南明 人物列表
朱由嵩 Zhu Youshong朱常洵 Zhu Changxun朱聿键 Zhu Yujian
朱聿镆 Zhu Yumo朱聿???? Zhu Yu朱常清 Zhu Changqing
朱由榔 Zhu Youlang定武帝 Ding Wudi朱以海 Zhu Yihai
朱常淓 Zhu Changfang朱慈烺 Zhu Cilang朱宇温 Zhu Yuwen
朱宙栐 Zhu Zhouyong朱硕熿 Zhu Shuohuang朱器墭 Zhu Qisheng
朱常瀛 Zhu Changying朱亨嘉 Zhu Hengjia
定武帝 Ding Wudi
南明  (1616年1664年)
姓:
名: 本铉
网笔号: 揆天显道知仁贞信德文奋武靖肃敦康元皇帝
庙号: 平宗
开端终结
在位1646年1664年
定武1646年1664年

  南明定武帝(1616年-1664年)其人是谁,到底存不存在,一直存在争议。顾诚《南明史》倾向为以讹传讹之虚构人物,以查继佐之《罪惟录》启其开端。野史中多认为是明朝宗室朱本铉,现代史学界则认为是朱元璋第十九子韩宪王之后朱亶塉。
  
  野史中关于定武帝的记载
  
  据野史记载,朱本铉是明朝宗室,世袭封为韩王。1646年,李自成部将郝永忠(又名郝摇旗)为联明抗清,推立他为帝,改年号为“定武”,因此朱本铉被称为定武帝
  
  朱本铉的定武小朝廷依靠农民军的支撑,先后活动于湖南、湖北、广西、四川一带,与清兵长期相抗衡,清军很难剿灭这个小朝廷,因此定武小朝廷也是南明中维持较长的一个政权。1663年,农民军进攻四川巫山时被明朝叛将吴三桂击败,郝永忠被俘杀。次年即定武十九年(1664年,清康熙三年),朱本铉死,定武帝之庙号为平宗,谥号为揆天显道知仁贞信德文奋武靖肃敦康元皇帝,在位19年,葬处不明。
  
  质疑
  以顾诚为代表的一些南明史学家质疑“朱本铉”的存在,认为是查继佐讹传,其论据主要包括:
  1. 郝摇旗是李自成部下,而非查继佐所说的张献忠部下;
  2. 郝永忠是隆武帝赐名,查继佐将其说成郝摇旗本名;由此可见查氏虽立志着史,但疏于查考。
  3. 明朝宗室中,韩王由朱元璋所赐的辈分排行用字为“冲范征偕旭,融谟朗璟逵,亶韶愉灏慥,令绪价蕃维”,无“本”字。在鲁王宗室辈分排行用字里有 “本”字(肇泰阳当健,观颐寿以弘,振举希兼达,康庄遇本宁),然而属于鲁荒王第十九世孙,而明亡时鲁府排行只延续到“以”字和“弘”字,不可能出现第十九世后人(出生于20世纪的中国前总理朱镕基尚仅为岷庄王第十七世孙)。郝摇旗营中确实曾有几位藩王,一位是东安王朱盛蒗(楚藩宗室),一位是通山王朱蕴釨(亦为楚藩宗室),另一位是“韩王”朱璟溧(出自韩王宗室,但非明朝册封)。
  
  以柳亚子为代表的另一派南明史学家则倾向于肯定朱本铉的存在,但所引资料多来自野史,尤其是全祖望、赵之谦撰写的《张苍水年谱》。
  
  孟森则考证定武帝应为朱亶塉。
  
  朱亶塉
  韩王朱亶塉(?-?),明朝第十一代韩王,追封庄王朱逵????的嫡第一子,追封简王朱璟浤的嫡长孙,端王朱朗锜的嫡曾长孙。他在万历三十八年(1610年)封韩世曾孙。次年(1611年)袭封韩王,他在位年间不详,而去世时间亦不详,无子,其后其叔祖朱璟溧嗣位。


  Emperor Ming set (1616 -1 664 years) the Who, in the end there is no deposit, has been controversial. Gu Cheng, "Ming Shi" tended to be repeated the baseless assertion of the fictional character in order to check Keisuke of "crime but recorded" Kai its beginning. Unofficial History of the Ming imperial family more than that of the Chu-hyun, the modern history of the academic view that the Constitution is the king of the emperor after the 19th son of Zhu Dan Han crest.
  Zhu Wu Xiao Zhaoting this hyun will rely on the support of peasant army, has activities in Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan area, and bowls to match long-term, difficult to destroy this Xiaochao Ting Qing, Wu Xiao Zhaoting is so determined to maintain than Ming length of a regime. 1663, farmers in Sichuan Wushan military attack when the Ming Dynasty Rebel Wu Sangui beat, Hao Yongzhong captured kill. The following year that will force 19 years (1664, three years of the Qing Emperor Kangxi), Zhu died this hyun, will be the posthumous names of Emperor Wu of the flat case, posthumous name was Road To understand a Premier day Sindhi Chen Su-Fen Wu Jing Yuan emperor Duikang in place for 19 years, buried for an unknown.
  1. Hao flag-waver is Li Zi Cheng subordinates, rather than check Keisuke said Zhang Xianzhong subordinates;
  Zi faction represented by historians tend Ming Zhu certainly the existence of this hyun, but the data cited are from unofficial, especially all Zuwang, Zhao Zhijian written "Zhang Cangshui Chronicle."
  Han Ming Wang Zhu Dan crest (?-?), tenth generation Korean king, bestowed Prince Zhuang Zhu Kui ???? the entropy of the first child, bestowed Hung-Chien Wang Jing Zhu's entropy grandson, Prince Tuan Long Zhu Qi's entropy has grandson. His eight years in Wanli 30 (1610) Han Feng Shi great-grandchildren. The following year (1611) Han Wang Xifeng, unknown years of his reign, while the death time is unknown, no children, then his granduncle Siwei Zhu Jing Li River.
    

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