元朝民變 人物列錶
楊振竜 Yang Zhenlong林桂芳 Lin Guifang趙良???? Zhao Lianglei
陳吊眼 Chen Diaoyan陳空崖 Chen Kongya蘇錦娘 Su Jinnian
黃華 Huang Hua杜可用 Du Keyong朱光卿 Zhu Guangqing
陳吊眼 Chen Diaoyan
元朝民變  (?1281年1282年)
姓:
名: 大舉
籍貫: 漳浦縣安仁鄉海濱裏白葉峒
開端終結
在位1281年1282年
昌泰1281年八月1281年十一月

  宋末元初,漳浦縣南詔地方,有一支馳騁閩南、粵東,震動元朝統治,堅持鬥爭達6年之久的農民起義軍,他的首領叫做陳吊眼
  陳吊眼,又名陳大舉,漳浦縣安仁鄉海濱裏白葉峒(今詔安縣太平白葉村)人。傢世業農,父親陳文桂,為人剛正,鄉裏敬重。母親為畲民婦,勤苦持傢。傢中還有一個小妹妹。兄妹還在孩提時,母親即死於瘟疾。因其傢窮,陳吊眼十五歲起,即於每年農閑季節隨父遠出,販????閩贛山區。在父親的帶領下,他吃大苦、耐大勞;磨礪心志,增長見識。同時,也結識了一些江湖俊傑:如許夫人、陳三官、羅半天、李國祥和王猛虎等。他們人窮志堅,肝膽相照。平時互通音訊,保持着一定的聯繫。
  陳吊眼年剛十七,父親因率衆抗糧、擊殺衙役、痛打貪官,闖下了一場大禍。官腐派兵抄了他的傢。他爹忍痛拋下兒女,外逃出亡。從此,杳無音訊。傢中兄妹兩人相依為命,在高租重稅的盤剝下,當牛做馬,勤苦過活。
  由於苦難生活的磨煉,陳吊眼練成一身好本領。他剛膽義性,豪俠為人,深為張人愛戴。妹妹陳吊花(人多愛稱為陳吊妹)聰明敏慧,矜淑能幹,遠近群衆也深為贊許。
  那時候,正是南宋末期,元軍大舉南侵。1276年臨安陷落。接着福建出現了拉鋸狀態。戰火所及,一片廢墟,元軍到處,燒殺搶掠。直逼得人民走投無路.陳吊眼兄妹早已藴蓄着反抗的怒火。1277年夏初,便挺身而出,率領附近各鄉的貧苦農民,舉行了武裝起義。
  由於當時漳屬各縣和閩粵邊境一帶,畲漢雜居。為了加強團结,壯大力量,陳吊眼提出了“窮苦人同命運,畲漢一傢親”的口號,動員各地農民,不分畲漢,共同起來鏟除殘暴,蕩盡不平。陳吊妹倔強英俊,她衝决了封建禮教的束縛,也發出“女流殺敵賽男子”的豪言壯語,召喚苦難的姐妹們起來參加起義軍。一時間,畲漢農民不分男女,紛紛起義響應,起義軍努力迅速發展。
  潮州一帶的畲漢農民聞風而起,在他們的首領許夫人的領導下也發動了起義。陳吊眼派人聯絡,兩軍會臺,軍威大震,“勢力遍及漳、汀、潮一帶,號十萬衆,連營數百裏”(《元史·世祖本紀》)。起義軍所到之處,嚴懲貪污、誅殺殘暴、開倉散𠔌,深得群衆的擁護。
  這時候文天祥已由元營亡歸,他以右丞相兼知樞密院事,都督諸路兵馬,聚兵南劍(今福建南平市),號召天下俊傑,起兵勤王,共抗元番。陳吊眼得訊之後,經過一番商議,决定助宋抗元。
  1278年夏,陳吊眼率領大軍積極幫助文天祥擊退元軍,進取贛南。不久,他又親率義軍與張世傑的王師配合,圍攻泉州。由於元軍大舉入閩,王師敗退廣東。陳吊眼獨力難支,也從泉州撤圍退守寨堡。
  1280年8月,陳吊眼乘福建元軍攻入廣東,力量空虛,各地義民重又蜂起的時機,全力出擊。他們如猛虎下山,一鼓而攻下漳州,誅殺元朝漳州守將傅全、萬戶府知事闞文興和一批罪大惡極的貪殘官紳,為民除害。同時,下令開倉散𠔌,拯救貧苦百姓,出榜安民。
  這是,由於帝 已死,南宋已亡,為了圖謀大計,便於號召,陳吊眼以“復宋”為名,封王自立,年號“昌泰”,“藉大宋之名鼓舞人心”(《鐵函心史》)。號召人民起來進行抗元鬥爭。在陳吊王的號召下,各地農民起義依附的日益增多。義軍勢力又遍及汀、漳一帶。控製了整個閩西和間南。這時閩北黃華也舉義反元。元廷在福建的統治被根本動搖。
  為了鎮壓福建反元起義。1280年秋、鼕之際。元軍回師福建。元將唆都親率精兵兩千多人,長驅直入,進到南詔烏山南麓的湖內村一帶,嚮起義軍營寨發動猛攻。陳吊妹指揮義軍智敗唆都,全殲元軍。唆都負傷涉水,僅以身免,因其敗績,被元廷革職罷官。
  “湖內之役”震動元廷,元世祖加封完者都為鎮國上將軍徵閩都之帥,高興為副帥,統率大軍急速入閩。他們采取了剿撫兼施和各個擊破的策略。經過一番苦戰之後,陳吊眼起義軍又重陷睏境。他接受妹妹的建議,放棄漳州,退守各營寨,進行艱苦的守衛戰。
  守衛戰堅持了一年多。1282年,陳吊眼的叔父陳桂竜,因忍受不了艱苦,又看到前途無望,於是動搖變節,暗通元軍。陳吊眼受其蒙蔽,信其饞言,於是年的10月15日,錯殺了妹妹,大舉發兵突圍。突圍戰十分酷烈。但由於中了姦計,結果全軍覆滅,陳吊眼也壯烈犧牲在千壁嶺上。
  陳吊眼突圍失敗以後,留在原來山區根據地的部將李國祥、王猛虎等仍然堅持鬥爭,後來還曾一度出擊,攻陷南詔屯(即未築城前的詔安縣城區)。他們堅持鬥爭前後達六十餘年之久。
  宋末元初,陳吊眼領導的閩西南畲漢農民起義,堅持了畲漢一傢親,建立過農民政權,鬥爭達六年之久,勢力遍及閩粵兩省大部分地區,在我國革命史上寫下了光輝的一頁。(來源 謝紹美 漳客網)


  Chen hanging eye, also known as Chen massive, Zhangpu County, Township, Seaside Village Anren white leaf Cave (now Zhaoan Pacific white leaf village) people. Family History of Agricultural, father Chen Wengui, upright man, respected village. Women mothers She people, hard-working household. There is also a little sister at home. Brother and sister are still a child, his mother died of epidemic