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  cháozhèng
欧洲
  ōu zhōuquán chēng 'ōu luó zhōu wén: Ευρώπη), yuán shén huà de ōu luó shì shì jiè liù zhōumiàn 10,180,000 píng fāng qiān ( 3,931,000 píng fāng yīng ), rén kǒu 7 1 qiān 2 bǎi wàn( 2008 nián), shì shì jiè rén kǒu sān duō de zhōujǐn zhōu fēi zhōurén kǒu píng jūn měi píng fāng gōng 70 réngòng yòu 48 guó jiāōu zhōu dōng shān mài dōng nán hǎigāo jiā suǒ shān mài hēi hǎi zhōu wéi jiè běi yáng líng lán hǎidān mài hǎi xiá běi měi zhōu xiāng wàngběi jiē běi hǎinán zhōng hǎi fēi zhōu xiāng wàngōu zhōu zuì běi duān shì nuó wēi de běi jiǎozuì nán duān shì bān de luó jiǎoōu zhōu shì shì jiè shàng 'èr xiǎo de zhōu jǐn yáng zhōu xiē zhōu chēng wéi 'ōu ér zhōufēi zhōu chēng wéi 'ōu fēi
  
   ōu zhōu míng de lái néng shì lái shén huà zhōng de jiào zuò 'ōu luó de shòu dào biàn chéng gōng niú de zhòu de yǐn yòu gèng xué shù xìng de shuō shìzhè néng lái yuán shǎn (ereb), biǎo shì luò zhī ”。
  
   tōng chánggēn zhèng zhìjīng wén huà huò shí kǎo ōu zhōu de biān jiè xiàn bìng zǒng shì yàng dezhè jiù shǐ rén men chǎn shēng liǎo tóngōu zhōude guān niàn
  
  
  
   xíng
   zhè zhāng 'ōu zhōu huán jìng de wèi xīng zhào piàn hěn xiáng de xiǎn shì liǎo shān màibàn dǎodǎo gān hàn hán lěng de
  
   ōu zhōu de xíng yàng mào wéi fēng liè diān qún dǎo 'ài 'ěr lán dǎo shì píng yuánqiū líng gāo hùn de xíngzài 'ōu guó lán shí fēn píng yuán wéi zhù zhōng lán yòu duō shì tián hǎi zào 'ér chéng guó bān ān dào 'ěr niú shān shān mài wéi jiènán 'ōu de bàn dǎo duō qiū líng qiū líng jiān yòu píng yuán bàn dǎo qiū líng wéi zhùchuān chā duō xiǎo miàn píng yuán 'ěr gān bàn dǎo duō shān ā 'ěr bēi shān shān mài héng gèn 'ōu zhōu zhōng jiù shì guó nán ruì shìjié luò běi guó běi wéi píng yuán xíngdōng 'ōu shì wàng de cǎo yuán xíngōu zhōu de dōng nán jiè wéi gāo jiā suǒ shān mài zhù fēng 'è 'ěr shì fēng hǎi 5642 shì 'ōu zhōu zuì gāo fēngběi 'ōu duō bīng xíng kān wéi bàn dǎo dān mài de yán hǎi yòu duō bīng qiē xiāo róng hǎi hòu suǒ zào chéng de xiá wān xíngbīng dǎo chú liǎo bīng xíng wài yòu hěn duō huǒ shān xíng
   shuǐ wén
  
   ōu zhōu liú jīng shù guó de yòu lāi yīn duō nǎo běi ào děng wài zhù yào liú hái yòu guó jìng nèi de sài 'ěr jiā lóng děngé guó jìng nèi de niè 'ěr yīng guó jìng nèi de tài shì jìng nèi de děng
  
   chú liǎo liúōu zhōu yòu duō húpō zhōng bīng suǒ liú xià de bīng shí shǐ fēn lán bèi chēng wéi wàn zhī guó
   hòu
  
