| 小亚历山大·仲马 | |||||
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小仲马小亚历山大·仲马（法语：Alexandre Dumas fils，法语发音：[alɛksɑ̃dʁ dyma fis]，1824年7月27日－1895年11月27日），法国剧作家、小说家，世界文学名著《茶花女》的作者。
其父大仲马也是法国著名文学家、《基督山伯爵》的作者。为区别，通常称为小仲马（法语的Dumas, fils）。
小仲马生平和创作年表
１８２４ -- １８９５
１８０２年 ７月２４日，大仲马（１８０２ -- １８７０）出生于巴黎附近的县城维莱－科特雷。他的父亲仲马-达维是圣多明各的德-拉帕德里侯爵和一个名叫玛丽的女黑奴所生的混血儿，曾是拿破仑麾下的一名英勇善战的将军，后因和拿破仑意见不合而失宠，去世时年仅四十四岁。
１８２４年 １月１６日，茶花女的原型玛丽-杜普莱西（原名阿尔封西娜-普莱西）出生于诺曼底。
７月２７日，小仲马（１８２４ -- １８９５）出生于巴黎。他是大仲马与住在同一楼面的邻居缝衣女工卡特琳娜-拉贝的私生子；出生时未被大仲马承认。
１８２７年 小仲马最初的回忆记载于他的话剧《克洛德的妻子》（１８７３）的前言之中：那是在他母亲卡特琳娜-拉贝的家里，当时的意大利人广场（现在叫布瓦埃勒第安广场）一幢房子的阁楼里。他的父亲正在儿子的哭叫声中写作，突然抓起孩子，扔到了房间的另一端。
就在这一年，一些英国演员来到法国，为巴黎的观众演出莎士比亚的剧本。大仲马在此影响下开始写他的五幕诗体悲剧《克丽丝汀》（１８２８）。
幼年时的小仲马，起先由他母亲扶养，得到了良好的家庭教育。他的杰出的、身材魁梧的和对女人朝三暮四的父亲使他感到困惑和害怕。大仲马还有另外的私生子女，其中有和贝尔-克莱尔塞梅尔生的女儿玛丽（１８３１年生），和安娜-巴于埃生的亨利（１８５１年生），还有在他的晚年和一位科尔第埃太太生的米卡埃拉（１８６０年生）。
１８２８年 大仲马住在圣德尼城郊他母亲、仲马将军的遗孀家里，她开着一家烟铺。这位年轻的戏剧作家总是在奥代翁剧院度过他的夜晚，和女演员调情，把自己的家庭责任置之脑后。在《亨利三世和他的宫廷》（１８２９）取得成功后，人们很快便把大仲马跟维尼和雨果相提并论。奥尔良公爵给了他一个王宫图书馆助理管理员的位置。这位趾高气扬的年轻的剧作家下决心遗弃他的妻子和儿子。他藉口乡下空气好，把他们两人安置到一个叫作帕西的农村里去了。不论生活条件多么艰苦，小仲马还是在那儿成长起来了，心中充满着对他天才父亲的崇敬之情。
１８３１年 小仲马和他的母亲一起观看了大仲马的戏剧《安东尼》的首场演出。这场戏的女主角是大仲马的情妇玛丽-多尔瓦勒；她的精湛的演技使这个剧本取得了巨大的成功。观看这次首场演出的还有巴尔扎克、戈蒂埃、圣伯夫、贝尔利奥兹......
