| 籍貫： | 湖南長沙 | ||||||||||
閱讀黃仁宇 Ray Huang在历史大观的作品!!! | |||||||||||
祖籍中國湖南長沙，後入美國國籍，著名歷史學家。
生平
黃仁宇一九一八年生於湖南長沙。天津南開大學肄業(一九三六～一九三八)，抗戰期間及戰後，曾擔任國軍下級軍官十年；自成都中央軍官校畢業後(一九四零)，任陸軍第十四師排長及代理連長。一九四三年加入駐印軍，任新一軍上尉參謀。一九四四年五月曾在緬甸密支那負傷，受頒陸海空軍一等奬章。抗戰結束，任第三方面及東北保安司令長官司令部少校參謀。一九四六年參加全國考試後，獲保送入美國陸軍參謀大學；畢業(一九四七)後曾任國防部參謀。一九五零年以中國駐日代表團少校團員的身份退伍。再度赴美國，於密歇根大學攻讀歷史，獲博士學位（一九六四）。曾在南伊利諾大學任教，一九六八～一九八零年任紐約州立大學NewPaltz分校教授，又曾任哥倫比亞大學訪問副教授及哈佛大學東亞研究所研究員。2000年1月8日病逝於紐約上州的醫院中，享年82歲。
學術
黃仁宇先生是史學界的異數，緻學於哈佛學派和劍橋學派之間。他的“將宏觀及放寬視野這一觀念導引到中國歷史研究裏去”從而高瞻遠矚地考察中國歷史的“大歷史” 觀，在史學界影響深遠。他的作品在不失史傢謹嚴之基本原則下，同時又能讓大衆願意去接受，使得瞭解歷史不再被識為畏途、不再是幾個歷史學家齋中之物。按現代大史傢錢穆先生之不知一國之史則不配作一國之國民以觀之，則黃仁宇先生之欲樹國民歷史性格功不可沒。從歷史觀點和著作風格來看，他繼承了錢穆先生的特點：作一個真正的平民學者。
主要著作
《十六世紀明代之財政與稅收》(英文版1974/中文版三聯2001)
《萬歷十五年》(英文版1981/中文版中華書局1982/三聯1997)
《放寬歷史的視界》(1988/三聯書店2001)
《中國大歷史》(英文1988/中文版三聯1997)
《赫遜河畔談中國歷史》(1989/中文版三聯1992)
《地北天南敘古今》(1991/三聯2001)
《資本主義與二十一世紀》(1991/三聯1997)
《從大歷史的角度讀蔣介石日記》(1993)
《近代中國的歷程》(1994)
《關係千萬重》(1998/三聯2001)
《黃河青山：黃仁宇回憶錄》(臺灣聯經出版公司2001)
曾參與《明代名人傳》及《劍橋中國史》的編寫。
黃先生的《萬歷十五年》一書受到廣泛好評。《赫遜河畔談中國歷史》中《孔子與孟子》一文入選高中語文課本。
評價
黃仁宇（1918年——2000年）似乎註定了是一個充滿傳奇色彩的人：他自十四、五歲起就開始嚮當地報紙投稿，寫作熱忱自此從未間斷，當時的《湖南日報》副刊，連續登載他寫的世界名人傳記，每篇都有他自己手描的人物畫像；18歲考上天津南開大學；抗戰開始，他投筆從戎；戰後負笈美國，以34歲的“高齡 ”從大學三年級讀起，先念新聞係，後轉至歷史係，1954年大學畢業，其後又在該校繼續上研究所，分別於1957年和1964年獲得碩士和博士學位；因多年沒有新著問世，在62歲時被紐約州立大學紐普茲分校從正教授的職位上解聘。具有戲劇性效果的是，在他被解聘後的第二年，他的屢屢碰壁的《萬歷十五年》由耶魯大學出版社印行，並由當時美國名作傢厄卜代剋（John Updike）在New Yorker雜志撰寫書評推薦，1982和1983年該書獲得美國國傢書捲奬（American BookAwards）歷史類好書兩次提名。翌年《萬歷十五年》中文版在北京出版……從此黃仁宇的著作一部接一部地出版，幾乎每本都受到熱烈追捧，作品普遍受到註目，從早期的英文論著，到後期的中文論著，都有不少學者撰寫書評評介，以致一時"黃書走紅"，有人開始籌辦"黃學研究會"，並申請創辦《黃學研究》學術叢刊。難怪有人感嘆在二十世紀最後十餘年間，一名華裔歷史學家、美國的退休教授，竟成為史學界在中國大陸影響最大、名聲最著的一人，也真算是一個"異數"。
而黃仁宇的死，也同樣具有傳奇色彩——2000年1月8日他在看電影時心髒病發辭世，而在去電影院的路上，他和夫人談話的主題就是身後事。黃仁宇含笑對夫人格爾說：“老年人身上有這麽多的病痛，最好是拋棄軀殼，離開塵世。”
衆所周知，黃仁宇的讀者群幾乎涵蓋各類職業，尤以受過高等教育的非歷史專業者為主。然而有趣的是，有人也不買他的賬，甚至說黃仁宇“是歷史學界的瓊瑤 ””正如耿立群先生在《黃仁宇研究資料目錄》一文指出的：黃仁宇在學術界卻是毀譽參半，褒貶互見，未能獲得一致的肯定，歷史學者或漢學家常質疑其半路出傢，學術著作不夠嚴謹；驟然處理數百年、上千年的大歷史架構，總讓歷史學者覺得過於冒險，將歷史解釋簡單化。
在此，編者將海峽兩岸學界內外評論黃仁宇先生的一些言論整理出來，讓讀者能多側面、多層次地去瞭解他。
