dào jiā lèi shōu lù gǔ dài dào jiā jí dào jiào de shū， rú《 lǎo zǐ zhù》、《 zhōu yì cān tóng qì》 děng。
xiān qín shí qī de yī gè sī xiǎng pài bié， yǐ lǎo zǐ、 zhuāng zǐ wéi zhù yào dài biǎo。 dào jiā de sī xiǎng chóng shàng zì rán， yòu biàn zhèng fǎ de yīn sù hé wú shén lùn de qīng xiàng， tóng shí zhù zhāng qīng jìng wú wéi， fǎn duì dǒu zhēng。
dào jiā lì shǐ qǐ yuán
dào jiā sī xiǎng de hé xīn shì “ dào ”， rèn wéi“ dào”， shì yǔ zhòu de běn yuán， yě shì tǒng zhì yǔ zhòu zhōng yī qiē yùn dòng de fǎ zé。 lǎo zǐ céng zài tā de zhù zuò zhōng shuō：“ yòu wù hùn chéng， xiān tiān dì shēng。 xiāo hē！ liáo hē！ dú lì 'ér bù gǎi， kě yǐ wéi tiān dì mǔ。 wú wèi zhī qí míng， qiáng míng zhī yuē dào”（《 lǎo zǐ》 dì 25 zhāng）
" tài shǐ gōng " sī mǎ qiān de fù qīn xī hàn tài shǐ lìng sī mǎ tán céng xiě guò míng wéi《 lùn liù jiā yào zhǐ》 yī wén， bǎ xiān qín xué pài gài kuò wéi dào、 rú、 mò、 míng、 fǎ、 yīn yáng liù jiā， bìng chǎn shù liǎo liù jiā yào zhǐ hé dé shī。 tā shuō：“ dào jiā shǐ rén jīng shén zhuān yī， dòng hé wú xíng， shàn zú wàn wù。 qí wéi shù yě， yīn yīn yáng zhī dà shùn， cǎi rú mò zhī shàn， cuō míng fǎ zhī yào， yǔ shí qiān yí， yìng wù biàn huà， lì sú shī shì， wú suǒ bù yí， zhǐ yuē 'ér yì cǎi， shì shǎo 'ér gōng duō。”“ qí shù yǐ xū wú wéi běn， yǐ yīn xún wéi yòng。 wú chéng yì， wú cháng xíng， gù néng jiū wàn wù zhī qíng。 bùwèi wù xiān， bùwèi wù hòu， gù néng wéi wàn wù zhù。”
xī hàn chū nián， hàn wén dì、 hàn jǐng dì yǐ dào jiā sī xiǎng zhì guó， shǐ rén mín cóng qín cháo kē zhèng zhōng dé yǐ xiū yǎng shēng xī。 lì shǐ chēng zhī wéi wén jǐng zhī zhì。 qí hòu， rú jiā xué zhě dǒng zhòng shū xiàng hàn wǔ dì tí chàng“ bà chù bǎi jiā， dú zūn rú shù” de zhèng cè， bìng bèi hòu shì dì wáng cǎi nà。 dào jiā cóng cǐ chéng wéi fēi zhù liú sī xiǎng。 suī rán dào jiā bìng wèi bèi guān fāng cǎi nà， dàn jì xù zài zhōng guó gǔ dài sī xiǎng de fā zhǎn zhōng bàn yǎn zhòng yào juésè。 wèi jìn xuán xué， sòng míng lǐ xué dū róu hé liǎo dào jiā sī xiǎng fā zhǎn 'ér chéng。 fó jiào chuán rù zhōng guó hòu， yě shòu dào liǎo dào jiā de yǐng xiǎng， chán zōng zài zhū duō fāng miàn shòu dào liǎo zhuāng zǐ de qǐ fā。 dào jiā zài xiān qín gè xué pài zhōng， suī rán méi yòu rú jiā hé mò jiā zhè me duō de mén tú， dì wèi yě bù rú rú jiā chóng gāo。 dàn suí zhe lì shǐ de fā zhǎn， dào jiā sī xiǎng yǐ qí dú tè de yǔ zhòu、 shè huì hé rén shēng lǐng wù， zài zhé xué sī xiǎng shàng chéng xiàn chū yǒng héng de jià zhí yǔ shēng mìng lì。
dào jiā sī xiǎng hòu lái bèi zhāng lǔ de wǔ dǒu mǐ dào děng zōng jiào xī shōu， bìng yǎn biàn chéng zhōng guó de zhòng yào zōng jiào zhī yī héng héng dào jiào。 wèi jìn fēng liú zài qīng tán xuán xué shí gèng zhuózhòng liàn dān。 yīn cǐ， dào jiā yǔ dào jiào cháng bèi rén hùn xiáo。 ( zhāng lǔ， yòu chēng zhāng dào líng，“ wǔ dǒu mǐ dào” de chuàng lì zhě， yě bèi rèn wéi shì dào jiào de chuàng shǐ zhě）。
dào jiā jī běn guān diǎn
dào jiā zhé xué shǒu xiān bǎi tuō rú jiā shè huì zhé xué de jìn lù， zhí jiē cóng tiān dào yùn xíng de yuán lǐ cè miàn qiē rù， kāi zhǎn liǎo yǐ zì rán yì、 zhōng xìng yì wéi zhù de " dào " de zhé xué。 tiān dào yùn xíng yòu qí zì rán 'ér rán de yuán lǐ zài， dào de zhé xué jí zài jiě míng cǐ yī yuán lǐ xìng nèi hán， ér dé yǐ tí chū yī gè huó pō zì zài de shì jiè kōng jiān。 tòu guò duì cǐ yī shì jiè yùn xíng zhì xù zhī wú dìng xiàn、 wú zhí zhe de rèn shí， dào jiā zhé xué fā zhǎn chū jiǒng rán bù tóng yú rú jiā de shè huì zhé xué， shè huì zhǐ shì yī fāng cún zài de kè tǐ， zài qí zhōng shēng cún de rén men， yìng yòu qí dú lì zì cún de zì yóu xìng， ér bù shòu rèn hé yì shí xíng tài de shù fù。 jī běn shàng dào jiā zhé xué bìng bù fǒu dìng rú jiā de shè huì lǐ xiǎng， dàn duì yú shè huì zé rèn de tài dù bìng bù xiān cún lì chǎng， ér néng yòu gèng zūn zhòng rén lèi zì zhù xìng de tài dù yǔ cún zài dìng wèi。
dào jiā zhòng shì rén xìng de zì yóu yǔ jiě fàng。 jiě fàng yī fāng miàn shì rén de zhī shí néng lì de jiě fàng， lìng fāng miàn shì rén de shēng huó xīn jìng de jiě fàng， qián zhě tí chū liǎo“ wéi xué rì yì、 wéi dào rì sǔn”、“ cǐ yì yī shì fēi bǐ yì yī shì fēi” de rèn shí yuán lǐ， hòu zhě tí chū liǎo“ qiān”、“ ruò”、“ róu”、“ xīn zhāi”、“ zuò wàng”、“ huà dié” děng de shēng huó gōng fū lái miàn duì shì jiè。 dào jiā jiǎng jiū“ rén tiān hé yī”、“ rén tiān xiāng yìng”、“ wéi 'ér bù zhēng、 lì 'ér bù hài”，“ xiū zhī yú shēn， qí dé nǎi zhēn”， " xū xīn shí fù "、“ chéng tiān dì zhī zhèng， ér yù liù qì zhī biàn， yǐ yóu wú qióng”， " fǎ yú yīn yáng， yǐ pǔ yìng rǒng， yǐ jiǎn yìng fán。 " děng děng。
yòu xué zhě rèn wéi， dào jiā de shè huì zhé xué bù shì jìn qǔ de， jī jí de， yīn wéi shè huì zhǐ shì tiān dào de guò chéng， ér bù shì mùdì běn shēn。 dào jiā rèn wéi rú jiā de shè huì lǐ xiǎng shì hé lǐ de， dàn bù shì jué duì de， yīn cǐ jī běn shàng bìng bù xū yào tí chū yī tào jué dìng xìng de shè huì lǐ xiǎng， yīn wéi tiān dào biàn huà， běn shēn wú suǒ wèi jué duì de shì fēi shàn 'è zhī xìng néng， yīn 'ér dào jiā qiáng diào dé gèng duō de shì zài shè huì zhōng shēng cún de zhì huì yuán lǐ， ér qiě zhè zhǒng zhì huì bì xū shì néng yìng zài rèn hé lì shǐ qíng jìng de shè huì zhī zhōng dū xíng zhī yòu xiào de shēng cún zhī dào。 yě jiù yīn wéi dào jiā de shè huì zhé xué bù yǐ zì jǐ fā zhǎn guī gé wéi zhù， ér qiáng diào yìng duì de zhì huì， yīn cǐ lì yú rén men xiū yǎng shēng xī de xū qiú， gù 'ér ràng hàn chū de huáng lǎo zhī zhì yòu liǎo shí yàn de lǐ lùn jī chǔ。 tóng shí yě 'ān dìng liǎo qiān bǎi nián lái zhōng guó shì dà fū shī yì yú rú jiā běn wèi de guān chǎng wén huà zhī hòu， yě néng yòu yī guǎng dà de xīn xìng shì jiè yǐ shùn suì rén shēng。
dào jiā de zhé xué sī xiǎng
zhòng yào zhé xué jiā zhī sī xiǎng
dào jiā de lǐ lùn diàn dìng yú lǎo zǐ， lǎo zǐ《 dào dé jīng》 yī shū shàng xià wǔ qiān yán， zì zì zhū jī， shū zhōng guǎng lùn dào de xíng shàng xué yì、 rén shēng zhì huì yì， tí chū yī zhǒng yòu wù hùn chéng qiě dú lì zì cún zhī zì rán yǔ zhòu qǐ yuán lùn， yě tí chū shì jiè cún zài yǔ yùn xíng yuán lǐ shì " fǎn zhě dào zhī dòng " de běn tǐ lùn sī xiǎng， duì yú cún huó yú qí zhōng de rén lèi 'ér yán， qí yìng xué xí de jiù shì chǔshì de zhì huì， yú shì lǎo zǐ yě tí chū liǎo zhòng duō de zhèng zhì、 shè huì yǔ rén shēng zhé xué guān diǎn chū lái， dàn zhòng diǎn dōuzài bǎo shēn xiū shēn 'ér bù zài wén míng de kāi chuàng， kě yǐ shuō tā shì yǐ yī tào zōng běn yú zhì huì zhī dào de shè huì zhé xué yǔ lǐ lùn lái yìng duì hùn luàn de shì jú， ér wú yì zhì zào shè huì de xīn qì xiàng， yīn wéi nà xiē dōubù shì dà dào zhī běn。
zhuāng zǐ shì lǎo zǐ zhī hòu dào jiā lǐ lùn zuì zhòng yào kāi chuàng zhě， dào jiā zhé xué jī běn shàng yě jiù shì lǎo zhuāng 'èr xíng 'ér yǐ。 zhuāng zǐ de dào jiā xué bù tóng yú lǎo xué zhī chù， zài yú zhuāng zǐ gèng xiáng jìn dì chǔlǐ liǎo rén yǔ zì rán de guān xì、 rén de kě kāi chuàng néng lì， bāo kuò zhì huì shàng、 rèn shí néng lì shàng、 shēn tǐ néng liàng shàng děng děng。 zhuāng zǐ tóng yàng zhàn zài tiān dào zì rán de mìng tí jī chǔ shàng， tí chū liǎo cóng rén de zì wǒ xiū yǎng dào miàn duì zhěng gè shè huì guó jiā de chǔshì zhī dào， zhuāng zǐ shū nèi qī piān zhī zuò， jiù shì tā cóng shì jiè guān dào zhī shí lùn dào gōng fū lùn dào shè huì zhé xué de nèi shèng wài wáng zhī dào de lǐ lùn。
liè zǐ， zhàn guó shí rén。 xiàn cún yòu de《 liè zǐ》 bā piān shì dōng jìn zhāng zhàn suǒ ji yī bān rèn wéi gāi shū fǎn yìng liǎo zhàn guó zhì wèi jìn jiān de sī xiǎng。《 liè zǐ》 cóng dào jiā sī xiǎng chū fā bìng duì dào jiā sī xiǎng zhōng wú wéi de rén shēng guān yòu suǒ gǎi zào qiáng diào rén zài zì rán tiān dì jiān de jī jí zuò yòng bìng rèn wéi rén zài yī zhǒng bù rèn qiǎngshǐ lì de shēng cún zhuàng tài xià， bù yōu tiān bù wèi tiān cái shì zuì hǎo de shēng cún zhuàng tài。
wáng bì， sān guó shí dài rén。 dāng liǎng hàn jīng xué de fā zhǎn yǐ dào wěi shēng， shè huì zhèng zhì yī zhí zài dòng luàn yǔ bù yì de qíng jìng zhōng， zhī shí fèn zǐ zhuànxiàng xuán xué qīng tán de fēng qì， wáng bì yǐ qí duì lǎo zǐ zhé xué de shēnqiè tǐ wù， zhù jiě lǎo zǐ《 dào dé jīng》 yī shū， zhòng tǐ yòng zhī fēn yòu wú zhī bié bù dàn fā zhǎn chū quán shì lǎo xué de zōng zhǐ： " guì wú " de jīng shén， bìng yǐ cǐ yuán lǐ zhù jiě《 yì jīng》， shèn zhì hái yīn cǐ gǎi biàn liǎo cóng hàn yì yǐ lái yán xiàng shù yì xué de qì huà yǔ zhòu lùn 'ér jiāng yì jīng de yán jiū fāng xiàng dài zhī yǐ chún cuì xuán xué sī xiǎng shǐ zhōng guó yì xué shǐ zǒu xiàng yī gè zhǎn xīn de jú miàn。
guō xiàng， xī jìn rén， yǐ《 zhuāng zǐ zhù》 wén míng， zhù zhāng“ dú huà” lǐ lùn shì yī zhǒng cóng gāo dù chōu xiàng sī wéi dāng zhōng suǒ fā zhǎn chū lái dídí xuán xué shì gài niàn lǐ lùn rèn wéi yǔ zhòu wàn wù dū shēng yú 'ǒu rán de " xuán míng " jìng jiè yīn cǐ tí chàng yī zhǒng wù wú dà xiǎo gè shùn qí shì zhī jīng shén， píng děng zūn zhòng měi yī gè shēng mìng de rén shēng guān。
dào jiā fā zhǎn shí qī
yòu xué zhě rèn wéi， dào jiā qǐ yuán yìng wéi yuǎn gǔ de yǐn shì chuán tǒng， dāng rán yě yòu xué zhě shuō lǎo zǐ shì qīng miào zhī shǒu， zǒng zhī， dào jiā de qǐ yuán jué bù shì shè huì zhèng zhì de jī jí cānyù zhě， tā men cóng bàng guān chá shì jú， rèn zhēn sī suǒ yǔ zhòu de zhēn xiàng， shǐ yòng zhe chōu xiàng dù gāo qiě bù dài yì shí xíng tài de zhí zhe de yǔ yán， miáo shù tiān dào yǔ rén shì biàn huà de fǎ zé， shǔ yú yuán lǐ xìng yán jiū de céng cì shì tā men de zhuān cháng。 dāng xiān qín de lǎo zhuāng 'èr zǐ zǒng shè zhěng lǐ liǎo dào jiā sī xiǎng de gāng lǐng zhī hòu， dào jiā xíng shàng sī xiǎng de shēn dù lì kè yǐng xiǎng liǎo rú jiā yǔ fǎ jiā de xíng shàng sī xiǎng， rú jiā《 yì chuán》 zhī zuò yǔ hán fēi zǐ《 jiě lǎo》 zhī zuò dū shì zài qí lǐ lùn jī chǔ shàng jiàn lì qǐ lái de xīn shuō。 dàn shì zài shè huì zhèng zhì de shí jì yǐng xiǎng lì shàng， lǎo zǐ zhī xué yào dào hàn chū huáng lǎo zhī zhì de shí shī hòu cái zhèng shì bèi shì yàn zhe， yīn wéi zài dié jīng chūn qiū、 zhàn guó、 miè qín、 chǔ hàn zhī zhēng zhī shè huì zhàn luàn zhōng gào tíng zhǐ zhī shí， rén men zhōng yú fā xiàn zhēng qiáng dǒu zhēng de hài chù yǐ jí xiū yǎng shēng xī de zhòng yào， yú shì lǎo xué yuán lǐ de zhèng zhì zhé xué guān diǎn suì bèi zhòng shì。 děng dào xī hàn qiáng shèng， jūn wáng kāi shǐ hàodàxǐgōng， zhēng zhàn de suì yuè zài dù qǐ mù， shí dài de fēng qì zài dù zhuǎn biàn， rán hòu yě zài dù bài huài， děng dào wèi jìn qīng tán zhī fēng qǐ， dào jiā zhé xué yòu kāi shǐ liǎo tā de shēng mìng lì， hé yàn、 wáng bì shǒu kāi qí fēng， wáng bì gèng yǐ jiǎn jié yòu lì de zhù jīng zhī zuò， cóng lǐ lùn shàng shēn rù dào jiā zhī xué bìng yú yǐ chǎn fā， ér xiàng xiù、 guō xiàng zé fā zhǎn zhuāng xué de zhù shì gōng zuò。 wèi jìn zhī hòu， dào jiā sī xiǎng bìng wèi yòu xiān míng de chuàng zào chuán tǒng zhī zài xiàn， dàn shì dào jiā sī xiǎng de lǐ lù què zhuǎn wéi dào jiào、 yì xué yǔ rú xué lǐ lùn de kāi chuàng suǒ jiè yòng de zhòng yào qǐ shì， yóu qí shì yuán zì zhuāng zǐ de qì huà yǔ zhòu guān， gèng bèi guǎng fàn qiě shēn dù dì zài kāi fā zhe。 ér tóng yī shí qī de fó xué chuán bō， yì céng yòu yī duàn xiāng dāng cháng de shí jiān shì yǐ dào jiā“ wú” de zhì huì yuán lǐ lái biǎo dá de， cǐ jí shì chēng“ gé yì fó xué” shí qī。
dào jiā duì zhōng guó wén huà de gòng xiàn
dào jiā duì zhōng guó wén huà de gòng xiàn shì yǔ rú jiā tóng děng zhòng yào， zhǐ shì zài zhèng zhì sī xiǎng shàng yī wéi biǎo xiǎn yī wéi guǒ cáng zhī bié 'ér yǐ。 ér dào jiā zài lǐ lùn néng lì shàng de shēn hòu dù yǔ biàn zhèng xìng， zé wéi zhōng guó zhé xué sī xiǎng zhōng suǒ yòu qí tā chuán tǒng tí gōng liǎo chuàng zào lì de quán yuán。 zhì yú dào jiā wén huà zài zhōng guó yì shù、 huì huà、 wén xué、 diāo kè děng gè fāng miàn de yǐng xiǎng， zé shì zhàn jù jué duì xìng de yōu shì zhù dǎo dì wèi， jí shǐ shuō zhōng guó yì shù de biǎo xiàn jí wéi dào jiā yì shù de biǎo xiàn yì bùwèi guò。 dāng rán， dào jiā zhé xué duì zhōng guó zhèng zhì huó dòng yě tí gōng liǎo huó luò de kōng jiān， shǐ dé zhōng guó zhī shí fèn zǐ bù huì yīn zhe yòu tài qiáng de rú jiā běn wèi de zhèng zhì lǐ xiǎng 'ér zhí zhe yú guān chǎng de zhuī zhú yǔ xìng mìng de tóu rù， ér néng gèng qīng sōng dì fā xiàn jìn tuì zhī dào， lǐ jiě chū rù zhī jiān de zhì huì。
duì dào jiā de lǐ jiě
dào kě dào fēi cháng dào， míng kě míng fēi cháng míng。
zhè liǎng jù huà shì lǎo zǐ zuì gāo shēn de sī xiǎng， dàn qí shí yě shì zuì qiǎn xiǎn de dào lǐ。
qí shí liǎng jù huà shì yī gè yì sī。
shí jì chāi fēn， yīnggāi shì： dào， kě dào， fēi cháng dào。 yě kě yǐ chāi chéng： dào kě， dào fēi， cháng dào。 yì sī hěn jiǎn dān， dàn yě fēi cháng duō， jiù xiàng guài shí dà shān yī yàng， bù tóng de rén kàn dào de yě bù yī yàng。 méi yòu dìng lùn， zhè jiù shì dào dé jīng zuì xuán miào zuì gāo shēn de dì fāng， qí shí yě shì zhè jù huà de yì sī。
