guó zuòzhělièbiǎo
luò 杜洛 doswéi yōng Francois Villon · bèi lāi Joachim du Bellay
gāo nǎi Pierre Corneillewéi duō · guǒ Victor Hugoxià 'ěr · lāi 'ěr Charles Baudelaire
fāng · měi Stephane Mallarmewèi 'ěr lún Paul-Marie Veriaineluò léi 'ā méng Comte de Lautréamont
lán Arthur Rimbaud 'ěr méng Remy de Gourmontbǎo 'ěr - ràng · lāi Paul-Jean Toulet
lǎng · Francis Jammes 'ěr Léon-Paul Fargue luò dài 'ěr Paul Claudel
bǎo 'ěr · léi Paul Valeryxià 'ěr · pèi Charles Peguy pèi wéi 'āi 'ěr Jules Supervielle
luò dōng André Bretonài Paul Eluardā nài 'ěr Guillaume Apollinaire
· lāi wéi 'ěr Jacques Prévertā gòng Louis Aragonbǎo 'ěr · 'ěr Paul Fort
hēng · xiū Henri Michauxāi léi José Maria de Herediaā 'ěr tuō Antonin Artaud
wéi Pierre Reverdybài Saint-John Perse duō Sully Prudhomme
nèi · xià 'ěr René Char fán · 'ěr Yvan Goll kǎi Alain Bosquet
Yves Bonnefoy nèi · sài Rene Groussetā lán · pèi léi fěi Alain Peyrefitte
xiē 'ěr · wèi - wēi 'ěr Michelle David - Willbái jìn Joachim Bouvet lín · nài Katrina resistant
ruò · léi shí José Frèches xiē 'ěr - shī nài Michelle - Schneider · Nicolas Sarkozy
ā · níng Anaïs Ninràng · duō · bào Jean-Dominique Bauby xiē 'ěr - ān tuō · Michel-Antoine Burnier
xiē 'ěr · kǒng Michel Contatāi lāi · Hélène Grimaud · Tarita Teriipaia
ràng · fěi To Philip · zhā 'ěr 尼玛扎玛尔 luò wéi shì Clovis I
luò tài 'ěr shì Clothaire Ier 'ěr sān shì Childeric III píng Pepin III
chá Charlemagne shì Louis the Piouschá 'èr shì Charles II (le Chauve)
'èr shì Louis II sān shì Louis III luò màn 'èr shì Carloman II
bái jìn Joachim Bouvet
guó bàng wáng cháo  (1656niánqīyuè18rì1730niánshíyuè9rì)

yuèdòubái jìn Joachim Bouvetzài历史大观dezuòpǐn!!!
yuèdòubái jìn Joachim Bouvetzài小说之家dezuòpǐn!!!
  yòu zuò bái jìn míng yuǎn。 1656 nián 7 yuè 18 shēng guó máng shìnián qīng shí rén huì xué xiào jiù jiē shòu liǎo bāo kuò shén xué yán xuézhé xué rán xué de quán miàn jiào yóu duì shù xué xué xīng nóng hòuqiú xué jiān duì shā lüè dào zhōng guó chuán jiào què zài shàng chuān dǎo shàng bào hèn zhōng shēng de shì yòu suǒ 'ěr wén shòu dào dòu děng huì shì zài zhōng guó de zhuó yuè chéng jiù de shì biàn méng liǎo men 'èr rén zhī hòu chéndào yáo yuǎn de zhōng guó chuán jiào de yuàn wàng
  
