zhōu zì qí Zhou Ziji
běi yáng zhèng fǔ
( 1871nián～ 1923nián)
| zì： | zǐ yì | | jíguàn： | shān dōng shànxiàn |
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zhōu zì qí (1871 ～ 1923) zì zǐ yì， dān chéng zhèn pái fāng jiē rén， chū shēn dá guān shì jiā。 qí zēngzǔ fù zhōu míng luán qīng jiā qìng jǐ sì ' ēn kē jìn shì， hòu rèn guǎng dōng fēn xún léi qióng bīng bèi dào； zǔ fù zhōu yù guì， qīng dào guāng bǐng xū kē jìn shì， hòu rèn guǎng dōng léi zhōu zhī fǔ。 1894 nián ( qīng guāng xù ' èr shí nián )， tā yìng jīng zhào shì， kē shùn tiān xiāng shì fù bǎng。 lì rèn zhù měi gōng shǐ guǎn cān zàn、 lǐng shì， wài wù bù yòu chéng、 zuǒ chéng， shān dōng dū dū jiān mín zhèng cháng、 zhōng guó yínháng zǒng cái、 cái zhèng zǒng cháng、 jiāo tōng zǒng cháng、 lù jūn zǒng cháng。 1922 nián 3 yuè， shǔ lǐ guó wù zǒng lǐ。 1922 nián 6 yuè 2 rì， shè xíng dà zǒng tǒng zhí wù， shì yuè 11 rì， lí yuán hóng fù zhí dà zǒng tǒng， zhōu tuì chū zhèng jiè。 1923 nián 9 yuè 12 rì， bìng gù yú běi jīng。
zhōu zì qí ， nán， hàn zú， shān dōng shànxiàn rén， 1896 nián fù měi liú xué。 céng rèn qīng zhèng fǔ zhù měi gōng shǐ guǎn cān zàn、 yóu měi xué shēng jiān dū、 wài wù bù zuǒ chéng zuǒ cān yì、 xué bù chéng cān shàng xíng zǒu， 1909 nián 7 yuè rèn yóu měi xué wù chù zǒng bàn， 1911 nián 2 yuè jiān rèn qīng huá xué táng jiān dū， 1911 nián 2 yuè zhì 1912 nián 1 yuè chū rèn qīng huá xué táng jiān dū 1923 nián bìng gù yú shàng hǎi。 zhōu zì qí zài rèn yóu měi xué wù chù zǒng bàn hé qīng huá xué táng jiān dū qī jiān， zhù chí kǎo shì xuǎn pài zhí jiē liú měi shēng sān pī gòng 180 rén； zhù chí chóu jiàn yóu měi yì yè guǎn（ hòu gǎi míng wéi qīng huá xué táng）， zé dìng yōng yòu 30 yú gōng qǐng de qīng huá yuán zuò wéi xiào zhǐ， pìn qǐng jiào yuán， zhāo shōu xué shēng 460 rén， qīng huá xué táng yú 1911 nián 4 yuè 29 rì zhèng shì kāi xué。
( yǐ shàng zī liào lù zì qīng huá dà xué )
fù lù : mín guó shè xíng dà zǒng tǒng zhōu zì qí de chuán qí shǐ huà
zhōu zì qí ， zì zǐ yì， shān dōng shànxiàn rén， yī shēng huó yuè yú wǎn qīng mín guó zhèng tán。 zài wǎn qīng shí qī chū shǐ hǎi wài， chuàng bàn qīng huá xué táng（ qīng huá dà xué qián shēn）。 mín guó chū jiàn lì rèn shān dōng dū dū、 zhōng guó yínháng zǒng cái、 jiāo tōng zǒng cháng、 lù jūn zǒng cháng、 cái zhèng zǒng cháng、 nóng shāng zǒng cháng、 yán wù shǔ dū bàn děng yào zhí。 