   ōu zhōu wěi shì zài běi wěi 35 běi fēn shǔ wēn dài hòubìng xiàng běi yán shēn zhì běi juàn běi 'ōu nán shǔ wēn dài hòuzhěng 'ōu zhōu cún zài zuì yuè píng jūn wēn gāo 30 shè shì de shǔ cún zài zuì lěng yuè píng jūn wēn líng xià 20 shè shì de hán zài fēng de chuī yáng liú de tiáojié zhī xià 'ōu de hòu dōng yán hánxià shǔ rén zhùduō shǔ wēn dài hǎi yáng xìng hòudōng 'ōu shǔ wēn dài xìng hòudōng lěng xià dàn jiào tóng wěi de dōng wéi wēn nán 'ōu jǐn lín zhōng hǎixià gān dōng quán qiú yòu lèi zhēng de hòu bèi chēng wéi zhōng hǎi xíng hòuběi 'ōu dōng 'ōu de běi bīng yáng yán 'àn shǔ hán dài tái yuán hòu
   shǐ
  
   yīng guó lún dūn nán de shí zhèn
  
   ōu zhōu yōng yòu yōu jiǔ 'ér huī huáng de shǐzǎo zài gōng yuán qián 4000 nián - qián 2500 nián 'ōu de kǎi 'ěr rén jiù chū xiàn liǎo shí wén huàxiàn zài hái liú yòu 'ōu zhōu shí jiàn zhù zhōng hǎi dōng de 'ài qín hǎi bèi rèn wéi shì 'ōu zhōu wén míng de xiáng gōng yuán qián 2000 nián zuǒ yòu rén de xiān jiù dìng zài 'ài qín hǎi de dǎo chéng wéi liǎo wén míng de yuán bìng qiě zhú jiàn zhǎn chū chéng bāng wén huàgōng yuán qián 5 shì luó bēn zhàn zhēng guò hòu běn zhú jiàn zǒu xiàng shuāi luòdàn shì wén huà yǐng xiǎng kuò gōng yuán qián 3 shì lái biān jìng dùn wáng guó de shān zhēng 'āi jiàn héng kuà 'ōu fēi sān zhōu de guójiāng wén huà chuán dào zhōu fēi zhōu shǐ chēng huà shí dàigěi rén lèi liú xià liǎo fēng de wén huà chǎn
   wéiluó guó de jiàn zhě
  
   hòuluó xīng gōng yuán qián 27 nián chéng luó guóchéng wéi liǎo tǒng zhì 'ōu zhōu běi fēi de guó zhōng hǎi chéng wéi nèi hǎi píng níng bàn dǎo shì dāng shí 'ōu zhōu zhèng zhì jīng de zhōng xīn gōng yuán 1 shì hòu jiào zhú jiàn zài luó jìng nèi chuán kāi lái。 313 niánbèi dìng wéi luó guó jiào liǎo zài 'ōu zhōu de tǒng zhì wèi。 3 shì hòuluó guó zhú jiàn shuāi ruò, 395 nián fēn liè chéng wéi dōng liǎng guóběi 'ōu de 'ěr màn rén dōng 'ōu de rén xiāng xīng zài 4 shì lái dōng fāng de xiōng rén shǐ dōng 'ōu duàn xiàng qiān 。 376 niánxiōng rén bài dōng wáng guó rén bèi guò duō nǎo jìn luó guó rén 436 nián miè wáng luó guó 'ōu jìn zhōng shì dàn guó de dōng bàn dōng luó guó chí zhǎn zhì 1453 nián bèi 'è màn 'ěr rén suǒ miè
  
   zhōng shì shí duō mín xiāng jiàn wáng guócǎi xíng fēng jiàn cǎi zhìzhàn zhēng duànchá màn zài gōng yuán 800 nián jiàn liǎo chá màn guódàn zài 843 nián fēn liègāi guó de dōng bàn zhǎn chéng wéi shén shèng luó guóyīng guó guó guó děng duō guó jiā de chú xíng dōushì zài zhè shí xíng chéng jiàn lái detiān zhù jiào jiào huì zài 'ōu yòu liàngsuǒ yòu zhī shí chuán chéng dōuzài xiū dào yuàn zhōng jìn xíngzōng jiào hài shí jūn dōng zhēng gěi 'ōu zhōu rén mín dài lái liǎo hěn de zāinànzhè shí bèi méng shí dài de xué zhě chēng wéi hēi 'àn shí dàizài zhè duàn shí jiān nèiōu zhōuyóu shì nán 'ōu dōng 'ōu zāo shòu liǎo zhōu yóu mín de duō qīn 'ā rén zhā 'ěr rénā 'ěr rénměnggǔ rén 'ěr rén
   guó mìng shírén mín gōng xiàn shì jiān
  
