yuèdòubǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr Paul Fussellzài散文天地dezuòpǐn!!! |
chū shēng: 1924 nián 3 yuè 22 rì
pà sà dí nà, jiā lì fú ní yà zhōu
zhí yè: jiào shòu, lì shǐ xué jiā, shè huì píng lùn jiā, zuò jiā
dài biǎo zuò:《 gé diào》、《 è sú》
liú pài: fēi xiǎo shuō
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr - gè rén jiǎn lì
1943 nián nián jǐn 19 suì bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr rù wǔ cān jūn。
1944 nián 10 yuè suí zhe dì 103 bù bīng shī chū zhēng fǎ guó。
1944 nián 11 yuè 11 rì, tā dì yī cì shàng qián xiàn yǔ dé jūn zuò zhàn, shēn fù zhòng shāng, shēn shēn de gǎn dào zhàn zhēng de cán kù gěi rén mín dài lái de zāinàn, biàn duì zhàn zhēng chǎn shēng liǎo yàn juàn, tā zài 1996 nián de zìzhuàn zhōng tā xiāng guān de zhè zhǒng zhuàng kuàng yǔ fēi rén huà tā de bīng yì hé tā de fèn nù fāng shì, měi guó zhèng fǔ hé liú xíng wén huà de làng màn zhàn。
20 shì jì 80 nián dài yǐ lái bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr yī zhí gǎn yán de pī píng zhě měi huà bīng yì hé zhàn fǎ。 zǎo qī de yǐng xiǎng shì mèng kěn, dàn tā bǎi tuō mèng kěn zuò wéi yī gè dǎo shī, chēng tā wéi “ bù zú de bēi jù yì shí ”, zhī hòu, tā de zhàn shí jīng yàn。
tuì wǔ zhī hòu, tā jiù dú yǔ bō mò nà dà xué xué yuàn, bìng huò dé bó shì xué wèi。 bì yè zhī hòu tā rèn jiào yú kāng niè dí gé dà xué, dé guó hǎi dé bǎo dà xué, lún dūn dà xué guó wáng xué yuàn, bīn xī fǎ ní yà dà xué。
20 shì jì 90 nián dài zhōng qī tā cóng jiào xué lǐng yù tuì xiū。
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr de 1975 nián wén xué yán jiū de wěi dà de kàng rì zhàn zhēng hé xiàn dài jì yì tǐ( 1975 nián) huò dé guó jiā tú shū jiǎng, wéi yì shù hé wén xué, guó jiā tú shū pī píng jiè jiǎng de pī píng, yǐ jí lā 'ěr fū wò 'ěr duō 'ài mò shēng jiǎng zhī róng yù。
jūn shì lì shǐ xué jiā yuē hàn jī gāng hūyù tā shì“ jiǎn dān gāo chāo de shū”。 lín 'ēn hàn lì, bù guò, tí gōng liǎo qiáng yòu lì de pī pàn de wěi dà de kàng rì zhàn zhēng hé xiàn dài nèi cún zài tā de 1991 nián wén běn, xiě zuò zhàn zhēng: xiǎo shuō, xìng bié jí jì yì tǐ。
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr zhī yī, jǐ gè lǎo bīng zài jiē shòu cǎi fǎng de jì lù piàn zhàn zhēng zài 2007 nián。
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr - zhí yè shēng yá
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr chū shēng zài pà sà dí nà, jiā lì fú ní yà zhōu。 hòu fú wù yǔ dì 103 bù bīng shī zài fǎ guó hé dé guó( qīng tóng xīng, zǐ xīn xūn zhāng), bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr chū xí bō mò nà dà xué xué yuàn hé hā fó dà xué。
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr de zhí yè shēng yá, zuò wéi dà xué jiào shī, kāi shǐ yú 1951 nián zài kāng niè dí gé xué yuàn。 tā rèn jiào yú Rutgers dà xué de qíng kuàng xià,
cóng 1976 nián zhì 1983 nián tā bèi yuē hàn dé wēi tè jiào shòu yīng yǔ wén xué, bìng zài bīn xī fǎ ní yà dà xué de zài fèi chéng, qí zhōng, cóng 1983 nián zhì 1993 nián, tā jǔ xíng liǎo sī cháng de zhí wèi, tānɡ chí, léi gēn jiào shòu yīng yǔ wén xué。 mù qián, bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr shì táng nà dé tānɡ chí, lǐ gēn míng yù jiào shòu de yīng yǔ wén xué, měi guó bīn zhōu dà xué。