３月１７日：大仲马承认了儿子。
４月２１日，卡特琳娜也承认了儿子。为了得到儿子的扶养权，在大仲马来的时候她把小仲马藏起来，或者叫他跳窗逃走，等等；最后法庭裁决，由大仲马扶养。但这时的大仲马正和贝尔-克莱尔塞梅尔打得火热，于是把七岁的小仲马送进了寄宿学校。
小仲马起先被送进圣日纳维也夫山的伏蒂埃寄宿学校，后来又转到布朗什街的圣维克托寄宿学校。小仲马对这两个寄宿学校的生活的回忆都是很可怕的。他最后一本小说《克莱芒索事件》中提到了他和母亲分手时心中的痛苦和在寄宿学校中他的同学们对他这个私生子的歧视和。
在《克洛德的妻子》的前言中，小仲马还提到了，在寄宿学校里由于不堪侮辱而不得不与人打了几次架；也在这段时期，这个年轻人的性格逐渐形成了：对人记恨，冷漠，怀疑；厌恶妓女。
大仲马有很多情妇；对其中一个叫伊达-费里埃的，小仲马后来曾写道："在我童年的时候，由于伊达小姐的态度，我要容忍很多事情。"不过小仲马也记得这时候大仲马对他的像伙伴之间的友情。在一家名叫"托尔托尼"的英国咖啡馆里，小仲马很早便和他父亲的朋友们混熟了；其中有曾经是拿破仑情妇的乔治小姐，李斯特，缪塞，弗雷戴里克-勒梅特。
１８３９年 小仲马十五岁。他要离开圣维克托寄宿学校了；在《克洛德的妻子》的前言中他说："我不再长高了，我既不喜欢学习，也不喜欢赌博。"他有神秘主义的倾向。
大仲马没有把他领回家去，而是把他安置在一个家庭式膳宿公寓里，并以走读生的名义让他在波旁中学（今孔多塞中学）上学。该校学生大部分都是文学上的浪漫派，上的共和派。小仲马在那儿就读两年。
１８４０年 大仲马娶了早已是他情妇的伊达-费里埃，小仲马非常气愤。夏多布里昂是证婚人。这对夫妇于１８４６年离异。
小仲马已成了一个身材高大的漂亮的小伙子，可是他对自己没有信心，中学会考也没有通过。父亲却很宠爱他，给他穿最时髦的衣服，经常邀请他到昂坦街他家里去，带着他在蒙马特大街的杂耍剧院和意大利人大街尽头的英国咖啡馆之间游逛。有时候在咖啡馆里和英国勋爵帕尔梅尔斯通或者巴尔扎克一起喝一杯......有时候小仲马为了他父亲的众多的情妇的事情想稍许规劝一下他的父亲，可是父亲总是不听他的，说："我不想接受你的劝告......"
他们之间的关系有时候变得不太融洽，可是小仲马一面经常规劝他的父亲，一面却受了他父亲的影响，受到了过游手好闲的生活的，他对他挥霍无度的父亲的生活习惯逐渐适应了......后来他为自己过的这种"的"的生活辩解说："我过这种生活是随大流，是出于模仿，是因为无所事事，这并不是我的爱好。"
１８４２年 小仲马十八岁时有了第一个情妇，很漂亮，她是著名雕刻家普拉迪埃的妻子。很多年以后，她成了《克莱芒索事件》中那个的伊萨的原型。他有一套单身汉的小公寓。他经常出入风月场所。
这年夏季有一天，他在交易所广场上遇见一个穿着白色平纹细布连衣裙、头戴意大利草帽的绝色女子，他顿时像遭到了雷击一般。这个女人就是玛丽-杜普莱西。
玛丽-杜普莱西这时十八岁，正在受到一位名叫德-格拉蒙的年轻公爵的供养，她的生活过得非常放荡，情人很多，有些还是著名人物；她可以随心所欲地召唤和打发他们。骑师俱乐部的会员们都在争得她的青睐。后来小仲马又经常在剧院，歌剧院和散步场所遇到她，可是这个烟花女子不同凡响的气度使他不敢贸然自荐。
１８４３年 大仲马住进了圣日耳曼高级住宅区的梅迪西别墅。他这时才思如泉，巨著不断，同时他和他的出版者，情妇以及新闻记者之间的纠纷也日益增多。
１８４４年 小仲马终于在杂耍剧院结识了玛丽-杜普莱西，玛丽当时的情人是富有年老的德-斯塔凯尔贝格伯爵。小仲马很快便成了玛丽-杜普莱西的最最心爱的情人。小仲马到处借债。
１８４５年 这一年夏天，小仲马和玛丽之间产生了纠纷。在玛丽去世后的１８８４年发现的以下这封信也许是他们之间这段故事的唯一可信的证据：
亲爱的玛丽：
我希望自己能象一个百万富翁似地爱你，但是我力不从心；你希望我能象一个穷光蛋似地爱你，我却又不是那么一无所有。那么让我们大家都忘记了吧，对你来说是忘却一个几乎是无关紧要的名字，对我来说是忘却一个无法实现的美梦。
在以后的几个月里，萝拉-蒙戴斯曾一度成为大仲马的情妇，玛丽成了李斯特的情妇。
１８４６年 小仲马设法忘掉玛丽，并想自己挣些钱。他写了一些诗歌，编成一本书名响亮的集子《青春的罪恶》，用他父亲的钱出版；结果售出十四本。他同时着手写他第一本小说：《四个女人和一只鹦鹉的奇遇》。这时，他正处于写作旺盛时期的父亲在写《约瑟夫-巴尔萨摩》。
