| 网笔号： | 睿武孝文皇帝 | |||||||||
| 庙号： | 世宗 | |||||||||
| 陵墓： | 庆陵 | |||||||||
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身世经历
柴荣，后世又称柴世宗。父名柴守礼、祖父柴翁都是当地有名的富豪。据说，他的姑母本唐庄宗之嫔御，庄宗没，明宗遣其归家，行至河上遇大风雨，止于逆旅数日，偶遇郭威，看他体貌非凡，一见倾心。而郭威亦闻柴氏贤惠，父母知志不可夺，遂成婚于逆旅中。
家道中落，年未童冠的柴荣前去投奔嫁给郭威的姑妈，他性谨厚，帮助郭威处理各种事务，深受郭威喜爱，被收为养子，改名郭荣。当时郭威家境并不富裕，柴荣为资助家用，外出经商，做茶货生意，往返江陵等地。其间学习骑射，练就一身武艺，又读了大量史书和黄老著作。及长，弃商随郭威从戎。
后汉建立，郭威以佐命功授为枢密副使，柴荣被任命为左监门卫大将军。郭威任邺都（公元大名）留守、枢密使、天雄节度使，柴荣被任为天雄牙内指挥使、领贵州刺史、检校右仆射。后汉乾祐三年（公元950年）郭威和柴荣留居京都开封的亲属全被隐帝诛杀，郭威起兵，以清君侧为名杀向开封，柴荣受命留守邺都，主持邺都事务。后周建立，柴荣旋以皇子的身份拜澶州（公元濮阳）刺史、检校太保、封太原郡侯。柴荣在澶州任内，“为政清肃，盗不犯境……吏民赖之。”其后加封晋王并出任开封尹，判内外兵马事。
后周显德元年（公元954年），周太祖驾崩，晋王荣按遗命在柩前即皇帝位，是为周世宗。
年富力强的周世宗柴荣，雄心勃勃，决心遵照养父的遗愿，干出一番大事业。他曾向左谏大夫王朴发问：“朕当得几年？”精究术数的王朴答曰：“臣固陋，辄以所学推之，三十年后非所知也。”柴荣听后十分欣喜地说：“若如卿所言，寡人当以十年开拓天下，十年养百姓，十年致太平足矣！”为实现这一宏伟目标，柴荣在他五年多的统治期间，励精图治，锐意改革，南征北战，揭开了结束分裂，统一天下的序幕。
柴荣戎装像
大事年谱
公元921年，唐天祐十八年，一岁。农历9月24日，柴荣出生于邢州之别墅，籍贯邢州尧山县柴家庄。祖父柴翁，父柴守礼，姑柴氏（公元郭威做皇帝后封为皇后，谥号圣穆），世家豪右。
公元926年，后唐天成元年，六岁。郭威在洛阳娶尧山同里柴翁女为妻。据说，柴氏原唐庄宗嫔御。是年四月，从马直指挥使郭从谦作乱，庄宗被乱兵所杀。李嗣源（公元明宗）进宫后，柴氏被放回家，行至汴水，天雨不止，住于旅舍。偶遇郭威，看他体貌非凡，一见倾心。而郭威亦闻柴氏贤淑，遂成婚配。
公元927～946年，唐天成二年～后晋天福十一年，七～二十六岁。柴荣年未童冠，因侍姑母在郭威左右。时郭威无子，家道沦落，然以柴荣谨厚，故以庶事委之。柴荣悉心经度，资用获济，郭威甚怜之，乃养为己子，故名郭荣。期间曾去江陵贩运茶叶，一边做生意，一边习文练武，从而精通了骑射等武艺，读了大量史书及黄老著作。及长，弃商随郭威从戎。
公元936年，后晋天福二年，十六岁。时郭威在刘知远部下，威妻柴氏卒。
公元947年，后晋天福十二年，二十七岁。农历2月，郭威等劝刘知远在太原即皇帝位，仍用“天福”年号。农历闫7月，郭威以佐命功为枢密副使，加检校太保。柴荣授左监门卫将军。
公元949年，后汉乾祐二年，二十九岁。郭威镇邺，柴荣任天雄军牙内部指挥使，领贵州刺史，检校右仆射。