zhè shì bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr de rè qíng, shí bā shì jì de wén xué zuò pǐn zhōng fā shè liǎo tā de zǎo qī shēng yá。 tā de dì yī shū, tí wéi: lǐ lùn de yùn lǜ zài shí bā shì jì de yīng gé lán, shī yì de mǐ hé xíng shì, xiū cí de shì jiè gǔ sī tǎn yǐ rén wéi běn: dào dé hé tú xiàng xùn sù xiàng bó kè, yǐ jí sài miù 'ěr yuē hàn xùn hé shēng huó, xiě zuò。
yǐ hòu bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr de zhí yè shēng yá yī zhí zhì lì yú 'èr shí shì jì de shè huì hé wén huà de lì shǐ。 miáo shù guò dù, bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr shuō, zài zuì jìn jiē shòu cǎi fǎng shí shuō:“ wǒ de jiào xùn [ zhuǎn de jīng yàn, duì de zhì huì hé yuǎn lí qíng gǎn tōng guò ] wǒ cháng qī chén jìn zài shí bā shì jì de wén xué, ér cù qǐng shì bù duàn xiàng wài cóng zì jǐ de, jí shì bù shì yào jìn xíng shēn zhí háng dào zì wǒ, ér shì táo bì zì wǒ, kàn kàn shè huì, kàn kàn shì zěn me huí shì, rán hòu fā biǎo píng lùn。 fěng cì de shì, yī yòu hěn dà de bāng zhù, bǎo hù zì jǐ, cóng zì wǒ yòu guān de qíng gǎn, zhè shì yī zhí shì dí rén, kuàng shān cóng yī kāi shǐ“。
zhè shì zài zhè xiē fēi cháng yòu chéng guǒ de nián, cóng 20 shì jì 70 nián dài zhōng qī qǐ jí bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr xiě de shū jí ràng tā chéng míng。 wěi dà de kàng rì zhàn zhēng hé xiàn dài jì dé yǐ( 1976 nián) shì dì yī jiā zài lìng rén yìn xiàng shēn kè de chū bǎn wù qīng dān chǔlǐ zhàn zhēng hé 'èr shí shì jì de wén huà( gǎn xiè shàng dì, wéi yuán zǐ dàn, hé qí tā sǎnwén, zhàn shí: lǐ jiě hé xíng wéi zài dì 'èr cì shì jiè dà zhàn zhōng, zhè yàng zuò zhàn yì: zhì dìng yī gè huái yí)。 wěi dà de kàng rì zhàn zhēng hé xiàn dài de nèi cún cǐ wài, bèi shòu yú guó jiā tú shū jiǎng zài yì shù hé xìn jiàn jí lā 'ěr fū wò 'ěr duō 'ài mò shēng jiǎng zhī róng yù。
qí tā shū jí bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr bāo kuò guó wài: yīng guó wén xué xíng shǐ zhī jiān de zhàn zhēng, tóng zǐ jūn shǒu cè hé qí tā guān chá, jiē jí zhǐ nán: tòu guò měi guó de dì wèi, zhì dù, shì huài, huò měi lì jiān hé zhòng guó。
zì 1993 nián yǐ lái, bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr yòng tā de shí jiān, yǐ shū miàn xíng shì tí chū, bìng xuān jiǎng yī gè fán máng de zhí yè shēng yá。 zài zhè gè guó jiā, bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr yǐ jīng xuǎn, zuì jìn yāng xíng de“ zuò jiā hé gōng sī”,“ sī xiǎng”, yǐ jí duì yāng xíng de hǎi bīn guǎng bō。 tā hé tā de qī zǐ, bǎi líng dá · fú sài 'ěr, zhù zài fèi chéng。
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr - jiā tíng chéng yuán
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr de fù qīn, lǎo bǎo luó bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr zài luò shān jī yī jiā lǜ shī gōng sī gōng zuò。
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr de mǔ qīn 1894 nián chū shēng zài yìn dì 'ān de wēi 'ěr xùn kǎn。