1922 nián rèn běi yáng zhèng fǔ guó wù zǒng lǐ jiān jiào yù zǒng cháng， dài xíng guò mín guó dà zǒng tǒng zhí wù 11 tiān。 zuò wéi yī gè shòu guò xī fāng jiào yù de jiù guān liáo， tā yòu 'ài guó de yī miàn， wéi hù guó jiā lì yì， fā zhǎn nóng gōng shāng jīn róng yè， zuò guò dà liàng duì rén mín yòu yì de shì qíng； tóng shí tā yòu yōng hù yuán shì kǎi fù bì dì zhì， zài dāng shí jūn fá hùn zhàn wǔ fū dāng guó de tè shū nián dài， zhù jiù liǎo tā máo dùn 'ér yòu fù zá de chuán qí rén shēng。
chū shēng guān shēn shì jiā rù xué guǎng zhōu hé jīng shī tóng wén guǎn liú xué měi guó
1871 nián 10 yuè 14 rì， zhōu zì qí chū shēng zài yī gè guān yuán shì jiā， shū xiāng mén dì。 cóng qí zēngzǔ fù zhōu míng luán dào zǔ fù zhōu yù guì jūn wéi jìn shì chū shēn， fù qīn zhōu gǎo xiù nǎi guǎng dōng hòu bǔ xún jiǎn。 xiāng chuán zhōu zì qí chū shēng shì rì dōng xuě chū jì， dà dì yín zhuāng sù guǒ， yī piàn jì jìng， rù yè qí mǔ hān rán rù mèng， hū mèng tiān shàng yī kē jí xīng rù shì， dùn shí mǎn wū hóng guāng， xiāng qì liáo rào， yī gè yīng 'ér gū gū zhuì dì， fù qīn duì tā qīng lái yòu jiā， tè yì qǐ míng “ zì qí ” yǐ qī“ yán gé yào qiú zì jǐ， jiàn xián 'ér sī qí， yǐ chéng dà qì”。 1873 nián zhōu gǎo xiù sǐ hòu， bó fù zhōu shào táng jiē zhōu zì qí dào guǎng dōng fǔ yǎng。 zhè duì zhōu zì qí lái shuō shì tā yī shēng de zhòng yào de zhuǎn zhé diǎn。
zhōu zì qí yú 1891 nián bào kǎo liǎo guǎng zhōu tóng wén guǎn， bìng yǐ yōu yì de chéng jì bèi lù qǔ。 zhōu zì qí zài xiào qī jiān， xué xí kè kǔ nǔ lì， qín fèn hàoxué， hěn kuài jiù chéng wéi xué shēng zhōng de jiǎo jiǎo zhě。 yīn tā xué yè chū zhòng， yī biǎo rén cái， wéi rén xiāo sǎ dà fāng， yī shí xiǎo yòu míng qì。
19 shì jì mò de guǎng zhōu zhèng zhí xī xué dōng jiàn， shì gè zhǒng xī fāng sī xiǎng jiào huì de dì fāng， fēng qì yuǎn jiào nèi lù kāi tōng。 zhōu zì qí zài zhè lǐ jié jiāo liǎo hěn duō jù yòu xiān jìn sī xiǎng de xīn rén shì。 zài guǎng zhōu shí， zhāng zhī dòng yǐ jīng shí fēn xīn shǎng tā， zhōu zì qí yě yīn cǐ yī dù chéng wéi zǒng dū fǔ de zuò shàng kè， zài zǒng dū fǔ de zhōu zì qí kǎn kǎn 'ér tán， zhǐ diǎn yáng wù。 hòu zhāng zhī dòng bǎo sòng tā rù jīng shī tóng wén guǎn xué xí。 zài jīng shī tóng wén guǎn xué xí qī jiān， zhōu zì qí guān xīn guó shì， tè bié shì jiá wǔ zhōng rì zhàn zhēng qī jiān， wéi dāng shí qīng zhèng fǔ fān yì rì bào guān yú rì běn de dòng tài， yǐ gōng guó nèi dāng zhèng zhě cān kǎo。 