元朝民变 人物列表
杨振龙 Yang Zhenlong林桂芳 Lin Guifang赵良???? Zhao Lianglei
陈吊眼 Chen Diaoyan陈空崖 Chen Kongya苏锦娘 Su Jinnian
黄华 Huang Hua杜可用 Du Keyong朱光卿 Zhu Guangqing
陈吊眼 Chen Diaoyan
元朝民变  (?1281年1282年)
姓:
名: 大举
籍贯: 漳浦县安仁乡海滨里白叶峒
开端终结
在位1281年1282年
昌泰1281年8月1281年11月

  宋末元初,漳浦县南诏地方,有一支驰骋闽南、粤东,震动元朝统治,坚持斗争达6年之久的农民起义军,他的首领叫做陈吊眼
  陈吊眼,又名陈大举,漳浦县安仁乡海滨里白叶峒(今诏安县太平白叶村)人。家世业农,父亲陈文桂,为人刚正,乡里敬重。母亲为畲民妇,勤苦持家。家中还有一个小妹妹。兄妹还在孩提时,母亲即死于瘟疾。因其家穷,陈吊眼十五岁起,即于每年农闲季节随父远出,贩盐闽赣山区。在父亲的带领下,他吃大苦、耐大劳;磨砺心志,增长见识。同时,也结识了一些江湖俊杰:如许夫人、陈三官、罗半天、李国祥和王猛虎等。他们人穷志坚,肝胆相照。平时互通音讯,保持着一定的联系。
  陈吊眼年刚十七,父亲因率众抗粮、击杀衙役、痛打贪官,闯下了一场大祸。官腐派兵抄了他的家。他爹忍痛抛下儿女,外逃出亡。从此,杳无音讯。家中兄妹两人相依为命,在高租重税的盘剥下,当牛做马,勤苦过活。
  由于苦难生活的磨炼,陈吊眼练成一身好本领。他刚胆义性,豪侠为人,深为张人爱戴。妹妹陈吊花(人多爱称为陈吊妹)聪明敏慧,矜淑能干,远近群众也深为赞许。
  那时候,正是南宋末期,元军大举南侵。1276年临安陷落。接着福建出现了拉锯状态。战火所及,一片废墟,元军到处,烧杀抢掠。直逼得人民走投无路.陈吊眼兄妹早已蕴蓄着反抗的怒火。1277年夏初,便挺身而出,率领附近各乡的贫苦农民,举行了武装起义。
  由于当时漳属各县和闽粤边境一带,畲汉杂居。为了加强团结,壮大力量,陈吊眼提出了“穷苦人同命运,畲汉一家亲”的口号,动员各地农民,不分畲汉,共同起来铲除残暴,荡尽不平。陈吊妹倔强英俊,她冲决了封建礼教的束缚,也发出“女流杀敌赛男子”的豪言壮语,召唤苦难的姐妹们起来参加起义军。一时间,畲汉农民不分男女,纷纷起义响应,起义军努力迅速发展。
  潮州一带的畲汉农民闻风而起,在他们的首领许夫人的领导下也发动了起义。陈吊眼派人联络,两军会台,军威大震,“势力遍及漳、汀、潮一带,号十万众,连营数百里”(《元史·世祖本纪》)。起义军所到之处,严惩贪污、诛杀残暴、开仓散谷,深得群众的拥护。
  这时候文天祥已由元营亡归,他以右丞相兼知枢密院事,都督诸路兵马,聚兵南剑(今福建南平市),号召天下俊杰,起兵勤王,共抗元番。陈吊眼得讯之后,经过一番商议,决定助宋抗元。
  1278年夏,陈吊眼率领大军积极帮助文天祥击退元军,进取赣南。不久,他又亲率义军与张世杰的王师配合,围攻泉州。由于元军大举入闽,王师败退广东。陈吊眼独力难支,也从泉州撤围退守寨堡。
  1280年8月,陈吊眼乘福建元军攻入广东,力量空虚,各地义民重又蜂起的时机,全力出击。他们如猛虎下山,一鼓而攻下漳州,诛杀元朝漳州守将傅全、万户府知事阚文兴和一批罪大恶极的贪残官绅,为民除害。同时,下令开仓散谷,拯救贫苦百姓,出榜安民。
  这是,由于帝 已死,南宋已亡,为了图谋大计,便于号召,陈吊眼以“复宋”为名,封王自立,年号“昌泰”,“借大宋之名鼓舞人心”(《铁函心史》)。号召人民起来进行抗元斗争。在陈吊王的号召下,各地农民起义依附的日益增多。义军势力又遍及汀、漳一带。控制了整个闽西和间南。这时闽北黄华也举义反元。元廷在福建的统治被根本动摇。
  为了镇压福建反元起义。1280年秋、冬之际。元军回师福建。元将唆都亲率精兵两千多人,长驱直入,进到南诏乌山南麓的湖内村一带,向起义军营寨发动猛攻。陈吊妹指挥义军智败唆都,全歼元军。唆都负伤涉水,仅以身免,因其败绩,被元廷革职罢官。
  “湖内之役”震动元廷,元世祖加封完者都为镇国上将军征闽都之帅,高兴为副帅,统率大军急速入闽。他们采取了剿抚兼施和各个击破的策略。经过一番苦战之后,陈吊眼起义军又重陷困境。他接受妹妹的建议,放弃漳州,退守各营寨,进行艰苦的守卫战。
  守卫战坚持了一年多。1282年,陈吊眼的叔父陈桂龙,因忍受不了艰苦,又看到前途无望,于是动摇变节,暗通元军。陈吊眼受其蒙蔽,信其馋言,于是年的10月15日,错杀了妹妹,大举发兵突围。突围战十分酷烈。但由于中了奸计,结果全军覆灭,陈吊眼也壮烈牺牲在千壁岭上。
  陈吊眼突围失败以后,留在原来山区根据地的部将李国祥、王猛虎等仍然坚持斗争,后来还曾一度出击,攻陷南诏屯(即未筑城前的诏安县城区)。他们坚持斗争前后达六十余年之久。
  宋末元初,陈吊眼领导的闽西南畲汉农民起义,坚持了畲汉一家亲,建立过农民政权,斗争达六年之久,势力遍及闽粤两省大部分地区,在我国革命史上写下了光辉的一页。(来源 谢绍美 漳客网)


  Chen hanging eye, also known as Chen massive, Zhangpu County, Township, Seaside Village Anren white leaf Cave (now Zhaoan Pacific white leaf village) people. Family History of Agricultural, father Chen Wengui, upright man, respected village. Women mothers She people, hard-working household. There is also a little sister at home. Brother and sister are still a child, his mother died of epidemic disease