. Of all things health, thriving, not not help but regard with those without; public class reproduction, ever changing, might come there and not help those who have naught. Matter of Health, by the non-oriented and to have him; material death, by a further turn back into the feeling. Yes, gas accumulation and visible; no, gas dispersion and not visible. There is also a gas. No is also a gas, gas availability are all, so life and death, these cities also. No not the living dead, but people see the students are happy and see the dead will be sad, do not also wonder? Death is also, like the bound form solution, de disposition of the coerced, the temporary accommodation of the state of the world attributed to the original. People away from the original, such as the wanderer go into exile; died is a return to the original, such as wandering return home, so students do not think that happiness, not admitting that sad. Enlightenment of the people, depending on the life and death as one, born happiness, death as the rest; as right and wrong for the same, is not a non-no non; as something which as a whole, cheap is not cheap, you do not you; as the honor as so Qi, Rong Rong is not, nor shame shame. Why zai? Stand Boulevard, watching for the fundamental, life and death, right and wrong, and poor, honor, all the values of people, but also transient changes in the state also. The fundamental research, do not have the same no. This road is also known, is smooth and not very close to the heart of their movements, alternating sun and moon, heaven and earth shaking, the roaring wind and tsunami, thunder shock and equanimity. "
Confucius heard of it, Chueh has magpie, flying in the branches; felt had to fish, swim in the rivers and lakes: Jue has to bee, nectar flowers; feel has aroused, the old Dan Dao. Heart can not help but mine Mitac, said: "My volunteer work, 40 and middle age, good luck to know why this fifty-one thing is wrong! Made me magpie magpie nature of the technology is smooth, I made the smooth nature of fish and fish-based , made me bee bee of the technology is smooth, smooth is made I am a man of humanity and. magpie, fish, bee, is different, however conform to the natural changes in nature are the same; smooth nature of change, that is, along opposite direction too; sustains different among the Immortals in the realm of common ground, then together in the road also. my day seeking a road, do not know if that is My body,! "Yanba, up goodbye.
Saint death
Old Dan longevity, more than 160 years passed away, neighbors are to offer condolences. Old people crying, crying as his son; few are crying, crying as his mother. I read people's nature along with feelings of the people, aloof, gentle kindness kindly treat the monks, are not self-sad victory.
Qin Yi old friend Dan to offer condolences to spiritual side I do not kneel are not to worship, hand over to pay tribute, and wept three times basis. To let it turn back, the neighbors stopped by asked: "You are almost non-I friends?" Qin Yi replied; "Of course." Neighbors: "The only friends as I so fickle little ceremony, I am?" Qin Yi Road; "Why not?" neighbors heard this, the anger turn, loudly accusing Road: "The reason for that?" Qin Yi smiled and said: "Amigos old Dan has made, students are not happy, not dead sad. Ruke almost smell? once the students are old Dan, from no to yes, gather breath, when along come together Ziranzhili what hi zai? old Dan's death today, by a return-free, casual gas and destroy, clockwise away, together Ziranzhili too. What sad indeed? born of joy, is that improper hi and hi are; death sorrow who is sad and tragic that the improper also, when released in your life, death, time afraid of death, all are born with our own wishes and insist, insist die also, are either already back Ziranzhili and feeling too. If Department safety sometimes, then the funeral music can not enter too. and back naturally, against the justice, cooperation in Road Down? substandard in Road, can be almost as old friend Dan? old friend Dan who follow his words and action, were also along on the opposite direction. I not only for the old Friends of Dan, so can physical and chemical conditions, it is not sad. "
Neighbors heard of it, seems to have realized, asked: "You are not sad, why crying three times?" Qin Yi smiles: "I cried three times, not because of sad too, is also bidding farewell to the old Dan. One, made by his students and seasonal, co-Ziranzhili also. II, made its seasonal death, together Ziranzhili too; on the 3rd, made its way in the Shi-Chuan natural inaction, combined Ziranzhili too. Old Dan give full and seasonal, moving only the Hop, I what sad indeed? "all the neighbors heard of old Dan Jie Yan Qin Yi is really friendly, so the person pushing the main burial. When the soil together, Qin Yi Chung condolence: "The old Dan Story, for good, God tour Datong, ages Liufang."