今日在世的歷史學家，大概沒有一個人在進入學院大墻前積纍有那樣深厚的底層經歷，也沒有一個人能援引這些經歷為資源，在大墻內別開生面，創獲那樣多而且獨特的學術成果。
他（指黃仁宇）是在中國出了名的歷史學家當中，唯一一個進大學以前有過漫長的，非學院生涯、底層生涯的人士。而在進了大學以後，他沒有把進大學以前的記憶作為包袱，而是作為財富，點石成金，他的《我的大歷史觀》，他的《中國主要問題如何實現在數字化上的管理》等等，和他抗戰的時候做過步兵參謀，在雲南那種瘴氣密佈的叢林裏作戰，親眼見中國的西部是如何的荒僻，如何的落後，和北京、上海這些沿海孤島的現代化據點差距有多大的這些經歷都有關係。後來他把這些經歷帶到了他的劍橋生涯、耶魯生涯、哈佛生涯、點石成金，他才能寫出《萬歷十五年》、《赫遜河畔談歷史》、《我的大歷史觀》以及這本剛剛出版的《黃河青山》。
——朱學勤
那部被人很稱贊，至今在亞馬遜網上書店還列為普通讀者評定為"五星級"的黃仁宇《萬歷十五年》，其實英文名字就叫"1587A Year of No Significance"，意思是"1587年，一個沒有重要意義的年頭"，儘管我對這部書另有看法，但是這個名稱中寄寓的一種歷史觀念，我卻很贊成。
——葛兆光《續思想史的寫法》
在史學家們喋喋不休爭議這算不算學術著作的時候，讀者卻作了自己的選擇，而且不是文化層次低的，是作傢。如果對歷史有興趣的文化精英都不垂青國內的史學著作，那這些著作又給誰看?
“黃仁宇現象”實際上是對史學界的警示，學術研究應該走出狹小天地，從面嚮上層和少數精英到面嚮非專業化的讀者，實現為社會服務功能的轉化。
——劉志琴《黃仁宇現象》
"大歷史"觀的提出者、前不久剛剛去世的黃仁宇先生開創了一種新型的歷史隨筆，用清新俊朗的文字把謹嚴的學識和博通的史觀熔於一爐，遂使學術著作頓成大衆的精神美食。黃先生開篇說："萬歷十五年實為平平淡淡的一年。"惟其如此，纔不是業餘愛好者專註於"大事"的獵奇眼光，方能透過看似平靜的歷史海面，探詢傳統文化的大陸架如何突降為海床，辨析歷史劫波如何起於青萍之末。
——莊周《齊人物論》
正因為有這種積極的態度，所以，儘管作者的思索冷峻，敘述殘酷的歷史事件也不動聲色，但他的基本觀點是樂觀的。不過，他的樂觀，是歷史學家的樂觀，不是文人的樂觀。文人看歷史，往往滑入漁樵閑話：“古今多少事，都入笑談中。”今日的文藝娛樂作品，以“笑談”歷史為尚，正是文人的歷史觀與消費時代的嫁接。黃仁宇先生寫歷史用文學筆墨，但他仍是嚴肅的談歷史。
最值得深思的，是作者純粹以“私人學者”的身份鳥瞰歷史，不是在為某個團體“做項目”。他當然有時代的眼光，有所為而發；他也不寫通史，衹用顯微鏡分析歷史的剖面，有機地融合了正史和野史，讀黃先生的書，我再次確信：在學術領域，個人的聲音並不微弱！
——衛建民 《讀〈關係千萬重〉》
常言道：“他山之石，可以攻玉”，黃氏在美國歷史學界一直鬱鬱不得志，其代表作《萬歷十五年》出版時還頗費周折，以至他在晚年的《回憶錄》中還對此事憤憤不平，可誰曾想到，正是這本書在祖國大陸燒起了一片“野火”。
很顯然，黃氏作品之所以能迅速風靡大陸讀書界，而且二十幾年來長盛不衰，究其原因，與其文筆風格有密切關係。……他開創了一種新型的歷史隨筆，用清新俊朗的文字把謹嚴的學識和博通的史觀熔於一爐，遂使學術著作頓成大衆的精神美食。有人說，黃仁宇的文筆有一種“卡夫卡式的魔力”，這種魔力表現為敘事時特有的冷靜、剋製和精確。
——鄺海炎 《史學的“下裏巴人麯綫”——從黃仁宇到易中天》
黃先生的著述，以《萬歷十五年》成就最大。該書打破了學術與通俗的分界，以生動之筆演繹深刻之理，字裏行間充滿了微言大義，以超然獨到的眼光，典雅曉暢的手筆，由小見大，為中國歷史的研究和寫作開闢了一塊新天地。……黃先生的史學成就，不在於對具體史實的考訂，也不在於他所倡導的“大歷史觀”有多大的效力，而在於他對中國史實、甚至是司空見慣的史實所做的深刻、新穎的剖析和解釋。黃先生是當代中國學者中，罕見的具有見微知著、融會貫通的駕馭史料能力的 “通史”之才。他對中國的歷史進程所做的獨到思考，已經影響了並將繼續影響許多中國學人。
——方舟子 《悼念黃仁宇先生》
（黃仁宇的）書的好處之一是給人一種“歷史切身感”。這該是史書獨具的魅力吧，如果抽掉具體的、感性的東西，歷史將變成可疑的概念和符號，而人們之所以讀史，可不是為了聽一堆教條。
——賀兆田（社科院文學所）
考察黃仁宇的治史方法，不難發現，“從技術的角度看歷史，而不是從道德的角度檢討歷史”，這一點迥異於以儒傢傳統為中心的正史觀。而重歸納、重綜合、試圖從長時段看歷史的研究風格也不同於美國漢學界主流的“顯微鏡”眼光，倒是深得法國年鑒學派的營養。
事實上，黃仁宇的讀者群幾乎涵蓋各類職業，尤以受過高等教育的非歷史專業者為主。如果不從職業而由心性劃分的話，我們不妨藉用北大歷史係教授閻步剋博士閑談間的一種說法：無非兩種。一種是本來就愛好歷史的人，就象有人愛好武俠、有人愛好雜文；另一種是智者型的人，他們分佈在社會的各個層面。