公元950年，后汉乾祐三年，三十岁。农历3月，授郭威邺都留守，枢密使、天雄节度使。柴荣随郭威在邺，协助郭威政尚清简，治绩有声。农历11月，汉隐帝刘承佑以议事为名杀害了杨邠、史弘肇、王章三位顾命大臣，并诛杀了出镇邺都的郭威和柴荣在京的家属。郭威的夫人张氏与诸子青哥、意哥，侄守筠、奉超、定哥和柴荣的妻子刘氏及长子宜哥与其二次子皆为汉诛。郭威闻讯，留柴荣在邺，以清君侧举兵至京郊之北，隐帝出城观战，官军败绩，隐帝被乱军所杀。郭威入开封，由太后临朝听政。是月，契丹南犯，郭威奉命北上抗辽。军到澶州（今河南濮阳），将士撕裂黄旗，披于威身，拥呼万岁，返回京都。
公元951年，后周广顺元年，三十一岁。农历1月，郭威即皇帝位，改元广顺，国号周，史称后周。是月，授柴荣澶州节度使，检校太保，封太原郡侯。柴荣在镇，为政清肃、盗不犯境。澶之里弄湫隘，公署毁圮，柴荣即广其街肆，增廨宇，吏民赖之。每旬决囚，赞引律令，辨析中理。农历8月，郭威故夫人柴氏追立为皇后。农历12月，柴荣加检校太傅、同平章事。
公元953年，后周广顺三年，三十三岁。农历3月，郭威将重臣、枢密使王峻黜往外地，柴荣从澶州节度使任上出任开封尹兼功德使，封晋王。农历8月，柴荣第四子宗训生于澶州府第。农历10月，封柴荣为顿递使。农历12月，柴荣陪郭威郊庙行事。
公元954年，后周显德元年，三十四岁。农历1月，郭威大赦天下，改广顺四年为显德元年。加晋王荣兼侍中，判内外兵马事。宰臣冯道加守太师，范质加上书左仆射，监修国史，李谷加左仆射、集贤殿大学士。王溥为中书侍郎、平章事。郭威寝病，召外甥重进受顾，令拜柴荣，以定君臣之分。临终前，屡戒柴荣，死后用纸衣瓦棺，不修地宫，不要守陵宫人，不得用石人、石兽，只立一石记子，镌字云：“大周天子临晏驾，与嗣帝约，缘平生好俭素，只令著瓦棺纸衣葬，若违此言，阴灵不相助。”不久，郭威病逝，终年五十一岁。晋王荣在柩前即位。农历3月，大赦天下，免诸道州府所欠去年夏秋租税。农历4月，郭威葬于新郑郭店，陵曰嵩陵，庙号太祖，谥曰圣神恭肃文武孝皇帝。北汉勾结契丹南犯，柴荣召大臣议欲亲征，宰相冯道极力止，柴荣因言：“唐初，天下草寇蜂起，并是太宗亲平之。”道奏曰：“陛下得如太宗否？”柴荣怒曰：“冯相何少也！”乃罢其相位。曰：“以我兵力之强，破刘崇山压卵耳！”他率军兼程速进，在高平之南与北汉军遭遇时，右军樊爱能，何徽部不战遁溃。在危险时刻，柴荣不畏矢石冒死督战，北汉骁将张元徽被杀，刘崇军败北，契丹军退逃。此战巩固了柴荣的地位，他趁胜整饬军纪。樊爱能、何徽等70多名将士因临阵脱逃悉数斩杀，同时对作战有功的李重进、赵匡胤等将士给予重赏。册封卫国夫人符氏为皇后。农历5月，柴荣又乘胜追击，将北汉都城太原包围，但由于粮饷不继，未能拿下太原。农历6月，下诏班师，车驾发离太原。过新郑亲拜嵩陵，祭奠而退。农历7月，拜范质为司守徒兼门下侍郎、平章事、宏文馆大学士；李谷为守司徒兼门下侍郎、平章事、监修国史；王溥为中书侍郎兼礼部尚书、平章事、集贤殿大学士。不由科进第的魏仁浦聘为枢密使、检校太保，面对议者曰：“顾才何如耳！”百官上表请以农历9月24日诞圣日为“天清节”，从之。农历9月，右屯卫将军薛训，因“监雍兵仓，纵吏卒陪敛”被除名，流放沙门岛。宋州巡检供奉官、副都知竹奉璘于宁陵县，因“盗经商船不捕获”被斩。农历10月，柴荣吸收高平之战周军将不用命、士不能战的教训，下令整顿军队，他说：“侍卫士兵，老少相半，强弱不分。”“况百户农夫，未能瞻一甲士。且兵在精不在众，宜一一点选。精锐者为上军，怯懦者任从安便，庶期不用，又不虚费。”柴荣遂命赵匡胤负责，广募天下壮士“选取优者为殿前诸班”，通过整顿，禁卫军成为一支威震邻国无比强大的军队。赵匡胤升为殿前都虞侯，张永德出任殿前都指挥使。在叶县巡检日，“挟私断杀平民”的供奉官郝光庭以“弃市”处决。左羽林大将军孟汉卿，以“监纳厚取耗余”之罪，令其自尽。农历11月，黄河郓州界决口，“数州之地，洪流为患。”柴荣派宰相李谷监筑河堤，征发丁六万人，三十日而罢。