dāng shí de zhí zhèng lǐ hóng zhāng yuè dú“ rì běn zhù yào bào zhǐ shàng de zhù yào xiāo xī， dāng shí yóu tóng wén guǎn xué shēng chén yí fàn、 cháng dé、 guì shēn、 zhōu zì qí děng rén fān yì。 lǐ hóng zhāng bǎ dōng jīng gōng shǐ guǎn de bào gào tóng bào zhǐ xiāo xī de yì wén xiāng hù duì zhào， tǐ chá rì běn de shì qíng。” zhōu zì qí zài jīng shī tóng wén guǎn wán chéng xué yè hòu yòu dào měi guó gē lún bǐ yà dà xué xué xí。
bù rù zhèng jiè chū shǐ wài guó wéi hù huá rén quán yì
1894 nián zhōu zì qí fù jīng yìng jīng zhào shì， lù guāng xù jiá wǔ kē shùn tiān xiāng shì fù bǎng。 1896 nián， jīng shī shì láng zhāng yìn huán bǎ tā tuī jiàn gěi zhōng guó zhù měi gōng shǐ wǔ tíng fāng， lì rèn zhù měi guó gōng shǐ guǎn shū jì guān、 cān zàn， zhù niǔ yuē jiù jīn shān lǐng shì， bìng rèn chū shǐ měi、 rì、 bìlǔ děng guó de shǐ chén。
zhōu zì qí zài 'ōu měi shí yú nián jiān， zhù zhòng wéi hù zhōng guó lì yì。 1898 nián， xiāng、 è、 yuè sān shěng shēn shāng yào qiú zì jiàn yuè hàn tiě lù， jìn xíng liǎo hōng hōng liè liè de bǎo lù yùn dòng。 dàn qīng zhèng fǔ jù pà wài guó shì lì， tóng shí yě bù xiāng xìn shēn shāng yòu zì jiàn tiě lù de néng lì， yīn cǐ bù gù mín zhòng de fǎn duì， pài zhù měi gōng shǐ wǔ tíng fāng yǔ měi guó měi huá hé xīng gōng sī zài huá shèng dùn qiān dìng liǎo《 yuè hàn tiě lù jiè kuǎn hé tóng》， hòu yòu xù dìng jiè kuǎn shú yuē 26 tiáo。 zhè yī jǔ dòng yán zhòng sǔn hài liǎo zhōng guó de lì yì。 shí rèn zhù niǔ yuē lǐng shì guǎn lǐng shì de zhōu zì qí dé zhī cǐ shì hòu， yì fèn tián yīng， dāng jí wéi guǎng dōng zhèng yào liáng shì yí dài nǐ shú huí yuè hàn tiě lù de zòu zhāng， bìng dà lì zhī chí xiāng、 è、 yuè sān shěng mín zhòng hé shēn shāng de shú quán xíng dòng。 zài mín zhòng de qiáng dà yā lì xià， qīng tíng bèi pò jiāng yuè hàn tiě lù yǐ zhù lù duàn suǒ yòu quán hé wèi zhù lù duàn de xiū jiàn quán shú huí。 cǐ cì xíng dòng， chén zhòng dì dǎ jī liǎo dì guó zhù yì de qīn lüè， gěi zhōng guó mín zú zī běn zhù yì de fā zhǎn tí gōng liǎo jī huì。