dào， tiān dì zhī dào。 kě dào， rén rén jiē kě dé dào。 fēi cháng dào， dàn shì jiān zhī dào jiē fēi yǒng héng zhī dào。（ yòu de bǎn běn wéi fēi héng dào） hé qǐ lái jiù shì： tiān dì zhī dào， shí jì nǎi shì rén rén jiē kě dé zhī dào， dàn shì jiān wàn wù， dào dào dào， jiē fēi héng dào。 hái bù gòu bái？ nà jiù zài bái yī xiē bā！
bái dīng fān yì wén： tiān wáng lǎo zǐ zhì dìng de guī zé， shí jì méi yòu nà me fù zá， rén rén zhǐ yào yòng xīn guān chá zhōu wéi， rè 'ài shēng huó、 xiǎng shòu shēng huó， jiù néng wù chū zhè gè“ xuán 'ér yòu xuán” de dào。 dàn shì bù yào wàng jì， shì jiè shàng suǒ yòu dào， dōubù shì yǒng héng de， suǒ yòu shì wù dōuyòu shēng， zì rán yě yòu sǐ。 lǎo zǐ de zhè běn dào dé jīng yě bù shì zhēn lǐ de huà shēn， zǎo wǎn yě huì bèi tuī fān qǔ dài。 ér shí jì shàng， zhè zhǒng shì jiān wú héng dào de dào lǐ， jiù shì tiān dì wàn wù zhī dào。
dào kě， dào fēi， cháng dào， qí shí yě dà zhì shì zhè gè dào lǐ。
dào kě， dào kě yǐ zuǒ yòu tiān dì wàn wù。
dào fēi， dàn shì zài dà de dào yě yòu bèi tuī fān、 bèi dǎ dǎo de shí hòu。
cháng dào， shì jiān wéi yī de cháng dào jiù shì cǐ dào， wàn wù jiē yòu shǐ yòu zhōng。
zhè liǎng zhǒng chāi fǎ de yì sī dōushì yī yàng de， qí shí nǐ kě yǐ shì shì， bǎ zhè liù gè zì， bù guǎn yòng shénme fāng fǎ chāi， yì sī dōushì yī yàng de， zhè yě jīng miào de yìng kòu liǎo dào jiā wàn wù xún huán、 tài jí cháng zhuǎn de zhōng xīn sī xiǎng。 zhè jiù shì lǎo zǐ de zuì dà zhì huì。
hē hē， qí shí lǎo zǐ de gēn běn sī xiǎng jiù shì zì wǒ、 píng cháng、 hé xié hé xún huán。
zhǐ yào nǐ kuài kuài lè lè、 píng píng 'ān 'ān、 kàn tòu zì wǒ、 bāo róng tā rén。
nǐ jiù yǐ jīng kě yǐ suàn shì lǎo zǐ de dì zǐ lā！
dào jiā chuàng shǐ rén jiè shào
. lǎo zǐ， gēn jù《 shǐ jì》 de jìzǎi， xìng lǐ， míng 'ěr， shì yuē dān， zì bó yáng， chǔ guó kǔ xiàn（ jīn wō yáng xiàn） rén。 yuē shēng huó yú qián 571 nián zhì 471 nián zhī jiān， céng zuò guò zhōu cháo de shǒu cáng shǐ。 lǎo zǐ shì wǒ guó rén mín shú zhī de yī wèi gǔ dài wěi dà sī xiǎng jiā， tā suǒ zhuàn shù de《 dào dé jīng》 kāi chuàng liǎo wǒ guó gǔ dài zhé xué sī xiǎng de xiān hé。 tā de zhé xué sī xiǎng hé yóu tā chuàng lì de dào jiā xué pài， bù dàn duì wǒ guó gǔ dài sī xiǎng wén huà de fā zhǎn， zuò chū liǎo zhòng yào gòng xiàn， ér qiě duì wǒ guó 2000 duō nián lái sī xiǎng wén huà de fā zhǎn， chǎn shēng liǎo shēn yuǎn de yǐng xiǎng。
lǎo zǐ jiàng shēng
gōng yuán qián 576 nián xià liù yuè， sòng guó guó jūn gòng gōng qù shì， yòu shī huá yuán zhí zhǎng guó zhèng。 yǐ zuǒ shī yú shí wéi shǒu de huán shì zōng zú jiǔ yòu móu zhèng zhī xīn， wú nài gòng gōng zài wèi， bù dé qí shǒu。 jīn jiàn gòng gōng qù shì， yù chéng jī qǐ shì。 yóu yú móu shì bù mì， zǒu lòu fēng shēng， bèi yǐ huá yuán wéi shǒu de dài shì zōng zú zhú chū sòng guó。 cǐ hòu， jí rèn xiàng róng wéi zuǒ shī、 lǎo zuǒ wéi sī mǎ、 lè yì wéi sī kòu； lì xīn jūn， zhè jiù shì sòng píng gōng。
yú shí shuài huán shì zōng zú yīháng 'èr bǎi yú rén táo wǎng chǔ guó， kè jū chǔ guó sān nián。 gōng yuán qián 573 nián xià liù yuè， chǔ guó qǐ bīng fá sòng， gōng kè sòng guó de péng chéng（ jīn jiāng sū xú zhōu）， fēng yú shí、 yú fǔ shǒu chéng， bìng liú xià sān bǎishèng zhàn chē xié zhù zhèn shǒu。
sòng píng wáng wèicǐ zhào cháo chén yì shì， wèn dào：“ dí qiáng wǒ ruò， chǔ bīng qīn zhàn péng chéng， shì wǒ xīn fù！ rú zuò shì bù lǐ， hòu huàn wú qióng！ shuí yuàn wèiwǒ bá cǐ yào sài？” huà yīn gāng luò， bān zhōng zǒu chū yī rén dào：“ yú chén yuàn wǎng！” píng wáng yī kàn， zhǐ jiàn cǐ rén shēn gāo zhàng 'èr， nóng méi dà yǎn， kuò sāi kuān jiān， wēi wǔ xióng jiàn， yuán lái shì sī mǎ lǎo zuǒ。 huá yuán biǎo shì yōu lǜ， duì píng wáng shuō：“ yú shí jiǎo zhà， yú fǔ xiōng cán， péng chéng pán jù zhe chǔ guó zhàn chē sān bǎi、 shǒu zú sān qiān， lì liàng hěn qiáng。 sī mǎ suī yì gāo dǎn dà、 gāng jiàn yǒng měng， kǒng nán bì shèng。” lǎo zuǒ jù lǐ shuō dào：“ yú shí， zhù shū zhī chóng yě； yú fǔ， fù jī zhī quǎn yě。 yòu hé jù zāi！ lǎo zuǒ yuàn xié jiā xiǎo yǐ wéi péng chéng， chéng bù kè chén bù guī！” píng wáng yǔn nuò。 qiǎn lǎo zuǒ wéi shàngjiàng jūn， shuài 'èr wàn rén mǎ qù shōu fù péng chéng。
huà shuō sòng guó wéi zhù péng chéng， rì yè gōng dǎ。 lǎo zuǒ yīng yǒng wēi wǔ， shēn xiān shì zú， shǐ dé sòng jūn shì qì dà zhèn， bù dào bàn yuè， péng chéng shǒu jūn biàn wēi zài dàn xī。 yī rì， yú shí、 yú fǔ zài chéng shàng dū zhàn， jiàn sòng jūn rén duō rú yǐ， gè gè fèn yǒng， jià tī dēng chéng， rén rén zhēng xiān； yòu jiàn yī yuán dàjiàng yín kuī yín jiá、 jīn gē bái mǎ， chí chěng yú jiāng chǎng zhī shàng， diào bīng qiǎn jiāng。 yī chǔ jiāng wèn dào：“ zhè wèi sòng jiāng shì shuí？” yú shí dá dào：“ shì xīn rèn sī mǎ、 wéi bīng zhù jiāng lǎo zuǒ。” chǔ jiāng fēn fēn yì lùn shuō：“ gōng chéng zhù jiāng， bù zài jūn hòu guān dí liǎo zhèn， què tū yú jūn qián zuǒ chí yòu chěng， zěn néng bù gǔ wǔ shì qì！ rú cǐ kàn lái， péng chéng tài wēi xiǎn liǎo！” dàn yú shí shì gè yòu xīn jì de rén， tā yòu duì bù xià shuō：“ shì jiāng chéng 'ér bài， shì jiāng bài 'ér chéng， lì shǐ shàng yòu bù shǎo lì zǐ， zěn zhī wǒ jūn bì bài？ lǎo zuǒ yīng yǒng xióng wǔ， shēn xiān shì zú， zhè shì tā chéng gōng zhī běn； gāng bì zì yòng， mù zhōng wú rén， zhè yòu shì tā shī bài zhī gēn。 yòu zěn zhī tā de jūn duì bì shèng？” chǔ jiāng wèn：“ zuǒ shī hǎo xiàng chéng zhú zài xiōng， yòu shénme hǎo jì cè？” yú shí huí dá shuō：“ liǎng jūn xiāng duì， shuài zài qián hái shì zài hòu， yào jiàn jī xíng shì。 xiàn zài sòng bīng gōng chéng， zhù jiāng tū chū zài qián， mào zhe jiàn shǐ 'ér chí chěng， zhè shì bīng jiā de dà jì yā！ wǒ yòu yī tiáo xiǎo jì， rú guǒ zhào jì xíng shì， sòng jūn chéng bài， hái hěn nán shuō。”
yuán lái yú shí shì ràng bù xià fàng 'àn jiàn， shè shā lǎo zuǒ， lǎo zuǒ zhèng zài jūn qián dū zhàn， hū rán fēi lái yī jiàn， rù xiōng wǔ cùn。 bù xìng zhuì mǎ shēn wáng。 sòng jūn qún lóng wú shǒu， kuì bù chéng jūn， sì sàn táo cuàn。
lǎo zuǒ juàn shǔ zhèng chù sòng yíng jūn zhàng zhōng， yòu shì nǚ、 shí shù jiā jiāng、 shù shí shì wèi。 hū wén lǎo zuǒ zhèn wáng， yòu jiàn kuì jūn rú cháo yǒng lái， zhòng jiā jiāng jí máng jià chē， bǎo lǎo fū rén bēn táo。 qiě zhàn qiě táo， zhì bàng wǎn， zhuī bīng suī yǐ bù jiàn， dàn lǎo fū rén shēn bàng jǐn shèng xià liǎng míng shì nǚ、 yī wèi jià chē jiā jiāng liǎo。 jiā jiāng bù gǎn shāo tíng， pī xīng dài yuè， mō hēi qián xíng， huāng bù zé lù， yán xī nán fāng xiàng bēn qù。 dì 'èr rì tiān míng shí fēn， lái dào yī gè piān pì cūn zhuāng， xiàng cūn mín wèn qù sòng dū zhī lù， jūn yáo tóu shuō bù zhī。 jiā jiāng zhǐ zhī yìng xiàng xī xíng， qǐ zhī zǎo yǐ piān nán。 yīháng sì rén rào xiǎo dào， xíng chéng qī rì， réng bù jiàn sòng dū， què lái dào liǎo chén guó xiāng yì（ jīn hé nán lù yì dōng）。 zhèng xíng zhī shí， lǎo fū rén tū jué fù zhōng téng tòng。 yuán lái lǎo fū rén yǐ yòu qī yuè shēn yùn， lǎo zuǒ wéi jiàn jūn qián nuò yán， yǐ bì shèng zhī xīn xié juàn chū zhēng。 cǐ shí bīng bài , lǎo fū rén yòu yòu sàng fū zhī bēi， wáng mìng tā guó， xīn zhōng jiāo lǜ， shēn tǐ pí láo， yǐ zhì fù zhōng tāi dòng， téng tòng nán rěn。 shì nǚ jīng huāng wú cuò， jiā jiāng máng tíng chē yú lù bàng， bēn zhì cūn zhōng xún yī lǎo fù qián lái。 bù guò jǐ kè shí guāng， zhǐ tīng péng chē zhī nèi xiǎng qǐ“ wā wā” kū shēng， yī gè zǎo chǎn nán yīng chū shì， zhè biàn shì lǎo zuǒ zhī zǐ ── lǎo zǐ。 lǎo zǐ jiàng shēng， tǐ ruò 'ér tóu dà， méi kuān 'ér 'ěr kuò， mù rú shēn yuān zhū qīng chè， bí hán shuāng liáng zhōng rú zhé。 yīn qí shuāng 'ěr zhǎngdà， gù qǐ míng wéi“ dān”； yīn qí chū shēng yú gēng yín hǔ nián（ gōng yuán qián 571 nián )， qīn lín men yòu hū zhī yuē xiǎo lí 'ér， jí“ xiǎo lǎo hǔ” zhī yì。 yīn jiāng huái jiànrén men bǎ“ māo” huàn zuò“ lí 'ér”， yīn tóng“ lǐ 'ěr”。 jiǔ 'ér jiǔ zhī， lǎo dān xiǎo míng“ lí 'ér” biàn chéng wéi dà míng“ lǐ 'ěr” yī dài yī dài chuán xià lái liǎo。
jiē shēng lǎo fù jiàn mǔ zǐ kě lián， ràng yī xíng wǔ kǒu zhù jìn zì jǐ jiā zhōng。 lǎo zhàng yǐ kāi yào diàn wéi shēng， chén xìng， rén chēng chén lǎo diē， suǒ yǐ dū chēng lǎo fù wéi chén mā mā。 chén mā mā xī xià wú 'ér wú nǚ， wéi rén hòu dào rè qíng， ràng chū sān jiān xī xiāng fáng， liú lǎo fū rén yī jiā jū zhù。 lǎo fū rén zài wēinàn zhī jì， yù cǐ shàn liáng zhī rén， xīn zhōng gǎn jī bù jìn； suī shuō zhàn luàn zhōng diān pèi liú lí， bì jìng chū yú dà hù rén jiā， suí shēn xié dài xì ruǎn shàng gòu dù rì。 jiā zhī jiā jiāng cháng bāng chén lǎo diē yíng shēng， èr wèi shì nǚ liào lǐ jiā wù， lǎo yòu wǔ kǒu， rì zǐ guò dé yě hái zī rùn。 cóng cǐ， sòng guó zhàn jiāng lǎo zuǒ de qī 'ér biàn zài chén guó zhù liǎo xià lái。
cōng yíng shàonián
lǎo dān zì yòu cōng huì， jìng sī hàoxué， cháng chán zhe jiā jiāng yào tīng guó jiā xīng shuāi、 zhàn zhēng chéng bài、 jì sì zhàn bǔ、 guān xīng cè xiàng zhī shì。 lǎo fū rén wàng zǐ chéng lóng， qǐng yī jīng tōng yīn shāng lǐ lè de shāng róng lǎo xiān shēng jiào shòu。 shāng róng tōng tiān wén dì lǐ， bó gǔ jīn lǐ yí， shēn shòu lǎo dān yī jiā jìng zhòng。
yī rì， shāng róng jiào shòu dào：“ tiān dì zhī jiànrén wéi guì， zhòng rén zhī zhōng wáng wéi běn。” lǎo dān wèn dào：“ tiān wèihé wù？” xiān shēng dào：“ tiān zhě， zài shàng zhī qīng qīng zhě yě。” lǎo dān yòu wèn：“ qīng qīng zhě yòu shì hé wù？” xiān shēng dào；“ qīng qīng zhě， tài kōng shì yě。”“ tài kōng zhī shàng， yòu shì hé wù？” xiān shēng dào：“ tài kōng zhī shàng， qīng zhī qīng zhě yě。”“ zhī shàng yòu shì hé wù？”“ qīng zhī qīng zhě zhī shàng， gèng wéi qīng qīng zhī qīng zhě yě。” lǎo dān yòu wèn。“ qīng zhě qióng jìn chù wèihé wù？” xiān shēng dào：“ xiān xián wèi chuán， gǔ jí wèi zài， yú shī bù gǎn wàng yán。” yè wǎn， lǎo dān yǐ qí yí huò wèn qí mǔ， mǔ bù néng dá； wèn jiā jiāng， jiā jiāng bù néng yán。 yú shì yǎng tóu guān rì yuè xīng chén， dī shǒu sī tiān shàng zhī tiān wèihé wù， chè yè bù néng mèi。
yòu yī rì， shāng lǎo xiān shēng jiào shòu dào：“ liù hé zhī zhōng， tiān dì rén wù cún yān。 tiān yòu tiān dào， dì yòu dì lǐ， rén yòu rén lún， wù yòu wù xìng、 yòu tiān dào， gù rì yuè xīng chén kě xíng yě； yòu dì lǐ， gù shān chuān jiāng hǎi kě chéng yě； yòu rén lún， gù zūn bēi cháng yòu kě fēn yě。 yòu wù xìng， gù cháng duǎn jiān cuì kě bié yě。” lǎo dān wèn dào：“ rì yuè xīng chén， hé rén tuī 'ér xíng zhī？ shān chuān jiāng hǎi， hé rén zào 'ér chéng zhī？ zūn bēi cháng yòu， hé rén dìng 'ér fēn zhī？ cháng duǎn jiān cuì， hé rén huá 'ér bié zhī？” xiān shēng dào：“ jiē shén suǒ wéi yě。” lǎo dān wèn dào。“ shén hé yǐ kě wéi yě？” xiān shēng dào：“ shén yòu biàn huà zhī néng。 zào wù zhī gōng， gù kě wéi yě。” lǎo dān wèn：“ shén zhī néng hé yóu 'ér lái？ shén zhī gōng hé shí 'ér bèi？” xiān shēng dào：“ xiān shī wèi chuán， gǔ jí wèi zài， yú shī bù gǎn wàng yán。” yè wǎn， lǎo dān yǐ qí yí huò wèn qí mǔ， mǔ bù néng dá。 wèn jiā jiāng， jiā jiāng bù néng yán。 yú shì shì wù 'ér sī， chù wù 'ér lèi， sān rì bù zhī fàn wèi。
yòu yī rì， shāng xiān shēng jiào shòu dào：“ jūn zhě， dài tiān lǐ shì zhě yě； mín zhě， jūn zhī suǒ yù zhě yě。 jūn bù xíng tiān yì zé fèi， mín bù shùn jūn mù zé zuì， cǐ nǎi zhì guó zhī dào yě。” lǎo dān wèn dào：“ mín shēng fēiwèi jūn yě， bù shùn jūn mù zé qí lǐ kě jiě。 jūn shēng nǎi tiān zhī yì yě， jūn bèi tiān yì shì hé dào lǐ？” xiān shēng dào：“ shén qiǎn jūn dài tiān lǐ shì。 jūn shēng zé rú jiāng zài wài yě； jiāng zài wài zé jūn mìng yòu suǒ bù shòu。 jūn chū shì zé tiān yì yòu suǒ bù lǐng。” lǎo dān wèn dào：“ shén yòu biàn huà zhī néng， zào wù zhī gōng， hé yǐ bù zào tīng mìng zhī jūn hū？” xiān shēng dào：“ xiān shèng wèi chuán， gǔ jí wèi zài， yú shī bù gǎn wàng yán。” yè wǎn， lǎo dān yǐ qí yí huò wèn qí mǔ， mǔ bù néng dá； wèn jiā jiāng， jiā jiāng bù néng yán。 yú shì qiú jiào xiāng yì zhī shì， tà biàn xiāng yì zhī tǔ， yù yǔ bù zhī shī， yíng fēng bù jué chuī。
yī rì， shāng lǎo xiān shēng jiào shòu dào：“ tiān xià zhī shì， hé wéi guì。 shī hé zé jiāo bīng， jiāo bīng zé xiāng cán， xiāng cán zé liǎng shāng， liǎng shāng zé yòu hài 'ér wú yì。 gù yǔ rén lì zé lì jǐ， yǔ rén huò zé huò jǐ。” lǎo dān wèn dào：“ tiān xià shī hé， bǎi xìng zhī dà hài yě， jūn hé yǐ bù zhì？” xiān shēng dào：“ mín zhēng， nǎi shī xiǎo hé yě； shī xiǎo hé zé dé xiǎo huò， rán 'ér jūn kě yǐ zhì yě。 guó zhēng， nǎi shī dà hé yě； shī dà hé zé dé dà huò， dà huò zhě， jūn zhī guò yě， hé yǐ zì zhì？” lǎo dān wèn：“ jūn bù kě zì zhì， shén hé yǐ bù zhì？” xiān shēng dào：“ xiān zhé wèi chuán， gǔ jí wèi zài， yú shī bù gǎn wàng yán。” yè wǎn， lǎo dān yǐ qí yí huò wèn qí mǔ， mǔ bù néng dá； wèn jiā jiāng， jiā jiāng bù néng yán。 yú shì， biàn fǎng xiāng yì zhī shì， biàn dú xiāng yì zhī shū， yù shǔ bù zhī shǔ， yù hán bù zhī hán。
rù zhōu qiú xué
shāng lǎo xiān shēng jiào shòu sān nián， lái xiàng lǎo fū rén cí xíng dào：“ lǎo fū shí qiǎn， dān 'ér sī mǐn， sān nián 'ér lǎo fū zhī xué shòu ??
