南明 人物列錶
朱由嵩 Zhu Youshong朱常洵 Zhu Changxun朱聿鍵 Zhu Yujian
朱聿鏌 Zhu Yumo朱聿???? Zhu Yu朱常清 Zhu Changqing
朱由榔 Zhu Youlang定武帝 Ding Wudi朱以海 Zhu Yihai
朱常淓 Zhu Changfang朱慈烺 Zhu Cilang朱宇溫 Zhu Yuwen
朱宙栐 Zhu Zhouyong朱碩熿 Zhu Shuohuang朱器墭 Zhu Qisheng
朱常瀛 Zhu Changying朱亨嘉 Zhu Hengjia
定武帝 Ding Wudi
南明  (1616年1664年)
姓:
名: 本鉉
網筆號: 揆天顯道知仁貞信德文奮武靖肅敦康元皇帝
廟號: 平宗
開端終結
在位1646年1664年
定武1646年1664年

  南明定武帝(1616年-1664年)其人是誰,到底存不存在,一直存在爭議。顧誠《南明史》傾嚮為以訛傳訛之虛構人物,以查繼佐之《罪惟錄》啓其開端。野史中多認為是明朝宗室朱本鉉,現代史學界則認為是朱元璋第十九子韓憲王之後朱亶塉。
  
  野史中關於定武帝的記載
  
  據野史記載,朱本鉉是明朝宗室,世襲封為韓王。1646年,李自成部將郝永忠(又名郝搖旗)為聯明抗清,推立他為帝,改年號為“定武”,因此朱本鉉被稱為定武帝
  
  朱本鉉的定武小朝廷依靠農民軍的支撐,先後活動於湖南、湖北、廣西、四川一帶,與清兵長期相抗衡,清軍很難剿滅這個小朝廷,因此定武小朝廷也是南明中維持較長的一個政權。1663年,農民軍進攻四川巫山時被明朝叛將吳三桂擊敗,郝永忠被俘殺。次年即定武十九年(1664年,清康熙三年),朱本鉉死,定武帝之廟號為平宗,謚號為揆天顯道知仁貞信德文奮武靖肅敦康元皇帝,在位19年,葬處不明。
  
  質疑
  以顧誠為代表的一些南明史學家質疑“朱本鉉”的存在,認為是查繼佐訛傳,其論據主要包括:
  1. 郝搖旗是李自成部下,而非查繼佐所說的張獻忠部下;
  2. 郝永忠是隆武帝賜名,查繼佐將其說成郝搖旗本名;由此可見查氏雖立志着史,但疏於查考。
  3. 明朝宗室中,韓王由朱元璋所賜的輩分排行用字為“衝範徵偕旭,融謨朗璟逵,亶韶愉灝慥,令緒價蕃維”,無“本”字。在魯王宗室輩分排行用字裏有 “本”字(肇泰陽當健,觀頤壽以弘,振舉希兼達,康莊遇本寧),然而屬於魯荒王第十九世孫,而明亡時魯府排行衹延續到“以”字和“弘”字,不可能出現第十九世後人(出生於20世紀的中國前總理朱鎔基尚僅為岷莊王第十七世孫)。郝搖旗營中確實曾有幾位藩王,一位是東安王朱盛蒗(楚藩宗室),一位是通山王朱藴釨(亦為楚藩宗室),另一位是“韓王”朱璟溧(出自韓王宗室,但非明朝册封)。
  
  以柳亞子為代表的另一派南明史學家則傾嚮於肯定朱本鉉的存在,但所引資料多來自野史,尤其是全祖望、趙之謙撰寫的《張蒼水年譜》。
  
  孟森則考證定武帝應為朱亶塉。
  
  朱亶塉
  韓王朱亶塉(?-?),明朝第十一代韓王,追封莊王朱逵????的嫡第一子,追封簡王朱璟浤的嫡長孫,端王朱朗錡的嫡曾長孫。他在萬歷三十八年(1610年)封韓世曾孫。次年(1611年)襲封韓王,他在位年間不詳,而去世時間亦不詳,無子,其後其叔祖朱璟溧嗣位。


  Emperor Ming set (1616 -1 664 years) the Who, in the end there is no deposit, has been controversial. Gu Cheng, "Ming Shi" tended to be repeated the baseless assertion of the fictional character in order to check Keisuke of "crime but recorded" Kai its beginning. Unofficial History of the Ming imperial family more than that of the Chu-hyun, the modern history of the academic view that the Constitution is the king of the emperor after the 19th son of Zhu Dan Han crest.
  Zhu Wu Xiao Zhaoting this hyun will rely on the support of peasant army, has activities in Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan area, and bowls to match long-term, difficult to destroy this Xiaochao Ting Qing, Wu Xiao Zhaoting is so determined to maintain than Ming length of a regime. 1663, farmers in Sichuan Wushan military attack when the Ming Dynasty Rebel Wu Sangui beat, Hao Yongzhong captured kill. The following year that will force 19 years (1664, three years of the Qing Emperor Kangxi), Zhu died this hyun, will be the posthumous names of Emperor Wu of the flat case, posthumous name was Road To understand a Premier day Sindhi Chen Su-Fen Wu Jing Yuan emperor Duikang in place for 19 years, buried for an unknown.
  1. Hao flag-waver is Li Zi Cheng subordinates, rather than check Keisuke said Zhang Xianzhong subordinates;
  Zi faction represented by historians tend Ming Zhu certainly the existence of this hyun, but the data cited are from unofficial, especially all Zuwang, Zhao Zhijian written "Zhang Cangshui Chronicle."
  Han Ming Wang Zhu Dan crest (?-?), tenth generation Korean king, bestowed Prince Zhuang Zhu Kui ???? the entropy of the first child, bestowed Hung-Chien Wang Jing Zhu's entropy grandson, Prince Tuan Long Zhu Qi's entropy has grandson. His eight years in Wanli 30 (1610) Han Feng Shi great-grandchildren. The following year (1611) Han Wang Xifeng, unknown years of his reign, while the death time is unknown, no children, then his granduncle Siwei Zhu Jing Li River.
    

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