——吳思、甘琦《 “黃仁宇旋風”風起何處？》
《萬歷十五年》在青年學人和相關學界所受歡迎程度，要遠比在歷史學界高得多，這說明歷史學界與相關學科及社會有很大的隔膜。……黃先生的成就在於，他確使人們註意到通常說法的另一面。
——趙世瑜《無可替代的黃仁宇》
黃仁宇的書並不是一般的歷史著作，也不衹是給學者專傢寫的，而是寫給大多數中國人看的，時代感特別強，因而能引起人們的共鳴，在中國的知識分子和改革者中，也擁有最多的讀者。
黃仁宇的經驗不但有中國的，也有西方的（如他對藉貸經營金融資本一套之瞭解，在大陸史學界無人可及）；在學術上也是如此。換了別人，年青時拿槍桿子或握鋤把子的經歷，又與他以後的專業何幹？黃仁字卻幾乎一點一滴都沒有“浪費”，所以他的著作讀來，讓人不禁心嚮往之可以說，黃仁宇是時代的産物，他通過自己的專業和歷史知識，把個體的人生發揮到了極緻，同時為我們留下一大筆精神財富。今後我們衹有不斷地回味他的教誨，並對他追憶。
——高王凌《黃仁宇放寬史學的視界》
黃仁宇把中國歷史從1587年即萬歷十五年橫切了一刀，這不僅使他獲得了全新的觀察角度，也使他獲得了全新的文字感覺。
——李方《給普通話寫作點穴》
李敖、汪榮祖合作出了一本評價蔣介石的書，書中有一句關於黃先生的書的介紹，大意是前國民黨下級軍官黃仁宇寫了一本關於蔣介石的書，為蔣介石辯護。淡淡一句話，就將黃先生的公正至於不可信的境地。這種紹興師爺的筆法雖然很毒，不值得提倡，但卻點出了問題的實質。
——劉偉《歷史需要蔣介石嗎？》
年輕的黃仁宇在抗日前綫恐怕還沒有想過將來要研究歷史，但他作為史傢的潛質在這些戰地通訊中已流露出來，他的業餘寫作當時被第一流的大報《大公報》看中，不是沒有原因的。他不僅有細緻的觀察力，而且有豐富的語言表達能力，即使在萬分緊張當中也能宕開一筆、從容着墨。
——傅國涌《黃仁宇在場的歷史記錄》
在我的片斷印象中，黃仁宇是一個保留着舊軍人不良習氣的性情中人———儘管他在史學上有不少建樹……黃仁宇對蔣介石的研究和評價，卻有失一個歷史學家所應具有的力求客觀、以事實說話的基本立場。……本文無意在此聲討蔣介石的罪過，旨在說明在對待蔣介石問題上，黃仁宇的確失之偏頗，有失一個歷史學家的基本風格。
歷史進退，黃仁宇自有心得；黃仁宇的得失，也自有後人評說。
——王春瑜《瑣憶黃仁宇》
就是在這樣的大毀大譽中，黃先生的學術春天燦爛登臨。一個簡單的邏輯是：毀譽越大，書的銷路越好。
一般說來，學者通常不大會成為公衆人物，除非他們有別樣的機緣。比如別開生面，比如別具一格，比如別出心裁，比如別樹一幟。而黃仁宇的公衆化，便正在於他同時扣住了文化與市場的脈搏並藉了毀譽參半的出場方式而“搞掂”。相對較深厚的文化底藴、相對較紮實而符合市場標準的亮相方式、相對強大的傳播機製、相對來說在公衆層面上喜聞樂見而在票友和專傢層面上充滿爭議的話語門徑，這四個條件同時具備下的某種機緣，可能成為文化人進入公衆視野的模版。次第牽連至今天的餘秋雨、易中天、於丹們，莫不如是。
黃先生對中國歷史的學術貢獻可能不足於讓其成為學界普遍認可的大師，可他的性格和創作狀態則足以使其在外國讀者、非專業讀者、迷戀於可讀性和新奇性的讀者中産生遠勝於專傢們的震撼力、影響力和布道效果。在史學同行中他更象一個作傢，在追求故事和史評的讀者群中他則更象一個思想者。無論是專業人士還是歷史愛好者都可以清楚地感受到他的一些似乎嚴重不成熟的觀念，可同樣是這群人又不得不驚異於他的巨大市場。一個讓專傢們羨慕有寵大的讀者群、讓讀者們欽佩有足夠見識的人物，難怪會在漫天的毀譽中成為一個新學科的研究對象：那個新學科叫作“黃學”，而那個學科的書被戲稱為“黃書”。
略嫌浮躁的信息時代的到來呼喚着一種既有“板凳坐得十年冷，文章不寫半句空”的飽學之氣又能迎合讀者、以足夠“好看”的供給創造讀者需要的人。讀者們期待新奇、新知和新穎的知識的各項要求，往往不是從那些極專業、極高深的專傢們身上獲得的——他們的創新有時衹適合在一個很小的圈子內流通在則不適合廣大的散漫讀友。於是，一些學術能力並不是超前但卻具有超強的歸納能力、綜合能力、學術成果通俗化本領、超強的文字親和力的“作傢”，便成為中下層、非專業、愛好型讀者們的首選。黃仁宇就是這樣的人。
雖然免不去“不倫不類”的印象，黃仁宇依舊是一個不可多得的文化人物。
——筆公 《黃仁宇：一個“不倫不類”的歷史學家》