   cóng 14 shì kāi shǐzài nán 'ōu 'ōu de xiē guó jiā zhōng bié shì bān táo guó yīng guó běn zhù kāi shǐ méng tōng guò xiàn duì hǎi wài de mào xiǎn biàn liǎo fēi zhōuměi zhōu zhōutóng shí 'ōu zhōu kāi shǐ shēng wén huà de liàng jīng jìnbèi chēng wéi wén xīngzhè yǐn liǎo zōng jiào mìng duō guó jiā tuō tiān zhù jiào jiào huì de guǎn xiá 'ér gǎi fèng xīn jiàozhèng jiào de guó cháng yīn jiào pài tóng 'ér yǐn zhèng zhēngshèn zhì yòu duō de zōng jiào zhàn zhēngzài 'ōu de zhèng jiào fēn rǎo zhī dōng fāng xìn fèng dōng zhèng jiào de 'é luó zài suí hòu de wèi shā huáng lǐng dǎo xià zhú jiàn qiáng shèng
  
  17 shì yīng guó zhèng zhì shàng shēng liǎo guāng róng mìng, 18 shì yīng guó kāi shǐ liǎo gōng mìngsuí yǐng xiǎng liǎo 'ōu zhōu jìn liǎo mín guó jiā de xīng běi měi shí sān zhōu cóng yīng guó zhí mín de wèi jiàn guóōu shàng de guó shēng guó mìng lún chēng guó zài 19 shì wán chéng tǒng suí zhe de jìn duì wài jiè de duàn tàn suǒ jìn huà lùn de chūōu zhōu chéng wéi guó zhù de yáo lánliào duó quán shì jiè de yuán
  
  20 shì chū guó zhù de kuò zhāng zhōng dǎo zhì 'ōu zhōu biàn wéi zhàn zhēng yuán shēng liǎng shì jiè zhànshǐ 'ōu zhōu zāo shòu liǎo hěn de chuāngshāng bìng sàng shī shì jiè quánlǎo pái zhí mín zhù guó jiā yīng guó guó děng 'ōu zhōu guó jiāfēn fēn sàng shī zhí mín tǒng zhì quán shì jiè zhàn jiù shì 'ōu zhōu guó zhù guó jiān de zhàn zhēng 'èr shì jiè zhàn chú liǎo zhōufēi zhōuōu zhōu hái shì zhù yào de zhàn chǎng shì jiè zhàn jiānchū xiàn liǎo shì jiè shàng shè huì zhù guó jiā héng héng liánèr zhàn hòuzài lián de yǐng xiǎng xiàyòu chū xiàn liǎo shè huì zhù guó jiācóng 1950 nián dài kāi shǐchū xiàn liǎo měi guó wéi shǒu de běi yáng gōng yuē zhì chéng yuán guó lián wéi shǒu de huá shā tiáo yuē zhì yuē guó liǎng tuán duì zhì de miànōu zhōu bèi huàfēn wéi liǎng zhù yào de zhèng zhì jīng zhèn yíngdōng 'ōu de gòng chǎn zhù 'ōu de běn zhù zhí dào 1990 nián zuǒ yòusuí zhe lián jiě lěng zhàn jié shùōu zhōu de zhèng zhì shēng liǎo zhòng biàn huàdōng 'ōu de shè huì zhù guó jiā duō shù bào mìng fēn chóngxīn fǎn huí běn zhù zhèn yíng
  
   xiàn zài,“ ōu zhōuzhè bèi gèng guǎng fàn de yòng lái zuò wéi 'ōu zhōu lián méng de dài míng xiàn zài 'ōu méng yòu 27 chéng yuán guógèng duō de xiē chéng yuán shēn fèn tán pàn zhèng zài huò jiāng jìn xíngsuǒ yòu 'ōu zhōu lián méng chéng yuán guó dōushì 'ōu zhōu huì de chéng yuán guó
  
  
   ōu zhōu fēn wéi 'ōuzhōng 'ōudōng 'ōuběi 'ōu nán 'ōu 'ōu jiāo jiè guó
  
   'ōu
  
   yīng guó
   ài 'ěr lán
   lán
   shí
   sēn bǎo
   guó
  
  
  
   zhōng 'ōu
  
   guó
   ào
   ruì shì
   liè zhī dūn shì dēng
   lán
   jié
   luò
   xiōng
  
  
   dōng 'ōu
  
   bái 'é luó
   lán
   ài shā
   tuō wéi
   táo wǎn
   'ěr duō
  
  
   běi 'ōu
  
   bīng dǎo
   dān mài
   nuó wēi
   ruì diǎn
   fēn lán
  
  
   nán 'ōu
  
   táo
   bān
   ān dào 'ěr
  
   fàn gāng
   shèng nuò
   'ěr
  ( xià tǒng chēng 'ěr gān bàn dǎo guó jiā
   sài 'ěr wéi
   luó
   luò wén
   hēi sài wéi
   hēi shān
   dùn
   suǒ wèi bèi guó biàn chéng rèn
   ā 'ěr
   luó
   bǎo jiā
  
