Misunderstanding about the name: Dove Cat is the name, even a name. Cat has not translated its name Dove, if translated, would to children, name of child, the boys of the child. Even its name, is somewhat of a character, should be called even the woman, Kumarajiva woman. What woman has not been translated, if translation of it, to be translated into Longevity, longevity of the Longevity, the full name of the child life. Now we drift, Huhututu, said the elders have the virtue of his childhood, called child life, there is no such reason. In fact, children are his last name, his name Jiaoa Shou.
Later Qin Jin Dynasty monk. And the true meaning (499-569), Xuanzang (602 ~ 664), and called the three translators of Chinese Buddhism. Another said there was Yi Jing (700-711) (also said to not empty (743-774)) and the four major translation division.
State wise son ◎ ◎ Kucha
Kumarajiva father Dove Cat inflammation, Tianzhu people, prominent family background, for generations with his father Dove Moda more suave no group, well known. Pigeon Mosque inflammation genius and a high section, the following phase should be heir, but his decline is not only not to, and resolutely monks. Then east to the Kucha degree Conglingxi States, Kucha king is admired his high moral, then meet in person to the suburbs, and hiring of teachers for the country.
Kumarajiva's mother, is pure white sister Kucha Wang Qi Po, the intelligence was high, can not forget to look over them and Jie Wu Miao-yi. The body Hongzhi, according to fortune tellers and the law is precisely the feature will be blessed with children. China have reached the two-decade, despite competing national dignitaries propose marriage, but she refused to agree. See Dove Cat inflammation until a very cordial, determined to marry him.
When Kumarajiva's mother was pregnant, regardless of memory or understanding, have doubled in the past, even without a teacher Tianzhu language, and everyone was very surprised. One 阿罗汉达摩 Qu Sha said: "This phenomenon must be cherished wisdom of children. Sariputra in the womb, the mother wisdom, often times, is the precedent." Kumarajiva until birth, his mother would Tianzhu suddenly forget English.
Soon, the mother wants to become a monk Kumarajiva, but the husband does not allow, and later gave birth to a boy, Mingjiaofusha divas. When she was out of the city tour, see the neglected cemetery between the skeletons scattered everywhere, so deep is the suffering of the body color contemplate on oath to a monk. But her husband insisted on not promise Dove Cat inflammation, and she hunger strike, after six days, energy failure, life if hanging wire. Her husband, had reluctantly agreed. But she was not hair before, and resolutely refuse to eat any food, was instantly ordered to shave the hair, before consumption. The next day, formally ordained, and then attend meditation, specialization hard, finally achieved the Sotāpanna early fruit.
At that time, Kumarajiva seven years old, has followed her mother with a monk. Kumarajiva follow a teacher by day, thousands of verse recitation, Yi Ji has 30 words, a total of 32 000 words, so memorize the complete "A border Tan Jing", the teacher explained to Kumarajiva Sutra, did not expect Kumarajiva already own familiar Miao Di, do not have to step guide.
◎ ◎ participating school Honghua Bodhisattva
When Kumarajiva 12 years old, mother to bring him back to Kucha country. Kumarajiva of Takana far and wide, many countries competing to hiring him, but are in no way tempted Kumarajiva. At that time, Roche's mother led him to the Rouzhi Kitayama, an Arhat see Kumarajiva, very surprised mother told Roche: "It should be guardian of the young novices often, if he comes to the 30-year-old not violate the precepts, it will be Buddhism, Tai Hing, degree of countless sentient beings. "
They soon mother and son to the Da Shale country Kumarajiva young age, even easy to bowl on the head Buddha. At the moment, he was thinking to myself to myself: "Buddha's body is very large bowl, why so light it?" Have this idea and immediately felt the weight of the Buddha bowl too much, not enough effort, unknowingly missed the Buddha bowl immediately fall off. His mother asked what reason, he replied: "baby's heart are different attachments, so the difference between the severity of the Buddha bowl there."
Kumarajiva follow her mother, participating in various school and Honghua, heights not only in the Buddhist context, but also renowned the world over.
Kucha king personally to Wensu country, and inviting the mother to return Kumarajiva enlightenment. Kucha country of origin Theravada teachings, Mahayana method feast Kumarajiva wide open, aware of are all working joy of praise, and great sense of Xiangfenghenwan. At this point, Kumarajiva positive 2-year-old, then ordained in the palace, from the base Mara fork in the "Ten recite law."
