Zou Taofen
近代中国
( November 5, 1895 AD～ July 24, 1944 AD)
 邹韬奋
(1895.11.5 ~ 1944.7.24) Chinese excellent publicist, publisher, formerly known as Zouen Run, pet name Yam book, the famous journalist, Former Li Jinqing, Yu Jiang, native of Jiangxi Province. Wing was born in Fujian Province. He studied at Fuzhou University, Shanghai Nanyang Primary, Nanyang Intermediate, Nanyang Institute of Electrical and Mechanical Division at the Shanghai Arts St. John's University.
October 1926, the original "Life" magazine editor in chief into the managing partner of the banking sector, "Life" magazine replaced by fen assume editorial responsibility. Brief Introduction to the wish fulfilled, to press and publication in their dream job. Since then, he was hard to put to work. Brief Introduction to the decision of social and audience according to needs, from content to form, on the "Life" magazine to conduct a significant innovation. He identified the purpose of the journal as "cultivation of life implied, to arouse the spirit of service, ability to seek social transformation" ①. ① complete as time goes way: "Mr. Zou Taofen fifth anniversary of the Festival", originally set in 1949, "World Knowledge" Volume 20 No. 6, see "Taofen the road", Joint Publishing 1958 edition, p. 183.
① "our position" (December 13, 1930), "Taofen Complete Works" volume 3, p. 256. Passage, "Life" magazine from the simple discussion of "vocational education" and "Youth Culture" turned to social problems.
Brief Introduction to the Publication of the process, paid great attention to ties with the masses. He is always taking the time to read, reply to every letter from the reader to listen to the voice of the reader, reader feedback information. As the "Life" magazine writing simple, friendly nature, life, and they dare to face reality, justice, became enthusiastic partners in the masses word can I say, and soon, it won the trust of readers and love. Brief Introduction to the journal over the 7 years, "Life" magazine from a humble small publication, it has rapidly become a "popular at home and abroad, in-depth remote locations have large influence on the publications"; circulation of up to 155,000 copies, " Periodicals issued at the time created a new record "②. To meet the growing demand of readers, in 1930, fen again based on the original scale, set up a "Books and agency Department," Office Duzhe services business, and gradually developed into the country after the branch stores and offices have reached the lives of as many as five 60 bookstores. "Life" magazine from fen to take over the day, the evil would dare, to fight the forces of darkness, trying to "seek a benefit to society generally" ③, the social phenomenon of corruption, etc., can not avoid hitting be ruthlessly exposed and criticized the passage of time, in the fen business, it gradually changed to "public justice" organizations, thus, ZOU not for the dark forces, often by the Kuomintang authorities coercion, inducement and intimidation.
Brief Introduction to the patriotic and democratic behavior aroused hostility and hatred of the Kuomintang authorities, fen, and "Life" magazine suffered persecution followed. June 18, 1933, the famous patriotic democrats, China League for Civil Rights Yang Xingfo outstanding one of the leaders, the Blue Shirts assassination by the KMT, ZOU also ranked blacklist, had to go abroad in exile in July. Is the end of "Life" magazine closed down by the KMT government. July 14, 1933, A Brief Introduction to take the Italian tanker, "Dover No. No." to leave Shanghai, to Europe, began his first exile. The abroad, that he intended to visit from the "general trend of the world how?" "How the Chinese way?" To this end, he all the way back and forth, tirelessly, visited Italy, Switzerland, France, Britain, Germany, the Soviet Union and the United States to collect a lot of valuable material, and to see and hear along the way in, made a lot of experience notes. Through repeated learning, thinking and research, fen finally the two major problems, with clearer understanding. He Zai "leaving no message to" three-set preamble that: "Now the world, except outside the Soviet Union, it is clearly the phenomenon of productivity is the Jin Bu Yi and tools of the social system of private incompatible... Our European so-called ' powers' of the country which have seen social phenomena: one is the minority and extravagant, unusual generosity of life; the one hand, most people become poor, in the hunger line roll! "So, to complete ② Zou Jia Li:" Tao Fen news Road ", see" editors and reporters 100 people, "Lin School Press, 1985 edition, p. 252. ③ " Editor's Note" (November 14, 1931), "Taofen Complete Works" volume 3, p. 648. To solve this incompatibility problem, "only the fundamental transformation of the productive forces of society binding the organization, on behalf of the advances that make use of the public welfare social organization of productive forces. To be able to profit as much as possible for the public use of advanced productive forces, production must supply the motive the public's needs, not for the small number of people seeking profit. " On the way out for the Chinese nation, he said, the Chinese nation was subject to imperialist oppression and exploitation of the nation, so to shake off slavery, "of course the most important efforts in the national liberation struggle." However, the fen stressed that this struggle, "the agent of imperialism must not rely on insects and epiphytes; central force required and the interests of imperialism does not stand the hard-working people of the two organizations." In addition, he also saw capitalism the corruption and depravity, that capitalism will inevitably die, will the victory of socialism; claim that China must take the socialist road, have a future and a bright ①. Thus, after two years of drifting overseas field trips and visits to learn, A Brief Introduction to the idea made great progress and improve his comparison of capitalism and socialism, gradually stand, viewpoint and method to aspects of Marxism.