B I the people
What is the history of the Lao people? Years of his life in the end, when? These are problems that we are not sure of. However, I image, but we are more familiar. (This is because we have access to education or access to a time when common sense, not only adopted a controversial point of view)
A I Who?
"Records I Biography" contains: "I who, Chu, Li County, Township, bitter song renli people. Surnamed Lee, famous ears, the word boyang, posthumous said, Dan, Zhou Shou-storage room of history also." However, Sima Qian said the legend of its people on the I, there are three: a son that I was old Lai; two that I said Tai Shi Dan; 3 that I was addicts. Several descendants of this view have a different point of view, lead to long-term controversy.
B I image
In our ordinary man, I is the founder of Taoism, or representative (on that argument, I have reservations. I even a real person, he may not have a founding "Taoism" of intent). In Taoism, Lao Tzu is Lord Lao Zi, is the Taoist "leader."
2. Title. Also known as the "Tao Te Ching." ("The moral" is the title later, the first book I called "I" without "the moral" in the name. See Baidu Encyclopedia "the moral" clause (http://baike.baidu.com/lemma-php/ dispose/view.php/16516.htm) a book of its more controversial over the past decade, still not sure, but according to the Bamboo Slips Unearthed in 1993, "I"'s projections, at least in the book is written in the early Warring States Period.
A version of the problem
Since a book since I version of the large number of (version, in Chinese, probably refers to books printed since the invention of printing edition. So, woodblock printing, movable type printing of books have version. However, silk, simple books or other form version of the book is also the problem then? as bamboo and silk hand-written books generally, it can be called a version, I'm not sure, please point out. Perhaps academics will also be in the form of bamboo and silk are also known as version I, but we are not the manuscript known as the book.) Now, we generally refer to Wang Bi Tongxing Ben said this, Fu Yi this.
B I Notes
"I" is not only a number of versions is ancient commentators constantly. We always felt that modern people read it there obstacles, which is written on the first. Such obstacles can be resolved with predecessors and today all of the "I" in the Explanatory Note in the form of text interpretation. On the other hand can be said about ideological barriers, on the "I" is not the idea expressed by everyone recognized or understood. (See, for moral Concert Forum http://bbs.daode.biz/viewthread.php?tid=2612)
Chinese tea ceremony and Taoism
Section Heaven
Chinese tea ceremony absorption of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism's ideological essence. Buddhist emphasis on "Zen tea blindly" to tea help Zen tea liturgy and ceremony, from the tea taste of bitter silence, it is also the tea ceremony into the Buddhist Zen, this tea to the tea ceremony for the self-cultivation means to achieve clear heart see the purpose of good. The Taoist doctrine of tea was the tea ceremony into a "Heaven and one" philosophy, the soul has _set_ a tea ceremony. At the same time, it also provides a respect for nature, advocating simplicity, advocating ideas and aesthetics are really born again, your health, and health ideas.
A man of nature
Huai huoshiquan Cold Food, the temples fallen Fallen wire Zen Ou of spring prior to John Hong, Wan Li Fung Italy has it. Encounters of Xu still available, not to be asked Qunxian Penglai.
Poets Huai huoshiquan brewing tea, facing falling flower tea, tea cup of spring as a permanent fragrant in the hearts of poets, while Miles is sent to the poet sleepwalking breeze Guanyin and Yuhuachengxian, iQue Penglai three mountains, visible man of natural extreme. Tea person only to the realm of the natural order of the natural character for his character to the sound of boiling water from the teapot to hear the breathing naturally, to their own "natural instinct" to close, to fit the object naturally, can come to understand the tea ceremony, Gods, Human.