that is. Because of their poor family, Chen hanging eye 15 years of age, that his father each year, far out of the slack season, traders salt mountain in Fujian and Jiangxi. Under the leadership of his father, he ate a large hard, anti-big labor; tempered aspirations, enrich their knowledge. Also met a number of rivers and lakes Junjie: If Ms. Xu, Chen Sanguan, Luo half, Li Guoxiang and Wang tigers, etc.. Chi-kin, they were poor, with utter sincerity. Exchange of audio usually maintain a certain amount of contact.
  At that time, it is the late Southern Song, Yuan massive army southward invasion. Lin'an fall of 1276. Then there was the see-saw state of Fujian. Fighting spreads rubble, Yuan Jun everywhere, burning and looting. Almost equal to get the people desperate. Chen hanging eyes against the brother and sister already carry your anger. Early summer 1277, will come forward and lead the poor peasants near the township, at an armed uprising.
  Wen Tianxiang, this time owned by the element death camps, the prime minister and he knows the right thing the Privy Council, the military governor Zhu Lu soldiers and horses, soldiers south of Poly sword (now Fujian Nanping City), Paul Kennedy call for the world, raised his army, loyalist, were anti-Yuan Fan. Chen was suspended after an eye, after some deliberation, decided to help the Yuan Song.
  This is because God is dead, the Southern Song Dynasty have been killed, in order to attempt to plan, facilitate the call, Chen hanging eye to "recover the Song Dynasty" in the name, seal WANG Zi, reign, "Cheong Tai", "Great song by the name of encouraging" ( "History of Iron Heart Letter"). Call people up to the Yuan. Chen's call for lifting the king, the peasant uprisings throughout the growing dependence. Volunteer army forces in over Ting, Zhang area. Control of the western Fujian, and between the south. Huang also held in northern Fujian time anti-sense element. Yuan Ting in Fujian was not shaken the ruling.
  Guard war persist more than a year. 1282, Chen Chen Guilong hanging eye uncle, because he could not bear hard, they see no future, then shake the apostasy, the dark element army. Chen hanging eyes deceived, the letter made its greedy, so year on October 15, Cuosha a sister, massive hair troops break through. Breakthrough is very severe and cruel war. But because of the treacherous, the results army collapsing, Chen also died a heroic death in the eye hanging wall of boulders and 1000.
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