元代  (1320年～1370年)

姓：	孛儿只斤
名：	妥欢贴睦尔
网笔号：	宣仁普孝皇帝
庙号：	惠宗
开端 终结 在位 1333年 1370年 元统 1333年10月 1335年11月 至元 1335年11月 1340年 至正 1341年 1370年 

　　元惠宗妥欢贴睦尔（1320年－1370年5月23日），又称元顺帝（死后元朝庙号为惠宗，明朝谥号为顺帝），于1320年出生，1370年去世于应昌，是元朝的最后一位皇帝，也是北元的第一位皇帝，在位时间是从1333年6月至1370年。明太祖认为他顺天应人，给他上一个“顺帝”的谥号，但北迁的元朝廷并未接受此谥号，而另上谥号宣仁普孝皇帝。他的蒙古文谥号则为乌哈噶图可汗（Uqayatu Qaγan）。
　　
　　元惠宗是元明宗的长子，元武宗的长孙，至顺元年（1330年）他的母亲被杀，他被驱逐，首先被驱逐到高丽，后来到广西静江（今桂林）。至顺三年（1332年）十一月，元宁宗逝世，太后卜答失里坚持弃子立侄，下令立妥欢贴睦尔为皇帝，受到左丞相钦察人燕帖木儿反对，因此一直到次年六月才继位。元统三年（1335年），燕帖木儿的儿子唐其势阴谋推翻元惠宗，另立文宗义子答剌海。右丞相伯颜粉碎唐其势叛乱，但从此他的势力大增，把持着朝政，甚至一度不把元惠宗放在眼里。伯颜采取排挤汉人的政策，如禁止汉人参政、取消科举、不许汉人学蒙古语等，这些做法加深了汉蒙两族之间的不和，也使得元惠宗更加不满。至元五年（1340年）底，在伯颜之侄脱脱的帮助下，元惠宗罢免并流放伯颜，并废黜文宗子燕帖古思，消除了夺权隐患，控制了政局。至正一年（1341年）脱脱为相，大改伯颜旧政，复科举取士。至正三年（1343年），元惠宗下令修撰《辽史》、《金史》、《宋史》三史，由右丞相脱脱（后改由阿鲁图）主持，于至正五年（1345年）修成。又颁《至正修格》。史称“至正新政”。
　　
　　后期怠于政事，荒于游宴，学“行房中运气之术”，有匠材，能制金人玉女自动报时器。又造宫漏，“其精巧绝出，人谓前代所罕有”，史称“鲁班天子”。至正十年（1350年）国内发生通货膨胀，加上为了治水（当时因黄河水灾频繁，元惠宗下令右丞相脱脱遏黄河回故道以整治水患）加重了徭役，导致至正十一年（1351年）红巾军起义。虽然1362年元军获得很大战果，但由于起义军的势力已经很大，朝廷内部又发生皇帝和皇太子（即后来即位的元昭宗）两派之间的明争暗斗，因此元惠宗无法有效地控制政局，而在外的各行省的将领有时也各行其是，不听中央统一指挥。这一切给朱元璋提供了巩固其地位的机会。
　　
　　至正二十八年（1368年）朱元璋建立明朝，统一南方，责令北伐，徐达率领的军队逼近大都，元惠宗夜半开大都的建德门北奔，首先逃往上都，后逃往应昌。他在那里两次组织兵力试图收复大都，但都被明朝军队击败，于洪武三年（1370年）因痢疾在应昌（今内蒙古克什克胜旗达里诺尔西南）去世。
　　
　　轶闻
　　后世盛传元顺帝妥欢帖睦尔为宋恭帝之子。元文宗曾布告中外，“言明宗在朔漠之时，素谓（妥欢帖睦尔）非其己子。”遂徙于高丽，后迁静江。元末明初人权衡撰《庚申外史》，谓瀛国公驻锡甘州山寺（元时称十字寺，即张掖大佛寺）时，封地位于汪古部旧地及居延一带的赵王曾以一回回女子与之（即顺帝生母迈来迪）。延祐七年四月，回回女生一男子。时值武宗长子周王和世琜（即位后为元明宗）流亡西北，过甘州山寺，见瀛国公幼子，“大喜，因求为子，并其母载以归”。明代以后，此说遂成确论。至清代，四库提要认为此说乃宋遗民伪造，明人“附会而盛传之”，“核以事实，渺无可据，实为荒诞之尤，非信史也”。”近时学者有谓瀛国公在移驻甘州之前，可能居于谦州吉利吉思地界（今叶尼塞河上游）。当时周王和世琜自陕西至岭北过金山（阿尔泰山），流亡于察合台后王封地，地理上与谦州接近，因此有相见赠子的可能。