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr de dì yī rèn qī zǐ, bèi dì · fú sài 'ěr, shì yī míng zhuànjì zuò jiā, tā men zài bō mò nà dà xué xué yuàn xiāng yù, tā xiě liǎo yī běn huí yì lù,《 wǒ de chú fáng zhàn zhēng》( 1999 nián), tǎo lùn tā men 30 nián yǐ shàng de hūn yīn zài shí fēn bù lì de tiáo jiàn, bāo kuò zhǐ kòng fú sài 'ěr yǔ nán xìng hé nǚ xìng céng tōng jiān de shì qíng。
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr de dì 'èr rèn qī zǐ bǎi líng dá。 tā men 1983 nián jié hūn。
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr de 'ér zǐ, huáng bǐng huái · fú sài 'ěr zài jiàn shēn guǎn zuò tǐ yù jiào liàn。
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr de xiōng dì 'āi dé wēn kǎn · fú sài 'ěr shì dà xué yīng yǔ jiào shòu。
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr - zhù zuò liè biǎo
《 shī mǐ hé shī de xíng shì》( 1965 nián)
《 xiū cí de shì jiè gǔ sī tǎn yǐ rén wéi běn: dào dé hé tú xiàng xùn sù》( 1965 nián)
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr
《 lǐ lùn de yùn lǜ zài shí bā shì jì de yīng guó》( 1966 nián)
《 shí bā shì jì de yīng yǔ wén xué》( 1969 nián)
《 sài miù 'ěr yuē hàn xùn hé shēng huó xiě zuò》( 1971 nián)
《 yīng yǔ gǔ sī tǎn shī》( 1972 nián)
《 wěi dà de kàng rì zhàn zhēng hé xiàn dài jì yì tǐ》( 1975 nián)
《 mó nán de cáo shào wěi mǐ hǎi 'ěr: huí yì lù zhōng yī míng shì bīng de gōng wù yuán》( 1975 nián)
《 guó wài: yīng guó wén xué wǎng fǎn zhàn zhēng》( 1980 nián)
《 gāi tóng zǐ jūn shǒu cè hé qí tā guān chá》( 1982 nián)
《 shā xuān dào de màn cháng lǚ chéng》( 1983 nián)
《 gōng rén jiē jí zhǐ dǎo, tòu guò měi guó de dì wèi xì tǒng》( 1983)
《 zhǒng xìng mǎ kè: zài měi guó de zuò fēng hé dì wèi》( 1984 nián)
《 nuò dùn yù dìng lǚ xíng》( 1987 nián)
《 gǎn xiè shàng dì, wéi yuán zǐ dàn jí qí tā lùn wén》( 1988 nián)
《 zhàn shí: lǐ jiě hé xíng wéi zài dì 'èr cì shì jiè dà zhàn zhōng》( 1989 nián)
《 měi lì jiān hé zhòng guó》( 1991)
《 xuè xīng de yóu xì: yī jí xiàn dài zhàn zhēng》( 1991)
《 nuò dùn shū xiàn dài zhàn zhēng》( 1991)
《 dài zhe yà mǐ sī: nán zǐ de xìn jiàn》( 1994 nián)
《 zhè yàng zuò de zhàn dǒu - zhì dìng yī gè huái yí》( 1996 nián)
《 zhì fú: wǒ men wèishénme wǒ men chuān shénme》( 2002)
《 nán shēng de shí zì jūn dōng zhēng: 1944 nián zhì 45 nián měi guó bù bīng zài xī běi 'ōu zhōu》( 2003)
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr - xiě zuò fēng gé
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr de zuò pǐn zhòng diǎn zài yú cóng bù tóng de céng miàn duì měi guó shè huì gè zhǒng 'è sú xiàn xiàng jìn xíng píng jī, fú sài 'ěr de dìng yì, è sú jiù shì jiāng běn lái zāo gāo de dōng xī zhuāng bàn chéng yōu yǎ、 jīng zhì、 fù yú pǐn wèi、 yòu jià zhí hé fú hé shí shàng。 yī jiàn běn lái zhuō liè de shì wù, bìng bù huì yǐn qǐ rén men guò duō de zhù yì, yīn wéi zài rén lèi shēng huó zhōng měi hǎo de dōng xī bìng bù duō jiàn, rén men yǐ jīng xí guàn yú jiān xīn de shēng cún tiáo jiàn hé quē fá shàn yì de huán jìng liǎo。 dàn shì 'è sú, què huì chí xù dì yǐn qǐ rén men de zhù yì, yīn wéi tā guò yú zào zuò、 jiáo shì、 tū wù、 bù zhī xiū chǐ hé wàng zì zūn dà, tā bèi pàn suǒ yòu rén lèi lì shǐ zhōng yī diǎn yī diǎn jī lěi qǐ lái de zhì huì hé zhí jué。