公元955年，后周显德二年，三十五岁。农历1月，柴荣诏：“在朝文班，各举堪为令录者一人。虽因族近亲，亦无妨嫌。授官之日，各署举主姓名，若在贪官浊不任，懦弱不理并量事轻重，连坐举主。”农历3月诏：“应逃户庄田，并许人请射承佃，供纳租税。”委派忠武节度使王彦超与彰信节度使韩通带领士兵，征发民夫疏通深州和冀州之间的胡卢河。并在李晏口夹胡卢河修建城垒，派重兵戍守。又派德州刺史张藏英召募边境骁勇之民组成一支精悍的边军，形成了一道坚固的防线，边民得以安居乐业。为选拔人才，诏曰：“国家设贡举之司，求英俊之士，务询文行方中科名。比闻近年以来，多有滥进，或以年劳而得第，或因媒势以出身。今岁所放举人，试令看验，果见纰缪，须至去留。”柴荣亲自阅览新举进士的诗赋、论文与策文。农历4月，诏于京城四面别筑罗城，期以来春兴役。令近臣二十余人，各撰《为君难为臣不易论》、《平边策》各一首，柴荣亲览之。并采纳比部郎中王朴的“攻取之道，从易者始”的建议，制定了“先南后北”的战略。农历5月，废童子、经明二科及条贯考试次第。柴荣派向训、王景率军西征后蜀，欲收复秦、风、成、阶四州。是月，下诏：“诸道府州县镇村坊应有敕额寺院，一切仍旧，其无敕额者并仰停废”，“今后不得创造寺院兰若”，并“禁私变僧尼”。当年废寺院三万三百三十六所，还俗僧尼多达六万一千二百人。农历7月，因西征之师，军需供应不继，战事陷于僵局，周将执意请求罢兵。柴荣派赵匡胤作为特使前往秦州前线视察战局，及回，具以事实上奏，极言秦、凤诸州可取。柴荣提拔王景兼西南面行营都招讨使，向训兼西南面行营都监。农历9月，诏禁天下铜器，始议立监铸钱。规定除“县官法物，军器次寺观钟磬钹铎之类所留外，自余民间铜器、佛像，五十日内悉令输官，给其值。过期隐匿不输，五斤以上处死，不及者论刑有差。”农历闰9月，大破西川军，秦、成、阶三州相继归附。农历11月，周军最后攻克凤州，收复四州之地。农历12月，命起居郎陶文举征残租于宋州。文举本酷吏也，宋民被其刑者凡数千，冤号之声闻于道路，有悼髦之辈，不胜其刑而死者数人，物议以为不允。
公元956年，后周显德三年，三十六岁。农历1月，发丁夫十万城京师罗城。柴荣下诏亲征南唐，派李谷、李重进、赵匡胤等战将出征。后来发现李谷怯懦，李重进战无不克，遂将李谷调开，任命李重进为淮南道行营指挥使，从而大败唐军，取滁、扬、秦、光、舒、蕲六州。后因雨季来临，留李重进军围攻寿州，农历5月班师回京。农历5月，柴荣征集工匠“于大梁城西汴水侧造战舰数百艘，命唐降卒教北人水战。数月之后，纵横出没，殆绝唐兵。”农历7月，皇后符氏薨于滋德殿，终年二十六岁。农历8月，端明殿学士王朴撰成新历上之，命曰《显德钦天历》，并开始行用。王朴于农历9月升任尚书户部侍郎，枢密副使。农历10月，葬宣懿皇后于懿陵。诏：“漳河以北都县，并许盐货通商，逐处有咸卤之地，一任户煎炼。”赵匡胤晋升为匡国军节度使、兼殿前都指挥使，跻身于后周大将行列。农历11月，放华山隐者陈抟归山。柴荣说：“帝素闻抟有道术，征之赴阙，月余放还归隐。”农历12月，故襄邑县令刘居方在任廉洁，死后赠右补阙，子刘士衡赐学究出身，以奖廉吏。
