西夏
(
1003年～
1048年)
西夏景宗
李元昊（1003年－1048年）是西夏開國皇帝（1038年——1048年在位），党項族人，原為拓跋氏，李姓為唐所賜。李繼遷孫，李德明長子，生母衛慕氏。景宗少年時身型魁梧，而且勤奮好學，手不釋捲，尤好法律和兵書。通漢、蕃語言，精繪畫，多才多藝。其父在位時，已經不斷對外齣戰，擴大勢力。1032年以太子身份繼位，仍稱藩與宋，後來為表獨立，廢唐宋分別賜李、趙姓，改姓嵬名，並以嚴酷手段徹底翦除守舊派。大慶三年（1038年）自立為帝，脫離宋朝，國號“大夏”，亦稱西夏，定都興慶府。命大臣野利仁榮創西夏文，大力發展西夏的文化。建國後推動教育，創蕃學，啓西夏文教之風。開鑿“李王渠”，以便西夏國民耕種。三次分別於三川口（今陝西延安西北）、好水川（今寧夏隆德東）及定川砦（今甘肅固原西北）等戰中大敗北宋，並於遼夏第一次賀蘭山之戰，大勝遼國，奠定西夏在遼、宋兩國的地位。本來有意奪取關中之地，攻占長安，但因宋軍頑強抵抗，夏軍戰敗，直搗關中之美夢就此破滅。但由於戰事繁多，西夏經濟破損，遂於1044年與北宋簽訂慶歷和議，嚮宋稱臣，被封為夏國王。為西夏建樹良多，堪稱一代英豪。
他的文治武功卓有成俲，但他本人也有不足之處。在位16年（1032年起計），猜忌功臣，稍有不滿即罷或殺，仮而導致日後母黨專權；另外，晚年沉湎酒色，好大喜功，導致西夏內部日益腐朽，衆叛親離。據說他下令民夫毎日建一座陵墓，足足建了三百六十座，作為他的疑塚，其後竟把那批民夫統統殺掉。廢皇后野利氏、太子寧林格，改立與太子訂親的沒移氏為新皇后，招致殺身之禍，延祚十一年（1048年）其子寧林格趁元昊酒酔時，割其鼻子，元昊最後因失血過多而死，享年46歲，廟號景宗，謚號武煭皇帝，葬泰陵。寧林格後來因弒父之罪被處死。
West Xiajing Zong Li Yuanhao (1003 -1048) was the Western Xia emperor (1038 years - 1048 reign), the party items tribe, originally Tuoba, Li gave the Tang Dynasty. Li moved to Sun and Li, the eldest son, Wei Mu's mother. Gyeongjong youth, burly body type, and studious, Shoubushijuan, especially good law and book on military strategy. Tong Han, Fan language, fine art, multi-talented. The reign of his father, has been played outside, and expand influence. In 1032 as successor to Prince Edward, still called Fan and Song, and later to the table independent waste were giving the Tang and Song Li, surname Zhao, surname Wei names, and to harsh means to complete Jianchu old school. Daqing three years (in 1038) stand as the Emperor, from the Song Dynasty, the country, "Great Summer", also known as the Western Xia, its capital Xingqing House. Minister of wild life Renrong create Tangut script, to develop the Western Xia culture. After the founding of promoting education, science innovation Fan, Kai Xia culture and education in the breeze. Excavation "Li Wang Drainage" to the Western Xia people farming. Three times at three Kawaguchi (now West Yan'an, Shaanxi province), good water River (now Ningxialongde East) and will Sichuan Village (now Gansu Guyuan Northwest) and other war defeated the Northern Song and Liao summer for the first time at the Battle of the Helan Mountains, large Sheng Liao, Western Xia lay in the Liao, Song status of the two countries. Would have liked to win off the land, captured Chang'an, but strong resistance Song, Xia Jun defeat, stormed off in the dream of this burst. However, numerous war, the Western Xia economic damage, then in 1044 signed with the Northern Song Qingli and proposed to Song vassal, was given the title king of summer. Contribution to the Western Xia, called generation hero.