jīn lái cí xíng， fēi lǎo fū jiào shòu wú zhōng yě， fēi dān 'ér xué zhī bù qín yě。 shí nǎi lǎo fū zhī xué yòu jìn。 dān 'ér qiú zhī wú qióng， yǐ yòu jìn gōng wú qióng， bù yì kùn hū？ dān 'ér， zhì yuǎn tú hóng zhī tóng yě； xiāng yì， piān pì bìsè zhī dì yě。 ruò yù tī pú 'ér wéi yù， xū rù zhōu dū 'ér qiú shēn zào。
zhōu dū， diǎn jí rú hǎi， xián shì rú yún， tiān xià zhī shèng dì yě， fēi rù qí nèi 'ér nán yǐ chéng dà qì。“ lǎo fū rén wén tīng cǐ yán， xīn zhōng fàn nán： yī nǎi dān 'ér nián fāng shí sān， sòng dū shàng qiě nán fǎn， qù zhōu dū qǐ bù rú dēng jiǔ tiān？ èr nǎi lǎo shì zhǐ liú cǐ gēn， zěn fàng xīn tā gū shēn dú xíng？ zhèng yóu yù bù zhī zěn me huí dá， bù liào xiān shēng yǐ cāi zhī qí wéi nán chù， máng shuō：“ yǐ shí xiāng gào， lǎo fū shī xiōng wéi zhōu tài xué bó shì， xué shí yuān bó， xīn xiōng kuàng dá， ài cái jìng xián， yǐ shù rén wéi shēng， yǐ zhù xián wéi lè， yǐ jiàn xián wéi rèn。 jiā yǎng shén tóng shù wèi， jiē yóu mín jiān xuǎn lái。 bù yào yī shí gōngjǐ， dài zhī rú qīn shēng zǐ nǚ。
bó shì wén lǎo fū yán， zhī dān 'ér hàoxué shàn sī， cōng huì chāo cháng， jiǔ yuàn yī jiàn。 jìn rì yòu jiā pú shù rén lù jīng cǐ dì， tè zhì shū lǎo fū， yì yù dài dān 'ér qù zhōu。 cǐ nǎi qiānzǎi nán féng zhī liáng jī， wù wàng zhēn xī！” lǎo fū rén tīng hòu， bù jìn bēi xǐ jiāo jí。 xǐ xiān shēng bǎo jiàn， shǐ dān 'ér yòu yuán rù zhōu， dēng lóng mén yòu lù； bēi mǔ zǐ fēn bié， hé rì néng jiàn？ sī zhì cǐ， hǎo sì dān 'ér yǐ zài qiān lǐ zhī wài， bù jué xīn suān nán yì， shān rán lèi xià。 lǎo dān pū rén mǔ qīn huái zhōng， qì yán dào：“ mǔ qīn wù xū shāng xīn， dān 'ér jué bù fù lǎo shī hòu wàng， dài wǒ yè chéng gōng jiù， dìng rán zǎo rì lái jiē mǔ qīn！” shuō bà， mǔ zǐ 'èr rén xiāng bào 'ér qì。
kū zhī liáng jiǔ， mǔ zǐ 'èr rén zhuǎn 'ér wéi xǐ， bài xiè xiān shēng jǔ jiàn zhī 'ēn。 sān tiān hòu， quán jiā yǔ shāng lǎo xiān shēng sòng lǎo dān zhì wǔ lǐ zhī wài。 lǎo dān yī yī guì bài， shàng mǎ suí bó shì jiā pú xī xíng 'ér qù。 lǎo fū rén yáo wàng dān 'ér shēn yǐng yuǎn qù， fāng cái yù yù rù chē， mèn mèn fǎn huí。”
lǎo dān rù zhōu， bài jiàn bó shì， rù tài xué， tiān wén、 dì lǐ、 rén lún， wú suǒ bù xué，《 shī》《 shū》《 yì》《 lì》《 lǐ》《 lè》 wú suǒ bù lǎn， wén wù、 diǎn zhāng、 shǐ shū wú suǒ bù xí， sān nián 'ér dà yòu zhǎngjìn。 bó shì yòu jiàn qí rù shǒu cáng shì wéi lì。 shǒu cáng shì shì zhōu cháo diǎn jí shōu cáng zhī suǒ， jí tiān xià zhī wén， shōu tiān xià zhī shū， hàn niú chōng dòng， wú suǒ bù yòu。 lǎo dān chù qí zhōng， rú jiāo lóng yóu rù dà hǎi， hǎi kuò píng lóng yuè； rú xióng yīng zhǎn chì lán tiān， tiān gāo rèn niǎo fēi。 lǎo dān rú jī sì kě， bó lǎn fàn guān， jiàn zhēn jiā jìng， tōng lǐyuè zhī yuán， míng dào dé zhī zhǐ， sān nián hòu yòu qiān rèn shǒu cáng shì shǐ， míng wén xiá 'ěr， shēng bō hǎi nèi。
jiào shòu kǒng qiū
lǎo dān jū zhōu rì jiǔ， xué wèn rì shēn， shēng míng rì xiǎng。 chūn qiū shí chēng xué shí yuān bó zhě wéi“ zǐ”， yǐ shì zūn jìng， yīn cǐ， rén men jiē chēng lǎo dān wéi“ lǎo zǐ”。
gōng yuán qián 538 nián de yī tiān， kǒng zǐ duì dì zǐ nán gōng jìng shū shuō：“ zhōu zhī shǒu cáng shì shǐ lǎo dān， bó gǔ tōng jīn， zhī lǐyuè zhī yuán， míng dào dé zhī yào。 jīn wú yù qù zhōu qiú jiào， rǔ yuàn tóng qù fǒu？” nán gōng jìng shū xīn rán tóng yì， suí jí bào qǐng lǔ jūn。 lǔ jūn zhǔn xíng。 qiǎn yī chē 'èr mǎ yī tóng yī yù， yóu nán gōng jìng shū péi kǒng zǐ qián wǎng。 lǎo zǐ jiàn kǒng qiū qiān lǐ tiáo tiáo 'ér lái， fēi cháng gāo xīng， jiào shòu zhī hòu， yòu yǐn kǒng qiū fǎng dà fū cháng hóng。 cháng hóng shàn lè， shòu kǒng qiū yuèlǜ、 lè lǐ； yǐn kǒng qiū guān jì shén zhī diǎn， kǎo xuān jiào zhī dì， chá miào huì lǐ yí， shǐ kǒng qiū gǎn tàn bù yǐ， huò yì bù qiǎn。 dòu liú shù rì。 kǒng qiū xiàng lǎo zǐ cí xíng。 lǎo dān sòng zhì guǎn shè zhī wài， zèng yán dào：“ wú wén zhī， fù guì zhě sòng rén yǐ cái， rén yì zhě sòng rén yǐ yán。 wú bù fù bù guì， wú cái yǐ sòng rǔ； yuàn yǐ shù yán xiāng sòng。 dāng jīn zhī shì， cōng míng 'ér shēn chá zhě， qí suǒ yǐ yùnàn 'ér jīzhì yú sǐ， zài yú hǎo jī rén zhī fēi yě； shàn biàn 'ér tōng dá zhě， qí suǒ yǐ zhāo huò 'ér lǚ zhì yú shēn， zài yú hǎo yáng rén zhī 'è yě。 wéi rén zhī zǐ， wù yǐ jǐ wéi gāo； wéi rén zhī chén， wù yǐ jǐ wéi shàng， wàng rǔ qièjì。” kǒng qiū dùn shǒu dào：“ dì zǐ yī dìng jǐn jì zài xīn！”
xíng zhì huáng hé zhī bīn， jiàn hé shuǐ tāo tāo， zhuó làng fān gǔn， qí shì rú wàn mǎ bēn téng， qí shēng rú hǔ hǒu léi míng。 kǒng qiū zhù lì 'àn biān， bù jué tàn yuē：“ shì zhě rú sī fū， bùshě zhòu yè！ huáng hé zhī shuǐ bēn téng bù xī， rén zhī nián huá liú shì bù zhǐ， hé shuǐ bù zhī hé chù qù， rén shēng bù zhī hé chù guī？” wén kǒng qiū cǐ yǔ， lǎo zǐ dào：“ rén shēng tiān dì zhī jiān， nǎi yǔ tiān dì yī tǐ yě。 tiān dì， zì rán zhī wù yě； rén shēng， yì zì rán zhī wù； rén yòu yòu、 shǎo、 zhuàng、 lǎo zhī biàn huà， yóu rú tiān dì yòu chūn、 xià、 qiū、 dōng zhī jiāo tì， yòu hé bēi hū？ shēng yú zì rán， sǐ yú zì rán， rèn qí zì rán， zé běn xìng bù luàn； bù rèn zì rán， bēn máng yú rén yì zhī jiān， zé běn xìng jī bàn。 gōng míng cún yú xīn， zé jiāo lǜ zhī qíng shēng； lì yù liú yú xīn， zé fán nǎo zhī qíng zēng。” kǒng qiū jiě shì dào：“ wú nǎi yōu dà dào bù xíng， rén yì bù shī， zhàn luàn bù zhǐ， guó luàn bù zhì yě， gù yòu rén shēng duǎn zàn， bù néng yòu gōng yú shì、 bù néng yòu wéi yú mín zhī gǎn tàn yǐ”
lǎo zǐ dào：“ tiān dì wú rén tuī 'ér zì xíng， rì yuè wú rén rán 'ér zì míng， xīng chén wú rén liè 'ér zì xù， qín shòu wú rén zào 'ér zì shēng， cǐ nǎi zì rán wéi zhī yě， hé láo rén wéi hū？ rén zhī suǒ yǐ shēng、 suǒ yǐ wú、 suǒ yǐ róng、 suǒ yǐ rǔ， jiē yòu zì rán zhī lǐ、 zì rán zhī dào yě。 shùn zì rán zhī lǐ 'ér qū， zūn zì rán zhī dào 'ér xíng， guó zé zì zhì， rén zé zì zhèng， hé xū jīn jīn yú lǐyuè 'ér chàng rén yì zāi？ jīn jīn yú lǐyuè 'ér chàng rén yì， zé wéi rén zhī běn xìng yuǎn yǐ！ yóu rú rén jī gǔ xún qiú táo páo zhī rén， jī zhī yù xiǎng， zé rén táo páode yù yuǎn yǐ！”
shāo tíng piàn kè， lǎo zǐ shǒu zhǐ hào hào huáng hé， duì kǒng qiū shuō：“ rǔ hé bù xué shuǐ zhī dà dé yú？” kǒng qiū yuē：“ shuǐ yòu hé dé？” lǎo zǐ shuō：“ shàng shàn ruò shuǐ： shuǐ shàn lì wàn wù 'ér bù zhēng， chù zhòng rén zhī suǒ 'è， cǐ nǎi qiān xià zhī dé yě； gù jiāng hǎi suǒ yǐ néng wéi bǎi gǔ wáng zhě， yǐ qí shàn xià zhī， zé néng wéi bǎi gǔ wáng。 tiān xià mò róu ruò yú shuǐ， ér gōng jiān qiáng zhě mò zhī néng shèng， cǐ nǎi róu dé yě； gù róu zhī shèng gāng， ruò zhī shèng qiáng jiān。 yīn qí wú yòu， gù néng rù yú wú jiān， yóu cǐ kě zhī bù yán zhī jiào、 wú wéi zhī yì yě。” kǒng qiū wén yán， huǎng rán dà wù dào：“ xiān shēng cǐ yán， shǐ wǒ dùn kāi máosè yě： zhòng rén chù shàng， shuǐ dú chù xià； zhòng rén chù yì， shuǐ dú chù xiǎn； zhòng rén chù jié， shuǐ dú chù huì。 suǒ chù jìn rén zhī suǒ 'è， fū shuí yǔ zhī zhēng hū？ cǐ suǒ yǐ wéi shàng shàn yě。” lǎo zǐ diǎn tóu shuō：“ rǔ kě jiào yě！ rǔ kě qièjì： yǔ shì wú zhēng， zé tiān xià wú rén néng yǔ zhī zhēng， cǐ nǎi xiào fǎ shuǐ dé yě。 shuǐ jǐ yú dào： dào wú suǒ bù zài， shuǐ wú suǒ bù lì， bì gāo qū xià， wèi cháng yòu suǒ nì， shàn chù dì yě； kōng chù zhàn jìng， shēn bù kě cè。 shàn wéi yuān yě； sǔn 'ér bù jié， shī bù qiú bào， shàn wéi rén yě； huán bì xuán， fāng bì zhé， sài bì zhǐ， jué bì liú， shàn shǒu xìn yě； xǐ dí qún huì， píng zhǔn gāo xià， shàn zhì wù yě； yǐ zài zé fú， yǐ jiàn zé qīng， yǐ gōng zé jiān qiáng mò néng dí， shàn yòng néng yě； bùshě zhòu yè， yíng kē hòu jìn， shàn dài shí yě。 gù shèng zhě suí shí 'ér xíng， xián zhě yìng shì 'ér biàn； zhì zhě wú wéi 'ér zhì， dá zhě shùn tiān 'ér shēng。 rǔ cǐ qù hòu， yìng qù jiāo qì yú yán biǎo， chú zhì yù yú róng mào。 fǒu zé， rén wèi zhì 'ér shēng yǐ wén， tǐ wèi zhì 'ér fēng yǐ dòng， zhāng zhāng yáng yáng， rú hǔ xíng yú dà jiē， shuí gǎn yòng nǐ？” kǒng qiū dào：” xiān shēng zhī yán， chū zì fèi fǔ 'ér rù dì zǐ zhī xīn pí， dì zǐ shòu yì fěi qiǎn， zhōng shēng nán wàng。 dì zǐ jiāng zūn fèng bù dài， yǐ xiè xiān shēng zhī 'ēn。” shuō wán， gào bié lǎo zǐ， yǔ nán gōng jìng shū shàng chē， yǐ yǐ bùshě dì xiàng lǔ guó shǐ qù。
huí dào lǔ guó， zhòng dì zǐ wèn dào：“ xiān shēng bài fǎng lǎo zǐ， kě dé jiàn hū？” kǒng zǐ dào：“ jiàn zhī！” dì zǐ wèn。“ lǎo zǐ hé yàng？” kǒng zǐ dào：“ niǎo， wǒ zhī tā néng fēi； yú， wú zhī tā néng yóu； shòu， wǒ zhī tā néng zǒu。 zǒu zhě kě yòng wǎng fù zhī， yóu zhě kě yòng gōu diào zhī， fēi zhě kě yòng jiàn qǔ zhī， zhì yú lóng， wú bù zhī qí hé yǐ？ lóng chéng fēng yún 'ér shàng jiǔ tiān yě！ wú suǒ jiàn lǎo zǐ yě， qí yóu lóng hū？ xué shí yuān shēn 'ér mò cè， zhì qù gāo miǎo 'ér nán zhī； rú shé zhī suí shí qū shēn， rú lóng zhī yìng shí biàn huà。 lǎo dān， zhēn wú shī yě！ ＇”
gāo lùn shēng sǐ
huà shuō lǎo dān rèn zhōu shǒu cáng shì shǐ， shù cì guī jiā xǐngqīn， yù quàn mǔ qīn suí zhī qù zhōu； qí mǔ zài chén guó xiāng yì zhù jiǔ， rén shú dì shú， bù yuàn yuǎn qiān。 rì yuè rú suō， guāng yīn rěn rǎn， zhuǎn yǎn jiān yǐ guò sān shí yú nián。 yī rì， lǎo dān hū dé jiā xùn， yán jiā mǔ bìng wēi， yú shì bào qǐng tiān zǐ， guī jiā xǐngshì。 dài huí dào jiā shí， mǔ yǐ cí shì。 miàn duì máng máng dà dì shàng yī duī huáng tǔ， sī xiǎng jiǔ quán zhī xià mǔ qīn zhī líng， huí yì mǔ qīn cí xiáng róng mào、 yǎng yù zhī 'ēn， lǎo dān bēi tòng yù jué， qǐn shí jù fèi， xí dì 'ér zuò， chén sī míng xiǎng， hū fā zì jǐ yú dùn； shùn lǐ zhuī suǒ， huǎng rán dà wù， rú shì zhòng fù， chóu kǔ xiāo jiě， dùn jué fù jī tǐ juàn。 yú shì bǎo cān yī dùn， dǎo tóu dà shuì。
jiā jiāng、 shì nǚ jiē gǎn qí guài， dài qí xǐng lái， wèn qí yuán gù。 lǎo dān dá dào：“ rén shēng yú shì， yòu qíng yòu zhì。 yòu qíng， gù rén lún xié hé 'ér xiāng wēn xiāng nuǎn； yòu zhì， gù míng lǐ tōng dá 'ér lǐ shì bù luàn。 qíng zhě， zhì zhī fù yě； zhì zhě， qíng zhī zhù yě。 yǐ qíng tōng zhì， zé rén hūn yōng 'ér shì diān dǎo； yǐ zhì tǒng qíng， zé rén cōng huì 'ér shì hé dù。 mǔ qīn shēng dān， ēn zhòng rú shān。 jīn mǔ cí dān 'ér qù， dān zhī qíng nán duàn。 qíng nán duàn， rén zhī cháng qíng yě。 nán duàn 'ér bù yǐ zhì tǒng， zé luàn yǐ， gù bēi 'ér bù yù shēng。 jīn dān duān zuò 'ér chén sī， hū rán zhì lái， yǐ zhì tǒng qíng， gù qíng kě jié zhì 'ér shì kě diào lǐ yě。 qíng dé yǐ zhì， shì dé yǐ lǐ， yú shì fù zhōng jī 'ér yù shí， tǐ zī juàn 'ér yù shuì。”
jiā jiāng wèn dào：“ zhì hé yǐ tǒng qíng？”
“ rén zhī shēng， jiē yóu wú 'ér zhì yòu yě； yóu wú zhì yòu， bì yóu yòu 'ér fǎn wú yě。 wú dān zhī mǔ jí dān zhī shí， wú mǔ zǐ zhī qíng yě； yòu dān zhī mǔ jí dān， shǐ yòu mǔ zǐ zhī qíng yě； mǔ qù dān liú， mǔ yǐ wú qíng 'ér zǐ dú yòu qíng yě； mǔ dān jiē wú zhī shí， zé yú qíng yì wú yě。 rén qíng wèi yòu zhī shí yǔ rén qíng fǎn wú zhī hòu bù yì wú bié hū？ wú bié 'ér chén nì yú qíng、 bēi bù yù shēng， bù yì yú hū？ gù gǔ ròu zhī qíng nán duàn yǐ， rén jiē rú cǐ， hé yú qíng yě； nán duàn 'ér bù zhì， zé bèi zì rán zhī lǐ yě。 bèi zì rán zhī lǐ zé yú yǐ！ dān sī zhì cǐ， gù shí yù sǔn 'ér shuì kě mián yǐ。” zhòng rén wén zhī， xīn jiē huò rán kuàng dá。
hán gǔ zhù shū
zhōu jìng wáng 'èr nián（ gōng yuán qián 518 nián）， lǎo dān shǒu sàng qī mǎn fǎn zhōu。 zhōu jìng wáng sì nián（ gōng yuán qián 5l6 nián）， zhōu wáng shì fā shēng nèi luàn， wáng zǐ cháo shuài bīng gōng xià liú gōng zhī yì。 zhōu jìng wáng shòu pò。 dāng shí jìn guó qiáng shèng， chū bīng jiù yuán zhōu jìng wáng。 wáng zǐ cháo shì gū， yǔ jiù liáo xié zhōu wáng shì diǎn jí táo wáng chǔ guó。 lǎo dān méng shòu shī zhí zhī zé， shòu qiān lián 'ér cí jiù zhí。 yú shì lí gōng guī yǐn， qí yī qīng niú， yù chū hán gǔ guān， xī yóu qín guó。
lí kāi zhōu wáng cháo luò yì bù yuǎn， dàn jiàn sì yě yī piàn huāng liáng。 duàn yuán tuí bì， jǐng lán cuī zhé， qiān mò cuò duàn， tián yuán huāng wú， kū cǎo sè sè。 tián yě lǐ bù jiàn gēngzhòng zhī mǎ， dà dào shàng què zhàn mǎ bēn chí bù xī， yòu de mǎ hái tuō zhe dà dù zǐ jiān nán dì wěi zhuī qí hòu。 mù dǔ cǐ jǐng， lǎo dān xīn rú dāo jiǎo， nèi xīn xiǎng dào：“ fū bīng zhě， bù xiáng zhī qì yě， fēi jūn zǐ zhī qì。 bù dé yǐ 'ér yòng zhī， shì kě 'ér zhǐ， tián dàn wéi shàng。 shèng 'ér bù bì zì měi， zì měi zhě nǎi lè shā rén yě。 fū lè shā rén zhě， bù kě yǐ dé zhì yú tiān xià yǐ！ yǐ dào zuǒ rén zhù zhě， bù yǐ bīng qiáng tiān xià。 bīng zhī suǒ chù， jīng jí shēng yān； dà bīng zhī hòu， bì yòu xiōng nián。 tiān xià yòu dào， què zǒu mǎ yǐ fèn； tiān xià wú dào， zé róng mǎ shēng yú jiāo。 róng mǎ shēng yú jiāo， zé guó luàn jiā pò yǐ。”
huà shuō hán gǔ guān shǒu guān guān yuán guān yǐn， shàoshí jí hǎo guān tiān wén、 ài dú gǔ jí， xiū yǎng shēn hòu。 yī rì yè wǎn， dú lì lóu guān zhī shàng níng shì xīng kōng， hū jiàn dōng fāng zǐ yún jù jí， qí cháng sān wàn lǐ， xíng rú fēi lóng， yóu dōng xiàng xī gǔn gǔn 'ér lái， zì yǔ dào：“ zǐ qì dōng lái sān wàn lǐ， shèng rén xī xíng jīng cǐ dì。 qīng niú huǎn huǎn zài lǎo wēng， cáng xíng nì jì hùn yuán qì。” guān yǐn zǎo wén lǎo dān dà míng， xīn xiǎng mò fēi shì lǎo zǐ jiāng lái？ yú shì pài rén qīng sǎo dào lù sì shí lǐ， jiā dào fén xiāng， yǐ yíng shèng rén。
qī yuè shí 'èr rì wǔ hòu， xī yáng xī xié， guāng huá dōng shè。 guān yǐn zhèng yù xià guān chá kàn， hū jiàn guān xià xī luò xíng rén zhōng yòu yī lǎo zhě， dǎo qí qīng niú 'ér lái。 lǎo zhě báifà rú xuě， qí méi chuí bìn， qí 'ěr chuí jiān， qí xū chuí xī， hóng yán sù páo， jiǎn pǔ jié jìng。 guān yǐn yǎng tiān 'ér tàn dào：“ wǒ shēng yòu xìng。 dé jiàn shèng rén！” sān bù bìng zuò liǎng bù， bēn shàng qián qù， guì yú qīng niú qián bài dào：“ guān yǐn kòu jiàn shèng rén”