《萬歷十五年》的走紅還有深層的原因，那就是黃仁宇所謂的“大歷史觀”在發揮作用。它實在是一個純粹的學術問題，數十年間在史學界掀起陣陣波瀾；但是它能在當下掀起大衆閱讀的狂潮，那就不得不佩服黃先生的才智與膽識了。讀他的書，在“淺閱讀”的層面上，我也常常激動不已。我好說黃先生是“三反分子”，其一是“反道德”，他認為中國失敗與落後的結癥正是“道德治國”；尤其是用道德代替技術與法律，那是很危險的事情。他認為，應當最大程度地將道德排除出歷史討論的範疇，在看待歷史時，應當考慮當事人能怎麽做，而不是應該怎麽做，道德評判並非史傢的責任。其二是“反性善”，黃仁宇藉萬歷皇帝的“嘴”指出，人都一樣，一身而兼陰、陽兩重性。既有道德倫理的“陽”，就有私心貪“陰”，這種“陰”也絶非人世間的力量所能加以消滅。其三是“反歷史”，黃仁宇既然有了 “大歷史觀”的武器，就要評判以往的“小歷史”。他提倡在歷史的棋局上，應當從縱深去看問題，一匹馬被車吃掉，直接原因，或許是因為它被別住了腿；然而馬之所以被車吃掉，乃是從棋局開始雙方對弈之綜合結果。你不覺得這種“把一切事件的發生，均納入歷史的潮流”的作法，似乎帶着一些歷史决定論的痕跡嗎？
——俞曉群《黃仁宇：讓遊子的孤魂，牽着親人的衣襟歸來》
黃仁宇的史觀實為勝者為王的史觀，完全以近代的“大結局”作為判斷過去歷史正確與否的根據：在近代成功的文明，就證明其古代歷史是合理的、正確的；在近代失敗的文明，就證明其古代歷史是荒謬的、錯誤的。
《十六世紀明代中國之財政與稅收》自有專業價值，《萬歷十五年》的寫法創新也不容抹殺，但其他著作所論對象雖異，卻幾乎都是大歷史觀註腳，局部或有所見，大體仍屬不經，真正的史學價值甚微。黃著最大的意義，我以為在於給讀史者（尤其是初學者）提供一種異乎尋常的歷史感，其歷史比較出入古今、打通中外，並融入個人的歷史經驗，實足以引人入勝，從此角度而言，可以說他是歷史學的餘秋雨。不過余氏衹是散文作傢，其錯誤多屬局部的史實方面，而黃氏卻以史學家的身份出臺，其錯誤又屬總體的史觀方面，因此纔不能以文學家標准將他輕輕放過。
從純學術的角度，他對歷史學及相關社會科學的知識準備仍較欠缺，對歷史的體認往往先入為主，其史學實有嚴重欠缺，他不為美國主流學界接納亦可以說事出有因。據說臺灣史界對他也並不認同，大陸對他浮泛的頌揚雖多，但似多出自一般讀書界而非專業史學界（據我所見，衹有徐友漁、朱學勤先生寫過較深入的批評文字）。我有一點懷疑，黃氏著作的流行，是不是也因為他的歷史目的論提供了一種填補歷史决定論（歷史唯物主義）空缺的學術替代品？大傢是多麽需要一種凡事都可解釋的華麗歷史觀啊。
——鬍文輝（鬍一刀）《局部或有所見，大體仍屬不經——黃仁宇大歷史觀批判》
他以敘事史學的手法，在學院的歷史書寫主流之外，為我們鋪陳了一條探究歷史的可能道路，而這也是當前中文歷史書寫裏最為欠缺的。
這部著作的主要特色之一在於，通過書中這類維妙維肖的勾勒，黃氏為讀者創造了一個虛擬的“歷史現場”，讓讀者好似直接目擊事情發生的過程，且又得以窺見這些歷史人物的內心世界；這種樂趣通常是閱讀小說時纔會獲得的。英文版《萬歷十五年》的兩則封底書評，頗值玩味。一是 David Lattimore 的看法，他認為該書“不凡而又富有思想。……懷着詩人或小說傢的喜悅，將尋常的末端小節轉變為揭示其意義閃現的觀點喜悅，將尋常的末端小節轉變為揭示其意義閃現的觀點。”另一則是美國著名小說傢 John Updike 的評論，他指出：”儘管深富歷史學識，然而《萬歷十五年》卻也具備着卡夫卡（Kafka）的優美而又令人頓挫之故事《中國萬裏長城築成之時》（The Great Wall of China）的超現實的虛構特質。”
黃氏是把分析的工作放在一個敘事的架構裏，而且在個人見解與文字表述、敘事與分析之間，並沒有任何的斷裂。遺憾的是，在大部分的職業史傢的作品裏（中文世界尤然），這類斷裂的現象極其明顯，因為多數的歷史學者已不再“說故事”了。
——（臺灣）江政寬《歷史、虛構與敘事論述：論黃仁宇的<萬歷十五年>》
黃仁宇先生自闢了一套名之曰“大歷史”（Macro-History）的史觀派史學，在八○年代後半期的臺灣史學界投下一塊巨石，激蕩出陣陣回響。
或許，稱呼先生為創作傢，要允當得多。他不在乎理論體係是否周密，不在乎遣詞用字是否為同儕所認可，他真正致力的，是理念與想法的普及傳布。在生命經驗的參佐下，允許讀者以最淺白直接的影像，去掌握資本主義最精淬的內涵，然後回到二十世紀前半葉的中國史中，證成包含作者本人在內的集體記憶。誰說先生不是一名嚴謹的史學家﹖對先生來說，走出象牙塔，進入人群，將半生的思考與同他一起走過那個時代的人共享，纔是他最終心願。他何必在乎學術界對他的評價﹖作為一名廣義的創作者，他在世紀末的臺灣有過的影響力，遠遠超出許多嚴謹史學家們的想象之外。
——（臺灣）李福鐘《黃仁宇和他的大歷史》
細繹本段文字的脈絡，黃先生所謂的“真知卓見”，並不衹限於他倡議的“大歷史觀”與“數目字管理”概念，而是對所有史學研究者的一種高度期許。然而，這段文字最令我印象深刻的，仍是黃先生賦予史學“經世致用”的關懷與憂心：“我們若再猶疑，則以後所著書，恐怕全沒有人看了”。