zhōu zì qí zài gǔ bā hā wǎ nà chōng rèn zhōng guó shǐ guǎn dài bàn， wéi wéi hù mín zú de lì yì hé huá rén de zūn yán， nǐ dìng liǎo zhōng gǔ shuì zé， wéi hù liǎo zhōng guó shāng rén zài gǔ bā de hé fǎ quán yì； dān rèn zhù měi lǐng shì， wéi fèi chú měi guó nüè dài huá gōng tiáo yuē jī jí bēn zǒu， hūyù guó nèi hé zhù měi huá qiáo yī zhì fǎn duì xù qiān nüè dài huá gōng tiáo yuē； 1906 nián， zhōu zì qí diào rèn měi guó jiù jīn shān zhōng guó zǒng lǐng shì， tóng nián， jiù jīn shān fā shēng dì zhèn， yī xiē huá qiáo shòu zāi yán zhòng， zhōu zì qí qīn zì dài tóu mù juān， zhòng cuò fǎn huá shì lì， bāng zhù huá qiáo dù guò liǎo nán guān， shòu dào zhù měi huá qiáo guǎng fàn zàn sòng。
huí guó rèn zhí wài wù bù chuàng bàn qīng huá xué táng zuò《 wài jiāo jiǎng yì》
1908 nián， zhōu zì qí cóng měi guó fǎn huí， rèn zhí wài wù bù。
qīng zhèng fǔ zài 1909 nián 6 yuè chéng lì liǎo yóu měi xué wù chù， zhōu zì qí chū rèn zǒng bàn； tā yòu zhù chí chóu jiàn yóu měi yì yè guǎn（ hòu gǎi míng wéi qīng huá xué táng）， pìn qǐng jiào yuán， zhāo shōu xué shēng 460 rén， zài zhè lǐ 'àn měi guó biāo zhǔn duì xué shēng jìn xíng duǎn qī xùn liàn， rán hòu zé yōu sòng qù měi guó liú xué。 qīng huá xué táng yú 1911 nián 4 yuè 29 rì zhèng shì kāi xué， zhōu zì qí shì xué táng de jiān dū（ xiào cháng）。 cóng xuǎn dìng xiào zhǐ、 gòu dì、 jiàn xiào， dào pìn rèn jiào yuán， zhōu zì qí fèi jìn xīn xuè。 qīng huá xué táng yú xīn hài gé mìng hòu gǎi wéi qīng huá xué xiào。 zhōu zì qí kě shuō shì qīng huá dà xué de dì yī rèn xiào cháng， duì yǐ hòu qīng huá dà xué de hè hè shèng míng yòu kāi chuàng zhī gōng。
1910 nián suí hǎi jūn dà chén zài xún fǎng měi， 1911 nián， zhōu zì qí zuò wéi zài zhèn qīn wáng de suí yuán， dào yīng guó cān jiā yīng wáng qiáo zhì wǔ shì de jiā miǎn dà diǎn， zhè liǎng cì wǎn qīng lì shǐ shàng bù duō jiàn de chū fǎng， zhōu zì qí duàn liàn hé fā huī liǎo qí wài jiāo cái néng。
zhōu zì qí zài wài wù bù rèn zhí shí zuò《 wài jiāo jiǎng yì》， gòng jì 'èr shí yī piān。 cóng nèi róng lái kàn， cǐ yī《 wài jiāo jiǎng yì》 shì duì qīng cháo zì yā piàn zhàn zhēng yǐ lái liù shí bā nián wài jiāo shǐ de quán miàn jiǎn tǎo。 qīng cháo de wài jiāo shī bài， dāng shí de zhōng guó rén yǐ yòu rèn shí。 dàn yīn tǐ zhì shàng de xiàn zhì， qīng zhèng fǔ nèi bù yī zhí wèi jiù wài jiāo shī bài jí qí yuán yīn jìn xíng quán miàn zǒng jié， bù gǎn zhí yán dāng zhèng zhě de zhǒng zhǒng yīn wú zhī shì jiè dà shì 'ér zhù chéng de dà cuò。 zhōu zì qí de《 wài jiāo jiǎng yì》 zuò wéi tǒng zhì jí tuán nèi bù dì yī cì zì wǒ jiǎn tǎo， qià yòu bù xiǎo de yì yì（《 qīng mò dì wáng jiào kē shū： zhōng guó dì yī lì shǐ guǎn suǒ cáng《 jiǎng yì》 shù lùn ── yǐ zhōu zì qí jí qí《 wài jiāo jiǎng yì》 wéi zhōng xīn》， máo hǎi jiàn）。