fú sài 'ěr yǐ qí tè yòu de jī zhì hé jiān kè de wén bǐ, lín lí jìn zhì dì xiàng rén men zhǎn shì měi guó rén de gǎn zhī hé diào mèi de bù kě jiù yào。 zhěng gè shè huì dōubèi fú huá de kōng xū hé měi lì de lā jī suǒ yū sài。 è sú wú suǒ bù zài, cóng guǎng yīn、 yínháng、 cān guǎn、 jiāo tōng, dào sī xiǎng、 wén xué hé gāo děng yuàn xiào, dào chù dōushì sú yàn、 wěi shàn、 yú mèi、 wú zhī hé wài qiáng zhōng gān。 è sú zài yóu dàng, ér rén men yǐ chǒu wéi měi, yǐ jiǎ wéi zhēn, yǐ qiǎn bù wéi shēn kè, yǐ yú mèi wéi zhì huì, zhè jiù huáng dà zhòng shè huì de wén huà sù guān。 nǐ wú kě táo bì, yīn wéi nǐ shēng huó zài zhè yàng yī gè xū jiǎ de nián dài。
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr - shè huì yǐng xiǎng
fú sài 'ěr pēng jī de měi guó 'è sú xiàn xiàng, zhǎo dào zhōng guó shì de fān bǎn yǐ jīng bù xiàng shí nián qián nà me kùn nán liǎo。 yuán yīn bìng bù fù zá, yī gè gǔ lǎo de guó jiā jīhū yǔ yī gè xīn xīng de guó jiā yī yàng, zài jī liè de biàn gé zhī hòu dū shī qù liǎo chuán tǒng, zài méi yòu chuán tǒng guī fàn kě xún de shí dài lǐ, yī qiē rén lèi tiān xìng zhōng wèi jīng mó liàn de yù wàng biàn huì yán zhe
yóu qí shì《 è sú》 yī shū zài zhōng guó de chū bǎn, shí zài kě yǐ zuò wéi yī miàn jìng zǐ zhào chū wǒ men de míng tiān。 lǐ lùn shàng jiǎng, shāng yè shí dài bìng bù bì rán dài lái zhǒng zhǒng jǐn yǐ jīn qián wéi qū dòng lì de dān yī de 'è sú chǎng jǐng。 zhè yīcháng jǐng de chū xiàn yòu gēngshēn kè de lì shǐ hé xiàn shí yuán yīn。 zì zūn、 fēng fàn、 mǐn ruì、 zhì huì zhè xiē rén lèi gù yòu de pǐn zhì, bì xū zài yī gè gèng wéi kāi fàng de huán jìng lǐ cái néng chéng xiàn chū lái。 dāng bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr zài běn shū jié wěi chù yòng wéi yī de duàn luò zàn sòng xī wàng shí, tā bìng méi yòu fàng qì zhēng qǔ měi hǎo de quán lì。 tóng yàng, dāng wǒ men cóng běn shū miáo huì de xiàn xiàng lǐ kàn dào wǒ men zì jǐ shēng huó zhōng de bǐ sú shí, shí jì shàng shì huò dé liǎo yī cì bǎi tuō kùn jìng de jī huì。 è sú xiàn xiàng bìng bù kě pà。 kě pà de shì wǒ men fǔ shǒu tīng mìng yú 'è sú de bǎi bù, bù zài zhuī qiú yòu yì yì yòu jià zhí de shēng huó。
bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr - gè rén míng yán
suǒ wèi 'è sú, shì zhǐ mǒu zhǒng xū jiǎ、 cū lòu、 háo wú zhì huì、 méi yòu cái qì、 kōng dòng 'ér lìng rén yàn 'è de dōng xī, dàn shì, yòu hěn duō rén jìng huì xiāng xìn tā men shì chún zhèng、 gāo yǎ、 míng zhì huò mí rén de。 héng héng bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr
yī qiē wù pǐn dū sàn fā zhe yì shù de、 shè huì de、 huò dào dé de yì wèi, ér rén suǒ rǎn zhǐ de měi yī jiàn wù pǐn, sì hū dōushì wèile yǎn yǐn qí zāo gāo huò 'è sú。 héng héng bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr
zài yī gè jìng xiāng jiāng kōng dòng hé lā jī shìde wù pǐn biāo shàng gāo jià de shí dài, bǎo chí gāo dù jǐng tì qū fēn héwèi 'è sú, shì shí xià“ shēng huó lè qù” zhōng de yī gè zhòng yào zǔ chéng bù fēn。 héng héng bǎo luó · fú sài 'ěr
Paul Fussell was born in Pasadena, California, USA, the second of three children . His father, Paul Longstreth Fussell (15 January 1895-16 July 1973), was a corporate lawyer in Los Angeles with the firm of O’Melveny & Myers. His mother was born Wilhma Wilson Sill in Illinois 21 August 1893 and died 23 March 1971 .