２月３日，身患重病的玛丽-杜普莱西在伦敦秘密地与德-贝雷戈伯爵结了婚，后者的企图也许是想让她以后不再去过那种堕落的生活。可是在她从伦敦回来以后，全巴黎的人仍把她看作是过去的玛丽-杜普莱西。
后来她又去了巴登，病情每况愈下；她接受一位当时非常有名的医生的治疗。
她住进了玛德莱娜大街１１号，很少出门。几乎没有人去探望她。
小仲马陪他父亲和他父亲的两位朋友一起去了西班牙。
１８４７年 １月１５日，从西班牙回来，小仲马暂住在马赛他父亲的一位朋友、约瑟夫-奥特朗家里。
２月３日，玛丽-杜普莱西死于巴黎，葬在蒙马特公墓。她的棺材上盖满了茶花。参加她葬礼的仅仅有几个人：德-斯塔凯尔贝格老伯爵，德-贝雷戈伯爵，一个从她故乡来的身分不明的朋友，还有她的女用人。
小仲马于２月１０日返抵巴黎，得知这个消息。
拍卖玛丽财产时，狄更斯也参加了。
２月１６日，玛丽的棺材被挖掘出来，迁到蒙马特公墓的一块永久性墓地里。不知道德-贝雷戈伯爵是否曾写信给小仲马，要求他回到巴黎来参加这次再葬仪式。
大仲马这时已是历史剧院的院长，一面在保尔－马尔利大事装潢他的山城堡。
１８４８年 小仲马一个人住在圣日耳曼区的白马旅馆，他重读《玛依－莱斯科》，加上他的回忆，在一个月内写出了《茶花女》。
小说一出版便轰动一时；这时的小仲马还不满二十四岁。
大仲马正处于鼎盛时期：他的历史剧院座无虚席。
爆发了。历史剧院门可罗省，人们对浪漫主义的热情衰退了。小仲马对当前发生的事件感到失望，对旧制度产生怀念。
大仲马投身，但并无成就。小仲马则仍不倦地工作：在１８４８年到１８５２年之间，他写下了十二本小说。这些小说缺乏想象，只不过是他个人的人生经验和当时流行的思想的结合。
１８４９年 小说《一个女人的小说》出版。
１８５０年 小说《二十岁的生命》和《特里斯当-勒-鲁》出版。
１８５１年 《茶花女》取得成功的影响历久不衰，早已有人鼓励小仲马把小说搬上舞台。起先他和他父亲的一个朋友，一个情节剧作家安东尼-贝洛合作改编。小仲马对结果不满意，决定独自一个进行改编，并从此显露了他写剧本的才能。他把小说内容大量修改，写成了一个五幕剧，剧本中有大段独白和精彩的对话。剧本的内容是浪漫主义的，但是用的全是日常语言。小仲马为一些演员念他的剧本时，听的人都失声痛哭......可是要上演这个剧本还很困难。这时候大仲马遇到了麻烦，不得不用不到原价十分之一的价钱卖掉他的山别墅。
小仲马偶然得到了肖邦给乔治-桑的信，他把信还给了乔治-桑；乔治-桑把这些信烧掉了，从此和小仲马结下了深厚的友谊。
这一年小仲马还写了三本小说：《三个坚强的人》、《迪安娜-德-利斯》和《鬼魂》。
春天，歌舞剧院经理准备接受《茶花女》。
内政部长福歇认为《茶花女》伤风败俗，下令禁演。小仲马经济遇到困难；他再次和他的母亲卡特琳娜-拉贝共同生活。他通过莫内，把剧本呈交当时的共和国总统路易-波拿巴。当局成立了一个审查委员会，委员有朱尔-雅南、莱翁-戈兹朗和埃米尔-奥吉埃等人；审查结果认为此剧并未妨碍风化。１２月，路易-拿破仑发动军事政变，建立军事，大仲马到布鲁塞尔；莫内被任命为内政部长，批准《茶花女》剧本上演。
１８５２年 ２月２日，《茶花女》在巴黎杂耍剧院首场演出，玛格丽特由多什夫人扮演，取得了伟大成功；这次演出成了这一世纪戏剧界的一个重大事件，意大利作曲家威尔第也是当时的观众之一。后来又有很多著名演员扮演了茶花女的角色，其中有罗丝-谢里，德克莱，拉塔朗蒂埃拉和萨拉-贝纳尔。小仲马打电报给父亲："巨大的成功，就像我是在参加你的作品的首场演出！"父亲立即回电："我最好的作品就是你，我的孩子！"《茶花女》的成功伴随着小仲马很久很久，他由此得到的光荣甚至使他的剧作家父亲相形见绌。后来他一共写了十六部戏剧，在这些剧本中，他以道德学家自居，攻击的矛头始终离不开女人，金钱和腐化。
把《迪安娜-德-利斯》改编成剧本。
１８５３年 《中短篇小说集》出版。
由意大利作曲家威尔第作曲、作家皮阿威写脚本的歌剧《拉特拉维阿塔》（即《茶花女》，但剧中人物名字均已改动。）
在威尼斯的菲尼斯剧场演出；未引起注意，只演了十场。
１８５４年 小说《珍珠夫人》出版。
５月６日，威尼斯的圣贝内代托剧场重演《拉特拉维阿塔》，取得巨大成功。
１８５５年 现实主义戏剧《半上流社会》出版；小仲马和浪漫主义彻底决裂。可是这位专门讲道德的作家却疯狂地爱上了一位已婚女子纳迪亚-克诺林；她是个波罗的海沿岸的斯拉夫人，是纳雷什基纳亲王的妻子。小仲马在１８６１年给乔治-桑的信中说，这位亲王夫人就像"一条绿眼睛的美人鱼"，"我随时准备像爱一个天使般地爱她，也随时准备像杀死一只野兽般地杀掉她"。
