昔周法坏而诸侯乱，平王以后，不复雅而下同列国，吴、楚、徐夷，并僣称王，天下之人不禀周命久矣。孔子生其末世，欲推明王道以扶周，乃聘诸侯，极陈君臣之理。诸侯无能用者，退而归鲁，即其旧史，考诸行事，加以王法，正其是非，凡其所书，一用周礼，为《春秋》十二篇，以示后世。后世学者传习既久，其说遂殊，公羊高、穀梁赤、左丘明、邹氏、夹氏，分为五家。邹、夹最微，自汉世已废，而三家盛行。当汉之时，《易》与《论语》分为三，《诗》分为四，《礼》分为二，及学者散亡，仅存其一，而余家皆废。独《春秋》三《传》，并行至今。初，孔子大修六经之文，独于《春秋》，欲以礼法绳诸侯，故其辞尤谨约而义微隐。学者不能极其说，故三家之《传》，于圣人之旨，各有得焉。太史公曰：“为人君者，不可不知《春秋》。”岂非王者之法具在乎。
(欧阳修)
Xi Zhou law lords bad and chaos, King Ping after the nations no longer elegant and the same below, Wu, Chu, Yi Xu, and Jian king, the world is not intrinsic weeks of life were numbered. Confucius'Birth the end of the world, want to push Wisdom King Road to Rotary weeks, is appointed lords very Chen Junchen truth. Can not princes who retreat owned by Lu, that is, its old history, examination of various acts, to be no justice, is the right and wrong, where its books, one with Zhou, the "Spring and Autumn Annals," 12, to show future generations. Later scholars for study not only long, it said, then special, high ram, Gu Liang Chi, Zuo Qiuming, Chow, clip's, is divided into five. Zou, clip the most remote, since the Chinese world have abolished the three prevalent. When the Han, the "easy" and "The Analects" is divided into three, "poem" is divided into four, "Man" into two, and scholars scattered death, the only remaining one, but more than all this waste. Independence "Spring and Autumn" three "Biography", in parallel since. The beginning of the text by Confucius overhaul 6, alone in the "Spring and Autumn", trying to use etiquette to justice lords, so the speech about the meaning of particular micro hidden wish. Scholars can not be very said, so three of the "Biography", the sage of purpose, and each was Yan. Aspirations: "To Renjun who should know," Spring and Autumn "." Is this not the King of France with care.
(Ouyang Xiu)
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