   bái jìn 1678 nián 10 yuè 9 huì, 1687 nián 7 yuè 23 wéi wáng shí xuǎn pài liù míng lái huá huì shì zhī zài chū qián men bèi shòu guó xué yuàn yuàn shìbìng yòu cèliáng suǒ jīng de wèi zhì shōu xué liào zhī rèn zhè chuán jiào shì hóng ruò hàn shén wéi shǒu 1685 nián 3 yuè 3 cóng guó léi dōng jīng xiān luó ( jīn tài guó ), qīng kāng 'èr shí liù nián (1687 nián 7 yuè 23 ) xià zhè jiāng níng qǐng qiú zài huá yǒng jiǔ liú zhōng yòu wèi shén bèi xiān luó guó wáng wǎn liúméi yòu tóng xíng lái zhōng guó wài rén zuì hòu 1688 nián 2 yuè 7 běi jīngzhè rén wéi hóng ruò hàn míngbái jìnzhāng chéngliú yìngdāng shí de zhè jiāng xún jīn hóng zhè xiē rén zhào jìng wén qiǎn sòng huí guóyīn dāng shí rèn zhí qīn tiān jiān de shí jiào shì nán huái rén nián shì gāokāng zhèng xīn rén jiē suì zhǔn men jìn jīngbái jìn zhāng chéng (J.F.Gerbillon) liǎng wèi shén dāng bèi kāng liú jīng gòngzhí sān rén huò zhǔn qián wǎng shěng yóu chuán yīn
  
  1688 niánzhāng chéng děng jìn gōngjìn xiàn liǎo dāng shí 'ōu zhōu xiān jìn de tiān wén bāo kuò dài gāo wàng yuǎn jìng de fēn xiàng xiàn shuǐ píng tiān wén zhōnghái yòu xiē shù xué kāng fēi cháng huānxià lìng zhì gōng nèi shì zhōngbìng chuán zhǐ bái jìnzhāng chéng xué mǎn , 9 yuè hòu xué chéngbái jìnzhāng chéng zài xiàng kāng jiǎng jiě suǒ jìn de shǐ yòng de tóng shíhái xiàng jiǎng jiě xiē tiān wén xiàn xiàngbìng jiè shào liǎo tiān wén xué jiā (JeanDominiqueCassini, 1625 1712) guó shù xué jiā tiān wén xué jiā 'ěr (PhilippedeLahiere, 1640~ 1718) guān shí yuè shí de xīn fāng bìng huì jiā shuō míngbái jìn hái jiāng wáng shí zhī méi 'ēn gōng jué sòng gěi de gāo wàng yuǎn jìng zhuǎn chéng gěi kāng huáng
  
  1690 niánzhāng chéngbái jìn děng tǒng xiàng kāng jiǎng shòu guò xué suàn shùzhāng chéngbái jìn biān xiě liǎo mǎn wén shí yòng xué gāng yàohòu láibái jìnzhāng chéng de mǎn wén jiǎng gǎo zhěng chéng bìng chéng hàn wényóu kāng qīn shěn dìng zuò zhè jiù shì xiàn zài gōng yuàn suǒ cáng mǎn wén běn yuán běn》, ér hàn wén běn shōu liǎoshù jīng yùn》。
  
  1691 niángēn kāng huáng de yào qiúbái jìn zhāng chéng céng zhǔn bèi jiǎng 'ōu zhōu zhé xué shǐdàn yīn kāng huàn bìng néng yòng gōng 'ér wèi néng 'àn jìhuà jìn xíng men kàn dào huáng shàng hěn xiǎng liǎo jiě rén zhì néng dòng yīn zài zhè xiē zhì zhōng shēng de xiē yòu zuò yòng de yuán suǒ yòu jué dìng jiǎng shòu rén jiě pōu xué
  
  1693 niánkāng sān shí 'èr nián) 7 yuè 4 bái jìnzhāng chéng liǎng rén jìn xiàn de kuí níng zhì liǎo kāng huáng de nüè wèile chóu xiè men de gōng láokāng mìng zài huáng chéng 'ān mén nèi jiàn fángzuò wéi chuán jiào shì de zhù zháitóng shíkāng huáng wéi zhāo lái gèng duō de guó huì shìrèn mìng bái jìn wéi shǐ chū shǐ guóxié dài zèng sòng guó guó wáng de zhēn guì shū shí jiǔ huí guó zhāo gèng duō de chuán jiào shì lái huábái jìn niǎn zhuǎn shuǐ zhì 1697 nián 3 yuè cái léi , 5 yuè huí dào dāng shízài guó zhǐ yòu 23 hàn wén shū yīn bái jìn dài huí de zhè tào hàn wén shū ràng shí gǎn dào fēi cháng huān jīng bái jìn gāi nián chū bǎnzhōng guó xiàn zhuàngkāng huáng liǎng běn shūfēn bié xiàn gěi liǎo gèn gōng jué rén shí bái jìn jiāng kāng huáng miáo huì wéi lìng wèi tài yáng wáng shí duì kāng de hǎo gǎncóng 'ér huò duì chuán jiào jìn de cái zhèng rén de zhī chí pài qiǎn gèng duō de huì shì zhōng guó bìng zhī nián xīn shí kāng kǎi dāyìng liǎo zhè qǐng qiútóng shí shòu quán bái jìn huā wàn láng wéi kāng huáng zhǔn bèi
  
