西夏
(
1003年～
1048年)
西夏景宗
李元昊（1003年－1048年）是西夏开国皇帝（1038年——1048年在位），党项族人，原为拓跋氏，李姓为唐所赐。李继迁孙，李德明长子，生母卫慕氏。景宗少年时身型魁梧，而且勤奋好学，手不释卷，尤好法律和兵书。通汉、蕃语言，精绘画，多才多艺。其父在位时，已经不断对外出战，扩大势力。1032年以太子身份继位，仍称藩与宋，后来为表独立，废唐宋分别赐李、赵姓，改姓嵬名，并以严酷手段彻底翦除守旧派。大庆三年（1038年）自立为帝，脱离宋朝，国号“大夏”，亦称西夏，定都兴庆府。命大臣野利仁荣创西夏文，大力发展西夏的文化。建国后推动教育，创蕃学，启西夏文教之风。开凿“李王渠”，以便西夏国民耕种。三次分别于三川口（今陕西延安西北）、好水川（今宁夏隆德东）及定川砦（今甘肃固原西北）等战中大败北宋，并于辽夏第一次贺兰山之战，大胜辽国，奠定西夏在辽、宋两国的地位。本来有意夺取关中之地，攻占长安，但因宋军顽强抵抗，夏军战败，直捣关中之美梦就此破灭。但由于战事繁多，西夏经济破损，遂于1044年与北宋签订庆历和议，向宋称臣，被封为夏国王。为西夏建树良多，堪称一代英豪。
他的文治武功卓有成效，但他本人也有不足之处。在位16年（1032年起计），猜忌功臣，稍有不满即罢或杀，反而导致日后母党专权；另外，晚年沉湎酒色，好大喜功，导致西夏内部日益腐朽，众叛亲离。据说他下令民夫每日建一座陵墓，足足建了三百六十座，作为他的疑冢，其后竟把那批民夫统统杀掉。废皇后野利氏、太子宁林格，改立与太子订亲的没移氏为新皇后，招致杀身之祸，延祚十一年（1048年）其子宁林格趁元昊酒醉时，割其鼻子，元昊最后因失血过多而死，享年46岁，庙号景宗，谥号武烈皇帝，葬泰陵。宁林格后来因弑父之罪被处死。
West Xiajing Zong Li Yuanhao (1003 -1048) was the Western Xia emperor (1038 years - 1048 reign), the party items tribe, originally Tuoba, Li gave the Tang Dynasty. Li moved to Sun and Li, the eldest son, Wei Mu's mother. Gyeongjong youth, burly body type, and studious, Shoubushijuan, especially good law and book on military strategy. Tong Han, Fan language, fine art, multi-talented. The reign of his father, has been played outside, and expand influence. In 1032 as successor to Prince Edward, still called Fan and Song, and later to the table independent waste were giving the Tang and Song Li, surname Zhao, surname Wei names, and to harsh means to complete Jianchu old school. Daqing three years (in 1038) stand as the Emperor, from the Song Dynasty, the country, "Great Summer", also known as the Western Xia, its capital Xingqing House. Minister of wild life Renrong create Tangut script, to develop the Western Xia culture. After the founding of promoting education, science innovation Fan, Kai Xia culture and education in the breeze. Excavation "Li Wang Drainage" to the Western Xia people farming. Three times at three Kawaguchi (now West Yan'an, Shaanxi province), good water River (now Ningxialongde East) and will Sichuan Village (now Gansu Guyuan Northwest) and other war defeated the Northern Song and Liao summer for the first time at the Battle of the Helan Mountains, large Sheng Liao, Western Xia lay in the Liao, Song status of the two countries. Would have liked to win off the land, captured Chang'an, but strong resistance Song, Xia Jun defeat, stormed off in the dream of this burst. However, numerous war, the Western Xia economic damage, then in 1044 signed with the Northern Song Qingli and proposed to Song vassal, was given the title king of summer. Contribution to the Western Xia, called generation hero.