１８５６年 《拉特拉维阿塔》在伦敦和纽约上演。
１８５７年 剧本《金钱问题》出版。
１８５８ -- １８５９年 受他与父亲的关系启发的两个剧本《私生子》和《一个荒唐的父亲》取得成功。
１８６０年 １２月２０日，纳雷什基纳亲王夫人生下一个女儿，取名科莱特；她是前私生子小仲马的私生女儿。
１８６４年 在乔治-桑的不幸的婚姻中得到灵感，写下了《女人们的朋友》。此剧遭到冷遇，使小仲马暂离戏剧舞台。在与父亲同去那不勒斯旅行时，得了严重的神经衰弱症。有人看到他跪在卧室里的地上苦苦思索：他想掐死睡在他隔壁房间里的父亲。
纳雷什基纳亲王去世。小仲马娶了他的遗孀，他们的女儿科莱特在五岁时便会说法语、俄语和德语。
《拉特拉维阿塔》在巴黎上演，改名为《薇奥莱塔》，以后这两个剧名交替使用，或作为正副剧名同时使用。
１８６６年 和"绿眼睛的美人鱼"的结合并不美满。纳迪亚不时生病，而且生性嫉妒，不善理家。这时候仲马一家住在帕西，经常去第埃普附近的普依。小仲马在那儿买下了两幢别墅；他在那儿接待乔治-桑，大仲马最后也是在那儿去世的。
最后一本小说《克莱芒索事件》问世，由于它的大胆的现实主义而得到好评：书中的主人公杀掉了自己的妻子。
同年发表的剧本《奥勃莱夫人的见解》（也是受到乔治-桑的影响）描写了一个思想开明的母亲同意自己的儿子娶一个改邪归正的已经有了私生子的少女作妻子。
１８６７年 小仲马第二个、也是最后一个女儿雅妮娜-仲马出生。小仲马因没有生儿子而感到遗憾，一直用男孩的名字雅诺称呼女儿。
雅妮娜后来嫁给了历史学家埃尔内斯特-多特里弗；有很长一段时间，她戴着她父亲送给茶花女的那串项链。她像她的姐姐一样没有受过洗礼。她死于１９４３年。
８月７日，小仲马获荣誉勋位勋章（１８８８年获第三级荣誉勋位勋章）。从此他经常和泰纳、龚古尔兄弟、勒内等著名文人出入于雅娜-德多贝夫人、奥贝尔农夫人和玛蒂尔特王妃的沙龙。由于他潇洒的风度和机智的谈吐，他到处都受欢迎。
１８６８年 １０月２２日，卡特琳娜-拉贝去世。
１８７０年 大仲马去世。他的光辉由于儿子的成就而有所削弱。小仲马自认为是当代最伟大的作家，是资产阶级道德的捍卫者。此年发表攻击女人的《克洛德的妻子》，引起了埃米尔-德-吉拉尔丹和埃米尔-左拉等激烈的反击。
１８７１年 剧本《参加一次婚礼》和《乔治公主》出版。
１８７４年 《阿尔丰斯先生》取得成功，此剧使他在女人中的印象稍有改善。
小仲马写了一篇攻击性文章《为了妇女的逐步解放》：女人应该像男人一样得到同样的权利；但是在家里，仍应服从丈夫。
法兰西学院提名小仲马接替诗人和剧作家皮埃尔-勒勃伦（１７８５ -- １８７３）的席位。
１８７５年 ２月１１日，小仲马被接纳为法兰西学院院士。他向他父亲表示了敬意，受他青睐的有保尔-布尔热和莫泊桑。
１８７２ -- １８８０年 １８７２年他修改了《茶花女》，以后又写了一些短篇小说和对哲学和社会问题的感想：其中重要的有《歌德的浮士德》的前言（１８７３）；《普莱服神父的玛侬》（１８７５）；后来又写了《莱翁-托尔斯泰的恶癖》。
１８７６年剧本《外国女人》出版。
１８８０年起，小仲马对文学采取了一种严肃的态度。他想在他的作品中总结出一些法律准则，比如"寻找私生子女的父子关系和父女关系"，"私生子女的继承权"，尤其是"离婚问题"。《离婚法》在法国大时制定，在第一帝国后期被废止。由于小仲马等人的努力，离婚法在１８８４年又重新制定。小仲马的长女科莱特靠了这条法律于１８９２年和其丈夫利普曼离了婚。
１８８１年 剧本《巴格达王妃》出版，完全失败。
１８８５年 剧本《德尼斯》出版。
１８８７年 剧本《弗朗西荣》出版。
１８８９年 小仲马写了一篇标题为《手》的文章，第一次向公众表明了他对占星术和手相术产生了兴趣。他和当时著名的手相术家戴巴洛尔和德-泰勃夫人过从甚密。从１８９５年９月１７日他给女儿雅妮娜的一封信中可以看出，暮年的小仲马热衷于神秘学和宿命论。在最后的岁月中，他竟扮演了世俗的神秘主义者的角色。
１８９５年 ４月２日，妻子去世，被葬在纳依，和卡特琳娜同一个地下墓室。
６月２６日，小仲马娶了比他小四十岁的昂利埃特-雷尼埃；她是画家费利克斯-埃斯卡特埃的前妻。
７月２７日，他立下遗嘱。
１１月２７日，小仲马在马尔利－勒鲁瓦去世，被葬在蒙马特公墓，离玛丽-杜普莱西的墓不远。
１９３４年 小仲马第二个妻子昂利埃特-雷尼埃去世，也葬在蒙马特公墓。
Dumas Biography and Filmography
1824 - 1895