Soon, the mother of commitment to Tianzhu Kumarajiva practice. She said goodbye to Kucha Wang said: "Your fortune will soon decline." She went by myself to Tianzhu, brave refined, evidence may Anāgāmi three fruit.
When she wants to Tianzhu, it had on Kumarajiva said: "The profound teachings of Mahayana other side, to spread to the eastern territories (China), all have to rely on your strength. But this great thing for you concerned, has not the slightest interest, to how to do? "
R. Kahn replied: "Mahayana Bodhisattva way, to the interests of others and forget themselves. If I can make the Buddha's enlightenment spread, so murky beings wake up, although I will be soup wok stove sufferings, I have not the slightest resentment. "
◎ ◎ Mahayana Theravada each other division
Kumarajiva remain in Kucha country, and soon, the old rooms in the temple found that "shine through." He started studying this topic, by volume, suddenly saw a blank wooden dispatch, which he knows is secretly evil mischief, and even stronger determination to chant. So magic failure, writing texts emerge immediately, he will read to learn "shine through."
But I heard the air coming: "You are intelligent people, how need to read" shine through "mean?"
R. Kahn said: "You are a little devil, should quickly leave! My mind, like the earth was not the slightest turn."
Kumarajiva in Kucha States, and recite by many Mahayana theory of two years time, has been able to Mahayana teachings accessible mystery.
Kucha Wang Kumarajiva construction sub-division gold seat, covered with beautiful mattress sitting to introduce the statement Kumarajiva enthroned. But Kumarajiva said: "I master in fishnet guest country not understanding the meaning of the Mahayana's wonderful, I want to go to his explanation, so I can not stay long here."
Soon the master pan head up Kumarajiva many travel long distances to Kucha country.
Kucha king set up multi-head: "Why did you come from far away country?"
Pan head up to say: "one to hear my disciples Kumarajiva a remarkable understanding the second to hear King strongly promote Buddhism, so braved the arduous trek mountains, made a special trip came to your country."
Kumarajiva come to hear the news of the master, is to hi tax was finally able to realize the aspirations of the original.
Kumarajiva first to say that the Master "by the German woman asked," because former teacher and student were not sure of the cause through the air, false logic. So, first espoused in this by, for the broken fan enlightenment.
Kumarajiva pan head up to ask: "Do you advocate the Mahayana scriptures, it has been wonderful to see what justice?"
R. Kahn replied: "The reason more profound Mahayana, to clarify my empty, empty of real space law meaning; Theravada biased partial truth, there are many missing."
Pan head up to say: "Do you think defeat for all the law, very scary ah! That there is a method which renunciation『 『empty upholding justice and loving it? Once there was a mad man, ordered the finest weaving artisans Zaochu cotton yarn, woven Carpenter who ingenuity, deliberately weave like a dust-like filaments. madman also dislike its strong coarse, woven Carpenter rage, he pointed to the air, said:, This is the finest cotton yarn! 』Madman puzzled and asked: 『Why do I not see it?』 organization Carpenter said:, This cotton silk, very careful, as I have such a good organization Carpenter can not see, let alone others? 』crazy extreme joy to hear, they pay money to organizations Carpenter. What you have space law, as it is the same story. "
Kumarajiva well-meaning, even the class of metaphor and packing the Mahayana Miao-yi, the debate between more than one month between master and apprentice, and finally persuaded the pan head up more.
Pan head up more praise and said: "Master not accessible, but inspired by the master apprentice aspirations, these words confirmed today."
Pan head up more Bianxiang Kumarajiva bow, said: "I Mahayana monk's master, I am the master Theravada monk."
Mahayana Theravada mentoring each other, for the elephants!
Fu Jian Zheng Western Queen Maud ◎ ◎
The Spiritual Jun Kumarajiva only, spread throughout the West, everyone is very esteem, annual preaching saying, Western kings are gathered to hear law and Zhang Gui in the Fazuo Kumarajiva next to Pigeon Mount Roche marching board Fazuo.
Kumarajiva's reputation spread far and wide not only Western, but also spread to China Eastern. Former Qin Fu Jian've heard a lot, already have in mind, please welcome the idea.