  
  
   'ōu jiāo jiè guó
  
   é luó
   'ěr
  
   ā sài bài jiāng
   měi
   tǎn
   zhèng zhì
  
   ōu méng de zhì
  
   ōu zhōu shì jìn dài fāng zhèng zhì xiǎng de zhù yào yuán zài zhèng zhì zhì fāng miàn lùn shì mín zhù zhìgòng zhìjūn zhù xiàn zhìnèi zhì)、 shuāng shǒu cháng zhì děng jūn yuán 'ōu zhōushì jiè guó shòu yǐng xiǎng
  
   zài zhèng zhì cǎi shàngōu zhōu zhèng zhì cháo cóng zuǒ dào yòu liè quánzhū zhèng zhù cuì zhù zhù zhōng yōng zhù nǎi zhì shè huì zhù gòng chǎn zhù jūn zài 'ōu zhōu zhèng zhì shǐ shàng bàn yǎn dìng juésè jiào zhū zhōushì wéi 'ōu zhōu zhī chùxiàn zài 'ōu zhōu mǒu xiē guó jiā zuǒ pài yòu pài lún liú zhí zhèngxíng chéng zhōng bǎi xiào yìng wéi zhí guān zhù
  
   ōu zhōu huà yuè lái yuè chéng wéi liǎo 'ōu zhōu zhǎn de shìōu zhōu duō guó jiā de zhèng dǎng zhī jiān chéng liǎo de lián méng 'ōu zhōu gòng tóng shè huì dǎng lián méngōu zhōu gòng tóng yóu dǎng mín zhù dǎng lián méngōu zhōu gòng tóng yóu mín zhù gǎi dǎng lián méngōu zhōu jiào mín zhù lián méngōu zhōu dǎngōu zhōu mín zhù lián méngōu zhōu rén mín dǎng děngchú měi guó wàiběi yáng gōng yuē zhì de huì yuán guó zhù yào shì yóu 'ōu zhōu guó suǒ chéng qián 'ōu zhōu zài lián guó gòng yòu 44 huì yuán guó zhōng yīngé shì lián guó 'ān huì de cháng rèn shì guó
  
   xiàn zài de 'ōu zhōu shì shì jiè zuì wéi guān zhù de zhàn lüè zhòng diǎnōu méng de zhǎn jiā qiáng liǎo 'ōu zhōu huàxiàn shí 'ōu méng gèng wéi chāo guó jiā zhìde shì yǐng xiǎng shì jiè jīng zhèng zhì zhǎn de zhòng yào yīn zài lěng zhàn jié shù hòuměi 'ōu zhēng duó 'ōu zhōu zhù dǎo quán de dǒu zhēng kāi shǐ xiàn chū lái
   jīng
  
   méi 2 ōu yuán 2) de yìng
  
   běn zhù zuì zǎo jiù shì cóng 'ōu zhōu zhǎn lái degōng nóng de xiè huà shuǐ píng shì zhōu zhōng zuì gāo deōu zhōu jué duō shù guó jiādōu shǔ guó jiā zhōng běi 'ōu 'ōu zhōng 'ōu xiē guó jiā jīng zhǎn shuǐ píng zuì gāo
  
   suí zhe 'ōu méng de zhǎnōu zhōu jīng huà chéng yuè lái yuè gāo, 1979 nián 3 yuè 13 kāi shǐ zài 'ōu zhōu gòng tóng nèi shǐ yòng 'ōu zhōu huò dān wèi zuò wéi jià jié suàn de zhǒng huò dān wèixiàn zài 'ōu yuán(€ ISO4217 EUR) shì qián 'ōu méng 25 huì yuán guó zhōng de 16 guó yòu zhè 16 guó wài de guó jiā jīng shì 31 guó jiā de guān fāng huò suǒ shǐ yòng de huò ōu méng guó duì shì fǒu jiā 'ōu yuán jiē yòu shēn de kǎo liàng qián yòu bàn shàng de 'ōu méng huì yuán guó réng xíng guó jiā de huò bìng wèi jiā 'ōu yuán de hángliè yīng bàng děngōu yuán shì qián shì jiè zhù yào jīng zhī ōu yuán jīng de róng shēn shēn yǐng xiǎng zhe quán shì jiè de jǐng
  