   qiē jiù zhī hòu, 1698 nián 3 yuè ān fěi hào zài zhe yīháng 9 wèi huì shì luó shè 'ěr máo shǐ xiàng guǎng zhōuchú bái jìn wài 8 rén fēn bié shì léi xiào ( Jean-BaptisteRegis)、 shèng xué( Jean-CharlesEtiennedeBroissia)、 jìng chén( CharlesDolze)、 nán guāng guó (LouisPernon)、 ruò ( JosephHennryM.dePremare)、 duō míng( DominiqueParrenin)、 yán ( PhilibertGeneix)、 wèi jiā ( CharlesdeBelleville)。
  
   zài zhī qiánbái jìn jīng 'ān pái lìng wài míng huì shì xiān kāi shèng ( JeanFrancoisFoucquet) jiā( GabrielBarborier) 1698 nián 1 yuè chéng lánhào kāi léi bìng zài gǎng huàn shàng liǎo bānghào jiàn chuán jīng zài gāi chuán shàng de 3 míng huì shì huì jiā shàng men zài yìn shíyòu yòu liǎng míng guó huì shì jié bàn lái zhōng guózhè yàngbái jìn xíng gòng dài huí liǎo 15 míng huì shì zhōng de shǎo rén zài hàn xué fāng miàn yòu chū de gòng xiàn men 1699 nián fǎn huí běi jīngbìng xié lái guó guó wáng huí zèng de míng guì diāo
  
   bái jìn zhè chū shǐ de chéng gōngshēn kāng huáng de zàn huáng rèn mìng wéi huáng tài de dǎo lǎo shībái jìn kāng huáng yòu zhe tóng yàng de jiàn jiě men wàng zhǎo dào jiào tiān zhù jiào de gòng tóng diǎncóng 'ér shǐ zhōng guó rén néng gòu jiē shòu bìng gǎi xìn tiān zhù jiào shuōkāng huáng běn rén céng xuān chēng yào xìn yǎng tiān zhù jiàobìng shǐ quán zhōng guó rén mín jiāng gǎi xìn jiàozài zhōng guó de chuán jiào shì mendōu wéi shí xiàn zhè xiǎng 'ér quán zhǐ shì zuì zhōng bìng wèi chéng gōngdāng shíbái jìn cóng shū jīngzhōng xún zhǎo tiān zhù jiào chuán shuō de hén tōng guò yán jiū rèn wéi jīng cóng zhōng guó diǎn shū zhōng xiàn liǎo tiān zhù jiào chū chuán de jìzǎi shì liǎng tóng dào xiě liǎo jīn jìng tiān jiàn shū
  
  1705 niánluó jiào huáng shǐ duó luówéi bān jiào huáng de jìn lìng lái dào zhōng guókāng huáng wéi zhèn xià lìng jiāng zhú chū běi jīngdàn huáng rèn wéi jiào huáng de cuò jué shì yóu liǎo jiě zhōng guóyòu tīng xìn liǎo huài rén de chán yán shì suàn pài bái jìn qián wǎng luó xiàng jiào huáng jiě shìhòu yóu duó luó de jiàn yán zhòng fēn kāng xià lìng jiāng bái jìn zhào huíwèi néng chéngháng
  