July 24, 1802, Dumas (1802 - 1870) was born in Paris, near the town Ville - Cauteret. His father, Dumas - Damrey is Santo Domingo de - Lapadeli Mingjiaomali Marquis and a half-breed born to female slaves, was once under the command of Napoleon, a heroic general, the latter due to and the Napoleon of opinion out of favor, died at the age of 40-year-old.
January 16, 1824, La Traviata prototype Mary - Dupulaixi (formerly Ming Aer seal Xena - Plessy) was born in Normandy.
July 27, Dumas (1824 - 1895) was born in Paris. Dumas and his neighbors living in the same floor seamstresses Katrina - the illegitimate son of Rabe; birth, not Dumas acknowledged.
1827 Dumas was originally recorded in the memory of his drama, "Claude's wife" (1873) among the preface: It was in his mother's Katrina - the home of John Rabe, the then Italian Square (now known as cloth Vejle No. An Plaza) a house attic. His father was the son of the cry sounds in writing, suddenly grabbed the child, thrown into the room at the other end.
In this year, some British actors come to France for the Paris performance of Shakespeare's plays the audience. Dumas began to write this under the influence of his five-act poetic tragedy "Christine" (1828).
Dumas when young, at first by his mother, maintenance, get a good family education. His outstanding, burly and fickleness of the woman's father made him feel confused and scared. Dumas illegitimate child of another, including and Bell - the daughter of Marie Claire Semel students (1831 students), and Anna - Palestinian students in Egypt, Henry (1851 students), as well as in his old age and a Cole first Egyptian born wife Micaela (1860 students).
1831, Dumas and his mother watched Dumas's play "Anthony" and first show. The heroine of this drama is Dumas's mistress, Mary - dorval; her superb acting make the play achieved great success. Watch the first show were Balzac, Gautier, Shengbo Fu, 贝尔利奥兹......