Fu Jian said: "I heard that Western One Kumarajiva, Xiangyang Road, has released security. The foreign of the monks Homo sapiens, it must be Kumarajiva it!"
Shanshan Wang and Kucha former king of the Department of brother, had come to pilgrimage with Fu Jian, said Western Region is rich in pearl baby, should send troops crusade. Former Qin Fu Jian Jianyuan 17 years in February, Shanshan Wang and others have also petitioned crusade against the Western Regions. So the following year in September, sending Xiaoqi General Lu Kuang Fu Jian, Ling Jiang Fei Jiang, General, accompanied by Shanshan Wang, Wang and other vehicles division, led by 70,000 troops, and the Ukrainian Society for the Asian countries Kucha crusade.
Lu Guang army just starting to tell Kucha Kumarajiva pure white king: "Kucha fortunes decline, and will have a strong enemy to attack from the east, you should be respectful welcome, do not send troops to resist." But the king did not listen to advice Kucha, his troops struggling to resist, the result was trounced, Kucha king also was to powerful for a pure white.
After a weathered soil ◎ ◎ Step East
Lv Guangrui gas spirit, calm Kucha country, they separate white shock of pure white for the younger brother of King of Kucha. Lu Guang Kumarajiva captured, see if he was still very young, I do not know his profound wisdom, took to teasing him as Everyman. Lu Guang forced to marry the princess Kumarajiva and Kucha, Kumarajiva hard to resign. Kumarajiva riding Meng Lu Guang also ordered by the evil cattle and horses, would like to see him fall from the Cattle and horse funny phase. Repeated nausea and bullying, Kumarajiva are mind shame, and no Nuse. Finally, Lu Guang ashamed of the behavior stopped mocked.
Lu Guang his troops to return home midway break in the mountain camp. R. Kahn said: "can not stay here, otherwise the army officers and men will find any, should the army moved to the plateau."
Lu Guang Kumarajiva ignored the recommendation remains unchanged. In the evening, really downpour, flash floods, water has Shuzhang deep soldiers killed thousands of people. At this point, Lu Kuang had just secretly feel Kumarajiva of miraculous.
Kumarajiva again Lu Kuang said: "This dangerous place of death, should not stay long, estimated fortune and a set number, you should return quickly shuaibing, half-way must be found blessed for living."
Lu Guang follow the recommendations of Kumarajiva quickly led his army to leave. When the army arrived Liangzhou (Wuwei County, Gansu Province today), rumors Fu Jian Yao Chang has been killed, Lu Guang Gao Su mourning ordered the armed forces, and self-reliance for the emperor, the country cool (known to history after the cold), Chien-yuan is too safe.
PETN years (AD 387) the first month, Guzang wind blew the place. R. Kahn said: "The wind is not auspicious, indicating rebellion will occur, but not a pure natural to put down!"
Sure enough, to Lvguang Long Fei years, Zhangye clinical Song, Lu Hu, Drainage men into, Mengxun, who rebelled to launch the limits as prefect for the chief and section of the industry.
Lu Kuang-born son is to send Aiqie ─ ─ prefectural governor Taiyuan public Lu Qin Article, 50,000 elite troops, led to the crusade. All that section of industries was only a rabble, while Article Lu Wei has the sound of things will definitely be able to put down disorder. Lu Kuang and confidence to visit Kumarajiva. R. Kahn said: "I have observed this trip, and can not be won back."
Soon, Lu Compilation defeated in the co-pear. Later, Guo Xin also raise an army rebellion, led the army would return to Article Lu, Guo Xin was again defeated, annihilated, only Qi Jia Lu Compilation returned.
◎ ◎ colored silk cord and see good and bad
Minister Zhang Zi Lu Guang very high regard, with a capital in bed sheets, Lu Guang very anxious, often invited to his many famous doctors admitted to medical drugs no longer helping, but suddenly there was a foreign devotee, Ming Jiaoluo fork, claiming to be able to make Zi recovered. Lu Guang face value, reward Lo fork many treasures.
Kumarajiva know fork Law deceptive, they go to tell the capital: "Lo fork can not cure your disease, only in vain too! Although the number of people transported esotericism not see, but you can detect certain phenomena."
Kumarajiva using colored silk tie knots, and then burning ashes, and then dropped into the water. If the ash surface, they aggregate into a wire rope of this treasure, showing the disease can not be cured Zhang Zi. Gray saw a flash flotation rope in the water, then combined into the original wire rope form.