While fen away in a foreign country, the future of the country and the nation consider Concerned exhausted, find a way out of the international and domestic situation has undergone new changes, the iron heels of the Japanese invaders of North China is gradually in-depth hinterland. May 1935, there were "new events", the KMT government closed down the "new" magazine, and arrested the editor of Du Zhong-yuan, ZOU very dissatisfied, resolved to return. August 1935, A Brief Introduction to leave the United States, returned after an absence of up to two years in the homeland. See the mother is devastated, can not help but filled with emotion, cried in grief, resolve to fight a more tenacious attitude, for China's national liberation do offer modest means. Since then, fen threw himself into the patriotic democratic movement. Is on November 16, he founded in Shanghai in "public life" magazine. In the "Chuang Kanci" clearly suggested that "seeks to achieve national liberation, the elimination of the vestiges of feudalism, individualism overcome" ① three goals, which completely abandoned the bourgeois individualism, itself the cause of melting into the country and national liberation flow of the time to. Soon, January 29 motion broke out, "public life" of its distinct political position and fearless fighting style, on this anti-Japanese national salvation movement in full swing for the strong support and assistance. Brief Introduction to the series of comments in the press, denounced the traitorous acts of the KMT authorities, and the patriotic student movement for national salvation, to vigorously promote and enthusiastic support. He highly praised the students for national salvation movement, saying "it is the vanguard of the mass movement, national liberation, the dawn of the future!" Appeal to those who do to the premise of the national liberation struggle for the people, should be "Gongtongqingqi banner of struggle for national liberation to the blood support of students Cheng rescue campaign to promote the overall national efforts to fight the public! "②" public life "so warmly welcomed by the majority of the population, 20 million copies sold, more than the original" Life "magazine, to create a magazine published in China record. December, fen Shen Junru then others, organized the establishment of the Shanghai cultural Salvation Council, Brief Introduction to the elected Executive Committee. The following year on May 31, the establishment of the National Salvation Association, fen, was also elected Executive Committee. "Public life" will actually be saving the journal, which effectively promoted the development of the national salvation movement for national liberation has made a significant contribution to the realization.
Fen and "public life" just words, once again aroused the fear the Kuomintang government. They also resorted to various tricks, kill "public life." On the one hand, I conducted a personal attack on the fen, spreading rumors, defamation, libel fen; the other hand, strictly limited "public life" to prohibit the sale of its parts and mail from the post office. Kuomintang government also sent a series of political lobbyists, draw, lure fen yield into submission. Facilities for these despicable acts of hard and soft phase, fen stated rightly, be a ruthless counterattack. He clearly said: "not to participate in a rescue already, both to participate in national salvation movement, will make ① fen:" leaving no message to "Preamble, living bookstores in June 1936 edition. See" Taofen Complete Works "volume 6, p. 8-11 page. ① "Our Lighthouse" (" Chuangkan Ci") (November 16, 1935), "The Complete Works of Tao Fen" s * 6, p. 495. ② "students Salvation Movement" (1935 December 21), "Tao Fen Collection" volume 6, 510 - 511. force the forefront of personal life and death as early as home givers. "① 1936 年 2 29," public life "out to 16 period, the government closed down by the KMT. Brief Introduction to the decision to take shelter edge, leaving in February 1936 in Shanghai to Hong Kong.
July 31, 1936, fen and Chen Junru, Tao, Chang Nai-chi and other four jointly issued a "unity exteriors of several basic conditions and minimum requirements" of the open letter, further elucidation of the National Salvation Council, Salvation stand against the enemy. This paper analyzes the domestic situation, pointing out that the occasion of national crisis, all political parties across the country, should stop disputes, "a common united anti-Japanese national salvation." In particular, they proposed the establishment of the Communist Party's anti-Japanese national united front and support the idea endorsed, called Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang government, "should quickly up the United Front led to the establishment of national salvation, should quickly eliminate stereotypes in the past, the joint parties, the anti-Japanese national salvation The joint efforts of ①. "The letter of the anti-Japanese national salvation front to establish an important joint advocacy and catalytic role. August, moved to Shanghai's "daily life", because the KMT government failed to resume publication all the interference. Brief Introduction to the actual situation will be, will supplement the journal "supplement a week," resumed publication, and to be expanded, changed its name to "life-magazine" and continue to hold high in Shanghai, the banner of the anti-Japanese national salvation and support around the anti-Japanese patriotic movement.