　　Yuan Ming Yuan Hui cases were the eldest son of yuan Takemune's grandson, to smooth the first year (1330) his mother was killed, he was deported, first to be deported to Korea, came to Guangxi Jing Jiang (now Guilin). To shun three years (in 1332) in November, Yuan Zong Ning death, Empress Pu A missing child in abandoned adhere to established nephew, ordered the legislature properly Mu Er Huan posted for the emperor, were left to the prime minister Kipchak people Yantiemuer against So until the next year in June before the throne. Yuan Tong three years (1335), the son of Don Yantiemuer its potential benefits were conspiring to overthrow the Yuan, Wen-tsung, Yoshiko A separate stab the sea. Right prime minister, Tang Yan and crush the rebel forces, but from his power greatly increased, control the affairs of state, even once benefits were not given due respect to the element. Yan and Han Chinese exclusion to the policy, such as the prohibition of Han Chinese politics, abolition of examination, and not to learn Mongolian, Han Chinese and so on, these practices have deepened between Chinese and Mongol does not and, also makes dollars were more satisfied with benefits. Yuan five years (in 1340) the end of the Yan and nephew Tuotuo the help of the element were removed and exiled Bo Yan Hui and Yan posts sub Wenzong deposed Guth, eliminate hidden dangers to seize power to control the political situation. To positive year (1341) Tuotuo as phase, major changes in the Yan and the old regime, complex imperial examination. To positive three years (1343), Yuan Hui were ordered Xiuzhuan "Liao History", "Golden History", "History of Song," Historians, from right prime minister Tuotuo (later replaced by Aru map) hosted in five to positive year (1345) marble. Also awarded "to positive Sjogren." Known to history "to positive New Deal."
　　Anecdotal
　　Huan Yuan Shun, who favored due later rumored quote Harmony Hill is the son of Song Emperor Gong. Yuan Wen-tsung, who notices and foreign, "implicit in the Shuomo time, prime that (properly Mu Er Huan posts) Non their own child." Then resettlement in Korea, then moved to Seiko. Yuan and Ming were weighed Piece "Gengshen Unofficial History", that the residence of Ganzhou of Public Ying Temple (Temple of dollars, said Cross, the Grand Buddha Temple in Zhangye), the manor is located in the Department of Wang ancient land and Bamboo in the vicinity of the old Zhao Zeng Yi back and forth with a woman (or a step mother to Shun, who favored Di). Yan Yu's, Man Hui girls. A time when the eldest son of Zhou Dynasty and the world Takemune Lai ('s reign, the Yuan Ming cases), the Northwest exile, had Ganzhou Temple, see Ying State Public youngest son, "overjoyed, because demand for the child and his mother set to go." After the Ming Dynasty, as does this say then on. To the Qing Dynasty, Siku summary said that this is false Song Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, "will be attached to the rumors of", "Nuclear facts, Miao no It is indeed absurd in particular, non-messenger also." "Over time that scholars have moved to Ganzhou Ying country before the public in may states Jilijisi Home Yu Qian boundary (this Yenisei River upstream). When Zhou Wang and Shi Lai Guo Jinshan from Shaanxi to Lingbei (Altai) , after the king in exile in Chagatai manor, with modest state geographically close to each other so there is the possibility of sub-grants.