March 17: Dumas acknowledged his son.
April 21, Katrina, also admitted his son. Maintenance in order to get the right son, came in Dumas Dumas hide her, or him jumping through the window to escape, and so on; final court ruling, by the Dumas maintenance. But at this time, and Bell Dumas is - Clare Semel house on fire, so the year-old Dumas sent to boarding school.
Dumas initially was taken to St Navier Yefu Hill V Pelletier boarding school and later go to Blanche Street, Saint-Victor boarding school. Dumas both memories of boarding school life is very scary. His last novel, "Clemens claims the incident" mentioned in mind when he and his mother broke up the pain and at boarding school his classmates on him the illegitimate son of discrimination and.
In "Claude's wife," the preface, Dumas also referred to in the boarding school as unbearable insult and have tried several times to stand with the people; also in this period, the young man's character evolved: The people bear grudges, apathy, suspicion; dislike prostitutes.
Dumas many mistresses; on one called Ida - Ferrie, and Dumas later wrote: "In my childhood, because of the attitude of Miss Ida, I have to tolerate a lot of things." But Dumas has also I remember this time Dumas for his friendship as partners. In one called "Tuoertuoni" British coffee shop, Dumas and his father long ago friends got to know each; which was once the mistress of Napoleon, Miss George, Liszt, Musset, Frei Day Creek - Lemaitre.
1839 Dumas 15 years of age. Boarding school he had to leave Saint-Victor; in "Claude's wife," the preface he said: "I do not grow taller, and I neither like learning, do not like gambling." He has a tendency to mysticism.
Dumas did not take him home, but he was placed in a family apartment accommodation, and to non-resident students in the name of Bourbon to his high school (now Condorcet secondary) school. The students are mostly romantic literature, the republicans. Dumas studied there for two years.
In 1840, Dumas had married his mistress Ida - Ferrie, Dumas is very angry. Chateaubriand is a witness. The couple divorced in 1846.
Dumas has become a pretty tall guy, but he did not have confidence in the HKCEE are not passed. His father loved him very, give him to wear the most fashionable clothes, rue d'Antin often invited him to his house, with his street juggling theater in Montmartre and the Avenue at the end of Italians between the UK coffee shop hanging around. Sometimes in a coffee shop and the United Kingdom with the Lord Palmell Stone or Balzac Dumas to drink...... sometimes the mistress of his father's many things to look slightly to persuade his father, but not always listen to his father, said: "I do not want to accept the advice of your......"
Sometimes the relationship between them become less harmonious, but Dumas side often persuade his father, but by the side of his father's influence, had been idle life, he was the father of his spendthrift habits gradually adapted to the...... later had his own kind "and" defense of life, said: "I had this kind of life following the herd, out of imitation, because doing nothing, it is not my hobby. "
1842 Dumas 18 years of age had their first mistress, was beautiful, she is the wife of the famous sculptor Puladiai. Many years later, she became a "Clemens claims incident" that the Isa prototype. He has a bachelor's small apartment. He frequented brothels and places.
One day this summer, he met a man in Exchange Square on a white muslin dress, wearing a straw hat of the stunning Italian woman, he suddenly suffered a lightning strike like a general. This woman is Mary - Dupulaixi.
Mary - Dupulaixi then 18 years old, being a Mingjiao De - Grammont support the young Duke, and she lived a very dissolute life, many lovers, some are well-known figure; she can call and whim sent them. Jockey club members are win her favor. Later Dumas and often in the theater, opera house and met her promenade, but this woman extraordinary tolerance of fireworks that he would not rashly introduce ourselves.
1843 Dumas moved into senior residential Medici Villa Saint-Germain. He then creativeness, such as springs, great work constantly, and he and his publisher, his mistress, as well as disputes between journalists are also increasing.
1844, Dumas was finally met in vaudeville theaters Mary - Dupulaixi, Mary was the lover is rich in old German - Sitakaier Berg count. Dumas soon became Mary - Dupulaixi the single most beloved lover. Dumas debt everywhere.
The summer of 1845, the year, Dumas and Mary had a dispute between. Mary died in 1884 after the discovery of the following letter between them this story may be the only credible evidence:
Dear Mary:
I hope I can love you like a millionaire adding that, but I can not; you want I can love you like a pauper wildly, but not so I have nothing. So let us all forget it, forget you is a name almost does not matter, for me to forget an unattainable dream.