November 22, 1936 night, the KMT government to "endangering the Republic of China," the crime, the arrest of fen and National Salvation Council and other leaders of the Shen Junru, Li Gongpu, sand thousands of miles, Shi Liang, Chang Nai-chi, Wang made when a total of seven people, creating a shocked The "Seven Gentlemen" event. KMT's perverse, sparking a nationwide people's anger and grievances, all localities have processions, meetings and other activities, denouncing the Kuomintang government, strongly demanding the release of prisoners in prison seven patriots. In the 243 days of prison life, the fen has a strong patriotic and democratic attitude of soldiers, with reactionaries against each other, "War and unyielding," displayed exemplary courage and the heroic struggle of the revolutionary spirit of style. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the people in the country under great pressure, July 31, 1937, the KMT authorities had to fen and other 7 people released from prison. The face of people's support and efforts, fen was so moved that he sincerely said: "We reward the road, only to work harder at saving the sport, more dedicated to the public welfare work." ① 8 19, fen founded in Shanghai the "war" three journals, the following year in July and Liu Shi magazine editor in chief of the "National" magazine merger, changed its name to "National War" Three Journal. In order to meet all the friends of the patriotic and democratic nation demands, he also has published a "National War" battlefield version of the 5th s and the "National Anti-Japanese War," Popular Science magazine, published in Shanghai, "War Illustrated" published on the 6th. These publications are propaganda war save the nation, fight for democratic rights as the core content, geographic scope and influence of large, are rare at the time. "All ① fen posthumous:" Adversity rest of his life in mind, "the first chapter," Exile ", Tao Fen Press, May 1946 edition, see" Taofen Complete Works "Vol 10, p. 837.
② " Chuangkan Ci" (June 7, 1936), "Tao Fen Collection" volume 6, p. 672. * ① "unity exteriors of several basic conditions and minimum requirements" (July 31, 1936), "Tao Fen Collection" volume 6, No. 708,713 pp. ① fen was: "experienced" 51 "Future", Joint Publishing Press, 1958 edition, see "Taofen Complete Works" volume 7, p. 259. China Anti-Japanese War, "sold more than 300,000 copies, ranking the highest circulation publications, a strong impetus to the development of the patriotic democratic movement.
Brief Introduction to the patriotic activities after his release, caused fear and anger the KMT authorities, from April 1939, the KMT secret agents after another branch will be closed book of life or force closure; by the book, should be banned or confiscated, even after review and registration at the Ministry of the Interior, also without exception. To February 1941, in addition to branches in Chongqing, the living area bookstores in the country with more than 50 branch system, all by the KMT authorities closed all the workers were arrested or severance. Brief Introduction to this furious. He connected to the KMT government lodged a strong protest. February 23, 1941, in the second session of the National Political Council, the first occasion of the opening is coming up, fen angrily resigned from the post of member of national politics, one person alone, from Chongqing to Hong Kong, determined to "willing to resign honorable action, raise public awareness attention to the profound political reform and promote the "① fen arrival, more actively engaged in political activities, for the realization of democracy running shouting that he was conspiring to betray the country and undermine resistance of evil," is that while we breathe, the oath when the struggle with in the end "②, demonstrated strong patriotic oath and the evil spirit and determination to fight in the end. May 17, A Brief Introduction to the Hong Kong Cheung Chau's "public life." In the reopened words, he cried out: "placed before the people in the country's urgent problems is how to eliminate the fundamental crisis of split, consolidation of unity, the establishment of democracy, from Er Shi war persist in the end, in order to achieve the final victory." ③ 6 7 days, fen and salvation will be here on behalf of Mao Dun, the Yangtze River, Jin Zhonghua other 9 jointly issued the "attitude of our national affairs and advocated" a text, and further expressed its desire for democratic reform and a strong desire. The journal released, was warmly welcomed by readers at home and abroad, their circulation soon reach 10 million. Except at the "public life", the fen is also often as writer, in "defense of China Union," English fortnightly and the National Salvation Council colleagues run the "save the nation series" on an article, to state their political views. In addition, he also based on personal experience and feelings, writing a long historical, "since the war of resistance", is intended to honorable public words and deeds, as the bright future of Chinese politics, as the bright future of the founding of the Chinese War of Resistance, "to draw people to political understanding of reform and efforts to "④. Brief Introduction to the remarks made in Hong Kong during the period, "during his speech at the essence of war. He Kuomintang reactionaries since Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937 because of resistance by the forced savings of up to deceive the people of some political capital will be fully liquidated, it is also a France's true colors "①.