lǎo zǐ jiàn kòu bài zhī rén fāng liǎn、 hòu chún、 nóng méi、 duān bí， wēi yán 'ér bù lěng kù， róu cí 'ér wú mèi tài， zǎo zhī fēi yī bān cháng rén， gù yì shì tàn dào：“ guān lìng dà rén kòu bài pín jiàn lǎo wēng， fēi cháng zhī lǐ yě！ lǎo fū bù gǎn chéng dāng， bù zhī yòu hé jiàn jiào？” guān yǐn dào：“ lǎo zhàng， shèng rén yě！ wù qiú liú sù guān shè yǐ zhǐ xiū xíng zhī tú。” lǎo zǐ dào：“ lǎo fū yòu hé shén shèng zhī chù， shòu nǐ rú cǐ hòu 'ài？ cán kuì cán kuì， xiū shā lǎo fū yǐ？” guān yǐn dào：“ guān yǐn bù cái； hǎo guān tiān wén lüè zhī biàn huà。 jiàn zǐ qì dōng lái， zhī yòu shèng rén xī xíng， jiàn zǐ qì hào dàng， gǔn gǔn rú lóng， qí cháng sān wàn lǐ。 zhī lái zhě zhì shèng zhì zūn， fēi tōng cháng zhī shèng yě； jiàn zǐ qì zhī shǒu bái yún liáo rào， zhī shèng rén báifà， shì lǎo wēng zhī zhuàng； jiàn zǐ qì zhī qián yòu qīng niú xīngxiàng qiān， zhī shèng rén chéng qīng niú 'ér lái yě。”
lǎo zǐ tīng bà， hā hā dà xiào：“ guò jiǎng、 guò jiǎng！ lǎo fū yì zǎo wén nǐ dà míng， tè lái bài huì。” guān yǐn wén yán dà xǐ， kòu tóu bù dié。 zhī hòu， guān yǐn yǐn lǎo zǐ zhì guān shè， qǐng lǎo zǐ shàng zuò， fén xiāng 'ér xíng dì zǐ zhī lǐ， kěn qiú dào：“ xiān shēng nǎi dāng jīn dà shèng rén yě！ shèng rén zhě， bù yǐ yī jǐ zhī zhì qiè wéi jǐ yòu， bì yǐ tiān xià rén zhì wéi jǐ rèn yě。 jīn rǔ jiāng yǐn jū 'ér bù rén， qiú jiào zhě bì nán xún yǐ！ hé bù jiāng rǔ zhī shèng zhì zhù wéi shū？ guān yǐn suī qiǎn lòu， yuàn dài xiān shēng chuán yú hòu shì， liú fāng qiān gǔ， zào fú wàn dài。”
lǎo dān yǔn nuò， yǐ wáng cháo xīng shuāi chéng bài、 bǎi xìng 'ān wēi huò fú wéi jiàn， sù qí yuán， zhù shàng、 xià liǎng piān， gòng wǔ qiān yán。 shàng piān qǐ shǒu wéi“ dào kě dào， fēi cháng dào； míng kě míng， fēi cháng míng”， gù rén chēng《 dào jīng》。 xià piān qǐ shǒu wéi“ shàng dé bù dé， shì yǐ yòu dé； xià dé bù shī dé， shì yǐ wú dé”， gù rén chēng wéi《 dé jīng》， hé chēng《 dào dé jīng》。《 dào jīng》 yán yǔ zhòu běn gēn， hán tiān dì biàn huà zhī jī， yùn yīn yáng biàn huàn zhī miào； xià piān《 dé jīng》， yán chǔshì zhī fāng， hán rén shì jìn tuì zhī shù， yùn cháng shēng jiǔ shì zhī dào。 guān yǐn dé zhī， rú huò zhì bǎo， zhōng rì mò sòng， rú jī sì kě。
《 dào dé jīng》 quán wén http://www.guoxue.com/zibu/zibu_zhuziml/laozi.htm
diǎn huà yáng zǐ jū
yī rì， lǎo dān qí niú xíng zhì liáng（ jīn hé nán kāi fēng） zhī jiāo wài， zhèng bì mù yǎng shén， hū wén yòu rén dà hū“ xiān shēng”。 lǎo dān wén shēng， zhēng kāi shuāng mù， fā xiàn shì dì zǐ yáng zǐ jū。
yáng zǐ jū， wèi guó rén， rù zhōu tài xué， wén lǎo zǐ yuān bó， céng sī bài lǎo zǐ wéi shī。 méi xiǎng dào zài liáng huì yǔ lǎo zǐ xiāng yù， yáng zǐ jū huāng máng cóng gāo tóu dà mǎ shàng fān shēn 'ér xià， xiān qǐ jǐn lǜ cháng páo， guì bài yú lǎo dān suǒ chéng qīng niú qián。 lǎo dān xià lái， fú qǐ yáng zǐ jū， yǔ zhī xiāng bìng tóng xíng。
lǎo dān wèn dào：“ dì zǐ jìn lái máng yú hé shì？”
yáng zǐ jū shī lǐ dào：“ lái cǐ fǎng xiān zǔ jū， gòu zhì fáng chǎn， xiū shì liáng dòng， zhāo pìn pú yì， zhěng zhì jiā guī。”
lǎo dān dào：“ yòu wò shēn zhī dì、 yǐn shí zhī chù zé zú yǐ， hé xū rú cǐ zhāng yáng？”
yáng zǐ jū dào：“ xiān shēng xiū shēn， zuò xū jì jìng， xíng xū sōng chí， yǐn xū sù qīng， wò xū 'ān níng， fēi yòu shēn zhái dú hù， hé yǐ néng rú cǐ？ zhì shēn zhái dú hù， bù zhāo pú yì， bù bèi yòng jù， hé yǐ néng chēng zhī？ zhāo pìn pú yì， zhì bèi yòng jù， bù lì jiā guī， hé yǐ néng zhì zhī？”
lǎo dān xiào dào：“ dà dào zì rán， hé xū qiáng zì jìng。 xíng wú qiú 'ér zì sōng， yǐn wú shē 'ér zì qīng， wò wú yù 'ér zì níng。 xiū shēn hé xū shēn zhái？ fù jī 'ér shí， tǐ fá 'ér xī， rì chū 'ér zuò， rì luò 'ér qǐn。 jū jiā hé xū zhòng yì？ shùn zì rán 'ér wú wéi， zé shén 'ān tǐ jiàn； bèi zì rán 'ér yíng yíng， zé shén luàn 'ér tǐ sǔn。”
yáng zǐ jū zhī jǐ qiǎn lòu， cán kuì dào：“ dì zǐ bǐ sú， duō xiè xiān shēng zhǐ jiào。”
lǎo dān wèn。“ ān jū hé chù？”
yáng yú jū dào：“ pèi（ jīn jiāng sū pèi xiàn）。”
lǎo dān shuō：“ zhèng hǎo xiāng bàn tóng xíng。” yáng zǐ jū hěn gāo xīng。 xīn rán yǔ lǎo shī jié bàn xiàng dōng 'ér xíng。 xíng zhì nán shuǐ， èr rén chéng chuán 'ér dù。 lǎo dān qiān niú 'ér xiān dēng， yáng zǐ jū yǐn mǎ 'ér hòu shàng。 lǎo dān cí róng xiào mào。 yǔ tóng dù chéng kè tán xiào róng róng； yáng zǐ jū 'áng shǒu tǐng xiōng， kè rén jiàn zhī shī zhī yǐ zuò， chuán zhù jiàn zhī fèng chá xiàn jīn。 nán shuǐ guò， èr rén qí shēng jì xù qián xíng。 lǎo dān tàn dào：“ gāng cái guān nǐ shén tài， áng shǒu tǐng xiōng， ào shì bàng rén， wéi jǐ dú zūn， kuáng wàng zì dà， bù kě jiào yě。” yáng zǐ jū miàn dài kuì sè， kěn yán dào：“ dì zǐ xí guàn chéng zì rán， yī dìng gǎi zhī！” lǎo dān dào“ jūn zǐ yǔ rén chù， ruò bīng shì yú shuǐ， yǔ rén gòng shì， rú tóng pú qiān xià； jié bái wú xiá 'ér sì hán gòu cáng wū， dé xìng fēng hòu 'ér sì bǐ sú píng cháng”。 yáng zǐ jū tīng hòu， yī gǎi yuán lái gāo 'ào， qí mào bù jīn yì bù gōng， qí yán bù jiāo yì bù mèi。 lǎo zǐ zàn yuē：“ xiǎo zǐ shāo yòu jìn！ rén zhě， shēng yú fù mǔ zhī shēn， lì yú tiān dì zhī jiān， zì rán zhī wù yě。 guì jǐ jiàn wù zé bèi zì rán， guì rén jiàn jǐ zé wéi běn xìng， děng wù qí guān， wù wǒ yī tǐ， shùn shì 'ér xíng， jiè shì 'ér zhǐ， yán xíng bù zì rán， zé hé yú dào yǐ！”
lùn yǎng shēng jīng
huà shuō lǎo dān yǐn jū sòng guó pèi dì， zì gēng 'ér shí， zì zhì 'ér yī。 qǐ zhī qí míng， wú zú zì xíng， mù qí míng zhě jiē zhǒng 'ér zhì， qiú wèn xiū dào zhī fāng， xué shù zhī zhǐ， chǔshì zhī yào， yú shì qí dì zǐ biàn tiān xià。
yòu gè dì zǐ míng gēng sāng chǔ， shēn dé lǎo zǐ zhī dào， zhù zài běi bù wèi lěi shān shàng。 zhù sān nián， wèi lěi zhī dì mín fēng dà biàn： nán gēng 'ér yòu sù kě shí， nǚ zhì 'ér yòu yī kě chuān， gè jìn qí néng， tóng sǒu wú qī， bǎi xìng hé mù， shì jiān tài píng。 zhòng rén yù tuī gēng sāng chǔ wéi jūn zhù。 gēng sāng chǔ wén zhī， xīn zhōng bù yuè， yì yù qiān jū。 dì zǐ bù jiě， gēng sāng chǔ dào：“ jù shòu zhāng kǒu kě yǐ tūn chē， qí shì kě wèi qiáng yǐ， rán dú bù shān lín zhī wài， zé nán miǎn wǎng luó zhī huò； jù yú， zhāng kǒu kě yǐ tūn zhōu， qí lì kě wèi dà yǐ， rán yuè yú hǎi tān zhī shàng， zé zhòng yǐ kě yǐ shí zhī。 gù niǎo bù yàn tiān gāo， shòu bù yàn lín mì， yú bù yàn hǎi shēn， tù bù yàn dòng duō。 tiān gāo， niǎo kě yǐ fēi yǐ； lín mì， shòu kě yǐ yǐn yǐ； hǎi shēn， yú kě yǐ cáng yǐ； dòng duō， tù kě yǐ táo yǐ。 jiē wéi bǎo qí shēn 'ér quán qí shēng yě。 bǎo shēn quán shēng zhī rén， yí liǎn xíng 'ér cáng yǐng yě， gù bù yàn bēi jiàn píng yōng、”
gēng sāng chǔ dì zǐ zhōng yòu yī rén， míng nán róng， nián guò sān shí， jīn rì wén gēng sāng chǔ yǎng shēng gāo lùn， yù qiú yǎng shēng zhī dào。 gēng sāng chǔ dào：“ gǔ rén yuē： tǔ fēng bù néng fū qīng chóng， yuè jī bù néng fū hóng hú， gè yòu suǒ néng， gè yòu suǒ bù néng yě。 sāng chǔ zhī cái yòu xiàn， bù zú yǐ huà rǔ， rǔ hé bù nán qù sòng guó pèi dì qiú jiào lǎo dān xiān shēng？” nán róng wén yán， cí bié gēng sāng chǔ， dǐng fēng mào xuě， xíng qī rì qī yè 'ér zhì lǎo dān jū shè。
nán róng bài jiàn lǎo dān， dào：“ dì zǐ nán róng， zī zhì yú dùn nán huà， tè xíng qī rì qī yè， lái cǐ qiú jiào shèng rén。” lǎo dān dào：“ rǔ qiú hé dào？”“ yǎng shēng zhī dào。” lǎo dān yuē：“ yǎng shēng zhī dào， zài shén jìng xīn qīng。 jìng shén xīn qīng zhě， xǐ nèi xīn zhī wū gòu yě。 xīn zhōng zhī gòu， yī wéi wù yù， yī wéi zhī qiú。 qù yù qù qiú， zé xīn zhōng tǎn rán； xīn zhōng tǎn rán， zé dòng jìng zì rán。 dòng jìng zì rán， zé xīn zhōng wú suǒ qiān guà， yú shì hū dāng wò zé wò， dāng qǐ zé qǐ， dāng xíng zé xíng， dāng zhǐ zé zhǐ， wài wù bù néng rǎo qí xīn。 gù xué dào zhī lù， nèi wài liǎng chú yě； dé dào zhī rén， nèi wài liǎng wàng yě。 nèi zhě， xīn yě； wài zhě， wù yě。 nèi wài liǎng chú zhě， nèi qù yù qiú， wài chú wù yòu yě； nèi wài liǎng wàng zhě， nèi wàng yù qiú， wài wàng wù yòu yě。 yóu chú zhì wàng， zé nèi wài yī tǐ， jiē guī yú zì rán， yú shì dá yú dà dào yǐ！ rú jīn， rǔ xīn zhōng niàn niàn bù wàng xué dào， yì shì yù qiú yě。 chú qù qiú dào zhī yù， zé xīn zhōng zì jìng； xīn zhōng qīng jìng， zé dà dào kě xiū yǐ ? bèng xiān ? wén yán， kǔ xīn qiú dào zhī yì dùn xiāo。 rú shì zhòng fù， shēn xīn yǐ biàn dé qīng liáng shuǎng kuài、 shū zhǎn kuàng dá、 píng jìng dàn bó。 yú shì bài xiè lǎo dān dào：“ xiān shēng yī xí huà， shèng wǒ shí nián xiū。 rú jīn róng bù qǐng jiào dà dào， dàn yuàn shòu yǎng shēng zhī jīng。”
lǎo dān dào：“ yǎng shēng zhī jīng， yào zài zì rán。 dòng bù zhī suǒ xiàng， zhǐ bù zhī suǒ wéi， suí wù juǎnqū， suí bō 'ér liú， dòng 'ér yǔ yáng tóng dé， jìng 'ér yǔ yáng tóng bō。 qí dòng ruò shuǐ， qí jìng ruò jìng， qí yìng ruò xiǎng， cǐ nǎi yǎng shēng zhī jīng yě。” nán róng wèn dào。“ cǐ nǎi wán měi zhī jìng jiè hū？” lǎo dān dào：“ fēi yě。 cǐ nǎi qīng róng jǐ xīn， rù yú zì rán zhī shǐ yě。 cháng rù wán měi jìng jiè， zé yǔ qín shòu gòng jū yú dì 'ér bù yǐ wéi bēi， yǔ shén xiān gòng lè yú tiān 'ér bù yǐ wéi guì； xíng bù biāo xīn lì yì， zhǐ bù sī lǜ jì móu， dòng bù láo xīn shāng shén； lái 'ér bù zhī suǒ qiú， wǎng 'ér bù zhī suǒ yù。” nán róng wèn dào：“ rú cǐ jí zhì jìng hū？” lǎo dān dào。“ wèi yě。 shēn lì yú tiān dì zhī jiān， rú tóng kū zhī gǎo mù； xīn jū yú xíng tǐ zhī nèi， rú tóng jiāo yè sǐ huī。 rú cǐ， zé chì rì yán yán 'ér bù jué rè， bīng xuě 'ái 'ái 'ér bù zhī hán， jiàn jǐ bù néng shāng， hǔ bào bù néng hài。 yú shì hū huò yì bù zhì， fú yì bù lái。 huò fú jiē wú， kǔ lè jiē wàng yě。”
zài shòu kǒng qiū
huà shuō kǒng qiū yǔ lǎo dān xiāng bié， zhuǎn yǎn biàn shì shí qī bā nián， zhì wǔ shí yī suì， réng wèi xué dé dà dào。 wén lǎo dān huí guī sòng guó pèi dì yǐn jū， tè xié dì zǐ bài fǎng lǎo zǐ。
lǎo zǐ jiàn kǒng qiū lái fǎng， ràng yú zhèng fáng zhī zhōng， wèn dào： yī bié shí shù zài， wén shuō nǐ yǐ chéng běi fāng dà xián cái。 cǐ cì guāng lín， yòu hé zhǐ jiào？” kǒng qiū bài dào：“ dì zǐ bù cái， suī jīng sī qín xí， rán kōng yóu shí shù zài， wèi rù dà dào zhī mén。 gù tè lái qiú jiào。” lǎo zǐ yuē：“ yù guān dà dào， xū xiān yóu xīn yú wù zhī chū。 tiān dì zhī nèi， huán yǔ zhī wài。 tiān dì rén wù， rì yuè shān hé， xíng xìng bù tóng。 suǒ tóng zhě， jiē shùn zì rán 'ér shēng miè yě， jiē suí zì rán 'ér xíng zhǐ yě。 zhī qí bù tóng， shì jiàn qí biǎo yě； zhī qí jiē tóng， shì zhī qí běn yě。 shè bù tóng 'ér guān qí tóng， zé kě yóu xīn yú wù zhī chū yě。 wù zhī chū， hùn 'ér wéi yī， wú xíng wú xìng， wú yì yě。” kǒng qiū wèn：“ guān qí tóng， yòu hé lè zāi？” lǎo zǐ dào：“ guān qí tóng， zé qí wàn wù yě。 qí wù wǒ yě， qí shì fēi yě。 gù kě shì shēng sǐ wéi zhòu yè， huò yǔ fú tóng， jí yǔ xiōng děng， wú guì wú jiàn， wú róng wú rǔ， xīn rú gǔ jǐng， wǒ xíng wǒ sù， zì dé qí lè， hé chù 'ér bù lè zāi？”
kǒng qiū wén zhī， guān jǐ xíng tǐ sì wú yòng wù， chá yǐ róng míng lèi tóng fèn tǔ。 xiǎng jǐ lái shì zhī qián， yòu hé xíng tǐ？ yòu hé róng míng？ sī jǐ qù shì zhī hòu， yòu hé jī fū？ yòu hé guì jiàn？ yú shì hū qiú rén yì、 chuán lǐ yí zhī xīn dùn xiāo， rú shì zhòng fù， wú yōu wú lǜ， yōu xián zì zài。” lǎo zǐ jiē zhe shuō：“ dào shēn chén yǐ sì hǎi， gāo dà yǐ sì shān， biàn bù huán yǔ yǐ 'ér wú chù bù zài， zhōu liú bù xī yǐ 'ér wú wù bù zhì， qiú zhī 'ér bù kě dé， lùn zhī 'ér bù kě jí yě！ dào zhě， shēng yù tiān dì 'ér bù shuāi bài、 zī zhù wàn wù 'ér bù kuì fá zhě yě； tiān dé zhī 'ér gāo， dì dé zhī 'ér hòu， rì yuè dé zhī 'ér xíng， sì shí dé zhī 'ér xù， wàn wù dé zhī 'ér xíng。” kǒng qiū wén zhī， rú téng yún zhōng， rú qián hǎi dǐ， rú rù shān lín， rú qìn wù tǐ， tiān wǒ hé wéi yī tǐ， jǐ jiē wàn wù， wàn wù jiē jǐ， xīn kuàng 'ér shén yí， bù jìn zàn tàn dào：“ kuò yǐ！ guǎng yǐ！ wú biān wú jì！ wú zài shì wǔ shí yīzǎi， zhǐ zhī rén yì lǐ yí。 qǐ zhī huán yǔ rú cǐ kōng kuàng guǎng dà yǐ！ hǎo shēng chàng kuài， zài jiǎng！ zài jiǎng ?? lǎo zǐ jiàn kǒng qiū yǐ rù dà dào zhī mén， kǎn kǎn 'ér tán dào：“ shèng rén chǔshì， yù shì 'ér bù bèi， shì qiān 'ér bù shǒu， shùn wù liú zhuǎn， rèn shì zì rán。 tiáohé 'ér shùn yìng zhě， yòu dé zhī rén yě； suí shì 'ér shùn yìng zhě， dé dào zhī rén yě。” kǒng qiū wén zhī， ruò yún piāo dòng， suí fēng 'ér xíng； ruò shuǐ liú zhuǎn， jiù shì 'ér qiān。 xǐ dào：“ yōu zāi！ xián zāi！ chéng zhōu 'ér piào yú hǎi， chéng chē 'ér xíng yú lù yǐ。 jìn zé tóng jìn， zhǐ zé tóng zhǐ， hé xū yǐ jǐ zhī lì 'ér dài zhōu chē zāi？ jūn zǐ xìng fēi yì yě， shàn jiǎ yú wù yě！ miào zāi！ miào zāi！ zài jiǎng！ zài jiǎng ?? lǎo zǐ yòu dào：“ yóu yǔ zhòu běn shǐ guān zhī， wàn wù jiē qì huà 'ér chéng、 qì huà 'ér miè yě。 rén zhī shēng yě， qì zhī jù yě； rén zhī sǐ yě， qì zhī sàn yě。 rén shēng yú tiān dì jiān， rú bái jū guò xì， hū rán 'ér yǐ yǐ。 wàn wù zhī shēng， péng péng bó bó， wèi yòu bù yóu wú 'ér zhì yú yòu zhě； zhòng lèi fán yǎn， biàn huà wàn qiān， wèi shǐ bù yóu yòu 'ér guī yú wú zhě yě。 wù zhī shēng， yóu wú huà 'ér wéi yòu yě； wù zhī sǐ， yóu yòu yòu huà 'ér wéi wú yě。 yòu， qì jù 'ér kě jiàn； wú， qì sàn 'ér bù kě jiàn。 yòu yì shì qì。 wú yì shì qì， yòu wú jiē shì qì， gù shēng sǐ yī qì yě。 shēng zhě wèi yòu bù sǐ zhě， ér rén jiàn shēng zé xǐ， jiàn sǐ zé bēi， bù yì guài hū？ rén zhī sǐ yě， yóu rú jiě xíng tǐ zhī shù fù， tuō xìng qíng zhī guǒ xié， yóu zàn sù zhī shì jiè guī yú yuán běn zhī jìng dì。 rén yuǎn lí yuán běn， rú yóu zǐ yuǎn zǒu tā xiāng； rén sǐ nǎi huí guī yuán běn， rú yóu zǐ huí guī gù xiāng， gù shēng bù yǐ wéi xǐ， sǐ bù yǐ wéi bēi。 dé dào zhī rén， shì shēng sǐ wéi yī tiáo， shēng wéi 'ān lè， sǐ wéi 'ān xī； shì shì fēiwèi tóng yī， shì yì bù shì， fēi yì bù fēi； shì guì jiàn wéi yī tǐ， jiàn yì bù jiàn， guì yì bù guì； shì róng rǔ wéi děng qí， róng yì bù róng， rǔ yì bù rǔ。 hé gù zāi？ lì yú dà dào， guān wù gēn běn， shēng sǐ、 shì fēi、 guì jiàn、 róng rǔ， jiē rén wéi zhī jià zhí guān， yì shùn shí biàn dòng zhī zhuàng tài yě。 jiū qí gēn běn， tóng yī 'ér wú bié yě。 zhī cǐ dà dào yě， zé shùn qí biàn dòng 'ér bù yíng yú xīn， rì yuè jiāo tì， tiān dì zhèn dòng、 fēng hǒu hǎi xiào、 léi míng diàn jī 'ér tài rán chǔzhī。”