In the next few months, Laura - Meng Daisi once as Dumas's mistress, Mary became the mistress of Liszt.
1846 Dumas to forget Mary, and want to earn some money themselves. He wrote some poetry, compiled a collection resounding title "youth crime", with the publication of his father's money; results sold 14. He was hand-written his first novel: "Four women and a parrot adventure." At this time, he was the father in writing during the writing strong, "Joseph - Baersamo."
February 3, seriously ill Mary - Dupulaixi secretly in London, and Germany - Beilei Ge married Count, which attempts may want her to fall after not been the kind of life. But after her return from London, all Paris still considered her past Mary - Dupulaixi.
She later went to Baden, the condition deteriorated; she was receiving a very famous doctor.
She was admitted to the Madeleine Avenue 11, rarely go out. Almost no one went to visit her.
Dumas to accompany his father and his father's two friends went to Spain.
January 15, 1847, came back from Spain, Dumas staying in Marseille, a friend of his father, Joseph - Autran home.
February 3, Mary - Dupulaixi died in Paris and was buried in Montmartre cemetery. Her coffin was covered with camellias. To attend her funeral just a few of them: Germany - Sitakaier old Earl Berg, Germany - Beilei Ge count, one from her home to the unidentified friend, and her maid.
Dumas returned on February 10 in Paris, learned the news.
Mary property auction, Dickens also took part.
February 16, Mary's coffin was exhumed and moved to Montmartre Cemetery in a permanent cemetery. I do not know morality - whether the count Beilei Ge wrote to Dumas, asking him to return to Paris to attend the re-burial ceremony.
Dumas is the history of theater, then president, while at the Paul - Marly event decorating his mountain castle.
1848 Dumas a person living in the Saint-Germain district of the White Horse Hotel, he reread "Mayer - Lescaut," with his memories, in writing within one month of "La Traviata."
A published novel will hit; at this time Dumas was also unhappy 20-year-old.
Dumas is at its peak: the history of his theater was fully packed.
Broke out. Historical Drama courtyard to Los Angeles, one of the romantic passion recession. Dumas on current events disappointment miss the old system of production.
Dumas joined, but no success. Dumas is still tirelessly working: in between 1848 to 1852, he wrote 12 novels. These novels lack imagination, but his personal life experience and then the combination of popular thinking.
1849 novel "A Woman's Fiction" was published.
1850 novel "two-year-old life" and "Treece when - Le - Lu" was published.
Dumas occasionally been Chopin to George - Sang letter, he gave the letter to George - Sang; George - Sang burned these letters, from and Dumas forged a profound friendship.
This year, Dumas has written three novels: "three strong" and "Deanna - Germany - Leith" and "Ghost."
Spring Dance Theatre Manager ready for "La Traviata."
Interior Forche that "La Traviata" immoral, ordered the ban on speech. Dumas economic difficulties; him again and his mother Katrina - Rabe live together. Through a Monet, the script submitted to the then President of the Republic Louis - Bonaparte. Authorities set up a review committee members are Jules - Janin, Levon - Ghozlan and Emile - Aoji Ai et al; review concluded that the play did not prevent weathering. December, Louis - Napoleon military coup, the establishment of military, Dumas went to Brussels; Monet was appointed Minister of the Interior to approve "La Traviata" plays performed.
The "Deanna - Germany - Leith," adapted into a screenplay.
1853 "in the short story collection" was published.
Composed by the Italian composer Verdi, opera script writer Pia Wei wrote, "Latelawei Atta" (that is, "La Traviata", but people in the film's name had been changed.)
Phoenix Theatre in Venice; not to attract attention, only for the performance of the 10 games.
1854 novel "Lady Pearl" was published.
May 6, Venice, San Benedetto Theatre again "Latelawei Atta," a great success.
1855 realistic drama "Half the upper class," published; Dumas and thoroughly romantic break. But the writer has specifically ethical crazy in love with a married woman Nadia - Knorin; she is the Baltic Slavs, is 纳雷什基纳 Prince's wife. Dumas in 1861 to George - Sang's letter said, the wife of Prince as "a green-eyed Little Mermaid," "I'm ready to love an angel like a camel love her, too ready to kill one as camel beast to kill her. "
1856 "Latelawei Atta," staged in London and New York.
1857 play "money" was published.
1858 - 1859, by his relationship with his father inspired two plays, "bastard" and "the father of an absurd" a success.
December 20, 1860, his wife gave birth to a daughter of Prince 纳雷什基纳, take Mingkelaite; she is the illegitimate son of Dumas's illegitimate child.