   kāng huáng fāng chuán jiào shì jiē chù hòuzài xué shǐ yòng tiān wénshù xué de guò chéng zhōngduì de cèliáng chǎn shēng liǎo xīng dàn kāng guān huì quán guó de shè xiǎngshǒu xiān méng píng dìng sān fān zhī luàn shízài zhàn zhēng zhōng huī liǎo zhòng yào de zuò yòng bào chū hěn duō quē xiànyòu de lüè yòu de shèn zhì cuò bǎi chūzhāng chéng jìzǎiqiān dìngzhōng 'é chǔ tiáo yuēzhī hòu, 1690 nián 1 yuè 26 kāng yào qiú zhāng chéng jiè shào 'é guó shǐ tuán de lái huá xiànzhāng chéng 'àn zhào fāng huì zhì de gěi jiǎng shù xiàn zhōng guān zhōng guó de fēnyóu shì zhōng guó dōng běi fēn guò jiǎn lüè shūyóu jué xīn kào chuán jiào shì yòng fāng de cèliáng shù huì zhì zhāng quán guó
  
  1708 niánkāng shí niánbái jìn fèng mìng léi xiào (1663~ 1738) měi (1668~ 1720) děng rén dài duì cóng cháng chéng duì cháng chéng ménbǎo jìn de chéng zhài shuǐ
  
   liú děng jìn xíng liǎo cèliáng。 1709 nián 1 yuè men fǎn huí běi jīngdài huí zhāng yuē 15 yīng chǐ cháng de zhī hòuyòu yòu fèi yǐn děng rén jiā zhè bái jìn děng rén shuài duì huì cháng chéng jìnshǎngān děng shěngzhí zhì xīn jiāng dài de chuán jiào shì bèi pài wǎng shěng cèliáng huì zhìhuáng quán lǎn 》, bái jìn děng rén hái cān jiā liǎo zuì hòu de huì zǒng gōng zuòzhè xiàng rèn shí jiǔ nián cái zuì zhōng wán chéngjīng kāng shěn dìng hòu, 1718 nián huì zhì chénghuáng quán lǎn shěng fēn zhè shì shì jiè shàng zài guǎng kuò de guó shàng wán chéng de cèliángzhè cèliáng zhōng tǒng liǎo cháng dān wèi xiàn jīng cháng shàng xià zhèng shí liǎo qiú shì biǎn qiú xíng
  
  1730 nián 6 yuè 28 yōng zhèng niánbái jìn běi jīngxiǎng nián 74 suìzhī hòu 'ān zàng zài zhèng shēng de shì chōng fēn zhèng míng yòu zhe jiān dìng de xìn niàn zhēn zhì de chuán jiào jīng shén huì shì men biàn yòu de zhèng zhì cái néngjiù rén xìng 'ér yán shì wēn hòu chéng shízhōng shùn kào de rénjiù suàn yòu shí duì bié rén mǎn jué fěi bàng bié rén rén wéi shànyīn zǒng néng zhōu wéi de rén yǒu hǎo xiāng chùcóng 'ér zǒng shì néng gòu hěn hǎo shí xiàn de yuàn wàng yào qiú
  
   yán jiū jīng
  
   bái jìn shì wèi duì jìn dài zhōng wén huà jiāo liú zuò chū zhuó yuè gòng xiàn de rén ér jīng chuán shǐ shàngbái jìn de zuò yòng yóu wéi zhòng yào bái jìn kāi shǐzài huá de tiān zhù jiào jiào shì zhī xué shù yán jiū jiàn jiàn xiǎn shì liǎo fēn huà de qīng xiàngliú zhù běi jīng de jiào shìqīn jìn zhōng guó huáng shèn zhì fèng huáng zhī mìng jìn xíng zhù shù men suī zhì zhōng guó jīng diǎn de yán jiūquè yuǎn liǎo dāng shí zhōng guó bān zhī shí jiè duō shù zhōng guó rén yòu zhǒng xiǎngduì men réng shì shēng de men běn shēn suǒ yòu de zōng jiàozhé xué xué zhī shí guān niàn wéi chǔlái yán jiū zhōng guó jīngxíng chéng zhǒng de xiǎng men yán jiū zhōng guó xué wèn de mùdìzài wéi fāng xún zhǎo gèng wéi xiǎng de jiē yīn men jiè zhù yán jiū zhōng guó jīng diǎnjìn tàn tǎo zhōng wén huà de gòng tóng wèn 'ér men duì zhōng guó de rèn shí zhōng guó xué de yán jiūhuò duō huò shǎo tóng zhōng guó de chuán tǒng guòzhè zhǒng tóng shì yòu shí dexiāng dāng jué de men kàn dàoér hòu fāng shì jiè xíng chéng de xuébìng shì yán zhe zhōng guó chuán tǒng xué shù fāng shì 'ér zhǎn dezhè diǎn zhèng hǎo dōng xué xíng chéng duì zhàozhèng shì zhè zhǒng shēn de chā xìng de zhǎn kāi xué de yǎn jìn jiàn jiàn jìn gèng yòu kuà wén huà de zhǎn shí
  
