五言古诗是中国古代诗歌体裁的一种，五言古诗一首诗共四句，每句5个字，一般来说第一、二、四句的最后一个字是押韵的，第三句的最后一个字就不是押韵了。
汉代以前，偶有五言的诗句，但没有完整的五言古诗。五言古诗是在两汉民谣和乐府民歌中首先产生和发展起来的。据《汉书．五行志》和《尹赏传》索引西汉成帝时歌谣，已为完整的五言古诗形式；东汉时五言歌谣继续产生，并被采入乐府，其中如《陌上桑》、《江南可采莲》等，已是比较成熟的五言古诗作品。
文人五言古诗始于何时，前人的看法颇不一致。旧传西汉枚乘、李陵、苏武、班婕妤等人的五言古诗作品，实际上不可靠。今存最早的文人的五言古诗当为东汉班固的《咏史》∶
咏史
三王德弥薄。惟后用肉刑。太苍令有罪。就递长安城。自恨身无子。困急独茕茕。小女痛父言。死者不可生。上书诣阙下。思古歌鸡鸣。忧心摧折裂。晨风扬激声。圣汉孝文帝。恻然感至情。百男何愦愦。不如一缇萦。
钟嵘《诗品》说他「质木无文」，这说明文人初学五言诗体，技巧还很不熟练。
继作者有张衡《同声歌》、秦嘉《赠妇诗》和赵壹《疾邪歌》等，表现技巧日趋成熟。东汉末年无名氏《古诗十九首》的出现，标志着五言古诗已经达到成熟阶段。至建安和魏晋南北朝时期，五言古诗已「居文辞之要」，成为最盛行的诗体，出现了大批名作。
五言古诗可以容纳更多的词汇，从而扩展了诗歌的容量，能够灵活细致地书行和叙事。在音节上，奇偶相配，也更富于音乐美。因此，它更为适应汉以后发展的社会生活，从而逐步取代了四言诗的正统地位，成为古典诗歌的主要形式。初唐以后，产生了近体诗，其中即有五言律诗、五言绝句。唐代以后的五言诗便通称为「五言古诗」或「五古」。
Five-character poem is a genre of ancient Chinese poetry, a poem of four Wuyan Poems, each sentence five words, in general, the first, second, four of the last word is rhyme, the third sentence The last word is not rhyming.
Before the Han Dynasty, Five-character verses sometimes, but not complete Wuyan Poems. Five Characters in Ancient ballads and folk songs in the Han Dynasty created and developed first. According to "Han. Five Elements Chi "and" Yin Tour Biography "songs when the index spans the Western Han Dynasty, Five-character poem has a complete form; the Eastern Han Dynasty Wu Yan songs continue to produce, and was adopted into the verse, of which, such as" Mo Shang Sang "," South recoverable Lin, "and so on, is already a more mature work Wuyan Poems.
Five-character poem begins when the author, quite inconsistent with the views of their predecessors. Old Chuan Han Mei Cheng, Li Ling, Su Wu, Ban Gu and others Wuyan poetry works, in fact, unreliable. Keep the first author of this poem as the Eastern Han Wu Yan Ban Gu's "Ode to History":
Yong Shi
3 De Mi thin. However, after the use of corporal punishment. Tai Cang that guilt. Chang'an on delivery. Regret no children from the body. Trapped radical independence Qiongqiong. Father made my daughter pain. The deceased is not Health. Under the petition Yique. Ponder song cock. Twisted by the rack crack worried. Morrowind Yang excited voice. San Han Emperor Xiaowen. Ceran Genuine sense. 100 men and how confused confused. As a Ti-ying.
Zhong Rong's "Poetry" that he "quality wood-free paper", indicating that the Cao novice writers body, skills still very inexperienced.
Following the authors Zhang Heng "sing song", Qinjia "Dedicated to Women Poetry" and Zhao Yi, "Song of sick evil", etc., showing increasingly sophisticated techniques. Eastern Han Dynasty Anonymous "Nineteen," the appearance of marks has reached a mature stage Five-character poem. To Jian and Wei, Wu Yan, poetry has been "Home diction of to" become the most popular verse, there has been a large number of masterpieces.
Five-character poem can accommodate more words, to extend the poetry of capacity, flexibility and detailed books and narrative lines. The syllable, the parity match, and more rich musical beauty. Therefore, it is more adapt to the future development of Chinese social life, thus gradually replacing the four-word poem about the legitimacy and become the main form of classical poetry. Tang later, produced a nearly style poetry, which is a Five-character verses, Wu Yan quatrains. Five-character after the Tang dynasty poem will known as "Five Characters poetry" or "five ancient."
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