Zhang Zi pharmaceutical taking a few days, then a visit. Soon, Lu Guang also died. Lu Kuang-Lu Shao will inherit throne Prince, but after a few days, Lu Lu Shao Article killed while self-reliance, Chien-yuan Xianning.
◎ ◎ chess verbal exchanges hidden mystery
Article Xianning Lu years, strange things again and again. Found a sow gave birth to piglets, a 3. Also at night there are dragon from the East Room of the wells there, but climbed to the hall before the Pan lying, until dawn disappears, Lu Compilation think this is an auspicious sign, so that the main hall for the Lung Temple. Soon, they heard a Black Dragon Jiu Gong door leap in the news, then again Compilation Lu Xing Jiu Gong door to door.
Compilation Kumarajiva of Lu, said: "Recently there demon pig is a symbol of something strange will happen. Qianlong travel, not lucky. Dragon is Yin class, and travel time, but often occur near, a symbol of disaster to come. certain things will happen followers usurp the throne, you should swallow hard and virtue and moral integrity to restore the days of operation. "Compiling is not adopted, but Lu advice.
One day, Lu Compilation and Kumarajiva chess. Article Kumarajiva Lu eat a pawn, Compilation Lu said: "kill the head Hu slaves." Kumarajiva replied: "can not kill the slaves head Hu, Hu slave to kill first." Kumarajiva, then is a mapping of significance, but could not wake Lu Compilation.
Lu Lu Guang's brother Paul, a son of Ming Jiaolv Chao, Lu Jiao Hu slave over the small print, was indeed killed by Lu compiled, brother Lü was crowned emperor. At that time, we came to the understanding Kumarajiva prophecy.
Cause competition to ◎ ◎ Transwhiz
Fu Jian Yao Chang kill Later Qin established, with customs in the land, have an open mind please Kumarajiva come, but Lu royal family, I am afraid that magical wisdom Kumarajiva, once used for the Yao Chang, Lu will be detrimental to the establishment of the cold country, so not allowed to Kumarajiva eastbound.
Yao Chang's death, Prince Edward Yao Xing succession, they send a messenger to cool the country urged Kumarajiva, but still no avail.
Later Qin Yao Xinghong began three years (AD 401) in March, the Court of Freedom Park in the temple, even into Hong Chih-green, which is considered auspicious symbol of Dade Homo sapiens will come. In the same year in May, Yao Xing Shuo send Longxi Germany, Spain and cutting cold country Lü, Lü military defeat, to September Lü table clique are surrendering, Kumarajiva to go off in time, he has a 50-year-old.
Hong Shi year on Dec. 20, arrived in Chang'an Kumarajiva. Yao Xing extremely hi duty to the country division of courtesy Kumarajiva, the following year and urged him to translate Simin House and Happy Garden Buddhist, but also the selection of Salmonella Monk deeds, Monk moved, French Chin, channel flow, Dao Heng, Road standard, Monk □, Seng-chao, etc. Eight hundred people attended translation field.
R. Kahn and D. are "in theory", "100 theory", "12 on", "Sutra", "Lotus Sutra", "Perspective on", "Vimalakirti by," "Chinese hands after "," the object "," Amitabha Sutra, "" Manuscripts, "" the first Shurangama San Meijing, "" Ten to live through, "" meditation Sanmei Jing "," Maitreya Buddha through, "" Mile xiasheng after "," 10 recite Law "," 10 recite quit this, "" Bodhisattva Precepts of the "Tibetan Buddhism, Tibetan Buddha, etc.. The total number of translation, according to "the Tripitaka mind set" Volume II contains a total of 35, 29 seven-volume; According to "Kaiyuan Lu" volume IV contains a total of 74, 38 four volumes.
Han Emperor Ming, the Buddha came to China after Wei and Jin dynasties, Chinese translation of the classic gradually increased, but the translation of works of many non-smooth, with a gap between the original Fan Ben.
Kumarajiva detention cool country 17 years, public sentiment for China and Turkey are very familiar with the language on the can with ease, but also with his original scholarly, both the literature, therefore, on the translation of the classic, natural, and fit myogi, mileage on the interpretation to create a some unprecedented grand occasion.