   zài 'ōu zhōu xiē chuán tǒng chǎn zhōngnóng de xiàn dài huà shuǐ píng hěn gāoquán zhōu gēng zǒng miàn yuē 2.9 gōng qǐngnóng rén kǒu zhòng wéi 15 dàn shì yóu rén kǒu chóu xiāo fèi gāo duō shù guó jiā liáng shí néng zìjǐōu zhōu de gōng chǎn zhí shì zhōu zhōng zuì gāo dejiāo tōng yùn shū quán zhōu yòu 35 wàn qiān tiě gōng zǒng cháng 420 wàn qiān hǎi yùn zǒng dūn wèi yuē zhàn shì jiè de 45%, yòu hěn qiáng de wài mào jīng de diǎn wàiōu zhōu háng kōng yóu hěn
   rén kǒu
  
   zhù tiáo ōu zhōu rén kǒu
  
   ōu zhōu guó de rén kǒu shù
  
   ōu zhōu de rén kǒu yuē yòu 7.28 rén (2005 nián shù ), yuē zhàn shì jiè zǒng rén kǒu de 11%。 píng jūn rén kǒu zhōu de wèi qián 'ōu zhōu guó duō miàn lín shēng shuài xià jiàng rén kǒu lǎo huà de wèn ér tuī xíng zhǒng zhèng shǐ rén kǒu zhèng cháng chéngzhǎng
   nián fèn rén kǒu ( dān wèiwàn rén )
  1950 54740.5
  1960 60440.6
  1970 65586.2
  1980 69243.5
  1990 72139.0
  2000 72846.3
  2005 72838.9
  
   mín yán
  
   ōu zhōu mín zhù yào shì shǔ yìn 'ōu yán de mín chāo guò bǎi fēn zhī jiǔ shí de 'ōu zhōu mín), zuì wéi guǎng fàn shǐ yòng de yòu luó de luó màn 'ěr màn kǎi 'ěr 'ā 'ěr yòu cóng dōng fāng qiān guò de shǐ yòng 'ěr yán de mín lǎo de mín zài 'é luó de 'ōu zhōu fēn shàng yòu fēn shǐ yòng 'ā 'ěr tài de mín běn shì mín guó jiā huàfēnyòu de shēng huó zài tóng guó jiā de cāo tóng yán de rén qún chéng rèn shǔ tóng mín dàn yòu de yuàn chéng rènzhǐ qiáng diào shì guó jiā de rén
  
   ōu zhōu rén fēn shǔ duō tóng de zhōng yòu
  
  * yìn 'ōu
  o luó de tuō wéi táo wǎn
  o luó màn jiā tài luó luó luó màn shí táo bān
  o 'ěr màn bīng dǎo dān mài lán sēn bǎo nuó wēi ruì diǎn yīng
  o bái 'é luó lán é luó jié luó dùn sài 'ěr wéi luò luò wén lán
  o kǎi 'ěr ài 'ěr lán lán wēi 'ěr shì
  o yánā 'ěr
  * 'ěr
  o fēn lán 'ěr ài shā fēn lán xiōng
  
   jiào wén huà
  
   suǒ yòu 'ōu zhōu guó jiā de gōng mín dōuyào jiē shòu jiào huò zhě zhì shǎo shì jiē shòu mǒu zhǒng jiào péi xùnōu zhōu de jiào gài cóng 6、 7 suì kāi shǐ zhí chí dào 15、 16 suìzài duō shù 'ōu zhōu guó jiā chǔ jiào de shí jiān gài zhǐ chí dào niánér zài shǎo shù guó jiāquè yào nián chǔ jiào wán chéng zhī hòuxué shēng suǒ jiē shòu jiào de gāo de xué xiào jiù yòu duō zhǒng lèi xíng liǎoyòu wéi gāo děng xué xiào xiān péi yǎng rén cái de wén zhōng xuéhái yòu xiē gōng xué xiào tóng shízài duō guó jiā hái yòu duō hěn yòu míng wàng de gāo děng zhuān xué xiào zōng xìng xuéjiē xiē jīng wán chéng chū zhōng děng jiào de xué shēngzài zhè zhǒng jiào zhì de jìn xiàjīhū suǒ yòu 'ōu zhōu guó jiā de wén máng shuài dōuhěn
  