rèn shān dōng dū dū zǒu jìn yuán shì kǎi shì yě zhī chí nóng gōng shāng shì yè fā zhǎn
1911 nián， shì zhōng guó nóng lì xīn hài nián， yě shì zhōng guó cóng méng mèi wú zhī de shí dài sū xǐng de guān jiàn nián dài。 zài jīng guò qīng tíng hé jūn fá de zhǒng zhǒng juélì， běi fāng jūn zhèng dà quán luò zài liǎo yuán shì kǎi shǒu zhōng。
1911 nián 11 yuè 16 rì yuán shì kǎi rèn mìng zhōu zì qí wéi yuán nèi gé dù zhī bù fù dà chén。
nà me zhōu zì qí wèishénme néng gòu zǒu jìn yuán shì kǎi nèi gé， bìng qiě chéng wéi guān jiàn bù mén de fù dà chén？
shí jì shàng， zōng hé zhōu zì qí qiú xué、 zài qīng zhèng fǔ wài wù bù rèn zhí、 péi tóng zài zhèn、 zài xún chū fǎng、 zài měi guó rèn wài shǐ、 chuàng bàn qīng huá dà xué děng děng de jīng lì yǐ jīng shǐ zhōu zì qí chéng wéi liǎo dāng shí qīng zhèng fǔ zhèng zhì wǔ tái shàng de huó yuè fènzǐ。 guǎng fàn sōu jí rén cái de yuán shì kǎi zì rán yuàn yì bǎ jù yòu wài jiāo jīng yàn hé měi guó jīng lì de zhōu zì qí nà rù náng zhōng。 zhōu zì qí yī fāng miàn jù yòu 'ài guó sī xiǎng， yī fāng miàn yě yòu“ zhōng jūn” de chéngfèn， kuàng qiě néng gòu rèn zhí dù zhī bù fù dà chén yě shì gǔ dài zhī shí fènzǐ zuì qiú rù shì de jiào gāo céng miàn。 tā rèn wéi wéi yuán shì kǎi fú wù zhǐ shì tā bào xiào guó jiā de yī zhǒng tú jìng， dào liǎo hòu lái zhī chí yuán shì kǎi chēng dì， yǐ jīng shì bù zhī bù jué dì juǎnrù liǎo dāng shí de hùn dùn nì liú zhōng。
yuán zài 1912 nián 3 yuè 25 rì rèn mìng zhōu zì qí wéi shān dōng dū dū。
zhōu zì qí rèn zhí shān dōng qī jiān， zhèng zhí xīn jiù jiāo tì de guò dù shí qī， zhěng gè shān dōng zhèng jú jí shè huì qíng kuàng chéng xiàn chū fù zá hùn luàn de jú miàn。 tā zhì lǐ fěi dào， tányā Jǐnán xún fáng yíng huá biàn， fā zhǎn gōng shāng yùn shū yè hé fā xíng shān dōng yínháng quàn， bān fā jiǎn chú fàbiàn bàn fǎ， chéng lì tǒng yī dǎng shān dōng zhī bù， péi tóng sūn zhōng shān shì chá shān dōng， zhè xiē xíng dòng wéi qīng cháo gāng qù de shān dōng dài lái liǎo zhèng zhì shàng de xīn jú miàn。