Abide ◎ ◎ continuity
Kumarajiva the translation from the classical case, we can see that he is committed to promote, mainly by the class under the Wisdom of Nagarjuna established in view of a series of Mahayana thought. After he had given in the theory of the history of Buddhism in China, a huge impact.
Kumarajiva Mahayana teachings of non-noose preferences, his aim was to clarify Philosophic Theory widely performed, but the observation of the situation in China at that time can not help but sigh, said: "If I write for" Mahayana A Tan adjoining "This child can not be Jiadan compared. now that China has very few people know much knowledge, it would be difficult resonate. I am here, like broken birds of different feathers, what will be on the lot, actually! "Kumarajiva so sad gave up!
Later, Kumarajiva only with the "reality of" two volumes, and notes "Vimalakirti by" graceful exquisiteness of his diction, not wait for excision striking literary grace. Lushan Huiyuan letters with questions and answers, especially future generations will ask him to answer the Mahayana Hui Yuan Yi 18 Section three volumes, compiled a "righteous cause Mahayana chapter."
◎ After tea, the tongue does not adjoin coke rotten ◎
Yao Xing often whimsical, and R. Kahn said: "Master! Your smart Maria, perception of excellence, is the best in the world. If you passed away, French species will be cut off, no one can inherit." Then, Yao Xing friction force Pigeon Roche received 10 women.
Kumarajiva miserable, but in order scriptures cause, only insults. Since then, Kumarajiva not live in temples Seng Fang, another relocated. Say that every enthroned by the justice, often in earnest: "For example, the growth of smelly mud, lotus, lotus only pick without Zhanqu smelly mud ah!"
It was starting to despise Kumarajiva heart health, but also wishful thinking to follow. Kumarajiva will set the public, to pre-filled needle in the bowl, he was looking condensing natural said: "If you can learn from me, this bowl of needles to swallow, you can conduct my public school. Otherwise, I hope everyone peace of mind to do their ways and keep the precepts, not to play again breed delusion! "finished, then immediately put the full bowl needle swallow, like eating as easy. The public to see this rare show are all stunned, feel very ashamed.
Kumarajiva in Kucha States, lawyers have to learn from the British Columbia Cat fork. When the fork into the base relations in the Mosque, Kumarajiva very enlightened and, specifically to worship. I do not know Kumarajiva base Moro was forced to fork things, and asked: "You are very fortunate to Han, the disciples by the law how many people?" Kumarajiva replied: "Chinese places yet by law incomplete, and all the new economic theory, mostly by my interpretation, I learned three thousand followers to follow the law. But I...... karma deep, not in accordance with the teachings of the Master! "
A monk Pui, Pengcheng Going degrees in public, I heard Kumarajiva in Chang'an, actually Kuiran sigh: "I do not play with his three hundred years, can not meet, probably have to wait until the next life together again."
Later Qin Yao Xinghong eleven years until August 20, the Eastern Jin Andi Yi Xi five years (AD 409), R. Kahn passed away in Chang'an, was cremated at the Happy Garden. When the fly ash your cigarette, his Xinghai has shattered, and only the tongue is still as raw. This is the word of his former vows, leaves us with endless contemplation and nostalgia!
Extracted from the above article "term cassock Miles Tour" with Xiu Bauer.
Monk ◎ ◎ welcome Annihilated
Eastern Jianyuan 18 years (382 years), Former Qin Fu Jian, General Lu Kuang shuaibing 70000 Pine, invading and Kucha, captured two years later. 17 years later, Later Qin Yao Xing in Hong Shi three years (401 years) removal Yao Shuo De Siva Liangzhou troops, after the cool off. This course is for the two wars conquering a city, but the two countries sending troops to seize the Lord made it clear that one person --- Kumarajiva (about 343-413). To greet a Master, two off, causing a state of war. The Kumarajiva, Chinese Buddhism and Chinese literature can be described as far-reaching.
■ Home Shixun strong line of the Western Regions of
Kumarajiva's father, inflammation of the Dove Cat is Tianzhu Brahman, birth family in order to avoid phase and become a monk, and long shot Kucha, the king was regarded as a National Division Kucha. Kucha Wang sister has the body will be blessed with children with, Western countries competing for, are not promised, but go for State Division. Qiuci Yan Wang was forced to return to secular life dove Mosque, and the king married sister.
