元代  (1320年～1370年)

姓：	孛兒衹斤
名：	妥歡貼睦爾
網筆號：	宣仁普孝皇帝
廟號：	惠宗
開端 終結 在位 1333年 1370年 元统 1333年十月 1335年十一月 至元 1335年十一月 1340年 至正 1341年 1370年 

　　元惠宗妥歡貼睦爾（1320年－1370年5月23日），又稱元順帝（死後元朝廟號為惠宗，明朝謚號為順帝），於1320年出生，1370年去世於應昌，是元朝的最後一位皇帝，也是北元的第一位皇帝，在位時間是從1333年6月至1370年。明太祖認為他順天應人，給他上一個“順帝”的謚號，但北遷的元朝廷並未接受此謚號，而另上謚號宣仁普孝皇帝。他的蒙古文謚號則為烏哈噶圖可汗（Uqayatu Qaγan）。
　　
　　元惠宗是元明宗的長子，元武宗的長孫，至順元年（1330年）他的母親被殺，他被驅逐，首先被驅逐到高麗，後來到廣西靜江（今桂林）。至順三年（1332年）十一月，元寧宗逝世，太後卜答失裏堅持棄子立侄，下令立妥歡貼睦爾為皇帝，受到左丞相欽察人燕帖木兒反對，因此一直到次年六月纔繼位。元統三年（1335年），燕帖木兒的兒子唐其勢陰謀推翻元惠宗，另立文宗義子答剌海。右丞相伯顔粉碎唐其勢叛亂，但從此他的勢力大增，把持着朝政，甚至一度不把元惠宗放在眼裏。伯顔采取排擠漢人的政策，如禁止漢人參政、取消科舉、不許漢人學蒙古語等，這些做法加深了漢蒙兩族之間的不和，也使得元惠宗更加不滿。至元五年（1340年）底，在伯顔之侄脫脫的幫助下，元惠宗罷免並流放伯顔，並廢黜文宗子燕帖古思，消除了奪權隱患，控製了政局。至正一年（1341年）脫脫為相，大改伯顔舊政，復科舉取士。至正三年（1343年），元惠宗下令修撰《遼史》、《金史》、《宋史》三史，由右丞相脫脫（後改由阿魯圖）主持，於至正五年（1345年）修成。又頒《至正修格》。史稱“至正新政”。
　　
　　後期怠於政事，荒於遊宴，學“行房中運氣之術”，有匠材，能製金人玉女自動報時器。又造宮漏，“其精巧絶出，人謂前代所罕有”，史稱“魯班天子”。至正十年（1350年）國內發生通貨膨脹，加上為了治水（當時因黃河水災頻繁，元惠宗下令右丞相脫脫遏黃河回故道以整治水患）加重了徭役，導致至正十一年（1351年）紅巾軍起義。雖然1362年元軍獲得很大戰果，但由於起義軍的勢力已經很大，朝廷內部又發生皇帝和皇太子（即後來即位的元昭宗）兩派之間的明爭暗鬥，因此元惠宗無法有效地控製政局，而在外的各行省的將領有時也各行其是，不聽中央統一指揮。這一切給朱元璋提供了鞏固其地位的機會。
　　
　　至正二十八年（1368年）朱元璋建立明朝，統一南方，責令北伐，徐達率領的軍隊逼近大都，元惠宗夜半開大都的建德門北奔，首先逃往上都，後逃往應昌。他在那裏兩次組織兵力試圖收復大都，但都被明朝軍隊擊敗，於洪武三年（1370年）因痢疾在應昌（今內蒙古剋什剋勝旗達裏諾爾西南）去世。
　　
　　軼聞
　　後世盛傳元順帝妥歡帖睦爾為宋恭帝之子。元文宗曾佈告中外，“言明宗在朔漠之時，素謂（妥歡帖睦爾）非其己子。”遂徙於高麗，後遷靜江。元末明初人權衡撰《庚申外史》，謂瀛國公駐錫甘州山寺（元時稱十字寺，即張掖大佛寺）時，封地位於汪古部舊地及居延一帶的趙王曾以一回回女子與之（即順帝生母邁來迪）。延祐七年四月，回回女生一男子。時值武宗長子周王和世琜（即位後為元明宗）流亡西北，過甘州山寺，見瀛國公幼子，“大喜，因求為子，並其母載以歸”。明代以後，此說遂成確論。至清代，四庫提要認為此說乃宋遺民偽造，明人“附會而盛傳之”，“核以事實，渺無可據，實為荒誕之尤，非信史也”。”近時學者有謂瀛國公在移駐甘州之前，可能居於謙州吉利吉思地界（今葉尼塞河上遊）。當時周王和世琜自陝西至嶺北過金山（阿爾泰山），流亡於察合臺後王封地，地理上與謙州接近，因此有相見贈子的可能。