After the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Japanese, stepping up the "south" policy. December 25, 1941, Hong Kong fell, fen could not stop in Hong Kong, only once again in exile. The help of the Chinese Communist Party, fen to the East River, Northern anti-Japanese base areas. He carefully examined the situation of anti-Japanese base areas, visits, and visited many schools and the local people, together with forces of production, labor. Personal feelings and experiences, so that he filled with emotion, encouraged. He said with deep feeling: "Over the past decade to engage in the democratic movement, is only minimal in practice today to see a real democracy." ② At this time, ZOU unfortunately affected ear cancer, was forced to return to Shanghai for medical treatment. Illness, he put ear hit the bursts of deep-seated cancer pain, and fell on the bed, rush out "Adversity rest of his life in mind," a book (unfinished posthumous) and "affairs of state called" article. Turning to examine the impression in North Base, A Brief Introduction to the book sincerely wrote: "When I was in the anti-Japanese democratic base areas behind enemy lines and see the essence of democratic politics encouraged by the people up ①" since the War of Resistance, "July 5" Second National Political Council of Eve "," Tao Fen Collection, "Volume 10, No. 372. ②" our national affairs and the attitudes and ideas "(May 31, 1941)," Tao Fen Collection, "Volume 10, p. 385. ③ " reopened Word" (May 17, 1941), "Tao Fen Collection," Volume 10, No. 47,48 pp. ④ "Since the war," Preface, "Tao Fen Collection," Volume 10, p. 171.
① Fan Changjiang: "Taofen the development of thought" (August 1, 1955), "Tao Fen Collection," Volume 14, 663 - 664. ② Hu resistance fall: "Taofen of exile", Joint Publishing Press, 1979 edition, p. 71. God, played resistance forces behind enemy lines adhere to the most brutal fight, and unite all sectors to solve all the difficulties of the situation, I am extremely excited about the spirit, I become young. I see a great country more promising... I was the courage and confidence increased a hundredfold, take courage and self-motivation, as the great motherland and the great people I continue to struggle. "③ Brief Introduction It is with a lifetime pursuit of truth, the persistent belief in pursuit of light, to the great cause of the motherland and the people spared no efforts to contribute their own life energy. Lay Dying, A Brief Introduction to dictate a will, solemnly presented the application to join the Chinese Communist Party:" Please review the Communist Party of China Central strictly historical struggle of my life. As they pass, please join the party ratify. "① expressed his relentless political pursuit of life and sincere desire. July 24, 1944, fen with the motherland and the people's nostalgia and affection, left the family, left his beloved press and publication work, left his lifelong efforts in the great patriotic cause of democracy. at the age of 48 years.
Brief Introduction to the news of the death, the whole nation mourn. Communist Party of China under the leadership of the anti-Japanese democratic base areas have held a memorial ceremony, a solemn commemoration of the distinguished political activists and journalists. October 7, "Liberation Daily" published by the CPC Central Committee on September 28 A Brief Introduction to the families of condolences addressed, ratified him as the Chinese Communist Party, and their life and in the great cause, given the high praise and evaluation. Message wrote: "Mr. Tao Fen campaign to save the country more than twenty years, for democracy, for the culture and struggle without rest, although prison exile, and never bend to rape, never change the stand until the last breath, still earnestly to the motherland people in mind, the spirit will be long in the human world, his work will live on forever. President will require ratification to join the party and the ashes reburied in Yan'an, we would like to serious and a heavy heart, to accept the request of Mr. dying, and cited this as my party glory. Taofen happy death of the President, like the Chinese people, Mr. Qi Chung final appeal to uphold the unity and resistance, the implementation of genuine democracy, prosperity and peace building independence and freedom to strive together in the end the new China. "② Chinese Communist leaders harness the word pro-problems, expressed deep condolences. Mao Zedong's inscription as: "love the people, sincerely serve the people, spared no efforts in dying, this is the spirit of Mr. Zou Taofen, this is the reason he moved to one place." Zhu De in the elegiac couplet in earnest to him as the "patriotic Patriots, democratic vanguard "①.
③ "call on the affairs of state" (October 8, 1944), "Tao Fen Collection," Volume 10, p. 816-817 pages. ① "fen will" (September 2, 1944), see "A Brief Introduction to Life", Fudan University Press, 1982, p. 7. ② "Mr. Zou Taofen Mourns the families of the CPC Central Committee," September 28, 1944, see "Taofen Complete" 1 rolls first. ① Mao Zedong, Zhu De inscription: see "Brief Introduction to the Chronicle," p. 3.
Brief Introduction to the prose works:
"Leaving no Yi language"
"Re-Li Set"
"The fight against anti-democratic"
"Disgrace"
"Concentrated effort"
"Agile accurate"
"Adaptable"
"Efficient optimism"
"Deep and sincere friendship"
"My Mother" |
|
|