   bái jìn zuò wéisuǒ yǐn xué pàide kāi chuàng rén de xíng xiàng lùn de jiàn zhí jiē duì jīngde tǒng yán jiūbái jìn de xíng xiàng zhù gòu xiǎngzài wèi lái huá zhī qián yùn niàngzhì huá hòuyán jīng》, tuī dòng jìn zhuóshǒu chǎn shù zhǒng xíng xiàng lùn de shén xué zhé xué
  
  1697 nián bái jìn zài jiù jīngde zuò liǎo yǎn jiǎngzài yǎn jiǎng zhōng jīngshì wéi bólātú shì duō yàng wán měi de zhé xué shuōsuī ránzhè zhù zhāng néng bèi rèn wéi shì men huì chuán jiào shì de guān diǎnzhè shì yīn wéi fēn huì shì zhì jīn rèn wéi jīngzhè běn shū chōng chì zháomí xìn de dōng xué shuō méi yòu háo láo kào de chǔ rán 'ér gǎn shuō zhè bèi M.Maigrot suǒ jié nán de zhù zhāng shì fēi cháng zhēn shí deyīn wéi xiāng xìn yòu xìng xiàn liǎo tiáo ràng zhòng rén liǎo jiě zhōng guó zhé xué zhèng què yuán de kào dào zhōng guó zhé xué shì dezhì shǎo tóng bólātú huò shì duō de zhé xué tóng yàng wán měi xiǎng tōng guò fēn jīngzhè běn shū zhōng zhǒng zhǒng lìng rén huò de biǎo xiàng lùn zhèngzhè zhù zhāngde zhēn shí xìng。《 jīngzhè běn shū zhōng yùn hán liǎo zhōng guó jūn zhù zhèng de chuàng zào zhě zhōng guó de wèi zhé xué jiā dezhé xuéyuán zài shuōchú liǎo zhōng guó liǎo jiě men de zōng jiào tóng men dài de de zhé xué chuàng duō me zhì wàiyīn wéi chéng rèn xiàn dài zhé xué shì wán měi de), xiāng xìn zài zhè shì jiè hái yòu shénme fāng gèng néng shǐ zhōng guó rén de xiǎng xīn líng jiě men shén shèng de zōng jiàobái jìn rèn wéi jīng zhōng guó shǐ xiān zhī yánfāng shì biǎo liǎo jiào jiào
  
   píng jià kāng
  
   bái jìn zài gěikāng chuánzuò de zhōng shuō,“ xiàn dài rén duì cóng yuǎn fāng huí guó de rén dài lái de xíng jiàn wén wǎng wǎng chí huái tài zhè zhǒng shí dài jīng shén shí shí shù liǎo kāng huáng de yán xíngsuǒ jué zhè kāng chuán suǒ dāng rán yīnggāi huò zhě de quán miàn xìn làidàn yóu shàng shù huái tài zài zuò suì néng shí xiàn zhè yuàn wàng shì yóu kāng chuánzhǐ jìzǎi liǎo men qīn yǎn kàn dào de shì shíbìng jiè shào liǎo zhǔn què de zhī shísuǒ xiāng xìn zhě dìng huì yuè bān yóu tóng de tài yuè běn shūlìng wài guǒ huì zhāo zhì shì jiè shàng yīng míng jūn zhù shí wáng xià zhèng dāng de fèn huò zhě huì shī diào dōng yáng jūn zhù kāng huáng 'ēn chǒng de cuò shùchéng xiàn gěi wáng xiàzhè shì zhǒng qīng shuài de dòng。”
  
   bái jìn zàikāng chuánzhōng duì kāng de qíng kuàng xiàng shí shì jìn xíng liǎo jiè shào
  