   diāo shù jiàn zhùměi shùwén xué yīnyuè dōushì zài 'ōu zhōu yòu yōu jiǔ shǐ de chuán tǒng de dōng duō chéng shì wéi luó bólín děngjīn tiān dōushì zài zuò wéi shǒu de tóng shí bèi shì zuò gāi guó de wén huà zhōng xīn wàizài duō chéng shì hái yòu hěn duō zhòng yào de yuàn guǎnjiāo xiǎng yuètuán hěn zhòng yào de wén huà shè shī
   dài wén huà
  
   ōu zhōu yòu hěn shēn hòu de wén huà yùnōu zhōu shǐ qián měi shù xiàn liǎo 'ōu zhōu jiù shí shí dàizhōng shí shí dài xīn shí shí dài de jiàn zhùdiāo huì huà gōng de chéng jiù zhōng 'ōu zhōu jiù shí shí dài shù shì jīn suǒ zhī rén lèi zuì zǎo de zhēn zhèng de shù pǐn wài 'ōu zhōu shǐ qián shù yòu hěn qiáng de biǎo xiàn bèi xué zhě men chēng zhī wéi huó dòng shù
  
  11 17 shì ōu zhōu zhōng shì xué de xīng diàn dìng liǎo xiàn dài gāo děng jiào de shì
   xué wén huà de jiāo liú zuò
  
   ōu zhōu guó zài xuéwén huà děng fāng miàn de zuò hěn jǐn
  
   zài wén huà fāng miàn, 1950 nián chuàng liǎo 'ōu zhōng hǎi yán 'àn guó jiā guǎng diàn shì gòu wéi zhù de 'ōu zhōu guǎng lián méng。 1957 nián 8 yuè 21 chuàng de 'ōu zhōu xīn wén shè lián méng zēng jìn liǎo guó xīn wén shè zhī jiān de jiāo liú zuò
  
   zài xué shù fāng miànyóu guó guó shíruì diǎn lándān mài ruì shì 8 guó jiā gòng tóng jīng yíng de 'ōu zhōu nán tiān tiān wén tái shì wèi nán bàn qiú de xíng zōng xìng tiān wén tái yán jiū jīhū shè tiān wén xué de lǐng 。 1973 nián yóu 30 duō guó jiā jiàn de 'ōu zhōu fènzǐ shēng xué shí yàn shì jìn liǎo 'ōu zhōu guó zài fènzǐ shēng xué lǐng de xùn zhǎn。 1975 nián 5 yuè 30 yóu 'ōu zhōu duō guó jiā chéng de 'ōu zhōu tài kōng zài háng tiān lǐng hěn yòu jìng zhēng
   zōng jiào
  
   ōu zhōu de zōng jiào xìn zhù yào shì jiào bāo kuò tiān zhù jiào xīn jiào dōng zhèng jiào)。
  
  8% shì lán jiào zhōng duō shù zài 'é luó shēng huóliǎng qiān bǎi wàn), chú zhī wàizài 'ěr ( 590 wàn)、 guó( 550 wàn)、 guó( 320 wàn)、 ā 'ěr ( 140 250 wàn ( 110 wànděng 'ōu zhōu guǎng dōuyòu lín fēn 'ōu de lín zhù yào wéi mín
  
   jǐn yòu shǎo 1% de 'ōu zhōu mín xìn yǎng yóu tài jiàojiāng jìn 200 wàn rén)。 de zōng jiào yìn jiào jiào děngyědōu zhǐ yòu jǐn yòu 1% de xìn
  
   zài 'ōu zhōuyuè shì de shén lùn zhě rén kǒu de yuè gāoyuè shì luò hòu de xìn shén de zōng jiào xìn de yuè gāogēn 'ōu zhōu lián méng 2005 nián gōng de diào chá jiēguǒ xiāng xìn cún zài shén de rén kǒu chāo guò 60% de yòu yīng guó guó lánruì diǎn děng guóchāo guò 50% de yòu guó shíruì shìnuó wēi děng guóér 10% de yòu luó 'ěr děng guó 20% de yòu táo lán děng guó
   guó guān
   ōu
  