公元957年，后周显德四年，三十七岁。农历1月，诏天下见禁罪人，除大辟处，一律释放。准兵部上书张昭上言：“编修太祖实录及梁、唐二末帝实录。”农历2月，柴荣再次亲征南唐，攻破南唐援军紫金山寨，克寿州。消灭唐军四万人，获船舰数百艘，钱帛器械无数，车驾发下蔡还京。农历4月，故彭城郡夫人刘氏册封为皇后。故皇弟、皇子均赠封，故皇妹册封。农历5月，李重进、向训、张永德、赵匡胤等因功晋升官职。宰臣范质、李谷、王溥并爵邑，改功臣。枢密使魏仁浦加检校太傅进封开国公。农历8月，升王朴为枢密使，检校太保。前濮州刺史胡立自蜀回。农历10月，先期刺令光广造军士袍襦，不即办集，命斩之。至是以小过见诛，人皆冤之。诏悬制科凡三，其一曰贤良方正能直言极谏科，其二曰经学优深可谓师法科，其三曰详闲吏理达于教化科。不限资、见任职官，黄衣草泽并许应召。农历11月，柴荣亲率诸军第三次征南唐，攻濠州、败唐军于涡。遂鼓行而东，沿淮城栅，所至皆下。农历12月泗州守将以城降，柴荣亲率水陆大军东下，得敌舰船三百余艘，加之周军数百艘舰船，水陆俱奔，所向皆捷，连降濠州、涟水、亳州。
公元958年，后周显德五年，三十八岁。农历1月，柴荣亲攻楚州，遇到楚军防御使张彦卿的誓死奋击，周兵死伤甚重。“拔之，斩伪守将张彦卿等，六军大掠，城内军民死者万余人，庐舍焚之殆尽。”农历2月，车驾发楚州南巡，破扬州，继续扩大战果。农历3月，幸泰州、广陵、迎銮江口，大败敌军。南唐主李璟迁陈觉奉表陈情，献贡品，被迫谴人献四州之地，画江为界，岁输贡物十万，以求息兵。柴荣悉平江北，得州十四，县六十。南唐去帝称号，只称“江南国主”。令翰林学士李昉对被贡者进行复试。诏曰：“比者以近年贡举，颇事有循，频诏有司精加试练，所冀去留无滥，优秀昭然。昨据贡院奏，今年新及第士等，所试文字或有否臧，奚命辞臣再今考覆，庶泾、渭之不杂，免玉石之相参。”农历4月，车驾发扬州还京。新太庙城，迁五庙神主入于其室。农历5月，下诏：“侍卫诸军及诸道将士各赐等第优给。应行营将士殉于王事者，各与赠官；亲的子孙，并量才录用；伤夷残废，别赐救接。淮南诸州及徐、宿、宋、亳、陈、颖、许蔡等州，所欠去年秋夏税物，并于除放。”农历6月，命窦俨参定雅乐。有司奏御膳料，柴荣批曰：“朕之常膳今后减半，余人依旧。”兵部尚书张昭等撰《周太祖实录》三十卷成。农历7月，颁行《大周刑统》。赐诸道节度使、刺史《均田图》。农历10月，诏淮南诸州乡军，并放归农。均定河南六十州税赋。颁行《均田图》。诏曰：“言念地征，罕臻艺极，须并行均定，所冀永适轻重……”让地方官吏均定田赋。并派官吏巡行诸州，丈量土地，以据田亩，定税赋。农历11月，诏翰林学士窦俨，集文学之士，撰集《大周通礼》、《大周正乐》。农历12月，楚州兵马都监武怀恩，因擅杀降卒弃市。楚州防御使张顺因贪污榷税钱五十万，官丝二千两赐死。诏重定诸道州府幕职令录佐官料钱，其州县官俸户宜停。
公元959年，后周显德六年，三十九岁。农历1月，诏：“每年新及第进士及诸闻喜宴，宜令宣徽院指挥排比。”“礼部贡院今后及第举人，逐科等第定人数姓名，并所试文学奏文，候敕下发榜。”农历2月，发徐、宿、宋、单等州丁夫数万浚汴河。发滑、亳二州丁夫浚五丈河，东流于定陶，入济，以通青、郓水运之路。又疏蔡河，以通陈、颍水运之路。左补阙王德成因举官不当，左迁右赞善大夫。农历4月，柴荣亲率诸军北伐契丹。至宁州，刺史王洪以城降。之后，领兵水陆俱下，至益津关，契丹守将终廷晖以城降。至瓦桥关，守将姚内斌以城降。鄚州刺史刘楚信以州降。农历5月，瀛州刺史高彦晖以本城归顺。这次出师，仅四十二天，兵不血刃，连收三关三州，共十七县。柴荣正准备乘胜夺取幽州，遇疾而返。农历6月，柴荣因病班师回到汴京，解除张永德殿前都点检职务，升赵匡胤为检校太傅、殿前都俭点。立魏王符彦卿女为皇后。以皇长子宗训为特进左卫上将军，封梁王；以第二子宗让为左骁卫上将军，封燕国公。农历6月19日柴荣驾崩，终年三十九岁，其子柴宗训柩前即位，时年七岁。范质、王溥、魏仁浦并相，执掌朝政。农历11月，葬柴荣于新郑陵上村，谥曰睿武孝文皇帝，陵曰庆陵，庙号世宗。以贞惠皇后刘氏附焉。