檢討這段歷史，黃先生多次強調，要跳脫人物臧否與評價的“道德”層面，而“從技術上的角度看歷史”。至此，“數目字管理”與“大歷史觀”也就成為黃先生史學精華的一體之兩面。
——（臺灣）邱澎生 《審視明清中國市場與政府關係的演變》
黃仁宇大歷史的角度觀照下，歷史上非事件性的因素受到重視。相形之下，歷史上的人，均不免變成了某種程度的常人。
甚至我們可以說，在李尉昂的小說裏，背景纔是主角。
——（臺灣）張惠菁《當小說成了清明上河圖──歷史學家黃仁宇與小說傢李尉昂》
黃仁宇的故事講得越精采，歷史的諷刺味就越濃。反之，傳統組織越是致命，黃仁宇就獲得越多的空間，越能精細刻畫這些人物的特質與長處；而讀者也越能領略中國社會的集體悲劇經驗。努力、道德、天才都被命運，也就是現代化社會的缺席所嘲弄。在中國傳統社會裏，吃人的不是魯迅所說的禮教，而是管理能力。
清末的中體西用說是為“西化”論起了個張本，而黃仁宇的西體中用說，則是現代化論與歷史目的論下的調和之說。
——（臺灣）陳正國《當東方遇見西方：黃仁宇的現代化論述與西方歷史》
對於黃仁宇而言，“大歷史”式的探討，最後甚至已經接近了神學的領域：“大凡將人類歷史從長時間遠視界的立場檢討，不期而然會在思量想象之中接近神學的領域”
——（臺灣）劉季倫《 “大歷史”下的個人》
先生的“善意”讀評則稱其“有時未免作了太過印象化的概括，讀來竟像是一個外國人在描寫中國，不過，這種寫法也使得黃先生的文學和敘述有一種異於傳統通史教科書的新鮮感”。與讀者們經常感覺到的“大歷史”那樣，王先生說黃書“以問題為綱領切取中國歷史”
——（臺灣）王煩森
“我讀黃先生書，輒為其缺乏中國思想、文學、藝術等之常識所驚”，“黃先生的史學和史識是根本不能涉入任何關於哲學與文學領域中的”，“技僅止此，便欲縱論上下古今，可乎？”
——（臺灣）龔鵬程教授
Life
Huang was born in 1918 in Changsha, Hunan. Graduated from Nankai University in Tianjin (1936 ~ 1938), War and the post-war period, junior officers have worried Ren Guojun years; from Chengdu Central Military Academy graduate (1940), Marshall became the 14th platoon leader and deputy division commander. In 1943 joined the army stationed in India to the new captain of a military staff. May 1944 Myitkyina in Myanmar, was wounded by the first prize award of the Armed Forces Chapter. End of the war, the security of any third side and the commander of the Northeast Command, Major General Staff. In 1946 to participate in the national examination, be sent into the U.S. Army and General Staff College; graduate (1947) Ministry of Defence after the former chief of staff. In 1950 the Chinese Mission to the Chinese members of the identity of ex-Major. Again to the United States, studying history at the University of Michigan, Ph.D. (1964). Southern Illinois University, has taught, 1968 ~ 1980 appointed professor of New York State University NewPaltz campus, but also served as Visiting Associate Professor at Columbia University and Harvard University researcher at the Institute of East Asia. January 8, 2000 died at a hospital in upstate New York in the age of 82.