Second, people who Naturalization
"Naturalized" and also the personification of all things of nature, humanity. China tea has absorbed the Taoist ideas of all things natural as a human character, emotion, and allowing others to communicate with each other for spiritual beings, so in the eyes of Chinese tea, nature air, water, plants and trees is a stone of a sand extraordinarily sweet, extraordinarily friendly.
Chinese tea ceremony, the natural vegetation in the landscape of not only the people of the environment such as tea, but also includes people of tea and tea _set_s.
People on the border of tea, tea added to the tea's taste. Cao loose tea as "sitting on Cangshan by" bad after tea invite "a seat at Castle Peak," Lu Guimeng tea, "according to Lu-chi I open sunny wind," Li Ying tea "clouds are protecting Youren cut," Sarkozy has goods tea "before the first sunny valley called the cuckoo," Cao Xueqin Tea "King Parrot call tea", Bai tea "Wild Musk Lin He is Friendship", in the eyes of tea, on friendship, mountain love, the wind affectionate, affectionate cloud , all of nature is a good friend of tea. Poet Du Fu wrote a poem sun_set_ tea platform, spring sip tea time.
Stone Lanna oblique point pen, sit poems FE could be served.
Fei Ming Yi truss, dragonflies stand fishing line.
Since the Sun today, Xing, and from no on.
Poet of nature and all natural combination of the scenes, dynamic and static, sensual and elegant virtual and real.
Su has a tea of the poem:
Spirit Mountain Spirit wet clouds and rain, washing powder evenly over the Hong muscle.
Moon to cast Tamagawa son, Qing Wu Linchun breaking wind.
Heart good to know that snow is not the first face new anointing oil.
Humorous verses Jun Mo laughed, never Jiaming like beautiful woman.
Because of Taoism "Heaven" in the spirit of philosophy into the tea ceremony among the tea in China was filled with strong love of nature, the Chinese tea have a return to nature, the strong desire to be close to nature, so Chinese tea people can best appreciate the "love to sees the world," the passion and "I find the center Yao Ming Crane" to achieve the kind and nature "thing I Mystery Club" excellent experience.
Section II of the Taoist philosophy Chinese ceremony
First, respect for human
Chinese tea ceremony, the respect of people's thinking in the form of expression is common in the naming of the tea and the tea of understanding. People used to have tea tray covered cup called the "Three Powers Cup." Cup holder for the "land", the lid is "days", cup "man." Mean big, big way, even worse. If the cups, trays, lids end up with tea, a cup of this approach is called the "three powers one"
Second, your students
Your health is for the tea ceremony into the utilitarianism of Taoist thought. In the Taoist your health, health, music students under the influence of ideology, the Chinese tea ceremony in particular focus on "power tea", that tea-oriented health care functions, and builds character and function.
Taoist tea does not care about the rules too much, but the purpose of students from the health of your starting line of tea to encourage successful internal force. Such as Ma Yu's a "long thought Ren Tea" wrote: shot of tea, two guns tea, offering movement off-fame home, no sleep is not as bad. Inaction tea, natural tea and a gift off the heart and Taoism, the sleepless power lines increases. Visible, Taoist tea and secular people interested in fame and fortune tea different from those who seek material gains were Lu tea will sleep, suggesting that their mental state too bad. The tea is a godsend to the Taoist an alcohol sen exposed, drink tea and more spiritual, not Dao sleepiness on more enlightenment, adding skill and Daoxing.
Taoist skilled are regarded more as a tea to forget the Red trouble, ignoring the spirit of a great pleasure pleasure. In this regard, one of the Bai Yu Wuzu Southern Sect of Taoism in "Prelude to Water Wing tea" in the term was very wonderful.
February some rain last night clap of thunder.
Flag fight gun show, Spring Creek built precedence Quebec.
Taken branches Qiaogua with dew and smoke crushing, refining for Zijin heap.
Grind unlimited spring break, Green launched into dust.
Learn the new spring, live fire cooking, try in the future, down rabbit hair ou son, taste the tongue back.
Wake up in Qingzhou, fighting back quot million, less than a dream balcony.
Two axillary breeze on, I want the Penglai.