  “ liǎng sān nián qián xià pài wǎng zhè wèi huáng shēn biān de huì shìyòu xìng jiē chù wèi qián zài guó wài lián zuò mèng wèi céng jiàn guò de wěi rén xià yàngyòu gāo shàng de rén fēi fán de zhì huìgèng bèi wáng xiāngchèn de tǎn dàng xiōng huái zhì mín xiū shēn tóng yàng yán jǐnshòu dào běn guó rén mín lín guó rén mín de chóng jìngcóng hóng wěi de lái kàn jǐn wēi míng xiǎn ér qiě shì wèi shí xióng hòu gāo wàng zhòng de wángzài biān chuí zhī néng jiàn dào yīng zhùquè shí lìng rén jīng jiǎn yán zhīzhè wèi huáng yòu zuò wéi yīng míng jūn zhù de xióng cái lüè guǒ shuō zhì guó jiā de cái néng hái xià mekǒng shuō shì láitǒng zhì tiān xià de wáng dāng zhōng zuì wéi shèng míng de jūn zhù guó huì shì duì shèn wéi chī jīng
  
   tiān gāo wén qiǎngjìzhì guò rénmíng chá qiū háo yòu chǔlǐ fēn fán shì de gāngjìng yòu zhì dìngzhǐ huīshí xiàn hóng wěi guī huá de jiān qiáng zhì de shì hǎo xīng gāo dōuhěn shì wáng de shēn fèn wéi rén gōng zhèngshēn zhāng zhèng chàng dǎo xíngài chén mín yòu cóng zhēn de xìng jué duì zhì qíng de zhī xīnzhū lèi gāo guì pǐn shèng méi wàizài wàn de jūn wáng zhōngnéng 'àihào shù bìng qín fèn xué mén xué de néng lìng rén jīng
  
   kāng huáng zài zhèng zhì shàng gōng zhèng àn guó xíng shìzài yòng rén shàng rénrén wéi xiánbìng zhè xiē shì wéi shī zhèng zhōng yán shǒu de xìn tiáoyīn cóng wèi shēng guò yīn xùn qíng huò chū rén 'ér fǎn duì kāng huáng de shì jiànkāng huáng zhòng shì bìng yán xuǎn yōu xiù guān jiān men de xíng dòngzhè biǎo míng huáng shàng píng duì chén mín de rén 'ài zhī xīn wàidāng mǒu shěng shēng yán zhòng zāi huāng shícóng nèi xīn zhōng biǎo xiàn chū lái de cháng yōu zhī qíngchōng fèn shuō míng zuò wéi guó zhī zhù guó de qiáng liè rèn gǎn
  
   kāng huáng wèile liǎo jiě guó mín de shēng huó guān men de shī zhèng zhuàng kuàngshí cháng xún xìng shěngshì chá shíhuáng shàng yǔn bēi jiàn de gōng jiàng nóng jiē jìn bìng fēi cháng qīnqiè xiáng de tài duì dài menhuáng shàng wēn de wèn xúnshǐ duì fāng shèn wéi gǎn dòngkāng huáng jīng cháng xiàng bǎi xìng chū zhǒng wèn ér qiě dìng yào wèn dào men duì dāng zhèng guān shì fǒu mǎn zhè lèi wèn guǒ bǎi xìng qīng duì mǒu guān yuán mǎn jiù huì shī guān zhídàn shì mǒu guān yuán shòu dào bǎi xìng de zàn yángquè dìng jǐn jǐn yīn 'ér dào shēng
  