Academic
Major work
"Sixteenth-century Ming Dynasty on the financial and taxation" (1974 English / Chinese triple 2001)
"Wanli 15 years" (English 1981 / Chinese Zhonghua 1982 / triple 1997)
"Relax the horizon of history" (1988 / Joint Publishing 2001)
"China History" (1988, English / Chinese triple 1997)
"Hudson River on the history of China" (1989 / Chinese triple 1992)
"Syria south to north-day Ancient and Modern" (1991 / triple 2001)
"Capitalism and the twenty-first century" (1991 / triple 1997)
"From the perspective of great historical reading of Chiang Kai-shek Diaries" (1993)
"Modern Chinese History" (1994)
"Relations must re" (1998 / triple 2001)
"The Yellow River, Castle Peak: Huang Memoirs" (Taiwan, Linking Publishing Company 2001)
Participated in "nominee Biography" and "Cambridge History of China" in preparation.
Mr Wong's "Wanli 15 years," a book widely praised. "Hudson River of Chinese history", "Confucius and Mencius," the article selected for high school language textbooks.
Evaluate
Huang (1918 - 2000) seemed destined to be a legendary: he from the 14, the age of five began contributor to the local newspaper, write passion never stopped since then, "Hunan Daily" supplement continuously published in the world he has written celebrity biographies, each has his own hand-drawn character portraits; 18-year-old was admitted to Nankai University in Tianjin; war began, he Pen for the Sword; war stay in the United States, 34-year-old "old age" from third year of Reading, the first to study journalism department, later transferred to the Department of History, graduated in 1954, and later in the school to continue to graduate, respectively, in 1957 and received master's and doctoral degrees in 1964; for many years no new the advent of the age of 62 by New York State University, Professor Niu Puzi campus positions from being fired. Dramatic effect, in the second after he was dismissed, his repeated failures, "Wanli fifteen years" by Yale University Press published by when the U.S. writer Ebo Dyke (John Updike) at New Yorker magazine to write book reviews recommendation, in 1982 and 1983 the book received the National Book Award (American BookAwards) twice nominated for History books. The following year, "Wanli 15 years" published in Beijing, the Chinese version of Huang's work...... from a pick one to publish, are subject to almost every hot pursuit of this, work in general by the attention, from the early English treatise, to the Chinese of the late, many scholars have written book reviews Review, which temporarily "yellow book became popular," people began to organize the "yellow Research Society", and for founding the "yellow Studies" Academic Series. No wonder some people lamented in the last ten years of the twentieth century, a Chinese American historian and retired professor of the United States, historians have become the greatest influence in China, most famous one-man reputation, but also really be a "different number."
And Huang's death, also has the legendary Color - January 8, 2000 when he suffered a heart attack in the movies died on the way in to the cinema, he and his wife, the topic of conversation is the funeral. Huang smile on Mrs. Younger said: "The older people have so many ailments, it is best discarded body, left the earth."
As we all know, Huang readers covering almost all kinds of occupations, especially highly educated professionals, most of whom are not historical. Interestingly, however, is that some people do not buy his account, even said Huang, "is the Historians Qiong Yao" "As Mr. Geng Liqun," Huang of data directory "points out that: the Huang has been mixed in the academic community, Opinion has, certainly not be the same, historians or scholar often questioned their mid-life switch is not stringent enough academic work; suddenly dealing with hundreds, thousands of great history, architecture, history scholars think it is too general to take risks, to simplify interpretation of history.
In this, the cross-strait academic editors will comment on Mr. Huang Renyu external sort out some of the comments, so readers can have more side, multi-level to get to know him.
Today, living historians, was probably not a person to enter college in the accumulation of a large wall as the bottom of a deep experience, and no one could invoke these experiences as a resource, a large wall in the new to be as much innovation and unique academic achievements.
- Zhu Xueqin
That department was very much praised, so far as the Amazon online bookstore also assessed the average reader as a "five star" Ray Huang, "Wanli 15 years", in fact, English is called "1587A Year of No Significance", meaning " In 1587, a year of no significance ", though I have a different view on this book, but the name Jiyu's a historical concept, I really agree.
- Leaving "continued the drafting history of ideas"
Historians have endlessly controversial regarded academic works this time, readers have made their choice, and not a low cultural level, a writer. If you are interested in the cultural history of the elite is not favored domestic historical works, then who gave these books to see?
"Ray Huang phenomenon" is actually a history of academic warning, academic research should be out of the narrow world, from the upper face and a few elite-oriented non-specialized readers to realize the transformation of social services.
- Liu Zhiqin "Huang phenomenon"
"Great history" concept author, shortly before the death of Mr. Huang Renyu just created a new historical essay, with fresh handsome words to precisely in Broadcom's history knowledge and melt in the furnace of tension, the academic work becomes a the public spirit of the cuisine. Huang opening said: "The Wanli 15 years actually nothing exciting year." Influenced by this, not the amateur to focus on "big issue" Searching for a vision, can only through the history of the sea appears calm, inquiring culture the continental shelf to plunge to the seabed, analysis how historical calamities, the end of play on the Qingping.