disease that is. Because of their poor family, Chen hanging eye 15 years of age, that his father each year, far out of the slack season, traders salt mountain in Fujian and Jiangxi. Under the leadership of his father, he ate a large hard, anti-big labor; tempered aspirations, enrich their knowledge. Also met a number of rivers and lakes Junjie: If Ms. Xu, Chen Sanguan, Luo half, Li Guoxiang and Wang tigers, etc.. Chi-kin, they were poor, with utter sincerity. Exchange of audio usually maintain a certain amount of contact.
  At that time, it is the late Southern Song, Yuan massive army southward invasion. Lin'an fall of 1276. Then there was the see-saw state of Fujian. Fighting spreads rubble, Yuan Jun everywhere, burning and looting. Almost equal to get the people desperate. Chen hanging eyes against the brother and sister already carry your anger. Early summer 1277, will come forward and lead the poor peasants near the township, at an armed uprising.
  Wen Tianxiang, this time owned by the element death camps, the prime minister and he knows the right thing the Privy Council, the military governor Zhu Lu soldiers and horses, soldiers south of Poly sword (now Fujian Nanping City), Paul Kennedy call for the world, raised his army, loyalist, were anti-Yuan Fan. Chen was suspended after an eye, after some deliberation, decided to help the Yuan Song.
  This is because God is dead, the Southern Song Dynasty have been killed, in order to attempt to plan, facilitate the call, Chen hanging eye to "recover the Song Dynasty" in the name, seal WANG Zi, reign, "Cheong Tai", "Great song by the name of encouraging" ( "History of Iron Heart Letter"). Call people up to the Yuan. Chen's call for lifting the king, the peasant uprisings throughout the growing dependence. Volunteer army forces in over Ting, Zhang area. Control of the western Fujian, and between the south. Huang also held in northern Fujian time anti-sense element. Yuan Ting in Fujian was not shaken the ruling.
  Guard war persist more than a year. 1282, Chen Chen Guilong hanging eye uncle, because he could not bear hard, they see no future, then shake the apostasy, the dark element army. Chen hanging eyes deceived, the letter made its greedy, so year on October 15, Cuosha a sister, massive hair troops break through. Breakthrough is very severe and cruel war. But because of the treacherous, the results army collapsing, Chen also died a heroic death in the eye hanging wall of boulders and 1000.
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