   rán 'ér kāng huáng què guò zhù de shēng huójiù zhù lái shuōlìng rén háo méi yòu shē chǐ làng fèi de gǎn juézhè bìng fēi yóu 'ài cái lìn suī rán qiú jié jiǎndàn duì yòng guó jiā de jīng fèi què bié kāng kǎizhǐ yào shì yòu guó jiāzào rén mín de shì shǐ zhī chū shù bǎi wàn liǎng de kuǎn cóng lìn zhè jiù shì zhōng de zhèngwèile xiū shàn guān shǔ wèile gǎi shàn rén mín shēng huó jìn shāng zhǎnér zhì liúyùn jiàn shè qiáo liángxiū zào chuán zhǐ lèi shìde shì jīng cháng chū kuǎnyóu nán kàn chūkāng huáng de shēng huówán quán shì yóu dǒng jié yuē de shì yóu wàng zuò wéi chén mín suǒ 'ài dài de jūn zhù guó suǒ wèiguó jiā de shí yào lěi cái 。”
  
   bái jìn zàikāng chuánduì kāng de mìqiè jiē chù jìn xíng liǎo huí shuō,“ huáng shàng qīn xiàng men chuí xún yòu guān yáng xué 'ōu guó de fēng chuán wén zhǒng wèn men zuì yuàn duì huáng shàng tán guān wáng hóng wěi de huà tóng yàng shuō kāng huáng zuì huān tīng de shì zhè huà zhè yàng láihuáng shàng jìng ràng men zuò zài zhì fàng zuò de tán shàngér qiě dìng yào zuò zài zuò de liǎng bàng shū chú huáng wài cóng wèi guò rèn rén。”
  
   bái jìn zàikāng chuánzhōng shuō,“ kěn dìng shuōzhè wèi huáng shì lái jūn lín tiān xià de zuì wán měi de yīng míng jūn zhù zhī cóng duō fāng miàn lái kàntādōu xià xiāng 。”
  
   zhù yào zhù zuò
  
  《 zhōng guó xiàn zhuàng》 (EtatprsentdelaChine), 1697 nián chū bǎn
  
  《 jīn jìng tiān jiàn》 (DeCultuCelestiSinarumVeterumetModernorum), 1707 nián jǐn yòu chāo běn
  
  《 kāng chuán》 (Portraithistoriquedel EmpereurdelaChine), 1697 nián chū bǎn。《 kāng chuánchú duì kāng de wén zhì gōng jiǎn yào shù wài duì pǐn xìng shēng huóàihào děng fāng miàn zuò liǎo xiáng jiè shàoyòu yīng dīng wén běnzhōng běn míngkāng huáng 》, hēi lóng jiāng rén mín chū bǎn shè gēn 1941 nián běn wén huà shēng huó chū bǎn shè chū bǎn de hòu téng xióng de běn chū, 1981 nián chū bǎn
  
  《 jīng 》 (IdeaGeneralisDoctrinaelibriYeKin)
  
  《 zhōng guó huáng shǐ huà xiàng》 (PotraitHistoriquedel'empéreurdelaChine) shì xiāng duì lái shuō tuō zhēng lùn de zuò pǐn sòng yáng de shì kāng huáng 'ér fēi huì shì qún xīng pěng dài de kǒng
  
  [《 mǎn hàn zhuāng zhōng de piàn ]
  
  《 mǎn hàn zhuāng zhōng de piàn
  
  《 xiàng xíng wén zhī zhì huì》 (SpecimenSapientiaeHieroglyphicae)
  
  《 zhōng guó xiàn zhuàng · mǎn hàn zhuāng shì bái jìn zuò wéi qīnchāi fǎn huí guó shí zhōng guó de mǎn hàn wén guān yuán guì men de zhuāng yàng huì chéng cǎo bìng cǎo zhì chéng gōng zhōng rén yuán de zhuāng tóng bǎn huàgòng 46 zhāngzhuāng chéng xiàn gěi 'ěr gōng jué rénzhè běn shū shuō shìzhōng guó xiàn zhuàng 》, shuō shìmǎn hàn zhuāng gèng wéi qiàdàngzuò zhě hái zài juàn shǒu jiè shào zhōng guó de zhèng zhì zhìshì yīn wéi xiǎng yào què zhèng dāng shí 'ōu zhōu suǒ xuān chuán dezhōng guó chū de zhèng zhì ”, bìng shì jiāng zhì jiè shào gěi de guó
  