   ōu zhōu guó xiàn zài zhōng guó jiàn liǎo zhèng cháng de wài jiāo guān ōu zhōu guó zài zhōu céng jiàn guǎng de zhí mín yīng guó yōng yòu yìn xiāng gǎng lái děng guó yōng yòu yìn zhī jīn zhōng nán bàn dǎo dōng táo céng guǎn zhì 'ào mén dōng mén ); lán céng yōng yòu dōng yìn qún dǎo jīn de yìn yīn dōng nán guó jiā 'ōu zhōu guó jiā de guān fēi cháng shēn hòuyóu zhè bān shēn hòu de guān jīn guó guān zhōngōu zhōu duì dōng nán réng yòu dìng chéng de yǐng xiǎng zài céng shòu bān tǒng zhì tiān zhù jiào wèiguó jiào de fěi bīnjiào zōng suǒ zhǐ pài de shū zhù jiào yòu zhèng zhì shè huì shàng de yǐng xiǎng dōng běi de běn céng guó zài 'èr shì jiè zhàn zhōng chéng zhóu xīn guóxiàn zài běnhán guó 'ōu zhōu guó zhù yào shì jīng guān wéi zhùzhèng zhì shàng de jié méng jiàn jiǎn shǎo
   ōu měi
  
   ōu zhōu měi guó suī rán zài wén huàmín fēng děng fāng miànyòu zhe nóng hòu de shǐ yuān yuán lián dàn zhì shàng 'èr shí shì zhōng 'èr shì jiè zhàn zhī hòuměi guó 'ōu zhōu yòu zhǒng jiào jǐn de méng yǒu guān zài zhī qiányóu měi zhōu zài 17 shì shí céng shì 'ōu zhōu guó jiā liú fàng jiàn rén shì qiú fàn de fāngsuǒ zài měi guó kāi guó 1786 nián de chū 'ōu zhōu zhí mín zhù zhěyóu shì céng jīng tǒng zhì guò měi guó de yīng guóyòu zhe duì de guān hòu yóu měi guó 'ōu zhōu cháng shí shí shī zhèng zhì gān de zhèng liǎng zhě zài 18 zhì 19 shì zhǎn。 20 shì de liǎng shì jiè zhànlìng 'ōu zhōu yuán shāngdàn měi guó jīng què yòu gāo zēngzhǎng 'ōu zhū guó jūn yào měi guó de jīng yuán zhù rán kào jìn měi guózài jiā shàng dōng 'ōu zhū guó jiā shè huì zhù zhèn yíngyīn 'ér měi guó guān jiàng luò bīng diǎnlěng zhàn shí lián wéi shǒu de shè huì zhù zhèn yíng de wēi xié jiā qiáng liǎo chú dōng 'ōu wài 'ōu zhōu guó jiā měi guó de qīn dàn shì zài lěng zhàn jié shù hòuwēi xié xiāo shīōu zhōuzhù yào shì 'ōu méng chéng yuán guó měi guó de guān shēng liǎo xiē biàn huàōu zhōu gèng yào yòu de shēng yīnyīn mǒu xiē 'ōu zhōu guó jiā zài jiǔ shì jiàn wèn chōng děng fāng miàn měi guó chǎn shēng liǎo tóng jiànshèn zhì yòu jiào de fēn dàn shì gēn shēn de méng yǒu guān hái jiāng bǎo chí biànyīng guó què zài shàng shù shì jiàn zhōng gèng jiā kào lǒng měi guó měi guó jié chéng wéi jiān dìng de tóng méng guān dàn zāo rén xiào zhè měi guó yuán shǔ de zhí mín zhù jīhū fǎn dǎo chéng liǎo měi guó de yōng bān lán děng zài měi 'èr zhàn zhēng shí duì měi guó de qiáng zhī chíshǐ měi guó chēng zàn zhè xiē guó jiā wéi xīn 'ōu zhōudàn suí zhe kǒng fèn duì bān dòng gōng bān tuì chū měi guó jiān de méng yuē chè jūn
   ōu zhōu zhōng dōng
  