Military service
Fussell was drafted into the U.S. Army in 1943, at age 19. In October 1944 he landed in France, as part of the 103rd Infantry Division. On November 11, he experienced his first night on the front lines. He was wounded while fighting in France as a second lieutenant in the infantry, and was awarded the Bronze Star and the Purple Heart. Fussell suffered from depression and rage for years following his military service. In his 1996 autobiography he associated those problems with the dehumanization of his military service and his anger at the way the United States government and popular culture romanticized warfare. Since the 1980s Fussell has been an outspoken critic of the glorification of armed conflicts . An early influence was H. L. Mencken, but he shed Mencken as a mentor, calling him "deficient in the tragic sense", after his wartime experience.
Education and teaching career
Dr. Fussell spent his undergraduate years at Pomona College, and earned a Ph. D. at Harvard University. He has taught at Connecticut College, Rutgers University, the University of Heidelberg, King's College London, and the University of Pennsylvania . He retired from teaching in the mid-1990s.
Personal life
His first wife, Betty Fussell, a food writer and biographer, whom he met at Pomona College, has written a memoir, My Kitchen Wars, that discusses their more than 30 years of marriage in highly negative terms, including allegations that Fussell had adulterous affairs with both men and women.
Fussell now lives in Philadelphia, with his second wife, Harriette Behringer. They met in 1983, when she sent him a postcard introducing herself, after reading an article about him. Now retired, she worked in journalism and public relations. His son, Samuel Fussell, is the author of Muscle: Confessions of an Unlikely Bodybuilder. His brother Edwin Sill Fussell was also a professor of English literature.
Awards and honors
Fussell's 1975 literary study The Great War and Modern Memory (1975) won the National Book Award for Arts and Letters, the National Book Critics Circle Award for Criticism, and the Ralph Waldo Emerson Award of Phi Beta Kappa. Military historian John Keegan calls it a "simply superb book".
Fussell was one of several veterans interviewed in the Ken Burns and Lynn Novick documentary The War in 2007.
Works
Poetic Meter and Poetic Form (1965)
The Rhetorical World of Augustan Humanism: Ethics and Imagery from Swift to Burke (1965)
Theory of Prosody in Eighteenth-Century England (1966)
Eighteenth-Century English Literature (1969) editor with Geoffrey Tillotson and Marshall Waingrow
Samuel Johnson and The Life of Writing (1971)
English Augustan Poetry (1972)
The Great War and Modern Memory (1975)
The Ordeal of Alfred M. Hale: The Memoirs of a Soldier Servant (1975) editor
Abroad: British Literary Travelling Between the Wars (1980)
The Boy Scout Handbook and Other Observations (1982)
Sassoon's Long Journey (1983) editor, from The Complete Memoirs of George Sherston
Class, A Guide Through the American Status System (1983)
Caste Marks: Style and Status in the USA (1984)
The Norton Book of Travel (1987) editor
Thank God for the Atom Bomb and Other Essays (1988)
Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War (1989)
BAD: or, The Dumbing of America (1991)
The Bloody Game: An Anthology of Modern War (1991)
The Norton Book of Modern War (1991) editor
The Anti-Egotist. Kingsley Amis: Man of Letters (1994)
Doing Battle - The Making of a Skeptic (1996) autobiography
Uniforms : Why We Are What We Wear (2002)
The Boys’ Crusade : The American Infantry in Northwestern Europe, 1944-1945 (2003)