Legend of the mother pregnant with Roche Roche, when suddenly the intelligence of God realization, and self-taught Tianzhu language, then forget it demonstrated after delivery. One result has been obtained evidence that its position Lohan is pregnant with the son who will. Roche 7 years old, his mother travel, see Luanfen field Skeleton of the scattered, then asked a monk, to explore the truth of life and death. She does not drip into the 7th, life on the line. Family, challenging behavior, however, had to agree.
■ destroy the country and meet Dianpei his life
Kumarajiva reputation not only in Western but also in the Han were also many rumors. Fu Jian historiographer memorials that have appeared strange star, great moral, people should have come to Turkey. Fu Jian asked out after the star when referring Kumarajiva immediately sent Xiaoqi General Lu Kuang Siva Kucha, and repeated exhortations Lu Guang, if Roche were immediately sent to return.
Yao Chang, Yao Xing father and son for a long time Muluo Shi style, several times sent envoys please welcome Roche, Lu refused. Yao Xing came to the throne, Hong Shi for three years, see the Happy garden appear auspicious, so send Lü Yao Shuo De big break, after the cool off, finally get Roche welcome to Chang'an. At this time Roche has been 58 years old. Yao Xing on Roche highly respected, regarded as a national division, here especially the monks came to study close to people listening.
Yao Xing that Roche must have an outstanding master of such heirs, so regardless of the identity of his monks, forcing him to accept the 10 beauties. Helpless Roche can only move out of dormitories after the other do not live up. Some monks also would like to see follow, so before a meal, Roche in his own rice bowl filled with needles, and all eat rice Ban Zhao, face same color, and then told everyone: "If like me who such as eat, consider it a wife. "Every time enthroned before starting an argument, Roche warned everyone always laughing at himself:" For example, Lotus Health stinking mud, but the adoption of Lotus, do not get smelly mud! "
■ righteous deeds tongue into flames kept the Buddha's heart
Liangzhou the time of detention, although the practice hindered Kumarajiva and preaching, but also became his good time to fully learn the language. Chang reached after four years from the Hong Shi (402), the familiar Buddhist, various Western languages, Sanskrit and Chinese Kumarajiva in Yao Xing, or poor and the Monks start under own translation of Buddhist scriptures to help explain the classic train disciples, to open a generation of culture.
Translation of the most famous ancient Buddhist "four translation division," Kumarajiva, essence, Xuanzang, not air, to Kumarajiva the earliest. His career was unprecedented scriptures, both quantity and quality, are far from comparable predecessors, he translated more than 300 volumes, nearly 300 million words of Buddhist scriptures, far-reaching. He translated the first systematic exposition of Mahayana Buddhism by the origins of the theory of space, so that was refreshing thinkers. His translation of "Lotus Sutra", "Amitabha Sutra", "Diamond Sutra", "10 to live by", "the object", "in theory", "100 theory", "12 theory" is offspring Tiantai, Pure Land Buddhism, Zen, Huayan cases, into actual cases, three of these and other Buddhist sect based mainly classic, "Ten recite Law", "monks quit this" and "Fan Wang Jing" further perfect the Han Buddhist precepts. In the language and style, the Roche and his translation of scriptures groups have changed over the lack of simple, innocent, not only to fully convey the wishes of the original code, and writes fluent Xilian, even as literature History, such as the impact of Chinese culture, great "Diamond Sutra", "Offerings," "Lotus Sutra", "Amitabha Sutra" and although the other versions, but until today the prevailing popular or Roche's translation.
Roche Transwhiz stopped working until later died of Chang'an. Passed away before he issued a pledge: "this was before the public, made honest oath: if the transfer were not wrong, when so down on itself, the tongue does not scorch rotten." Yao Xing in Happy Garden held its adjoining Tu for his ceremony to body-burning fire, smoke sales Gu Sui, but the soft tongue has not been burned.
Roche life, fate, and then the level of the Han Buddhism and also the relative lack of acceptance, but also limited his talent into full play. Salmonella had said the foreign familiar with Roche, Roche translated classic, less than one-tenth of his master. Kumarajiva friends donated a poem is perhaps the best example of his life: "Yuk Tak Heart Mountain, Flow smoked million from the extension. Sad solitary Luan Tong, the voiceless thorough nine days."
Translated by Google