- Zhuang "Let's figure of"
Because there is such a positive attitude, so, despite the author's thought cold and cruel historical events described are quietly, but his basic view is optimistic. However, his optimism, is a historian's optimism, not the author's optimism. Scholars look at history, often slip into fishing Qiao gossip: "How many things past and present, are into jokes." Literary entertainment today works to "joke" of history as yet, is the author's history of graft and consumption times. Mr. Huang Renyu literature ink used to write history, but he remains a serious talk about history.
Most worthy of careful consideration, is the author of a purely "private scholar" status bird's eye view of history, not as a group "to do the project." He certainly has the eyes of the times, there is the hair; he did not write general history, with only microscopic analysis of the history section, organic blend of official history and unofficial history, reading Mr. Huang's book, I was reassured: the academic, personal the voice is not weak!
- Wei Jian-Min "Reading" relationship must re> "
As the saying goes: "Stones from other hills may serve to polish jade," Huang scholars in American history has been dismal unsuccessful, his masterpiece, "Wanli 15 years" published Shihai struggle to find, even in his old age "memoirs" are also indignant on the matter, but who would have thought that this book is the one on the mainland Shaoqi, "Wild Fire."
Clearly, Wong is able to work quickly swept the continent to study circles, and the enduring twenty years, The reason is closely related to their writing style....... He created a new historical essay, handsome with a fresh text to careful and precise knowledge and Broadcom's history are melted in a furnace of tension, the academic work becomes a public spirit of the cuisine. It is said that Huang's pen has a "Kafka-like magic," when this magic show is unique narrative calm, restraint and precision.
- Mr Kwong Hoi-yan, "History of the" low class curve "- from Huang to Yi Zhongtian"
- Fang "mourn Mr. Huang Renyu"
(Huang's) One of the advantages of giving the book a "vital sense of history." This is the history books of the unique charm of it, if deprived of the concrete, sensuous things, history will become suspicious of the concepts and symbols, and why people read history, not in order to listen to a bunch of dogma.
- He Zhaotian (by the Academy of Social Sciences Literature)
Huang's method of study of History, not difficult to find, "from a technical point of view of history, not from a moral point of view the review history," This is quite different from the Confucian tradition as the center of the history. The re-induction, re-integrated, long time trying to look at the history of style is also different from the mainstream of American Sinology, "microscope" view, it touches won the French Annales school of nutrition.
In fact, Huang's readers, covering almost all kinds of occupations, especially highly educated professionals, most of whom are not historical. If not from the occupation by the cardiac division, we might borrow a history professor at Peking University Yan step Sadik, a chat room saying: no more than two. One is already history-loving people, just as it was martial arts-loving, people loving essay; the other is the wise man type of people who found in all levels of society.
- Richard Wu, Qi Gan, "" Ray Huang Cyclone, "the wind from where? "
"Wanli 15 years" in the youth school and the popularity of the scholars related to much higher than in the history of academia, which shows the history and related disciplines and the academic community has a great divide....... Huang's achievement is that he really draws attention to the other side often say.
- The studies of "irreplaceable Ray Huang"
Huang's book is not an ordinary in the history books, not just to scholars and experts to write, but for writers, most Chinese people read, the sense of the times particularly strong, was able resonates, and the reformers in China's Zhishifenzi, also has the largest number of readers.
Huang's experience in not only China, but also the West (such as lending his understanding of operating a financial capital, no one in China and historians); in academic as well. For the others, young, holding the gun or grip hoe handle the experience, but also with his future professional ware? Huang did not bit by bit almost word "waste", so reading his book, people can not help but yearn for can be said that Huang is a product of the times through his professional and historical knowledge, the individual's life to play extreme, and also left us with a lot of spiritual wealth. We have to keep pondering the future of his teachings, and his recall.
- High-Ling Wang, "Huang relax History Vision"
His Contribution to the history of China from 1587 that cross-section of the knife Wanli 15 years, which not only made him get a new observation point, also made him get a new sense of the text.
- Li Fang "to the Mandarin writing acupuncture"
Li Ao, Wang Rongzu cooperation out an evaluation of Chiang Kai-shek's book, the book has an introduction to the book on Mr. Huang, a junior officer to the effect that former KMT Huang wrote a book on the Chiang Kai-shek, in order to defend Chiang Kai-shek. Light sentence, it will be Wong's fair As credible position. Successful Association of strokes that are poisonous though, not to be encouraged, but the real point of the problem.
- Liu Wei "History you need to Chiang Kai-shek? "
Huang young anti-Japanese front in the future, probably have not thought to study history, but historians of his potential as a communication in the field have been showing these years, his writing was then a first-class amateur newspaper "Ta Kung Pao," fancy, not without reasons. He not only careful observation, and is rich in language ability, even in the extreme tension which can open a dawdle, calmly dwell.
- Fu Kuo-Chung "Huang presence of history"
In my piece the impression that Huang was a soldier to retain the old bad habits of Xingqingzhongren --- despite his many achievements in historiography...... Huang's research and evaluation of the Chiang Kai-shek, but concede a historian should have sought an objective, fact-speaking basic position....... This article do not wish to denounce the sins Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Kai-shek to explain the issue in the treatment, Huang indeed biased disgrace to the basic style of a historian.
History of advance and retreat, Huang's own experience; Huang gains and losses, but also their own criticisms of later generations.