huí jīng hòu， xiān hòu dān rèn zhōng guó yínháng zǒng cái， jiāo tōng zǒng cháng， lù jūn zǒng cháng， cái zhèng zǒng cháng， nóng shāng zǒng cháng， yán wù shǔ dū bàn。 1914 nián 12 yuè 23 rì， tā cān jiā liǎo yuán shì kǎi zài tiān tán dǎo yǎn de“ jì tiān diǎn lǐ”， hái qǐng yuán shì kǎi de xiàn fǎ gù wèn gǔ dé nuò wéi běi jīng zhèng fǔ qǐ cǎo liǎo yī fèn bèi wàng lù， wéi zhōng guó tuī xíng dì zhì tí gōng liǎo“ lǐ lùn yǐ jù”。 1915 nián tā bèi rèn mìng wéi zhù chí guó tǐ jué dìng hé xuǎn jǔ shì wù fù zé rén zhī yī， jù tǐ fù zé quán guó gè shěng qū xuǎn jǔ suǒ wèi“ guó mín dài biǎo dà huì” dài biǎo。 1915 nián 12 yuè， yuán shì kǎi chēng dì shí tā bèi wěi rèn wéi“ dà diǎn chóu bèi chù” wěi yuán。
1916 nián 6 yuè yuán shì kǎi sǐ hòu， zhōu zì qí bèi liè wéi dì zhì huò shǒu zhī yī， bèi tōng jī。 zhōu zì qí wáng mìng rì běn。 1918 nián 2 yuè， féng guó zhāng dài lǐ zǒng tǒng shí， qǔ xiāo liǎo duì zhōu zì qí děng rén de tōng jī lìng， zhōu jié shù liú wáng shēng yá， cóng rì běn huí guó。
1913 nián 12 yuè 17 rì， shí rèn jiāo tōng bù zǒng cháng zhōu zì qí quán lì zhī chí yóu zhèng zǒng bàn jiù jiā rù wàn guó yóu zhèng lián méng， biāo zhì zhōng guó yǐ chéng wéi yóu zhèng zhù quán guó jiā； 1913 nián , shí rèn cái zhèng zǒng cháng de zhōu zì qí juān zī xiū jiàn bìng tuò kuān liǎo dōng zǒng bù hú tóng mǎ lù， chéng wéi běi jīng chéng dì yī tiáo mǎ lù， yě shì dì yī tiáo yǐ hú tóng wéi míng de mǎ lù； 1915 nián zài rèn nóng shāng zǒng cháng shí， zhī chí zài shàng hǎi jǔ xíng de dì 'èr jiè yuǎn dōng yùn dòng huì， zhōng guó yùn dòng yuán qǔ dé liǎo dì yī míng de zhuó yuè chéng jì； zhōu zì qí chéng bào dà zǒng tǒng， yǐ měi nián qīng míng jié wéi zhí shù jié， zhǐ dìng dì diǎn， xuǎn zé shù zhǒng， quán guó gè jí zhèng fǔ jī guān rú qī cān jiā， jǔ xíng zhí shù diǎn lǐ bìng cóng shì zhí shù。 jīng dāng nián 7 yuè 21 rì pī zhǔn hòu， tōng lìng quán guó rú qī zūn zhào bàn lǐ。
rèn zhí běi yáng zhèng fǔ yào zhí shǔ nèi gé zǒng lǐ shè xíng dà zǒng tǒng tuì chū zhèng jiè
yīn wéi zhōu zì qí yòu wài jiāo jīng yàn hé yóu měi jīng lì， zài yuán shì kǎi tǒng zhì shí qī dǎ xià de zhèng zhì jī chǔ， suǒ yǐ táo wáng huí guó hòu， shòu dào běi yáng zhèng fǔ de jì xù zhòng yòng。 1920 nián céng rèn zhí jìn yún péng nèi gé cái zhèng cháng，
1921 nián 12 yuè 6 rì， zuò wéi chū xí huá shèng dùn huì yì dài biǎo gāo děng gù wèn zhōu zì qí diàn qǐng cí zhí， wéi hù liǎo guó jiā zhù quán。 1922 nián 4 yuè 8 rì， bèi xú shì chāng rèn mìng wéi shǔ lǐ nèi gé zǒng lǐ jiān jiào yù zǒng cháng。 tóng nián 6 yuè 2 rì zhì 6 yuè 11 rì， xú shì chāng bèi bī xià tái hòu， zhōu zì qí dài lǐng nèi gé gé yuán shè xíng dà zǒng tǒng zhí， bì miǎn liǎo zhōng guó de“ wú zhèng fǔ zhuàng tài”。