周世宗改革
周世宗柴荣（921—959）后周第二代皇帝。邢州龙冈（今河北邢台）人，后周太祖郭威的内侄和养子，后周开国皇帝太祖郭威在位期间，曾就恢复农业生产、革除累朝弊政推行了一系列有效的措施。显德元年（954），柴荣即位，广泛收罗人才，继续推行改革。政治上，澄清吏治，严明赏罚，惩治贪赃，倡导节俭，力戒奢华。经济上，鼓励逃户回乡定居，减免各种无名科敛，安抚流民，招民垦殖逃户田，编制《均田图》，派遣使者分赴各地均定田租，查实隐匿耕地，使之均摊正税，废除曲阜孔氏的免税特权，动员民众兴修水利，疏浚漕运；停废敕额（朝廷给予寺名）外的寺院 3 万余所，敕额外僧尼一律还为编户，禁私度僧尼；收购民间佛像铜器铸钱，缓解了唐末以来长期缺钱的局面。军事上，整肃军纪。显德元年，处决了与北汉作战时临阵溃逃并劫掠辎重，扬言周军已败的禁军大将樊爱能、何徽以及中级将校 70 余人。班师后，检阅禁军，裁汰老弱，选募壮勇，组成了精锐的中央禁军。周世宗还修订刑律，修订历法，考正雅乐，广搜遗书，雕印古籍。显德二年，世宗采用王朴提出的“先易后难”的战略方针，致力于统一全国的大业，先出兵后蜀，收回 4 州。次年伐南唐，经三年苦战，收回淮南、江北 14 州 60 余县。六年征辽，收回燕云 16 州中的 3 州，五月间，乘胜进取幽州，突患重病，被迫班师，六月卒，年 39 岁。世宗柴荣在政治、经济和军事上的改革及成就，为北宋统一全国奠定了基础。
柴荣
周世宗灭佛
后周显德二年（955）五月，后周世宗诏天下寺院，非敕赐寺额者皆废之，所有功德佛像及僧尼并于当留寺院中，今后不得再造寺院。禁私度僧尼，凡欲出家者，须先取得祖父母、父母、伯叔同意，方许出家。唯两京、大名府（今河北大名东北）、京兆府（今陕西西安）、青州（今山东益都）置戒坛。禁僧俗舍身、断手足、炼指、带铃、挂灯、毁破身体等。有如所犯，所在严断，递配边远，勒令还俗。重者准格律处分。令两京及诸州每年造僧帐两本，一本奏闻，一本申祠部。有死亡还俗随时开落。当年废寺院三万O三百三十六座，存二千六百九十座。有僧四万二千四百四十四，尼一万八千七百五十六。此即佛教史上著名的周世宗灭佛。至九月，周世宗又以县官久不铸钱，而民间多销毁铜钱造器皿及铸佛象，于初一，敕立监采铜铸钱，除县官法物、军器及寺观钟磬钹铎之外，民间铜器、佛像，限五十日内全部送官，官给价值；过期匿而不送，五斤以上死罪，一斤以下徒二年。
周世宗大义责夏州
后周显德二年（955）正月，定难节度使（治夏州，今内蒙白城子）李彝殷不满与之相邻的府州（今陕西府谷）折氏升为节度使，与自己并列，拒绝府州使节通过其辖境入周。周世宗柴荣与宰相商议，宰相以为夏州是边镇，向来加以优恤，而府州偏小，无关大局，宜抚谕李彝殷。但世宗以为府州折德扆忠心对周，抗北汉，不可一旦弃之，夏州只产羊马，而贸易百货全部仰仗中原。于是遣供奉官齐藏珍赍诏书责李彝殷。李彝殷谢罪。
Life experience experience
Chai Rongrong installed as
