五言古詩是中國古代詩歌裁的一種，五言古詩一首詩共四句，每句5個字，一般來說第一、二、四句的最一個字是押韻的，第三句的最一個字就不是押韻。
漢代以前，偶有五言的詩句，但沒有完整的五言古詩。五言古詩是在兩漢民謠和樂府民歌中首先産生和展起來的。《漢書．五行志》和《尹賞傳》索引西漢成帝時歌謠，已為完整的五言古詩形式；東漢時五言歌謠繼續産生，被入樂府，其中如《陌上桑》、《江南可採蓮》等，已是比較成熟的五言古詩作品。
文人五言古詩始於何時，前人的看法頗不一致。舊傳西漢枚乘、李陵、武、班婕妤等人的五言古詩作品，實際上不可靠。今存最早的文人的五言古詩當為東漢班固的《詠史》∶
詠史
三王德彌薄。惟用肉刑。太蒼令有罪。就遞長安城。自恨身無子。急獨煢煢。小女痛父言。死者不可生。上書詣闕下。思古歌雞鳴。憂心摧裂。晨風揚激聲。聖漢孝文帝。惻然感至情。百男何憒憒。不如一緹縈。
嶸《詩品》說他「質木無文」，這說明文人初學五言詩，技巧還很不熟練。
繼作者有張衡《同聲歌》、秦嘉《贈婦詩》和趙壹《疾邪歌》等，現技巧日趨成熟。東漢末年無名氏《古詩十九首》的出現，標志着五言古詩已經達到成熟階段。至建安和魏晉南北朝時期，五言古詩已「居文辭之要」，成為最盛行的詩，出現大批名作。
五言古詩可以容納更多的詞彙，從而擴展詩歌的容量，能夠靈活細緻地書行和敘事。在音節上，奇偶相配，也更富於音樂美。因此，它更為適應漢以發達展的社會生活，從而逐步取代四言詩的正統地位，成為古典詩歌的主要形式。初唐以，産生近詩，其中即有五言律詩、五言絶句。唐代以的五言詩便通稱為「五言古詩」或「五古」。
Five-character poem is a genre of ancient Chinese poetry, a poem of four Wuyan Poems, each sentence five words, in general, the first, second, four of the last word is rhyme, the third sentence The last word is not rhyming.
Before the Han Dynasty, Five-character verses sometimes, but not complete Wuyan Poems. Five Characters in Ancient ballads and folk songs in the Han Dynasty created and developed first. According to "Han. Five Elements Chi "and" Yin Tour Biography "songs when the index spans the Western Han Dynasty, Five-character poem has a complete form; the Eastern Han Dynasty Wu Yan songs continue to produce, and was adopted into the verse, of which, such as" Mo Shang Sang "," South recoverable Lin, "and so on, is already a more mature work Wuyan Poems.
Five-character poem begins when the author, quite inconsistent with the views of their predecessors. Old Chuan Han Mei Cheng, Li Ling, Su Wu, Ban Gu and others Wuyan poetry works, in fact, unreliable. Keep the first author of this poem as the Eastern Han Wu Yan Ban Gu's "Ode to History":
Yong Shi
3 De Mi thin. However, after the use of corporal punishment. Tai Cang that guilt. Chang'an on delivery. Regret no children from the body. Trapped radical independence Qiongqiong. Father made my daughter pain. The deceased is not Health. Under the petition Yique. Ponder song cock. Twisted by the rack crack worried. Morrowind Yang excited voice. San Han Emperor Xiaowen. Ceran Genuine sense. 100 men and how confused confused. As a Ti-ying.
Zhong Rong's "Poetry" that he "quality wood-free paper", indicating that the Cao novice writers body, skills still very inexperienced.
Following the authors Zhang Heng "sing song", Qinjia "Dedicated to Women Poetry" and Zhao Yi, "Song of sick evil", etc., showing increasingly sophisticated techniques. Eastern Han Dynasty Anonymous "Nineteen," the appearance of marks has reached a mature stage Five-character poem. To Jian and Wei, Wu Yan, poetry has been "Home diction of to" become the most popular verse, there has been a large number of masterpieces.
Five-character poem can accommodate more words, to extend the poetry of capacity, flexibility and detailed books and narrative lines. The syllable, the parity match, and more rich musical beauty. Therefore, it is more adapt to the future development of Chinese social life, thus gradually replacing the four-word poem about the legitimacy and become the main form of classical poetry. Tang later, produced a nearly style poetry, which is a Five-character verses, Wu Yan quatrains. Five-character after the Tang dynasty poem will known as "Five Characters poetry" or "five ancient."
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