1864 George - Mulberry's unfortunate marriage inspired, wrote "women friends." Produced Zaodaolengyu to Dumas relinquishing the stage drama. Naples with his father to travel with, got serious neurasthenia. Some people see him kneeling on the bedroom floor of hard thinking: He wanted to strangle the next room to sleep in his father.
纳雷什基纳 of Wales died. Dumas married his widow, their daughter Colette at the age of five will speak French, Russian and German.
"Latelawei Atta," staged in Paris, renamed "Violetta", after two plays were used interchangeably, or as a deputy opera the same time.
1866 and the "mermaid green eyes" is not a happy combination. Nadia often sick, and by nature jealous, poor homemaker. Ma Zhong this time lived in Passy, often to the first Epp nearby Pouilly. Dumas bought two villas there; his reception there, George - Sang, Dumas eventually died there.
Finally a novel, "Clemens claims the incident" appeared, because of its bold realism and well received: the book's hero to kill his wife.
Published the same year, the script, "Mrs. Aobo Lai views" (also by George - the impact of mulberry) described a open-minded mother agreed to marry his son's already had an illegitimate son repented for his wife, a girl.
1867 Dumas second and last daughter Ya Nina - Dumas was born. Dumas for not regret a son, has been called with the boy's name Jarno daughter.
Ya Nina was married to the historian 埃尔内斯特 - Duotelifu; there for a long time, wearing her father gave her the necklace Lady of the Camellias. Like her sister she did not like the baptized. She died in 1943.
August 7, Dumas received the Légion d'Honneur (1888 was the third level the Légion d'Honneur). From then on he often and Turner, Goncourt brothers, Rene and other famous writers out of the Jana - De Duobei wife, Aubert farmer and Madierte Princess Sharon. Because of his handsome demeanor and witty conversation, he is welcome everywhere.
October 22, 1868, Katrina - Rabe died.
Dumas died in 1870. Because of his brilliant son's achievements has been weakened. Dumas thinks is the greatest writer, is the guardian of bourgeois morality. The attacks on women published in the "Claude's wife", caused Emir - Germany - Girardin and Emile - Emile Zola and other fierce counterattack.
1871 play, "attending a wedding," and "George Princess" publication.
1874, "Mr. Alfonce" success, the play made him the impression of a woman in a slight improvement.
Dumas wrote an offensive article, "to the gradual liberation of women": women should be like men, have the same rights; But at home, should obey her husband.
French Institute of nomination to succeed poet and playwright Pierre Dumas - Lebo Lun (1785 - 1873) of the seats.
February 11, 1875, Dumas was admitted to the French Academy. He paid tribute to his father, by his favor were Paul - Bourget and Maupassant.
1872 - 1880, 1872, he revised the "La Traviata", and later wrote some short stories and thoughts of philosophy and social issues: One of the important ones are "Goethe's Faust" Introduction (1873); " Pleasant service Manon Father "(1875); and later wrote" Levon - Tolstoy's cribbing. "
1876 play "foreign woman" was published.
1880, Dumas literature takes a serious attitude. He would like to sum up his work in a number of legal norms, such as "woman looking for illegitimate relationship between father and son and daughter," "illegitimate child inheritance woman", especially "divorce." "Divorce Law" in France to develop large, late in the first empire was abolished. As Dumas and others to divorce in 1884, it re-enacted. Dumas's daughter Colette by this law in 1892 and divorced her husband Lipman.
1881 play "The Princess of Baghdad," published a total failure.
1885 play "The Wilderness" was published.
1887 play, "Francis Wing" was published.
1889, Dumas wrote a article entitled "Hands" article, for the first time to the public that his astrology and palmistry generate interest. He and his family was well-known palmistry Daibaluoer and Germany - Tai Bo wife because of the close. From September 17, 1895 letter to his daughter Ya Nina can be seen, are old Dumas interested in occult and fatalism. In the final days, he actually played a secular mystic role.
April 2, 1895, his wife died, was buried in nay, and Katrina, with an underground tomb.
June 26, Dumas married than he was four years old Angliaite - Rainier; she is the painter Felix - 埃斯卡特埃 ex-wife.
July 27, his intestate.
November 27, Dumas at Marly - leroy died, was buried in Montmartre cemetery, from Mary - Dupulaixi near the tomb.
1934 Dumas second wife Angliaite - Rainier's death, also buried in Montmartre cemetery.