lí yuán hóng fù zhí hòu， zhōu dāng liǎo cái zhèng zhěng lǐ wěi yuán huì de guà míng zhí wù。 cǐ shí， tā duì zhèng zhì yǐ xīn huī yì lěng， suì tuì chū zhèng jiè， qù měi guó yóu lì。 qí jiān tā kǎo chá liǎo měi guó de diàn yǐng gōng yè， chóu bàn kǒng què diàn yǐng zhì piàn gōng sī。 tā yāo qǐng zhōng guó dì yī bù diàn yǐng nián jiàn de zhù biān chéng shù rén dān rèn yì zhì gōng zuò， yì zhì liǎo dì yī bù yǐngpiān《 lián huā nǚ》， zhè shì wài guó yǐngpiān pèi shàng zhōng wén zì mù de kāi duān， duì zhōng guó diàn yǐng yè de fā zhǎn jù yòu huàshídài de lì shǐ kāi chuàng yì yì。
cǐ wài， 1918 nián 2 yuè， tā hái cānyù chuàng bàn liǎo tiān jīn fú lún gōng xué； 1918 nián 12 yuè zhōu zì qí wéi nán kāi dà xué chuàng bàn rèn chóu 40 wàn yuán gōng zhài piào； 1920 nián 7 yuè， gǎi zǔ běi yáng bǎo shāng yínháng， rèn dǒng shì cháng； tóng nián， chuàng bàn zhōng guó jīng jì tǎo lùn chù， shí wéi zhōng guó jìn dài zhèng fǔ jīng jì diào chá zhī làn shāng； 1921 nián， tóu zī zǎo zhuāng kuàng qū zhōng xīng kuàng jú； zhōu zì qí duì jiā xiāng《 shànxiàn zhì》 de biān xiū jí wéi guān xīn， bìng yú 1922 nián 4 yuè juān zèng dà yáng yī qiān yuán， qīn rèn dū xiū； chéng wéi xīn zhōng guó chéng lì yǐ qián zuì wán bèi de shàn běn； zhōu zì qí shí fēn xǐ 'ài lǐ huáng de shī， qīn zì jiàodiǎn lǐ huáng《 méi lóu shī cún》， bìng biān yìn zuò bá。
1923 nián 10 yuè， zhōu zì qí zài shàng hǎi bìng gù， yí zàng yú běi jīng xī mén tóu gōu。
Chow (1871 ~ 1923) the word sub-yi, a single town Arch Street, who was born Bailiff family. His great-grandfather Zhou Ming Luen Jiaqing Jisi Enke Scholars, prepared after the chairman of Guangdong Road Patrol Leiqiong Bing; grandfather Zhouyu Gui, Qing dynasty, Leisure and scholars who, after the chairman of Guangdong Leizhou prefect. 1894 (two years of the Qing dynasty), he should Jingzhao trial, Deputy Provincial Examination Section Sunchon list. Former Legation Counsellor, Consul General, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Youcheng, Zuo Cheng, Shandong military governor and civil affairs chief, Bank of China president, finance minister, transport chief, Army General. March 1922, the Acting Prime Minister. June 2, 1922, a large photo presidency, is 11, Li reinstatement president, weeks out of politics. September 12, 1923, died in Beijing.