AD 926, the first year after the Tang Tiancheng, six years old. Guo Wei at Luoyang in Chai Weng married women with Yaoshan wife. It is said that Cai's former imperial Tang Zhuangzong of Latter Tang Pin. April is, straight from the horse from the command to Guo Qian rebellion, Zhuangzong of Latter Tang was killed by marauders. Mingzong of Later Tang (AD Ming cases) after the palace, CZ was released to go home, traveling to Bianshui, rain is more than living in the hostel. Occasional Guo Wei, see his extraordinary physical appearance, at first sight. And Guo Wei Wen Cai's also virtuous, then into marriage.
In the year 947, twelve years after the Jin Tianfu, 20-year-old. Lunar New Year in February, Wei Guo Liu Zhi and so advised in Taiyuan emperor, still with "Tian Fu" reign. Chinese Yan in July, Understandings to Zuoming power as senator Fushi, plus calibration Taibao. Land System did not grant general left prison guard.
AD 951, the first year after the Zhou Guangshun, 31 years old. Lunar New Year in January, Guo Wei emperor, reign title Guangshun, the country week, the history says Fung. The month, the state granted Land System did Chan Jiedushi, calibration Taibao, sealing Taiyuan Jun Hou. Land System did in the town, for the administration of clearing, Pirates of the non-territorial violations. Chan of the neighborhood Qiuai, the Office destroyed collapsed, Land System did that its on Street wantonly, by shrine buildings, Answer to depend on the. Prisoners must every ten days, praised the precepts cited, analyze the reasons. Lunar New Year in August, Ms. Guo Weigu Chai's catch set up as a queen. Lunar New Year in December, Land System did not increase calibration Tutor, with Pingzhang Shi.