   shàngōu zhōu zhōng dōng shì jǐn lín shǐ shàngōu zhōu zhōng dōng de guān xiàng jǐn zhāng běn shàng shì yóu liǎng zhě zài zōng jiào niàn shàng de gēn běn tóngōu zhōu fèn guó jiā jiào wéi zhù yào xìn yǎngér zhōng dōngē guó jiā duō huí jiào wèiguó jiàozhōng dōng duō céng jīng zài 20 shì chū shì jiè zhàn zhī hòu chéng wéi yīng guó guó de wěi rèn tǒng zhì ōu zhōu guó zhù tǒng zhì zhě zài nèi zhì zào mín máo dùndǎo zhì jīn shí jīn zhōng dōng de zhèng zhì dòng dànghéng kuà 'ōu zhōu xiǎo de huí jiào guó jiā 'ěr běn shēn chuán tǒng 'ōu zhōu guó de guān jiù fēi cháng wēi miào zhōng jié liǎo bài zhàn tíng guóxiàn zài yòu wàng jiā 'ōu ménglìng wàiōu zhōu guó duì 'ā shì jiè zāo dào měi guó de kòng zhì gōng chǎn shēng tóng qíngér 'ōu zhōu duì 'ā guó jiā suǒ yōng yòu de shí yóu yuán yòu suǒ qiúèr zhàn cuì guó suī céng shā yóu tài réndàn réng yòu duō shì 'ā rén wéi de yóu tài rén zài 'ōu zhōubìng huī yǐng xiǎng
   ōu fēi
  
   ōu zhōu běi fēi de guān gēn zhōng dōng de guān chàbù duōyīn wéi běi fēi 'ōu zhōu zhōng hǎi xiāng wàngér běi fēi shì huí jiào guó jiā shǐ shàngzhǐ yòu zhōng shì shí ā guó céng jīng tǒng zhì guò bān táo guó nán 'ōu zhōu zhí mín zhù xīng fēi zhōu chéng wéi 'ōu zhōu de zhí mín guó zài zhōng fēi fēi běi fēi jiàn de shǔ fēi zhōu zhí mín shì fēi zhōu dāng shí zuì de zhí mín ōu zhōu zhí mín zhù zhě zài fēi zhōu zhēng duó rán yuánqíng kuàng zhí zhì 1950 nián dài kāi shǐ fēi zhōu guó jiā mín de yùn dòng làng cháoduō guó jiā fēn fēn cái yòu suǒ gǎi jìnōu zhōu fēi zhōu xún zhe jīng mào de fāng xiàng zhǎn
   ōu 'ào
  
   gēn měi guó yàngōu zhōu kāi 'ào de chū liú fàng qiú fàn de zuò yòngdàn yóu 'ōu zhōu 'ào zài shàng xiāng shèn yuǎnlìng dào liǎng zhě yòu zhe wèi zhǎn de kōng jiāndàn zài jīng wén huà zōng qīn de lián shàngào 'ōu zhōu réng rán yòu zhe hěn jǐn de lián ào xīn lán de zhù yào mín qún zhǒng jūn lái yuán 'ōu zhōu dāng zhù mín mín zhǎn yáng zhōu


  Europe (pronounced /ˈjɜrəp/ or /ˈjʊərəp/) is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains, the Kuma-Manych Depression, and the Black Sea to the southeast. Europe is washed upon to the north by the Arctic Ocean and other bodies of water, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea, and to the southeast by the Black Sea and the waterways connecting it to the Mediterranean. Yet the borders for Europe—a concept dating back to classical antiquity—are somewhat arbitrary, as the term continent can refer to a cultural and political distinction or a physiographic one.
  
  Europe is the world's second-smallest continent by surface area, covering about 10,180,000 square kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi) or 2% of the Earth's surface and about 6.8% of its land area. Of Europe's approximately 50 states, Russia is the largest by both area and population, while the Vatican City is the smallest. Europe is the third most populous continent after Asia and Africa, with a population of 731 million or about 11% of the world's population; however, according to the United Nations (medium estimate), Europe's share may fall to about 7% in 2050. In 1900, Europe's share of the world's population was 25%.
  
  Europe, in particular Ancient Greece, is the birthplace of Western culture. It played a predominant role in global affairs from the 16th century onwards, especially after the beginning of colonialism. Between the 17th and 20th centuries, European nations controlled at various times the Americas, most of Africa, Oceania, and large portions of Asia. Both World Wars were ignited in Central Europe, greatly contributing to a decline in European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the United States and Soviet Union took prominence. During the Cold War Europe was divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the West and the Warsaw Pact in the East. European integration led to the formation of the Council of Europe and the European Union in Western Europe, both of which have been expanding eastward since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
 

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