Appendix: the President of the Republic of weeks since a large photo of the legendary History of Qi
October 14, 1871, Chow was born in an official family, literary family. From his great-grandfather to grandfather Zhouyu Gui Zhou Ming Luen Scholars are born, the father of Guangdong Zhou Gao Xiu is an alternate inspection. According to legend, Zhou Qi was born that day from the winter snows First Clearing, the earth clad in silvery white, a quiet, mother soundly at night dream, dream of heaven, a Jixing burglary, suddenly, suddenly swarming with red, aroma-filled, a breath of the child, the father of his favor a plus, specially named "self-Qi" to "strict demands on themselves, Xian Xian and DLB to NCKU device." Zhou Gao Xiu 1873 after the death of his uncle from Qi Zhou Zhou Shaotang access to Guangdong support. This week since Qi is an important turning point in his life.
Into the political mission to safeguard Chinese interests abroad
Weeks since the Qi in Havana, Cuba acting as the Chinese embassy charge d'affaires, to safeguard national interests and the Chinese dignity, developed medieval tax, maintenance of the Chinese businessmen in Cuba legitimate rights and interests; as the United States, consular, for the abolition of U.S. abuse of Chinese workers treaty actively running, call the domestic and the United States, Chinese unanimously oppose renewal of abuse laborers treaties; in 1906, Chow was transferred to San Francisco Chinese Consul-General, the same year, the San Francisco earthquake, some overseas Chinese hard-hit, Chow personally take the lead in fund-raising, tumbled anti-China forces to help the Chinese overcame the difficulty by United States, widespread praise overseas.
The Qing government in June 1909 set up a tour aesthetics Services Department, Chow served as General Office; He also chaired the preparatory visit America graduated from Hall (later renamed the Tsinghua School), to hire teachers, students 460, where according to American standards on students short-term training, and then sent to America to study preferred. Tsinghua School on April 29, 1911 the official opening, Zhou Qi is the school's supervision since the (President). From the selected school site, purchase land, school construction, to the appointment of teachers, since Zhou Qi painstaking. Tsinghua University Tsinghua University School to the school after the 1911 Revolution. Zhou Qi can be said from the first president of Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University's illustrious reputation on the future have the power to create.
Yuan's view into the Association of Shandong captaincy career development support for Agriculture,
So Chow Yuan Why can enter the cabinet, and became deputy minister in key sectors?
Weeks from the office of Shandong Qi during the transition time when the inter-face, the whole political and social situation in Shandong shows complex chaos. He governance bandits, suppress mutiny Jinan Guard camp, developing the transport and distribution of Shandong bank notes, issued braids cut off approach to the establishment of Shandong branch of the Unity Party, accompanied by Sun Yat-sen visited Shandong, these actions for the Qing Dynasty just to bring politics in Shandong the new situation.
December 17, 1913, when he was chief of weeks since the full force of Traffic Support General's Office has joined the Universal Postal Union Postal mark the sovereign state of China has become the Post; in 1913, when he was finance minister in the weeks since the homogeneous broadening of the donor and the East, the construction of cloth lane road, the road to become the first city of Beijing is the first name of the street to alley; in 1915 when the incumbent chief of Agriculture and Commerce, to support the second, held in Shanghai in the Far East Games, Chinese athletes made outstanding achievements first ; Zhou Qi report from the President, the Ching Ming Festival is an annual Arbor Day, the designated locations, select the tree species, scheduled to participate in government agencies at all levels, and engage in tree planting at tree-planting ceremony. After that year on July 21 approved, a general order to follow the process on schedule.
December 6, 1921, attended the Washington meeting as a consultant on behalf of higher power, please weeks since Sarkozy to resign, to maintain the national sovereignty. April 8, 1922, was appointed Acting Prime Shichang and minister of education. The same year, June 2 to June 11, Shichang forced to step down after the week leading cabinet members from the homogeneous photo-line president level, to avoid China's "anarchy."
October 1923, Zhou Qi in Shanghai since died, was buried at Beijing West Mentougou shift.
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