3, Oblivion
"Oblivion" is a Taoist in the tea ceremony in order to achieve "to empty very, keep quiet Benedict" To put forward the realm of static Famennian. I thought under the influence, the Chinese tea ceremony, the "static" as the "Four Noble Truths" one. How to make your mind up time in the tea, "a private not leave", spotless, a jump to the ethereal realm does not exist? Taoism is also provided for the tea ceremony, the key to meditation, which is called "Oblivion", that is, to forget their own flesh, to forget their smart. Tea to promote communication between man and nature, to melt the boundaries between things with and "eliminate Yuen Kam," "Jerneh taste like" the sight, are available through "Oblivion" to achieve.
4, no self
Taoist informal ethical code, pure harmony with nature, broad-minded attitude of Carefree is the life skills of Chinese tea. Taoist said, "no self" is the tea ceremony in the pursuit of "no." Without me, not physically eliminate self, but devoid of matter from the spirit of my opposition to fit the natural heart is satisfied everything. "No I" is a Chinese tea ceremony on the highest state of mind to pursue, in recent years across the Taiwan Strait tea frequent co-organized the international "no" tea, Japan, South Korea is also actively involved in tea, which is on the "no" state a useful attempt.
5, Imitation of Nature, which leads
Chinese tea ceremony emphasizes "Imitation of Nature", contains a substance, behavior, mental three levels. Substances, the Chinese tea ceremony, said: "Tea in the south of Ka wood." Gift of nature's "Jane Kodama bud" in the tea, tea, tea must be the laws of nature can be output of good tea, behavior, pay attention to the Chinese tea ceremony activities at the tea things, everything should be natural for the United States, to simple for the United States, moving then, smooth, quiet, such as mountain rock, laughing is like flowers in Spring since the opening, made the appeal as spring Yin, a show of hands, every move she makes, smiles, from the bottom should be natural, let's minds, no pretensions.
Spirit, the Imitation of Nature, which leads to performance for his heart is completely liberated, so that his state of mind be quiet, tranquil, lonely, inactive, so that their minds filled with tea, as if their integration with the universe, sublimation to "no" level.
Book contents are Confucianism, Taoism I Ching is a form of theory. It should be the Confucian Book of the unity of family theory.
Imitation of Nature
The essence of Chinese culture wisdom:
Living wisdom to grasp and control them
Comprehend hardness and softness of the coping strategies
Institute of relaxed natural _select_ion is good or poor
Causal effect of feeling good and bad fortune Xiang Yi
One Life to create static state of ankle
Promote enterprise development to management
The essence of Confucianism and Taoism - "benevolence" based, is the root of the harmonious development of enterprises
"Righteousness" and educating people, can cultivate team spirit
The "ceremony" hospitality, winning relationships, access to corporate reputation
The "wisdom" is expensive, and innovative, evolving
To "trust" as you, who without the letter, I wonder if it could, is believed to be life of the country, Industrial way
Taoist wisdom -
Announced after U.S. President Ronald Reagan took office, "Principles of Road" as the guiding ideology, Li Wei International ... ... "moral", a known human history, handed down the great classic, which _set_ trade routes, soldiers Road, government, humans, Heaven ... ... as one, carrying the Chinese nation's most profound cultural crystallization of the wisdom of the most brilliant Chinese civilization, as emperors, generals, scholars advocated by Yin Shi. Harmonious world, in order to tract. Grasp the "Imitation of Nature" natural philosophy, thought to play a profound wisdom to explore the true meaning of life, philosophy of life skills, business management, "Boulevard" opens tomorrow Road trade routes of humanity, truly Tao Yu surgery, Saints and External Wang.
Zen Wisdom and Business Ethics -
Zen is a deep understanding of the nature of care implied, and the start and started to get along with this way of life, aesthetic taste, beyond the spirit of the Zen Clarity lofty realm of the spirit of the introduction to the enterprise, to establish their own ethical system of enterprises, truly excellence in corporate governance, leadership of peak reproduction.
|