kǒng qiū wén zhī， jué yǐ wéi què， fēi yú zhī tóu； jué jǐ wéi yú， yóu yú jiāng hú： jué jǐ wéi fēng， cǎi mì huā cóng； jué yǐ wéi rén， qiú dào yú lǎo dān。 bù jìn xīn kuàng shén dá， shuō：“ wú sān shí 'ér lì， sì shí 'ér bù huò， jīn wǔ shí yī fāng zhī zào huà wèihé wù yǐ！ zào wǒ wéi què zé shùn què xìng 'ér huà， zào wǒ wéi yú zé shùn yú xìng 'ér huà， zào wǒ wéi fēng zé shùn fēng xìng 'ér huà， zào wǒ wéi rén zé shùn rén xìng 'ér huà。 què、 yú、 fēng、 rén bù tóng， rán shùn zì rán běn xìng biàn huà què xiāng tóng； shùn běn xìng 'ér biàn huà， jí shùn dào 'ér xíng yě； lì shēn yú bù tóng zhī zhōng， yóu shén yú dà tóng zhī jìng， zé hé yú dà dào yě。 wǒ rì rì qiú dào， bù zhī dào jí zài wú shēn，！” yán bà， qǐ shēn cí bié。
shèng rén cí shì
lǎo dān cháng shòu， yī bǎi liù shí yú suì xiān shì， lín lǐ jiē lái diào yàn。 lǎo rén kū zhī， rú kū qí zǐ； shǎo zhě kū zhī， rú kū qí mǔ。 niàn lǎo zǐ shùn mín zhī xìng、 suí mín zhī qíng、 yǔ shì wú zhēng、 róu cí dài rén de dà dé dà 'ēn， jiē bēi bù zì shèng。
lǎo dān hǎo yǒu qín yì lái diào yàn， zhì lǎo zǐ líng bàng， bù guì bù bài， gǒng shǒu zhì yì， kū hào sān shēng jí zhǐ。 dài qí yù zhuǎn shēn huí qù shí， lín rén lán zhù wèn dào：“ rǔ fēi lǎo zǐ hǎo yǒu hū？” qín yì dá dào；“ dāng rán。” lín rén dào：“ jì wéi lǎo zǐ hǎo yǒu， rú cǐ bó qíng shǎo lǐ， kě hū？” qín yì dào；“ yòu hé bù kě？” lín rén wén yán， yóu nù zhuǎn， dà shēng zé wèn dào：“ qí lǐ hé zài？” qín yì xiào dào：“ wú yǒu lǎo dān yòu yán， shēng yì bù xǐ， sǐ yì bù bēi。 rǔ kě wén hū？ xī rì lǎo dān zhī shēng yě， yóu wú zhì yòu， jù qì 'ér chéng， shùn shí 'ér lái， hé zì rán zhī lǐ， yòu hé xǐ zāi？ jīn rì lǎo dān zhī sǐ yě， yóu yòu guī wú， sàn qì 'ér miè， shùn shí 'ér qù， hé zì rán zhī lǐ yě。 yòu hé bēi zāi？ shēng 'ér xǐ zhě， shì yǐ wéi bù dāng xǐ 'ér xǐ yě； sǐ 'ér bēi zhě， shì yǐ wéi bù dāng bēi 'ér bēi yě， fàng shēng shí guì shēng， sǐ shí pà sǐ， jiē shì yǐ jǐ zhī yì yuàn 'ér qiǎngqiú shēng lái、 qiǎngqiú sǐ qù yě， jiē bèi zì rán zhī lǐ 'ér rèn jǐ zhī qíng yě。 rú 'ān shí 'ér chù shùn， zé 'āi lè bù néng rù yě。 ér bèi zì rán、 wéi tiān lǐ， hé yú dào hū？ bù hé yú dào， kě wéi lǎo dān hǎo yǒu hū？ lǎo dān hǎo yǒu zhě， zūn qí yán 'ér dòng、 shùn yú dào 'ér xíng zhě yě。 wú jì wéi lǎo dān zhī yǒu， gù néng yǐ lǐ huà qíng， gù bù bēi。”
lín rén wén zhī， sì yòu suǒ wù， yòu wèn：“ rǔ jì bù bēi， hé yǐ kū hào sān shēng？” qín yì xiào dào：“ wú kū hào sān shēng， fēi yīn bēi yě， shì yǔ lǎo dān cí bié yě。 yī hào， yán qí shēng 'ér yìng shí， hé zì rán zhī lǐ yě。 èr hào， yán qí sǐ 'ér yìng shí， hé zì rán zhī lǐ yě； sān hào， yán qí zài shì chuán zì rán wú wéi zhī dào， hé zì rán zhī lǐ yě。 lǎo dān jǔ zú 'ér yìng shí， dòng zhǐ 'ér hé dào， wú yòu hé bēi zāi？” zhòng lín wén zhī， jiē yán qín yì nǎi lǎo dān zhēn yǒu， gù tuī qí wéi zhù zàng zhī rén。 hé tǔ zhī shí， qín yì sòng dào wén dào：“ lǎo dān dà shèng， tì tiān hángdào， yóu shén dà tóng， qiān gǔ liú fāng。”
yǐ lǎo zǐ qí rén
lì shǐ shàng de lǎo zǐ shì shénme rén ní？ tā de shēng huó nián dài dào dǐ shì shénme shí hòu？ zhè xiē wèn tí dōushì wǒ men xiàn zài wú fǎ kěn dìng de。 dàn shì， duì yú lǎo zǐ de xíng xiàng， wǒ men què yòu shì bǐ jiào shú xī de。（ zhè shì yīn wéi， wǒ men zài jiē shòu jiào yù huò zhě shì huò dé cháng shí de shí hòu， zhǐ cǎi qǔ liǎo yī zhǒng méi yòu zhēng yì de guān diǎn）
A lǎo zǐ shì shuí？
《 shǐ jì · lǎo zǐ lièzhuàn》 zài：“ lǎo zǐ zhě， chǔ， kǔ xiàn lì xiāng qū rén lǐ rén yě。 xìng lǐ shì， míng 'ěr， zì bó yáng， shì yuē dān， zhōu shǒu cáng shì zhī shǐ yě。” dàn shì， sī mǎ qiān yòu shuō guān yú lǎo zǐ qí rén de chuán shuō hái yòu sān zhǒng： yī shuō lǎo zǐ shì lǎo lāi zǐ； èr shuō tài shǐ dàn jí lǎo zǐ； sān shuō lǎo zǐ shì yǐn jūn zǐ。 hòu rén duì zhè jǐ zhǒng shuō fǎ yòu bù tóng de guān diǎn， yǐn qǐ liǎo cháng qī de zhēng lùn。
B lǎo zǐ de xíng xiàng
zài wǒ men yī bān rén kàn lái， lǎo zǐ shì dào jiā de dài biǎo rén wù huò zhě shì chuàng shǐ rén（ duì zhè yàng de shuō fǎ， wǒ chí bǎo liú tài dù。 lǎo zǐ jí shǐ què yòu qí rén， tā yě wèi bì yòu yī gè chuàng shǐ“ dào jiā” de yì tú）。 zài dào jiào zhōng， lǎo zǐ jiù shì tài shàng lǎo jūn， shì dào jiào de“ jiào zhù”。
2. shū míng。 yě chēng《 dào dé jīng》。（《 dào dé jīng》 shì hòu lái de chēng wèi， zuì chū lǎo zǐ shū chēng wéi《 lǎo zǐ》 ér wú《 dào dé jīng》 zhī míng。 cān jiàn bǎi dù bǎi kē《 dào dé jīng》 tiáo (http://baike.baidu.com/lemma-php/dispose/view.php/16516.htm） qí chéng shū nián dài guò qù duō yòu zhēng lùn， zhì jīn réng wú fǎ què dìng， bù guò gēn jù 1993 nián chū tǔ de guō diàn chǔ jiǎn“ lǎo zǐ” nián dài tuī suàn， chéng shū nián dài zhì shǎo zài zhàn guó zhōng qián qī。
jiá bǎn běn wèn tí
zì chéng shū yǐ lái， lǎo zǐ de bǎn běn zhòng duō（ bǎn běn， zài hàn yǔ zhōng dà gài kě yǐ zhǐ yìn shuà shù fā míng yǐ lái yìn zhì shū jí de bǎn cì。 suǒ yǐ， mù bǎn yìn shuà、 huó zì yìn shuà de shū jí dōuyòu bǎn běn。 bù guò， bó shū、 jiǎn shū huò zhě qí tā xíng shì de shū jí shì fǒu yě yòu bǎn běn wèn tí ní？ yóu yú jiǎn bó shū jí yī bān wéi shǒu xiě， shì fǒu kě yǐ chēng wéi bǎn běn， wǒ wú fǎ kěn dìng qǐng dà jiā zhǐ chū。 huò xǔ xué jiè yě jiāng jiǎn bó děng xíng shì de lǎo zǐ yě chēng wéi bǎn běn， dàn shì wǒ men xiàn zài bù huì jiāng shǒu gǎo chēng wéi shū jí。） xiàn zài， wǒ men yī bān suǒ shuō de tōng xíng běn zhǐ wáng bì běn、 fù yì běn。
yǐ lǎo zǐ zhù shì
《 lǎo zǐ》 bù jǐn bǎn běn zhòng duō， zhù shì zhě gèng shì lì dài bù duàn。 wǒ men xiàn dài rén dú tā zǒng jué dé yòu zhàng 'ài， zhè zhǒng zhàng 'ài shǒu xiān shì wén zì shàng de。 jiě jué zhè yàng de zhàng 'ài kě yǐ jiè zhù qián rén jí jīn rén duì《 lǎo zǐ》 de zhù shū děng xíng shì de wén zì jiě shì。 lìng yī fāng miàn dà gài kě yǐ shuō shì sī xiǎng fāng miàn de zhàng 'ài， duì《 lǎo zǐ》 suǒ biǎo dá de sī xiǎng bìng bù shì měi yī gè rén dū huì rèn kě huò lǐ jiě de。（ kě cān jiàn dào dé zhī yīn lùn tán http://bbs.daode.biz/viewthread.php?tid=2612）
zhōng guó chá dào yǔ dào jiā
dì yī jié tiān rén hé yī
zhōng guó chá dào xī shōu liǎo rú、 fó、 dào sān jiā de sī xiǎng jīng huá。 fó jiào qiáng diào " chán chá yī wèi " yǐ chá zhù chán， yǐ chá lǐ fó， zài cóng chá zhōng tǐ wèi kǔ jì de tóng shí， yě zài chá dào zhōng zhù rù fó lǐ chán jī， zhè duì chá rén yǐ chá dào wéi xiū shēn yǎng xìng de tú jìng， jiè yǐ dá dào míng xīn jiàn xìng de mùdì yòu hǎo chù。 ér dào jiā de xué shuō zé wéi chá rén de chá dào zhù rù liǎo " tiān rén hé yī " de zhé xué sī xiǎng， shù lì liǎo chá dào de líng hún。 tóng shí， hái tí gōng liǎo chóng shàng zì rán， chóng shàng pǔ sù， chóng shàng zhēn de měi xué lǐ niàn hé chóngshēng、 guì shēng、 yǎng shēng de sī xiǎng。
yī、 rén huà zì rán
rén huà zì rán， zài chá dào zhōng biǎo xiàn wéi rén duì zì rán de huí guī kě wàng， yǐ jí rén duì " dào " de tǐ rèn。 jù tǐ dì shuō， rén huà zì rán biǎo xiàn wéi zài pǐn chá shí lè yú yú zì rán qīn jìn， zài sī xiǎng qíng gǎn shàng néng yǔ zì rán jiāo liú， zài rén gé shàng néng yǔ zì rán xiāng bǐ nǐ bìng tōng guò chá shì shí jiàn qù tǐ wù zì rán de guī lǜ。 zhè zhǒng rén huà zì rán， shì dào jiā " tiān dì yǔ wǒ bìng shēng， ér wàn wù yǔ wǒ wéi yī " sī xiǎng de diǎn xíng biǎo xiàn。 zhōng guó chá dào yǔ rì běn chá dào bù tóng， zhōng guó chá dào " rén huà zì rán " de kě qiú tè bié qiáng liè， biǎo xiàn wèi chá rén men zài pǐn chá shí zhuī qiú jì qíng yú shān shuǐ， wàng qíng yǔ shān shuǐ， xīn róng yú shān shuǐ de jìng jiè。 yuán hǎo wèn de《 míng yǐn》 yī shī， jiù shì tiān rén hé yī zài pǐn míng shí de jù tǐ xiě zhào， qì hé zì rán de jué miào shī jù。 sù xǐng lái pò yàn gōng chuán， zǐ sǔn fēn fēng rù xiǎo qián。
huái huǒ shí quán hán shí hòu， bìn sī chán tà luò huā qián yī 'ōu chūn lù xiāng néng yǒng， wàn lǐ qīng fēng yì yǐ biàn。 xiè hòu huà xū yóu kě dào， péng lāi wèi nǐ wèn qún xiān。
shī rén yǐ huái huǒ shí quán jiān chá， duì zhe luò huā pǐn míng， yī bēi chūn lù yī yàng de chá néng zài shī rén xīn zhōng yǒng jiǔ liú xiāng， ér wàn lǐ qīng fēng zé sòng shī rén mèng yóu huá xū guó， bìng yǔ huà chéng xiān， shén yóu péng lāi sān shān， kě shì wéi rén huà zì rán de jí zhì。 chá rén yě zhǐ yòu dá dào rén huà zì rán de jìng jiè， cái néng huà zì rán de pǐn gé wéi zì jǐ de pǐn gé， cái néng cóng chá hú shuǐ fèi shēng zhōng tīng dào zì rán de hū xī， cái néng yǐ zì jǐ de " tiān xìng zì rán " qù jiē jìn， qù qì hé kè tǐ de zì rán， cái néng chè wù chá dào、 tiān dào、 rén dào。
èr、 zì rán huà de rén
" zì rán huà de rén " yě jí zì rán jiè wàn wù de rén gé huà、 rén xìng huà。 zhōng guó chá dào xī shōu liǎo dào jiā de sī xiǎng， bǎ zì rán de wàn wù dū kàn chéng jù yòu rén de pǐn gé、 rén de qíng gǎn， bìng néng yǔ rén jìn xíng jīng shén shàng de xiāng hù gōu tōng de shēng mìng tǐ， suǒ yǐ zài zhōng guó chá rén de yǎn lǐ， dà zì rán de yī shān yī shuǐ yī shí yī shā yī cǎo yī mù dū xiǎn dé gé wài kě 'ài， gé wài qīnqiè。
zài zhōng guó chá dào zhōng， zì rán rén huà bù jǐn biǎo xiàn zài shān shuǐ cǎo mù děng pǐn míng huán jìng de rén huà， ér qiě bāo hán liǎo chá yǐ jí chá jù de rén huà。
duì chá jìng de rén huà， píng tiān liǎo chá rén pǐn chá de qíng qù。 rú cáo sōng pǐn chá " kào yuè zuò cāng shān "， zhèng bǎn qiáo pǐn chá yāo qǐng " yī piàn qīng shān rù zuò "， lù guī méng pǐn chá " qǐ xí fēng kāi zhào lù qíng "， lǐ yǐng pǐn chá " rú yún zhèng hù yōu rén qiàn "， qí jǐ pǐn chá " gǔ qián chū qíng jiào dù juān "， cáo xuě qín pǐn chá " jīn lóng yīng wǔ huàn chá tānɡ "， bái jū yì pǐn chá " yě shè lín hè shì jiāo yóu "， zài chá rén yǎn lǐ， yuè yǒu qíng、 shān yòu qíng、 fēng yòu qíng、 yún yòu qíng， dà zì rán de yī qiēdōu shì chá rén de hǎo péng yǒu。 shī shèng dù fǔ de yī shǒu pǐn míng shī xiě dào luò rì píng tái shàng， chūn fēng chuò míng shí。
shí lán xié diǎn bǐ， tóng yè zuò tí shī。
fěi cuì míng yī héng， qīng tíng lì diào sī。
zì féng jīn rì xīng， lái wǎng yì wú qī。
quán shī rén huà zì rán hé zì rán rén huà xiāng jié hé， qíng jǐng jiāo róng、 dòng jìng jié hé、 shēng sè bìng mào、 xū shí xiāng shēng。
sū dōng pō yòu yī shǒu bǎ chá rén huà de shī：
xiān shān líng yǔ shī xíng yún， xǐ biàn xiāng jī fěn wèi yún。
míng yuè lái tóu yù chuān zǐ， qīng fēng chuī pò wǔ lín chūn。
yào zhī bīng xuě xīn cháng hǎo， bù shì gāo yóu shǒu miàn xīn。
xì zuò xiǎo shī jūn mò xiào， cóng lái jiā míng sì jiā rén。
zhèng yīn wéi dào jiā " tiān rén hé yī " de zhé xué sī xiǎng róng rù liǎo chá dào jīng shén zhī zhōng， zài zhōng guó chá rén xīn lǐ chōng mǎn zhe duì dà zì rán de wú bǐ rè 'ài， zhōng guó chá rén yòu zhe huí guī zì rán、 qīn jìn zì rán de qiáng liè kě wàng， suǒ yǐ zhōng guó chá rén zuì néng lǐng lüè dào " qíng lái shuǎng lǎng mǎn tiān dì " de jī qíng yǐ jí " gèng jué hè xīn yǎo míng " nà zhǒng yǔ dà zì rán dá dào " wù wǒ xuán huì " de jué miào gǎn shòu。
dì 'èr jié zhōng guó chá dào zhōng de dào jiā lǐ niàn
yī、 zūn rén
zhōng guó chá dào zhōng， zūn rén de sī xiǎng zài biǎo xiàn xíng shì shàng cháng jiàn yú duì chá jù de mìng míng yǐ jí duì chá de rèn shí shàng。 chá rén men xí guàn yú bǎ yòu tuō pán de gài bēi chēng wéi " sān cái bēi "。 bēi tuō wéi " dì "、 bēi gài wéi " tiān "， bēi zǐ wéi " rén "。 yì sī shì tiān dà、 dì dà、 rén gèng dà。 rú guǒ lián bēi zǐ、 tuō pán、 bēi gài yī tóng duān qǐ lái pǐn míng， zhè zhǒng ná bēi shǒu fǎ chēng wéi " sān cái hé yī "
èr、 guì shēng
guì shēng shì dào jiā wéi chá dào zhù rù de gōng lì zhù yì sī xiǎng。 zài dào jiā guì shēng、 yǎng shēng、 yuèshēng sī xiǎng de yǐng xiǎng xià， zhōng guó chá dào tè bié zhù zhòng " chá zhī gōng "， jí zhù zhòng chá de bǎo jiàn yǎng shēng de gōng néng， yǐ jí yí qíng yǎng xìng de gōng néng。
dào jiā pǐn chá bù jiǎng jiū tài duō de guīju， ér shì cóng yǎng shēng guì shēng de mùdì chū fā， yǐ chá lái zhùzhǎng gōng xíng nèi lì。 rú mǎ yù de yī shǒu《 cháng sī rén · chá》 zhōng xiě dào： yī qiāng chá， èr qiāng chá， xiū xiàn jī xīn míng lì jiā， wú mián wèi zuò chā。 wú wéi chá， zì rán chá， tiān cì xiū xīn yǔ dào jiā， wú mián gōng xíng jiā。 kě jiàn， dào jiā yǐn chá yǔ shì sú rè xīn yú míng lì de rén pǐn chá bù tóng， tān tú gōng lì míng lù de rén yǐn chá huì shī mián， zhè biǎo míng tā men de jīng shén jìng jiè tàichà。 ér chá shì tiān cì gěi dào jiā de qióng jiāng xiān lù， yǐn liǎo chá gèng yòu jīng shén， bù shì shuì jiù gèng néng tǐ dào wù dào， zēng tiān gōng lì hé dàohéng。
gèng duō de dào jiā gāo rén dū bǎ chá dāng zuò wàng què hóng chén fán nǎo， xiāo yáo xiǎng lè jīng shén de yī dà lè shì。 duì cǐ， dào jiào nán zōng wǔ zǔ zhī yī de bái yù chán zài《 shuǐ diào gē tóu · yǒng chá》 yī cí zhōng xiě dé hěn miào。
èr yuè yī fān yǔ， zuó yè yī shēng léi。
qiāng qí zhēng zhǎn， jiàn xī chūn sè zhàn xiān kuí。
cǎi qǔ zhī tóu què shé， dài lù hé yān dǎo suì， liàn zuò zǐ jīn duī。
niǎn pò chūn wú xiàn， fēi qǐ lǜ chén 'āi。
jí xīn quán， pēng huó huǒ， shì jiāng lái， fàng xià tù háo 'ōu zǐ， zī wèi shé tóu huí。
huàn xǐng qīng zhōu cóng shì， zhàn tuì shuì mó bǎi wàn， mèng bù dào yáng tái。
liǎng yè qīng fēng qǐ， wǒ yù shàng péng lāi。
sān、 zuò wàng