  《 bái jìn shén běi jīng zhì guǎng dōng xíng


  Joachim Bouvet (July 18, 1656 - October 9, 1730) (Chinese: 白晋 or 白進, courtesy name: 明远) was a French Jesuit who worked in China, and the leading member of the Figurist movement.
  
  BiographyBorn at Le Mans, Joachim Bouvet became a philosophy student in 1676 at the Collège Royal Henry-Le-Grand in La Flèche. He came to China in 1687, as one of six Jesuits, the first group of French missionaries to China, sent by the French King Louis XIV of France, under Superior Jean de Fontaney.
  
  Before setting out for their destination, he and his associates were admitted to the French Academie des Sciences and were commissioned by that learned body to carry on astronomical observations, to determine the geographical positions of the various places they were to visit, and to collect various scientific data.
  
  The group, after being provided with all necessary scientific instruments, by order of the King, sailed from Brest, 3 March 1685, with Father Fontaney as Superior. After spending some time in Siam, they finally arrived in Peking, 7 February 1688. The Jesuits were well received by Emperor Kangxi. Bouvet and Jean-François Gerbillon stayed at Peking, teaching the emperor mathematics and astronomy.
  
  While engaged in this work, the two Jesuits wrote several mathematical treatises in the Manchu language which the emperor caused to be translated into Chinese, adding the prefaces himself. So far did they win his esteem and confidence that he gave a site within the Imperial City enclosure for a church and residence which were finally completed in 1702.
  
  Bouvet later served as the Chinese emperor's envoy to France, and returned to his home country in 1697 with instructions from the emperor to obtain new missionaries. Kangxi made him the bearer of a gift of forty-nine volumes in Chinese for the French king. These were deposited in the Royal Library, and Louis XIV, in turn, commissioned Father Bouvet to present to the emperor a magnificently bound collection of engravings. In 1699 Father Bouvet arrived in China for the second time, accompanied by ten missionaries among them Joseph Henri Marie de Prémare, Jean-Baptiste Régis, and Dominique Parrenin. Kangxi honored Bouvet further with the title of interpreter to his son, the heir-apparent.
  
  In 1700, with four of his fellow missionaries, Bouvet presented a memorial to the emperor, asking for a decision as to the meaning attached to the various ceremonies of the Chinese in honor of Confucius and their ancestors. The emperor, who had taken a keen interest in the controversy regarding the ceremonies, replied that they were simply civil usages, having no religious significance whatsoever. The memorial, together with the emperors reply, was published in the Peking Gazette but failed to allay the excitement then raging in Europe over the question.In 1706, Kangxi decided to send Bouvet to the Vatican to settle the Chinese Rites controversy, but took back his decision later.
  
  From 1708 to 1715, Bouvet and Jean-Baptiste Régis were engaged in a survey of the country and the preparation of maps of its various provinces.
  
  As a sinologist, Bouvet focused his research on I Ching. Trying to find a connection between the Chinese classics and the Bible, Bouvet came to the conclusion that the Chinese had known the whole truth of the Christian tradition in ancient times and that this truth could be found in the Chinese classics. Even though he had some of his texts published, none of Bouvet's more extreme Figurist texts were published until the mid-19th century. He died in Peking on October 9, 1730. His gravestone stele is on display at the Stone Carving Museum of Beijing (at the Five Pagoda Temple) together with the gravestone steles of Father Gerbillon, and Father Regis.
  
   Major worksEtat présent de la Chine, en figures gravées par P. Giffart sur les dessins apportés au roi par le P. J. Bouvet (Paris, 1697)
  
  Portrait historique de l'empereur de la Chine (Paris, 1697)
    

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