　　Yuan Ming Yuan Hui cases were the eldest son of yuan Takemune's grandson, to smooth the first year (1330) his mother was killed, he was deported, first to be deported to Korea, came to Guangxi Jing Jiang (now Guilin). To shun three years (in 1332) in November, Yuan Zong Ning death, Empress Pu A missing child in abandoned adhere to established nephew, ordered the legislature properly Mu Er Huan posted for the emperor, were left to the prime minister Kipchak people Yantiemuer against So until the next year in June before the throne. Yuan Tong three years (1335), the son of Don Yantiemuer its potential benefits were conspiring to overthrow the Yuan, Wen-tsung, Yoshiko A separate stab the sea. Right prime minister, Tang Yan and crush the rebel forces, but from his power greatly increased, control the affairs of state, even once benefits were not given due respect to the element. Yan and Han Chinese exclusion to the policy, such as the prohibition of Han Chinese politics, abolition of examination, and not to learn Mongolian, Han Chinese and so on, these practices have deepened between Chinese and Mongol does not and, also makes dollars were more satisfied with benefits. Yuan five years (in 1340) the end of the Yan and nephew Tuotuo the help of the element were removed and exiled Bo Yan Hui and Yan posts sub Wenzong deposed Guth, eliminate hidden dangers to seize power to control the political situation. To positive year (1341) Tuotuo as phase, major changes in the Yan and the old regime, complex imperial examination. To positive three years (1343), Yuan Hui were ordered Xiuzhuan "Liao History", "Golden History", "History of Song," Historians, from right prime minister Tuotuo (later replaced by Aru map) hosted in five to positive year (1345) marble. Also awarded "to positive Sjogren." Known to history "to positive New Deal."
　　Anecdotal
　　Huan Yuan Shun, who favored due later rumored quote Harmony Hill is the son of Song Emperor Gong. Yuan Wen-tsung, who notices and foreign, "implicit in the Shuomo time, prime that (properly Mu Er Huan posts) Non their own child." Then resettlement in Korea, then moved to Seiko. Yuan and Ming were weighed Piece "Gengshen Unofficial History", that the residence of Ganzhou of Public Ying Temple (Temple of dollars, said Cross, the Grand Buddha Temple in Zhangye), the manor is located in the Department of Wang ancient land and Bamboo in the vicinity of the old Zhao Zeng Yi back and forth with a woman (or a step mother to Shun, who favored Di). Yan Yu's, Man Hui girls. A time when the eldest son of Zhou Dynasty and the world Takemune Lai ('s reign, the Yuan Ming cases), the Northwest exile, had Ganzhou Temple, see Ying State Public youngest son, "overjoyed, because demand for the child and his mother set to go." After the Ming Dynasty, as does this say then on. To the Qing Dynasty, Siku summary said that this is false Song Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, "will be attached to the rumors of", "Nuclear facts, Miao no It is indeed absurd in particular, non-messenger also." "Over time that scholars have moved to Ganzhou Ying country before the public in may states Jilijisi Home Yu Qian boundary (this Yenisei River upstream). When Zhou Wang and Shi Lai Guo Jinshan from Shaanxi to Lingbei (Altai) , after the king in exile in Chagatai manor, with modest state geographically close to each other so there is the possibility of sub-grants.