" zuò wàng " shì dào jiā wèile yào zài chá dào dá dào " zhì xū jí， shǒu jìng dǔ " de jìng jiè 'ér tí chū de zhì jìng fǎ mén。 shòu lǎo zǐ sī xiǎng de yǐng xiǎng， zhōng guó chá dào bǎ " jìng " shì wéi " sì dì " zhī yī。 rú hé shǐ zì jǐ zài pǐn míng shí xīn jìng dá dào " yī sī bù liú "、 yī chén bù rǎn， yī wàng bù cún de kōng líng jìng jiè ní？ dào jiā yě wéi chá dào tí gōng liǎo rù jìng de fǎ mén， zhè chēng zhī wéi " zuò wàng "， jí， wàng diào zì jǐ de ròu shēn， wàng diào zì jǐ de cōng míng。 chá dào tí chàng rén yǔ zì rán de xiāng hù gōu tōng， róng huà wù wǒ zhī jiān de jiè xiàn， yǐ jí " dí chú xuán jiàn "" chéng xīn wèi xiàng " de shěn měi guān zhào， jūn kě tōng guò " zuò wàng " lái shí xiàn。
sì、 wú jǐ
dào jiā bù jū míng jiào， chún rèn zì rán， kuàng dá xiāo yáo de chǔshì tài dù yě shì zhōng guó chá dào de chǔshì zhī dào。 dào jiā suǒ shuō de " wú jǐ " jiù shì chá dào zhōng zhuī qiú de " wú wǒ "。 wú wǒ， bìng fēi shì cóng ròu tǐ shàng xiāo miè zì wǒ， ér shì cóng jīng shén shàng mǐn miè wù wǒ de duì lì， dá dào qì hé zì rán、 xīn nà wàn wù。 " wú wǒ " shì zhōng guó chá dào duì xīn jìng de zuì gāo zhuī qiú， jìn jǐ nián lái tái wān hǎi xiá liǎng 'àn chá rén pín pín lián hé jǔ bàn guó jì " wú wǒ " chá huì， rì běn、 hán guó chá rén yě jī jí cānyù， zhè zhèng shì duì " wú wǒ " jìng jiè de yī zhǒng yòu yì cháng shì。
wǔ、 dào fǎ zì rán， fǎn pǔ guī zhēn
zhōng guó chá dào qiáng diào " dào fǎ zì rán "， bāo hán liǎo wù zhì、 xíng wéi、 jīng shén sān gè céng cì。 wù zhì fāng miàn， zhōng guó chá dào rèn wéi： " chá shì nán fāng zhī jiā mù "。 shì dà zì rán 'ēn cì de " zhēn mù líng yá "， zài zhǒng chá、 cǎi chá、 zhì chá shí bì xū shùn yìng dà zì rán de guī lǜ cái néng chǎn chū hǎo chá， xíng wéi fāng miàn， zhōng guó chá dào jiǎng jiū zài chá shì huó dòng zhōng， yī qiē yào yǐ zì rán wéi měi， yǐ pǔ shí wéi měi， dòng zé xíng yún liú shuǐ， jìng rú shān yuè pán shí， xiào zé rú chūn huā zì kāi， yán zé rú shān quán yín sù， yī jǔ shǒu， yī tóu zú， yī pín yī xiào dū yìng fā zì zì rán， rèn yóu xīn xìng， jué wú zào zuò。
jīng shén fāng miàn， dào fǎ zì rán， fǎn pǔ guī zhēn， biǎo xiàn wéi zì jǐ de xìng xīn dé dào wán quán jiě fàng， shǐ zì jǐ de xīn jìng dé dào qīng jìng、 tián dàn、 jì mò、 wú wéi， shǐ zì jǐ de xīn líng suí chá xiāng mí màn， fǎng fó zì jǐ yǔ yǔ zhòu róng hé， shēng huá dào " wú wǒ " de jìng jiè。
zhōu yì de nèi róng shǔ rú jiā xué shuō , zhōu yì de xíng shì shǔ dào jiā lǐ lùn . gù zhōu yì yīngshì rú dào hé yī de quán jiā xué shuō .
dào fǎ zì rán
guó xué zhì huì jīng cuì：
zhǎng wò jìn tuì zì rú de shēng cún zhì huì
lǐng wù gāng róu xiāng jì de chǔshì cè lüè
xué huì shùn nì cóng róng de zì rán xuǎn zé
gǎn shòu huò fú xiāng yǐ de yīn guǒ xiào yìng
chuàng zào jìng zào hé yī de rén shēng zhuàng tài
tí shēng qǐ yè fā zhǎn de guǎn lǐ zhī dào
rú dào jīng suǐ héng héng yǐ“ rén” wéi běn， shì qǐ yè hé xié fā zhǎn zhī gēn běn
yǐ“ yì” yù rén， kě péi yǎng qǐ yè tuán duì jīng shén
yǐ“ lǐ” dài kè， yíng dé rén jì guān xì， huò dé qǐ yè xìn yù
yǐ“ zhì” wéi guì， yǒng yú chuàng xīn， bù duàn fā zhǎn
yǐ“ xìn” wéi guì， rén 'ér wú xìn， bù zhī qí kě， xìn shì zuò rén zhī běn、 xīng yè zhī dào
dào jiā zhì huì héng héng
měi guó zǒng tǒng lǐ gēn shàng rèn hòu xuān bù“ dào xué yuán lǐ” wéi zhù dǎo sī xiǎng， lì wēi guó jì ……《 dào dé jīng》， yī bù bèi yù wéi rén lèi lì shǐ shàng zuì wěi dà de chuán shì jīng diǎn， tā jí shāng dào、 bīng dào、 zhèng dào、 rén dào、 tiān dào…… wéi yī tǐ， chéng zài zhù zhōng huá mín zú zuì hòu zhòng de wén huà、 níng jù zhù huá xià wén míng zuì huī huáng de zhì huì， wéi lì dài dì wáng jiàngxiàng、 wén rén xián shì suǒ tuī chóng。 hé xié shì jiè， yǐ dào xiāng tōng。 zhǎng wò“ dào fǎ zì rán” de zì rán zhé xué， fā huī bó dà jīng shēn de zhì huì zhī sī， tàn tǎo rén shēng zhī zhēn dì、 chǔshì zhī zhé lǐ、 jīng yíng zhī“ dà dào”， míng tiān dào liǎo rén dào kāi qǐ shāng dào， zhēn zhèng shí xiàn yǐ dào yù shù、 nèi shèng wài wáng。
chán zōng zhì huì yǔ qǐ yè lún lǐ héng héng
shēn kè tǐ huì chán zōng suǒ yùn hán de duì běn xìng de guān huái， yǐ jí yóu cǐ chū fā 'ér zhǎn kāi de chǔshì fāng shì、 rén shēng zhuī qiú、 shěn měi qíng qù、 chāo yuè jīng shén， jiāng chán zōng jīng shén chéng míng gāo yuǎn de jìng jiè yǐn rù dào qǐ yè， jiàn lì gè zì qǐ yè de lún lǐ tǐ xì， zhēn zhèng shí xiàn qǐ yè zhì lǐ de zhì gāo jìng jiè， zài xiàn lǐng dǎo yì shù de diān fēng。
Taoism and Taoist Taoist category included books such as "I note", "Kinship" and so on.
One school of thought during the Qin Dynasty to Laozi and Zhuangzi as the chief representative. Daoist thought advocating natural dialectics of factors and there is the tendency of atheism, while the main Zhang Qingjing inaction against the struggle.
Historical Origins of Taoism
Taoism is the core of "Road", that "Road" is the origin of the universe, is also the rule of law of the universe in all sports. I had said in his book: "Things hybrid, the first world health. Siew Ah! Liao Oh! Independent and not change for heaven and earth mother. Wuwei know these names, powerful and named Road" ("I" s 25)
"Sima Qian," Sima Qian's father, Sima Tan Han Taishiling had written called "essence of Six" article, the Pre School summarized as Taoism, Confucianism, ink, name, method, yin and yang, 6, and described six thrust and gains and losses. He said: "the spirit of Taoism makes specific, dynamic co-invisible, age support enough of all things. It is also for the operation, due to the large Yin Shun, adopting Confucianism and the good name of Act to be summarized, with the migration, should things change, established customs agent, not nothing, that is about obviousness adopted, but do little more than power. "" nothingness based its operation in order to follow for the use. not as a shame, no fixed form, it can study the situation of all things. not the material first, not after things, so the Lord for everything. "
Taoism was later Dou Zhang Lu's five other religious absorption, and evolved into one of China's major religions - Taoism. Wei romantic metaphysics in the talk when more emphasis alchemy. Therefore, the Taoists and Taoism were often confused. (Zhang Lu, also known as Zhang Daoling, "Five Pecks of Rice Road," the founder, is also considered the founder of Taoism).
Basic concepts of Taoism
Taoist emphasis on human freedom and liberation. The one hand, the liberation of the liberation of human knowledge and ability, on the other hand is the mood of the liberation of human life, the former proposed "to learn more, day loss for the Road", "one also goes to He is also a non-non" principle of understanding, the latter who made "modest" and "weak", "soft" and "Mind Studio", "Oblivion," "butterfly" and other life skill to face the world. Taoism stresses "human day one", "person-day accordingly," and "without struggle, good and not harm", "repair of the body, its moral is true," "humble Solid", "by heaven and earth are, and Royal Debate six gas to travel infinite "and" Law on the yin and yang, to Park should be redundant to simple to be complicated. "and so on.
The philosophy of Taoism
Important philosophers of thinking
Lao Zi is the most important pioneers after the Taoist theory, Taoist philosophy of Lao-II is basically just. Different from the Taoist Chuang Tzu Lao school, this is to Chuang Tzu who dealt in greater detail the relationship between nature, people can create capabilities, including intelligence, the cognitive ability, physical energy on and so on. Zhuangzi also stand based on the proposition that the natural way of heaven, made from human self-cultivation to the country face the entire community of life skills, book 7 of the Chuang Tzu as is his knowledge from the view of the world to work on the philosophy of social The Saints and the theory of foreign Kings.
Liezi Warring States Period, people. Some existing "Lie Zi" 8 is the series of the Eastern Jin Zhang Zhan is generally believed that the book reflects the thinking of the Warring States to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. "Lie Zi" starting from Taoism and Taoist view of life in some transformation of inaction in the natural world, we emphasize the positive role and that of people without any force a force in a living state, not worry about day defying genius is the best living conditions.
Wang Bi, who the Three Kingdoms era. When the Han Dynasty through the development of science has come to an end, social and political unrest and has been in the situations of injustice, intellectual atmosphere of talk turned to metaphysics, Wang Bi by its deep understanding the philosophy of Lao Zi, Lao Zi notes "the moral" book, with heavy body distinction whether the other not only to develop the purpose of interpretation of the old school: "you no" spirit and principles of this comment, "I Ching", has even changed the words from the Chinese, as has the number of easy to learn qi cosmology The research direction of the I Ching Metaphysics simply replace the history of the Chinese Book of Changes to a new situation.
Guo Xiang, the Western Jin Dynasty people to "Zhuang Zi" is famous for advocating "independence" theory is a highly abstract thinking from which developed out of the metaphysical style concept holds that the universe all things are born by accident, "Xuan Ming" state so No matter the size of each promote a smooth its proper spirit, equality and respect for each life, outlook on life.
Taoist development period
Some scholars believe that ancient Taoist hermit of origin should be traditional, of course, some scholars say that I was Qingmiao of the Code, in short, the origin of Taoism is not an active participant in social and political, that they observe the world situation the sidelines, and seriously thinking about the truth of the universe the use of the abstract and not with a high degree of persistence of the language of ideology, describing Heaven and personnel changes in the law, is the level of theory study is their expertise. When the total Pre-old Zhuang Erzi photo finishing the program of Taoism, the Taoist metaphysical depth of thought Confucianism and Legalism immediately affect the metaphysical thinking of the Confucian "Yi" in making and Han Fei Zi "old solution" for all of is established on the basis of its theory of hsin. However, the actual impact on the socio-political, I shall learn to go to the implementation of the Early Han-faire governance after the test was officially because Diego through the Spring and Autumn, Warring States, Mie Qin, Chu and Han battle of the war is finally coming to the community Stop the time, has finally found the harmful effects of the struggle and recuperate Zheng-qiang important, so the old Principles of political philosophy thus neglected. Strong until the Western Han Dynasty, King began to grandiose, curtain again war years, the trend of the times change again, and then also re-corrupt, on the wind until the Wei Jinqing, Taoism began its vitality, He Yan, Wang Bi's first opened its wind , Wang Bi also with brief and for injection through, from the theoretical in-depth study and Taoist to be elucidated, but to show, Guo Xiang's comments were the work of the development of village school. Wei and Jin Dynasties, Taoism does not have clear-cut to create the traditional representation, but the Taoist logic, but to Taoism, and Confucianism to learn to use the theory to create the important revelation, particularly from the Zhuangzi gasification cosmology, but also widely and to further develop the depth. Buddhism spread during the same period, there have been a long time off is the Taoist "no" to the expression of the wisdom principle, namely the World called "Ge Buddhist" period.
Taoist contributions to Chinese culture
Understanding of Taoism
Road to Road are Road, were the very name can be.
These two words is the maximum depth I thought, but in fact the most simple and obvious truth.
In fact, the two words is a meaning.
The actual split, should be: Road to the eternal Tao. Can also be split into: Road to, way wrong, always emphasized. Meaning is very simple, but very much like rocks, like the mountains, different people see different things. No conclusion, this is the highest moral by the most mysterious places deep, in fact, is what it means.
Road, heaven and earth. Dao, everyone can attain the. Extremely Road, but None of the eternal world of the Road Road. (Some versions of non-permanent road) together is: heaven and earth, but everyone can get the real way, but things in the world round after round of Road, None of the Hang Road. Not enough white? Then some of it in white!
STOMATOLOGY translated text: King of the rules I actually not that complicated to do is observe all around, love life, enjoy life, can realize this "mysterious" of the Road. But do not forget that all the world's Road, are not eternal, all things are born naturally have died. Laozi's Dao De Jing This is not the embodiment of truth, sooner or later will replace ousted. In reality, this world without constant Road truth, that is, all things of the Road.