- Wang Chunyu "Huang Memories"
Is in such a great reputation in the big crash, Mr. Huang brilliant academic spring boarding. A simple logic is: the greater the praise or blame, the better the book sales.
Although not free, "nondescript" impression, Huang is still a rare cultural figures.
- Document the public, "Ray Huang: a" nondescript "historian"
"Wanli 15 years" there is deep popular reason is that Huang called "big history" in the role. It is a purely academic question, few decades historians ripples; but it can set off the current wave of public reading, it would have to admire the intelligence and courage of Mr. Huang. Reading his book, the "light reading" level, I am often excited. I am easy to say Mr. Huang is a "three-anti-elements", one is "anti-moral," he says failed and backward China is the crux of the "moral rule"; in particular, instead of using technical and legal ethics, it is a very dangerous thing. He Ren Wei, should be to maximize possible moral excluded from the scope of the Discussion of History, in the view history, should consider how parties can do, not how to do it should be, moral evaluation Bingfei historian's responsibility. The second is the "anti-good nature," and Huang Wanli emperor by the "mouth" that people are the same, a while and Yin and Yang duality. Both moral ethics, "Yang", there selfish greed "Yin" and that the "Yin" is also the power on earth can not be eliminated. The third is "anti-history" and Huang as have a "big history" of the weapons, we must judge the past, "small history." He advocated the chess game in history, and should be depth look at the problem from a horse eaten by a car, direct, perhaps because it is another to live in the leg; However, the reason why horses eaten by a car, but starting from the chess game both the consolidated results of games. Do not you think this "to all events are included in the tide of history" approach, it seems that a number of historical determinism with traces of it?
- Yu Xiao group "Huang: Let wandering of souls, holding back the skirt of their loved ones"
Huang's view of history, real history for the winner-takes, completely modern "ending" as the right to judge whether or not the basis of past history: in the success of modern civilization, its ancient history to prove that it is reasonable and correct; failure in modern civilization, to prove that ancient history is absurd, wrong.
- Hu Wenhui (Hu Yidao) "partial or see, is still largely without - great history Huang Critical"
His narrative history approach, in the College outside the mainstream of historical writing, as we lay out a road exploring the possibility of history, which is currently written in Chinese history, the most lacking.
Huang is working on the analysis of the structure of a narrative, the text and in personal opinion and expression, between narrative and analysis, and there is no fracture. Unfortunately, most of the works of professional historians (in Chinese natural world in particular), this type of fracture is extremely significant, because most historians are no longer "story" of the.
- (Taiwan) Jiang, Masahiro "History, fiction and narrative discourse: On Huang's"
Mr. Huang Renyu from the provision of a name, called "Big History" (Macro-History) The history school history, in eight ○ half of Taiwan's historians to cast a stone, the stimulation bursts of feedback.
- (Taiwan) Alan Li Zhong, "Huang and his great history"
Interpretation of this paragraph of fine thread, Mr. Huang so-called "insights" are not confined to his initiative a "great history" and "the figure of management" concept, but a researcher of all history high hopes. However, this text I was most impressed, and still is to give Wong history "Practical" care and concern: "if we give the hesitation, the future's writings, I am afraid there are not many people saw it."
Review of this history, Mr. Huang repeatedly stressed the need to escape characters characterize and evaluate the "moral" level, while "From a technical point of view of history." At this point, "the figure of Management" and "big history" has become the essence of one of history Huang sides.
- (Taiwan) Peng Qiu students "examine the relationship between the Ming and Qing China and the Government of evolution"
Huang great historical perspective, the historical event of the factors of non-attention. In contrast, the history of the people, are inevitably a degree of ordinary people into.
Even we can say that Wei Ang Lee's novel, the background is the main character.
- (Taiwan) Chang Hui-ching "when the book has become the Qingming Festival ─ ─ historian and novelist, Huang Wei-Ang Lee"
Huang's story speaks more exciting, more concentrated flavor irony of history. On the contrary, the more deadly the traditional organization, Huang to get more space, the more precise characterization of these characters traits and strengths; and the more readers can enjoy the experience of Chinese society, the collective tragedy. Effort, ethics, have been the fate of genius, which is ridiculed by the absence of modern society. In traditional Chinese society, eating is not the propriety of Lu Xun said, but management capabilities.
Qing Dynasty Chinese and the West but is a "Westernized" one sheets from the present, but Huang said the Western system in China, is a modern and historical teleology of harmonic under the said.
- (Taiwan) Chen Zhengguo "When East Meets West: Huang discussed the modernization of Western History"
For Huang, the "big history" style of, and even close to the areas of theology: "Generally the far horizon of human history from the time the position of the review, however unexpected imagination would consider close to the field of theology "
- (Taiwan) Chi-Lun Liu, "" great history "under the individual"
President of the "good" reading assessment claimed that its "sometimes a bit too much made of the general impression, reading feverish description of China as a foreigner, however, such an approach makes Wong's literature and narrative have a different History textbooks in the traditional fresh. " And readers have often felt "great history", as Mr. Wang said the Yellow Book "to the problem of Chinese history was cut for the program"
- (Taiwan) Wang trouble Sen
"I read the book Mr. Huang, Zhe for their lack of Chinese thought, literature and art of the knowledge of the shock," "Mr. Huang's history and the history of knowledge is simply not involved in any area of philosophy and literature," and "technology only only this, Bian Yu Toward lower, old, I am? "
- (Taiwan) Professor Gong Pengcheng