Road may be, way wrong, always emphasized that in fact largely the reason.
Road may be, way to influence all things.
Road non, but then there are a large Road was overthrown, overthrown the time.
Chang Road, the only world is the Tao Chang Tao, all things are beginnings and ends.
The two split the meaning of law is the same, in fact, you can try, these six words, no matter what method of demolition, the meaning is the same, this is exquisite cycle of all things should be deducted Taoism, Tai Chi often turn central idea. This is the greatest wisdom of Lao Tzu.
Ha ha, actually I thought that the fundamental self, normal, harmonious and circulation.
As long as you happy, in peace, see through the self, tolerance of others.
You already can be regarded as a disciple of Lao Tzu it!
Introduction Taoism founder
. I, under the "Historical Records" of the records, surnamed Li, famous ears, posthumous said, Dan, word boyang, Chu suffering County (now Guoyang County) people. About life in the former between 571 to 471, have done hidden history of the Zhou Dynasty of Shou. I was familiar with our people, a great ancient Chinese thinker, he conceived of "the moral" philosophy in ancient China created the first of its kind. His philosophy and his creation of the Taoist school of thought not only to cultural development in ancient China, made important contributions, but also thinking of our 2000 years of cultural development, had a profound impact.
I was born
In the summer of 576 BC in June, Songguo Guo Jun died were public, the right teacher in charge of China Yuan national policy. To the left of the fish division, led by Shi Heng's clan for a long time have to seek political heart, helplessness of the public office, not in their hands. Now see the death of the public, who was uprising. As the look for a job is not close, Leak, was led by Dai Yuan Hua Song clan out. Since then, the Ren Xiangrong for the teacher left, the old Suketame Sima, ethnic music as Sikou; Lixin Jun, which is Songping Gong.
Huan Shi rate of the fish's lineage line two hundred people fled to Chu, a guest Chu years. In the summer of 573 BC, Jun, Chu raised his army Fa Song, capturing the Pengcheng Song (now Xuzhou), sealed stone fish, fish House defenders, and left by car to help guard 300.
Words surrounded by Pengcheng Song, day and night attack. Valiant mighty old junior, took the lead, making Song Junshi gas boosted by less than half, Pengcheng defenders will be jeopardized. Day, fish stone fish on the government supervise operations in the city, many people see the Song such as ants, all bravely, shelf ladders board the city, everyone rushed out; see a silver helmet Ginko general, armored white horse, galloping on the battlefield of on their plans. One of Chu will ask: "Who will be the Song?" Fish Stone replied: "Yes the new Sima, Wai Bing Lord old junior." Chu will have discussion, said: "Siege Lord, not in the military after a front view of the enemy , Que Tu Chi in the military before the left the right of foreign trade, can not help morale! this view, Pengcheng too dangerous! "But the fish is a stone's shenanigans, he has on his subordinates, said:" things will become and lost, things will failure is made, there are many examples in history, knows our military defeat? old junior heroic omu, take the lead, which he success of this; opinionated, arrogant, which is the root of his failure. how can I know his army win? "Chu will ask:" if the left division's intimate knowledge of what a good plan? "Fish Stone replied:" armed forces relative, or after the previous commander, to play it by ear. Now Songbing siege, Lord highlights Before braving the arrows while galloping, which is taboo for military strategists Yeah! I have a small account, and if the total act, Song Juncheng lost, is hard to say. "
Department of Fish Rock is for the original delegate stab, shoot old junior, is the military before coming to oversee the old Junior, suddenly flying arrow, into the chest Wucun. Unfortunately fell off the horse died. Song without leadership, defeated, scattered and fled.
Dependents are at Songying Jun Sato old account, there are maids, home to a dozen, dozens of bodyguards. Juventa old junior died, see waves coming military collapse, the public will quickly drive home, protect the old lady fled. And the war and fled to the evening, pursuers Although not seen, but the old lady left side only two maids, a drive home to the. Home will not pause, daytime and dark forward, Huangbuzelu, ran along the south-west. The second day the morning the came to a remote village, the villagers asked the way to the Song are all shaking their heads did not. Family will only know should westbound, turned out that the long southerly. Group of four people around the trails, visit the 7th, still not see all of Song, but came with Yap Chen (today Luyi East). Is the time line, the wife Tujue belly pain. The old lady had been pregnant in July, before the old Suketame Jian Jun promise to win the heart of family members along with expedition. At this point defeat, the old people have a bereavement grief, desperate countries, heart anxiety, fatigue, and even the belly of fetal movement, pain. Maid panic flawless, on-street parking at home will be busy, Benzhi find an old woman came to the village. However, a few carved time, just listen to sounds within the caravan, "wah-wah," cries a premature baby born, this is the son of the old Junior ─ ─ Lao Tzu. I was born, the infirm and the head large, wide eyebrows and ears wide projects such as the deep clear beads, nose, such as point machines with dual-beam. Grow up its ears, so named "Dan"; because Tiger was born in GY (BC 571), relatives and neighbors who say they call the little fox child, that "little tigers" was intended. Between people because of Jianghuai the "cat" a judge and "raccoon children", sound with the "Great Unification." Over time, the old Dan nickname "fox child" has become the name "Great Unification" pass down from generation to generation.
Birth mother and the poor old woman, see, so that his party of five was admitted to their homes. Lao Zhang to open a pharmacy for a living, surnamed Chen, Chen called Papa, why is that woman as Mrs. Chen. Mrs. Chen knees had no children, and his kind-hearted enthusiasm for the three west wing, leaving the old lady a living. Old lady of crisis, and met a person of this kind, grateful hearts; Although the war displaced, after all, out of a large house to carry valuables is still enough to get by. Plus the home will often help Chen dad make a living, two maid household, young and old 5, life has still moist. Since then, Song war will be in the old Junior's wife and children lived down Chen.
Bright young
Old Dan childhood intelligence, meditation, studious, often wrapped around the State House will hear the rise and fall, success or failure of the war, ritual divination, viewing things like testing. Old lady expectations for their children, make a master Mr. Shang Ritual professor of commercial content. Business capacity through astronomy, geography, Bo ancient rituals, old Dan, a deeply respected.
Into the school week
Mr. Business Professor for three years, bid farewell to Ms. Xiang Lao: "The old lady know shallow, Dan Angie children, three years and an old man of science award??
Today to bid farewell, no end is also non-old lady professor, school of children of non-Dan are not diligent. The school is a bit old lady have to do. Dan children seek the infinite, to have to do for the infinite, almost did not have difficulties? Dan child, the child also Wang Zhiyuan map; with-eup, remote block of ground. Wants to be tick Pu and jade, take into the week all the demand studies.
All week, classics such as the sea, the Magi clouds, the world is the Holy Land itself, not into its difficult to National Cheng Kung University within the device. "Getting old lady's remark, the hearts of screenwriters: Dan is the child of a party 13 years, Song Du Shangju difficult to return, such as the board last week were it not for nine days? 2 is an old clan leaving only the root, how assured he alone walk alone? Is hesitation, I do not know how to answer, that Mr. unexpectedly guess know as difficulty, and quickly said: "In real say so, the old brothers to Dr. Zhou Taixue, knowledgeable, help one mind, to love Jingxian to people living trees to help Yin for fun to recommend Yin for any. Domestic child prodigy digital, rests with civil chosen to. Do not supply food and clothing, like our own children to be.
Dr. Wen made the old lady, known Dan Shansi children eager to learn, intelligent and extraordinary, long-standing wish of seeing them. Recently, a number of servants who pass through here, especially his letter the old lady, desire children last week with Dan. This is a lifetime of opportunity, hope value service! "Upon hearing this old lady can not help but bittersweet. Hee sponsor, so Dan affinity children into weeks, Teng Lung a road; sad mother and son were and what day the visibility? Thinking now, as if Dan had children thousands of miles away, not feel sad hard suppression, and tears. Old Dan's mother flapping arms, sobbing words: "The mother goes without sorrow, Dan never negative teacher expectations of children, to be successful on my industry, will certainly soon to meet his mother! "He finished, mother and two-phase hold each other and cry.
Crying for a long time, mother and two-person show and was happy and recommend Mr. Bese grace. Three days later, family and business to five miles away Mr. Song Lao Dan. 11 Old Dan kneeling, launched with Dr. westbound servants away. Looking to the old lady Dan shadow children away, had just depressed into the car, Men Men return. "
Old Dan into the week, Meet the Doctor into the Imperial College, astronomy, geography, human relations, nothing is science, "Poems" and "book" "easy," "Calendar," "Li" "Music" Ubiquitous access to, artifacts, institutions, history books do not learn nothing, for three years while the improvement was great. Doctor has recommended its entry for the Officials of Storage Room. Keep hidden room is Zhouchao Dian Ji collection, which they _set_ the world of the text, to close the world of books, voluminous, nothing is there. Old Dan Department which swim into the sea like a dragon, the wide sea with Dragon; such as eagle wings blue sky, sky high the birds to fly. Old Dan hungry, Expo pan-concept, gradually attain nirvana, through ritual and the source of moral purpose next three years, then moved to keep possession of any room history, the well-known at home and sound broadcasting.
Professor of Confucius
Old Dan home Sunday for a long time, knowledge of the community, famous Japanese ring. Spring and Autumn Period, said knowledgeable person as "son" to show respect, so that people them registering as old Dan, "I."
One day in 538 BC, Confucius disciples Shadows Jing Shu said: "The weeks of storage room for the history of the old Code Dan, erudite and informed, know the source of ritual, to be clear moral. This week to ask for advice Wu Yu, Yu is willing to go there? "Shadows Jingshu readily agreed to immediately report to Lu Jun. Lu Jun quasi-line. Removal of a child for a car of a Royal two horses, accompanied by the Nangong Jing Shu to Confucius. I see all the way from Confucius, very happy, after the professor also cited Confucius Hung Chang's visit to the doctor. Chang Hung-good music, legal music award Confucius, music theory; cited Confucius ritual of the Code of view, the test mission, the police temple ritual, so Confucius sigh, in particular. Stay for a few days. I bid farewell to Confucius. Dan sent the old premises, the message for Road: "I have heard of, a rich and give it away with money and virtue are given away by words. I is not rich is not expensive, no money to send thee; willing to take a few words both hands. a world of smart and deep police who were killed and several regards its so dead, is a good person No, not ridiculed; eloquent and accessible person, its so Zhaohuo and repeated The body is also good Yang evil person. man son, do not to have been as high; man of the minister, do not to have the last, hope Ru remember. "Confucius obeisance:" The disciples must keep in mind! "
Lao Tzu: "The world no one pushing on his own, no burning sun and the moon while the self-evident, no one out in the preface to the stars, animals without artificial and self, This is the natural whom also, why should people almost? People, Health, so No, it rong, so shame, there are Ziranzhili, of nature too. Shun Ziranzhili and trends, follow the natural opposite direction, the country is self-government, others from now, why Jin-Jin Yue and advocate in righteousness Zai? Jinjin in ritual and advocate righteousness, is against the people of nature far from the truth! as if seeking to escape the man who beat the drums, hit the ring more, then who survived fled far from the truth! "
Pause a moment, I finger The vast Yellow River, on Confucius said: "Ruhe not learn water Dade Secular?" Confucius said: "What is moral of water?" I said: "of charity: water benefits all things without struggling, Department everyone of the evil, This is also the virtue of Humility; it Jianghai so for 100 Valley king, under its good, then the valley for 100 King. the world Mo weak in water, but strong tackling able to win MO, This is soft te; the victory just so soft and weak of the strong won the Caine. its not there, so to get into the seamless, can be seen teaching without words, inaction and the benefits are. "Confucius heard this, suddenly realized Road : "President's remark made me Dunkaimaosai also: everyone Department, and water alone under; everyone is fragile, water alone insurance; everyone Department clean, dirty water alone. in which every person of the evil, who with husband war or Down? this so as the good deeds. "I nodded and said:" Ruke teach also! Ruke remember: aloof, the world no one can compete with them, This is to follow the example of water te. the water a few at the Road: Tao is everywhere, water, nothing negative, to avoid becoming the next high, perhaps a somewhat reverse, good lands also; Air Service Cham quiet, unfathomable. good for the yuan also; loss and inexhaustible, not for reporting facilities, good as it is benevolent; Won will spin, side will fold, Cyprus will only, never will flow, good faith also; group of dirty washing, stabilization heights, things are good governance; to _set_ the float to Kam is clear to attack the enemy is strong and monensin efficient use of energy also; around the clock, PCG backward, when treated well. Therefore, at any time and saints row, Sage should do the same; wise for to rule over those born Sunchon. Ru after this to be to arrogance in the statement table, in addition to Chi desire for looks. Otherwise, the people before the arrival of the voice has been heard, but the wind has been prevented from moving body, Zhangzhang Yang Yang, such as the tiger line in the street, who would dare to use you? "Confucius said:" President's words from the heart of the heart and spleen infiltration disciples, disciples benefit, a lifetime. disciple will not relent espousal to Mr. Xie grace. "finish, I say goodbye, and Nangong Jingshu on the train, reluctant to part Lu fled to.
Back to Lu, the public disciples asked: "Sir, I visited can be almost too see?" Confucius said: "See the!" Disciples asked. "What I like?" Confucius said: "Bird, I know it can fly; fish, I know it can travel; beast, I know it can go. Go who can tie the network, run by the fishing hook can be used, who can fly arrows taken from, The Dragon, I do not know the why? Long by clouds and the nine days also! I see I have, its still dragon Down? knowledge profound and unpredictable, profound and difficult to understand the high inclination; like a snake of any flexion, seasonal changes such as the Dragon. Old Dan, really Wushi also! '"
High on life and death
Dan Zhou keep saying the old storage room for history, few were allowed to go home, wish to advise the mother followed last week; mother with Yap Chen lived in a long time, people Rehmannia cooked, do not want to move far away. Riyuerusuo, with time, an instant has passed 30 years. Day, the old Dan Mandrax home information, made my mother was dying, was reported to the emperor, go home inspect. To be home, the mother has passed away. Looking at the vast pile of earth on the Loess Plateau, thought heaven the souls of her mother, recalled his mother kindly appearance, raising the ex, old Dan distraught, eat or sleep all waste, sat on the floor, meditation, suddenly developed their own stupidity; ko recourse , and suddenly, relief, sorrow digestion, Dunjue body tired hungry belly. So meal, fell asleep.
Home to the ladies are feeling strange, wait until wake up, ask about it. Old Dan replied: "Life is known to the world, sentient beings with intelligence. Love, the enemies London harmonic and phase with warm temperature; a wise, so sensible governing accessibility and chaos. Love those wise laws also; wise man, love the Lord also . to love through wisdom, the people stupid and things upside down; to intellectual intelligence system, then the people something intelligent and heterozygosity. mother gave birth to Dan, Enchongrushan. Dan speech this mother and left Dan feeling too hard. love too hard, human nature also. too hard and not to intelligence systems, there will be chaos men, and it is sad and not want students. this Dan sit and meditate, suddenly wise, so as to intellectual intelligence system, it can control the situation but things can also conditioning. Love to system, things can be reasonable, then the belly of hunger and Yushi, body tired and drowsiness AIDS. "
Home to ask: "Why President Chi Love?"
"Human health, but to have also rests not; from the no to yes, will not by a while back too. No Dan Dan the mother and the time, no Muzizhiqing also; the mother of Dan and Dan, before a mother and son feeling also; mother to leave Dan, the mother and the child's unique situation has also ruthless; mother when Dan are not, then in no circumstances are. human with human feelings when no return is not nor do not, after almost? no other while indulging in love, grief does not want students, do not yu Down? it Gurouzhiqing too hard men, and everyone that, together in love also; too hard and not the system, then back Ziranzhili also. back Ziranzhili is Yu now! Dan thought to this, it loss of appetite and sleep can sleep carry on. "everyone heard of heart are suddenly broad-minded.
函谷 books
Zhou Jing Wang two years (518 BC), the old Dan mourning expired back weeks. Zhou Jing Wang four years (BC 5l6), the weeks of civil unrest in the royal family, Prince Liu towards shuaibing capture the public as at the beginning. Zhou Jing Wang forced. Sheng Jin Guoqiang was sent troops to rescue Zhou Jing Wang. Prince towards the less, to bring the old Royal Court classics escape Liao Chu. Old Dan suffered dereliction of duty, while the speech implicated the old post. So Imperial Villa hermit, riding Hitodo cattle, For the Hangu Pass, Journey to the West Qin.
Customs officials keep saying the Hangu Pass Yin Kwan, little time is a good view of astronomy, love reading classics, deep cultivation. Day night, independent floor, peered over the sky view, to find that the East Ziyun aggregation, its three miles long, shaped like a dragon, rolling from east to west, to himself: "Purple East to three miles, sage westbound through here. blue cattle slowly _set_ man, possessing vitality mixed form has disappeared. "Guan Yin Dan morning news the old name, I thought I Could is the future? Then sent forty miles of road sweeping, narrow lane incense to welcome saints.
July 12 afternoon, sun_set_ West Ramp, East shooting light. Guan Yin their way to Shimonoseki view to find that closing the Xi Luo has an elderly pedestrian, riding a blue ox came back. Old man with white hair like snow, its brow vertical temples, the lobe shoulder, his knee to be vertical, the roots of robe, and simple clean. Guan Yin Ertan his back: "I had the honor students. Too see the saints!" Three steps and for two steps, ran forward to kneel in prayer before the young cattle: "The Kwan Yin Koujian saints"
I listening, laughing: "flattered, award-winning! The old lady name as early as you heard, especially to call." Kwan Yin heard this joyful, kowtow not cope. After Guan Yin lead I to the official residences, please I sit, incense and rows disciple, pleaded: "Sir, is now the big sage! Sage, not to his own intellectual theft as their own will to the whole world intellectual responsibility also. Jinru will retreat rather than benevolence, ask for advice choosing the hard to find now! why not thy Divine Perception forward to the book? Guan Yin though shallow, on behalf of the President is willing to pass on to later generations, Liufangqiangu, for the benefit of generations. "
Old Dan promised to dynastic success or failure of the safety of people, good and bad fortune as a warning, be traced back to the source, the upper and lower 2, a total of 5000 words. Part beginning of the "Road to the eternal Tao; names can be named, very name", so called "Road Classic." Beginning of the next "on the virtue is not virtue, is virtuous; losing Germany under the German, is no virtue", enemies known as "De Jing", collectively, the "Tao Te Ching." "Drive by" made the universe of the root, including changes in the machine world, changes of Yin and Yang Yun Miao; next "De Jing", the words of life skills side, with advance and retreat of the operation personnel, Yun longevity and the road. Kwan Yin was the, treasure, silent recitation all day, hungry.
"The moral" full http://www.guoxue.com/zibu/zibu_zhuziml/laozi.htm
Attunement Yoko Home
Day trip to riding on a cow the old Dan Liang (now Kaifeng) of the countryside, is close their eyes meditatively, Juventa someone shouted "Sir." Dan heard this old, opened his eyes and found a disciple Yoko home.
Yoko home, Wei person, Imperial College into the week, I heard profound, I have private prayer for the division. Did not think the beam will I meet, Yoko hurried home immediately from a high head and large turning down, off Kam green robe, kneeling on old Dan before the high-risk young cattle. Old Dan down, propped up Yoko home, with phase and peers.
Old Dan asked: "disciples what had been busy?"
Yoko home salute: "The home to visit their ancestors, the purchase of property, modification Liang Dong, recruitment servants, remediation family rules."
Old Dan: "There lay the body, the diet of the Department is sufficient, to be so Zhang Yang?"
Home Yoko said: "Mr. Slim, need to sit still, lines need to relax, drink clear need to prime, lying be peaceful, non-residential single family with deep, how can this be? Home deep single-family house, servants do not move, do not prepare equipment why can sustain them? recruitment servants, maintained by equipment does not make family rules, how to rule? "
Old Dan laughed: "Road nature, why strong self quiet. OK without seeking and self-loose, drink without extravagance and self-cleaning, lying no desire and self-Ning. Cultivating what need is deep house? Belly hunger and food, body lack the interest , sunrise, sun_set_ and sleep. home Who needs the public served? conform to the natural but not to, then the safety and physical health of God; back natural Battalion, the God of disorder and body damage. "
Yoko confidant humble home, ashamed: "The disciples vulgar, thank you, Mr. teach."
Old Dan asked. "Where to live?"
Yang at the home said: "Pei (present Pei County in Jiangsu)."
Old Dan said: "just accompanied by peer." Yoko home very happy. Pleased with the teachers go hand in hand towards the line. Line to the hard water, two boat and ferry. Old Dan cows and first registration, Yoko home then on the lead horse. Old Dan Chi Yung Xiao Mao. Laughing and living in harmony with the ferry passengers; Yoko home heads held high, the guests to see the facilities of Block, the owner see the offer towel or disabled people. Hard water too, two riding a sacrificial move on. Old Dan sighed: "Just now view your demeanor, their heads held high, disdain for others, the only had Domination, arrogant, does not get too." Yoko home side with a look of shame, sincere words: "The disciples form the habit, a certain Correct! "Old Dan Road," a gentleman and one office, if it vanish in the water, working with others, such as the servant Humility; perfectly clean and may contain dirt and contamination, virtue seems vulgar rich and the ordinary. " Yoko home to hear a change in the original proud, its appearance is not conceited nor Christine, his words do not pride nor pro. I praise, saying: "a little boy into! Others, born of parents themselves, stand between heaven and earth, natural things are. Cheap things were back to your own natural, and elegant base has been the violation of nature, and other things Qi concept were I one to take advantage of the line, an occasion mindful of the fact, words and deeds are not natural, it together on the Road now! "
Of health by
Dan Song Guopei retreat to the old saying, from farming and food, from weaving and clothing. It turned out his name, not enough on their own, their names are followed Mu, inquired of the monasticism of the parties, the purpose of academic, life skills to, so his disciples all over the world.
Gengsang Chu disciples one person, name of the South Wing, over 30, health high on today's news Gengsang Chu, desire good health. Gengsang Chu: "The ancients said: wasp can not hatch budworm, the more chicken can hatch swan, each can to be not too different. Sang Chu was limited, not enough of Ru, Ru He is not the South to Song Guopei to ask for advice Old Mr. Dan? "South Wing heard this, farewell Gengsang Chu, trek against the wind, but to the old line Qiriqiye Dan Habitat homes.
Meet the Old South Wing Dan, said: "disciples of the South Wing, hard of qualification dull, special line Qiriqiye, come to seek out saints." Old Dan said: "What Ruqiu Road?" "Good health." Old Dan said, : "good health, clear meditation in God. Jing Qing heart of God who washed the dirt inside. mind the dirt, one for material things, and one seeking to know. to want to seek, then the mind calm; mind calm, the movement Nature. static nature, is nothing to worried about hearts, Ever when the lying is lying, and became the starting line when the line is, when only the only, foreign objects can not be disturbed his mind. Therefore, the road to school Road, inside and outside addition also; enlightenment of the people, both inside and outside are forgotten. in person, heart; outside persons, objects also. In addition to those both inside and outside, to the desire within and outside addition to inducing material also; internal and external forget who desire within the forgotten, forgotten things outside the trap also. by the addition to the forgotten, and the external one, are attributed to nature, then up at the Boulevard now! Today, Ru mind obsessed school Road, is also a desire also. remove the Dao of desire, the heart from the static; heart quiet, the road can be repair him? jump first? heard this, painstakingly seeking the meaning of Dunxiao Road. relief, has become cool and refreshing body and mind, stretch broad-minded, calm and indifferent. So Bese old Dan: "The President's words, win, I repair ten years. Now do not ask Boulevard Wing, I hope by the good health after. "
Sublicense Confucius
The words of Confucius and Lao Dan with another, an instant is 17 for eight years, five 11-year-old has yet to learn Boulevard. Dan heard the old Song Guopei return to seclusion, special visit I brought disciples.
Confucius heard of this concept has been useless objects like body, police have names similar to dirt Wing. Would like to have before the next life, what form? What Rong name? Thought had died, what skin? What are equal? Ever seek righteousness, mass rituals heart Dunxiao, relief, carefree, leisurely. "I went on to say:" Road carry on like deep sea, the tall and carry on like mountains, but everywhere around the Universal carry on, carry on without the weeks of uninterrupted material not to, and seeking of but could not and can not, and also of the! Dao, world without fertility decline, lack of funding and not all those who have; days and high-won, to be of the thick, sun and moon were of the line, and 4:00 and get the order, everything was of the form. "Confucius heard of it, such as the Cloud Rider, such as submerged submarine, such as the mountains, such as Qin objects into one day I, have all things, all things are already, but Shenyi mine heart, to exclaim:" The wide and carry on ! The length! Immense! I still alive 51 contains only knew righteousness etiquette. It turned out that the open Universal majority is wrong! Exceedingly fun, talk anymore! Revisit?? I see the door of Confucius has been into the road, talking about the Road: "saints themselves in society, failing and not back, do not keep moving, smooth logistics transfer, Managing Partner of the natural. Reconcile and adapt to those virtuous of people; with the situation and adapt to those with moral support of the people. "Confucius heard of it, Ruoyun fluttering, wind it; if water flow, potential and move on. Hei said: "leisurely! Busy zai! Shengzhou while floating in the sea, ride the line to carry on the mainland. Into the same forward, stop together, why in our own strength and on behalf of the journey zai? Gentleman also non-different, good fake to take things! Miaozai! Miaozai! talk anymore! talk anymore?? I then said: "In view of the universe, the beginning, all things are made of gasification, gasification and off too. The students were also the air, gathering together; person's death, the bulk gas also. Life in the sky, as fleeting, all of a sudden just say. Of all things health, thriving, not not help but regard with those without; public class reproduction, ever changing, might come there and not help those who have naught. Matter of Health, by the non-oriented and to have him; material death, by a further turn back into the feeling. Yes, gas accumulation and visible; no, gas dispersion and not visible. There is also a gas. No is also a gas, gas availability are all, so life and death, these cities also. No not the living dead, but people see the students are happy and see the dead will be sad, do not also wonder? Death is also, like the bound form solution, de disposition of the coerced, the temporary accommodation of the state of the world attributed to the original. People away from the original, such as the wanderer go into exile; died is a return to the original, such as wandering return home, so students do not think that happiness, not admitting that sad. Enlightenment of the people, depending on the life and death as one, born happiness, death as the rest; as right and wrong for the same, is not a non-no non; as something which as a whole, cheap is not cheap, you do not you; as the honor as so Qi, Rong Rong is not, nor shame shame. Why zai? Stand Boulevard, watching for the fundamental, life and death, right and wrong, and poor, honor, all the values of people, but also transient changes in the state also. The fundamental research, do not have the same no. This road is also known, is smooth and not very close to the heart of their movements, alternating sun and moon, heaven and earth shaking, the roaring wind and tsunami, thunder shock and equanimity. "
Confucius heard of it, Chueh has magpie, flying in the branches; felt had to fish, swim in the rivers and lakes: Jue has to bee, nectar flowers; feel has aroused, the old Dan Dao. Heart can not help but mine Mitac, said: "My volunteer work, 40 and middle age, good luck to know why this fifty-one thing is wrong! Made me magpie magpie nature of the technology is smooth, I made the smooth nature of fish and fish-based , made me bee bee of the technology is smooth, smooth is made I am a man of humanity and. magpie, fish, bee, is different, however conform to the natural changes in nature are the same; smooth nature of change, that is, along opposite direction too; sustains different among the Immortals in the realm of common ground, then together in the road also. my day seeking a road, do not know if that is My body,! "Yanba, up goodbye.
Saint death
Old Dan longevity, more than 160 years passed away, neighbors are to offer condolences. Old people crying, crying as his son; few are crying, crying as his mother. I read people's nature along with feelings of the people, aloof, gentle kindness kindly treat the monks, are not self-sad victory.
Qin Yi old friend Dan to offer condolences to spiritual side I do not kneel are not to worship, hand over to pay tribute, and wept three times basis. To let it turn back, the neighbors stopped by asked: "You are almost non-I friends?" Qin Yi replied; "Of course." Neighbors: "The only friends as I so fickle little ceremony, I am?" Qin Yi Road; "Why not?" neighbors heard this, the anger turn, loudly accusing Road: "The reason for that?" Qin Yi smiled and said: "Amigos old Dan has made, students are not happy, not dead sad. Ruke almost smell? once the students are old Dan, from no to yes, gather breath, when along come together Ziranzhili what hi zai? old Dan's death today, by a return-free, casual gas and destroy, clockwise away, together Ziranzhili too. What sad indeed? born of joy, is that improper hi and hi are; death sorrow who is sad and tragic that the improper also, when released in your life, death, time afraid of death, all are born with our own wishes and insist, insist die also, are either already back Ziranzhili and feeling too. If Department safety sometimes, then the funeral music can not enter too. and back naturally, against the justice, cooperation in Road Down? substandard in Road, can be almost as old friend Dan? old friend Dan who follow his words and action, were also along on the opposite direction. I not only for the old Friends of Dan, so can physical and chemical conditions, it is not sad. "
Neighbors heard of it, seems to have realized, asked: "You are not sad, why crying three times?" Qin Yi smiles: "I cried three times, not because of sad too, is also bidding farewell to the old Dan. One, made by his students and seasonal, co-Ziranzhili also. II, made its seasonal death, together Ziranzhili too; on the 3rd, made its way in the Shi-Chuan natural inaction, combined Ziranzhili too. Old Dan give full and seasonal, moving only the Hop, I what sad indeed? "all the neighbors heard of old Dan Jie Yan Qin Yi is really friendly, so the person pushing the main burial. When the soil together, Qin Yi Chung condolence: "The old Dan Story, for good, God tour Datong, ages Liufang."
B I the people
What is the history of the Lao people? Years of his life in the end, when? These are problems that we are not sure of. However, I image, but we are more familiar. (This is because we have access to education or access to a time when common sense, not only adopted a controversial point of view)
A I Who?
"Records I Biography" contains: "I who, Chu, Li County, Township, bitter song renli people. Surnamed Lee, famous ears, the word boyang, posthumous said, Dan, Zhou Shou-storage room of history also." However, Sima Qian said the legend of its people on the I, there are three: a son that I was old Lai; two that I said Tai Shi Dan; 3 that I was addicts. Several descendants of this view have a different point of view, lead to long-term controversy.
B I image
In our ordinary man, I is the founder of Taoism, or representative (on that argument, I have reservations. I even a real person, he may not have a founding "Taoism" of intent). In Taoism, Lao Tzu is Lord Lao Zi, is the Taoist "leader."
2. Title. Also known as the "Tao Te Ching." ("The moral" is the title later, the first book I called "I" without "the moral" in the name. See Baidu Encyclopedia "the moral" clause (http://baike.baidu.com/lemma-php/ dispose/view.php/16516.htm) a book of its more controversial over the past decade, still not sure, but according to the Bamboo Slips Unearthed in 1993, "I"'s projections, at least in the book is written in the early Warring States Period.
A version of the problem
Since a book since I version of the large number of (version, in Chinese, probably refers to books printed since the invention of printing edition. So, woodblock printing, movable type printing of books have version. However, silk, simple books or other form version of the book is also the problem then? as bamboo and silk hand-written books generally, it can be called a version, I'm not sure, please point out. Perhaps academics will also be in the form of bamboo and silk are also known as version I, but we are not the manuscript known as the book.) Now, we generally refer to Wang Bi Tongxing Ben said this, Fu Yi this.
B I Notes
"I" is not only a number of versions is ancient commentators constantly. We always felt that modern people read it there obstacles, which is written on the first. Such obstacles can be resolved with predecessors and today all of the "I" in the Explanatory Note in the form of text interpretation. On the other hand can be said about ideological barriers, on the "I" is not the idea expressed by everyone recognized or understood. (See, for moral Concert Forum http://bbs.daode.biz/viewthread.php?tid=2612)
Chinese tea ceremony and Taoism
Section Heaven
Chinese tea ceremony absorption of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism's ideological essence. Buddhist emphasis on "Zen tea blindly" to tea help Zen tea liturgy and ceremony, from the tea taste of bitter silence, it is also the tea ceremony into the Buddhist Zen, this tea to the tea ceremony for the self-cultivation means to achieve clear heart see the purpose of good. The Taoist doctrine of tea was the tea ceremony into a "Heaven and one" philosophy, the soul has _set_ a tea ceremony. At the same time, it also provides a respect for nature, advocating simplicity, advocating ideas and aesthetics are really born again, your health, and health ideas.
A man of nature
Huai huoshiquan Cold Food, the temples fallen Fallen wire Zen Ou of spring prior to John Hong, Wan Li Fung Italy has it. Encounters of Xu still available, not to be asked Qunxian Penglai.
Poets Huai huoshiquan brewing tea, facing falling flower tea, tea cup of spring as a permanent fragrant in the hearts of poets, while Miles is sent to the poet sleepwalking breeze Guanyin and Yuhuachengxian, iQue Penglai three mountains, visible man of natural extreme. Tea person only to the realm of the natural order of the natural character for his character to the sound of boiling water from the teapot to hear the breathing naturally, to their own "natural instinct" to close, to fit the object naturally, can come to understand the tea ceremony, Gods, Human.
Second, people who Naturalization
"Naturalized" and also the personification of all things of nature, humanity. China tea has absorbed the Taoist ideas of all things natural as a human character, emotion, and allowing others to communicate with each other for spiritual beings, so in the eyes of Chinese tea, nature air, water, plants and trees is a stone of a sand extraordinarily sweet, extraordinarily friendly.
Chinese tea ceremony, the natural vegetation in the landscape of not only the people of the environment such as tea, but also includes people of tea and tea _set_s.
People on the border of tea, tea added to the tea's taste. Cao loose tea as "sitting on Cangshan by" bad after tea invite "a seat at Castle Peak," Lu Guimeng tea, "according to Lu-chi I open sunny wind," Li Ying tea "clouds are protecting Youren cut," Sarkozy has goods tea "before the first sunny valley called the cuckoo," Cao Xueqin Tea "King Parrot call tea", Bai tea "Wild Musk Lin He is Friendship", in the eyes of tea, on friendship, mountain love, the wind affectionate, affectionate cloud , all of nature is a good friend of tea. Poet Du Fu wrote a poem sun_set_ tea platform, spring sip tea time.
Stone Lanna oblique point pen, sit poems FE could be served.
Fei Ming Yi truss, dragonflies stand fishing line.
Since the Sun today, Xing, and from no on.
Poet of nature and all natural combination of the scenes, dynamic and static, sensual and elegant virtual and real.
Su has a tea of the poem:
Spirit Mountain Spirit wet clouds and rain, washing powder evenly over the Hong muscle.
Moon to cast Tamagawa son, Qing Wu Linchun breaking wind.
Heart good to know that snow is not the first face new anointing oil.
Humorous verses Jun Mo laughed, never Jiaming like beautiful woman.
Because of Taoism "Heaven" in the spirit of philosophy into the tea ceremony among the tea in China was filled with strong love of nature, the Chinese tea have a return to nature, the strong desire to be close to nature, so Chinese tea people can best appreciate the "love to sees the world," the passion and "I find the center Yao Ming Crane" to achieve the kind and nature "thing I Mystery Club" excellent experience.
Section II of the Taoist philosophy Chinese ceremony
First, respect for human
Chinese tea ceremony, the respect of people's thinking in the form of expression is common in the naming of the tea and the tea of understanding. People used to have tea tray covered cup called the "Three Powers Cup." Cup holder for the "land", the lid is "days", cup "man." Mean big, big way, even worse. If the cups, trays, lids end up with tea, a cup of this approach is called the "three powers one"
Second, your students
Your health is for the tea ceremony into the utilitarianism of Taoist thought. In the Taoist your health, health, music students under the influence of ideology, the Chinese tea ceremony in particular focus on "power tea", that tea-oriented health care functions, and builds character and function.
Taoist tea does not care about the rules too much, but the purpose of students from the health of your starting line of tea to encourage successful internal force. Such as Ma Yu's a "long thought Ren Tea" wrote: shot of tea, two guns tea, offering movement off-fame home, no sleep is not as bad. Inaction tea, natural tea and a gift off the heart and Taoism, the sleepless power lines increases. Visible, Taoist tea and secular people interested in fame and fortune tea different from those who seek material gains were Lu tea will sleep, suggesting that their mental state too bad. The tea is a godsend to the Taoist an alcohol sen exposed, drink tea and more spiritual, not Dao sleepiness on more enlightenment, adding skill and Daoxing.
Taoist skilled are regarded more as a tea to forget the Red trouble, ignoring the spirit of a great pleasure pleasure. In this regard, one of the Bai Yu Wuzu Southern Sect of Taoism in "Prelude to Water Wing tea" in the term was very wonderful.
February some rain last night clap of thunder.
Flag fight gun show, Spring Creek built precedence Quebec.
Taken branches Qiaogua with dew and smoke crushing, refining for Zijin heap.
Grind unlimited spring break, Green launched into dust.
Learn the new spring, live fire cooking, try in the future, down rabbit hair ou son, taste the tongue back.
Wake up in Qingzhou, fighting back quot million, less than a dream balcony.
Two axillary breeze on, I want the Penglai.
3, Oblivion
"Oblivion" is a Taoist in the tea ceremony in order to achieve "to empty very, keep quiet Benedict" To put forward the realm of static Famennian. I thought under the influence, the Chinese tea ceremony, the "static" as the "Four Noble Truths" one. How to make your mind up time in the tea, "a private not leave", spotless, a jump to the ethereal realm does not exist? Taoism is also provided for the tea ceremony, the key to meditation, which is called "Oblivion", that is, to forget their own flesh, to forget their smart. Tea to promote communication between man and nature, to melt the boundaries between things with and "eliminate Yuen Kam," "Jerneh taste like" the sight, are available through "Oblivion" to achieve.
4, no self
Taoist informal ethical code, pure harmony with nature, broad-minded attitude of Carefree is the life skills of Chinese tea. Taoist said, "no self" is the tea ceremony in the pursuit of "no." Without me, not physically eliminate self, but devoid of matter from the spirit of my opposition to fit the natural heart is satisfied everything. "No I" is a Chinese tea ceremony on the highest state of mind to pursue, in recent years across the Taiwan Strait tea frequent co-organized the international "no" tea, Japan, South Korea is also actively involved in tea, which is on the "no" state a useful attempt.
5, Imitation of Nature, which leads
Chinese tea ceremony emphasizes "Imitation of Nature", contains a substance, behavior, mental three levels. Substances, the Chinese tea ceremony, said: "Tea in the south of Ka wood." Gift of nature's "Jane Kodama bud" in the tea, tea, tea must be the laws of nature can be output of good tea, behavior, pay attention to the Chinese tea ceremony activities at the tea things, everything should be natural for the United States, to simple for the United States, moving then, smooth, quiet, such as mountain rock, laughing is like flowers in Spring since the opening, made the appeal as spring Yin, a show of hands, every move she makes, smiles, from the bottom should be natural, let's minds, no pretensions.
Spirit, the Imitation of Nature, which leads to performance for his heart is completely liberated, so that his state of mind be quiet, tranquil, lonely, inactive, so that their minds filled with tea, as if their integration with the universe, sublimation to "no" level.
Book contents are Confucianism, Taoism I Ching is a form of theory. It should be the Confucian Book of the unity of family theory.
Imitation of Nature
The essence of Chinese culture wisdom:
Living wisdom to grasp and control them
Comprehend hardness and softness of the coping strategies
Institute of relaxed natural _select_ion is good or poor
Causal effect of feeling good and bad fortune Xiang Yi
One Life to create static state of ankle
Promote enterprise development to management
The essence of Confucianism and Taoism - "benevolence" based, is the root of the harmonious development of enterprises
"Righteousness" and educating people, can cultivate team spirit
The "ceremony" hospitality, winning relationships, access to corporate reputation
The "wisdom" is expensive, and innovative, evolving
To "trust" as you, who without the letter, I wonder if it could, is believed to be life of the country, Industrial way
Taoist wisdom -
Announced after U.S. President Ronald Reagan took office, "Principles of Road" as the guiding ideology, Li Wei International ... ... "moral", a known human history, handed down the great classic, which _set_ trade routes, soldiers Road, government, humans, Heaven ... ... as one, carrying the Chinese nation's most profound cultural crystallization of the wisdom of the most brilliant Chinese civilization, as emperors, generals, scholars advocated by Yin Shi. Harmonious world, in order to tract. Grasp the "Imitation of Nature" natural philosophy, thought to play a profound wisdom to explore the true meaning of life, philosophy of life skills, business management, "Boulevard" opens tomorrow Road trade routes of humanity, truly Tao Yu surgery, Saints and External Wang.
Zen Wisdom and Business Ethics -
Zen is a deep understanding of the nature of care implied, and the start and started to get along with this way of life, aesthetic taste, beyond the spirit of the Zen Clarity lofty realm of the spirit of the introduction to the enterprise, to establish their own ethical system of enterprises, truly excellence in corporate governance, leadership of peak reproduction.
|