AD 954, the first year after the Zhou Xiande, 30-year-old. Lunar New Year in January, Guo Wei Amnesty world, change was de first year Guangshun four years. Add Jinwang Rong and sijung sentenced to internal and external affairs troops and horses. Zai Chen Shou-Feng Dao plus Grand Preceptor, Fan quality books Zuopu She added, Supervisor and the Writer, Lee Valley, plus Zuopu She, Mandarin Palace scholar. Column Joints for the assistant minister in the book, Pingzhang Shi. Understandings of sleep disease, called re-enter by Gu nephew, so thanks to Land System did, to be divided monarch and his subjects. Before his death, and fail to quit Land System did, after the death of paper clothing tile coffin, do not repair the underground palace, do not keep house tomb A person may not use Shiren, Shishou, only up a stone in mind son, Juan word goes: "Great upon the death of the Zhou Pro , and Si is about God, Su Jian Yuan good his life, only to make the tile paper coffin burial clothing, if the breach of remark, Yin Ling does not help solve the problem. "Soon, Guo Wei, died at 51 years of age. Jin Wangrong throne in the coffin. Lunar New Year in March, Amnesty world, free Zhudao state capital last summer and the tax owed. Lunar New Year in April, Guo Wei buried Xinzheng Guodian, Song Ling Yue Ling, Temple name Taizu, posthumous title Wen Wu Xiaohuang Emperor Gong Su said, the Holy Spirit. North Han Qi Dannan guilty of collusion, Land System did not want a personal expedition called Ministers meeting, Prime Minister Feng Dao strongly only, Land System did for words: "Early, the world bandits uprisings, and the level of the clan too." Tao played, saying: "Your Majesty may like too were not? "Land System did not anger said:" Mr Ho, also with! "is stop the phase. Said: "The strength of my strength, breaking eggs, Liu Tsung-Shan pressure ears!" He led his army into the hardships in speed, in the South and the North Han Gaoping encounters, Youjun Fan but love, not war escape Ho Hui Department of collapse. In dangerous times, Land System did not fear Shishi risking supervise operations, the North Han Xiao Qiang Zhang Yuan Hui killed, Liu Chongjun defeat, Khitan army fled back. The war strengthened the position of Land System did he take advantage of military discipline wins straighten. Fan love to, how the hui of more than 70 men because of funk all beheaded, while Lee to re-enter active combat, Kuangyin other men to give generous rewards. Canonized defending his wife's character as Queen. Lunar New Year in May, Land System did they win the siege the North Han capital of Taiyuan, but forage is not following, could not win the Taiyuan. Lunar New Year in June, issued an edict return after victory, driving them away from the Taiyuan hair. Song Ling Guo Xinzheng pro-prayer, and pay homage to fall back. Lunar New Year in July, thanks to Fan Code of quality for the Division only and Ha assistant minister, Pingzhang Shi, Wang Wen scholar; Lee Valley, Stuart and Ha assistant minister for defense, Pingzhang Shi, Supervisor and the Writer; column Joints for the assistant minister and minister of rites in the book , Pingzhang Shi, Mandarin Palace scholar. Not help families into the first of Wei Ren Pu employed as senator to make, calibration Taibao, The Definition of face meeting: "Gu ru ears only!" Baiguan on the table please Lunar Festival September 24 holy day known as "the clear section," from of. Lunar New Year in September, the right training Tuen Xue Wei generals, for "Yong Bing warehouse supervisor, vertical Lizu accompany convergence" is removed, exiled Salmonella Island. State inspection Gongfeng Guan Song, Zhu Feng-lin, deputy all know in Ningling County, for "Pirates of the capture by the merchant is not" chop. Lunar October, Land System did not absorb the Battle of weeks our military will not Gaoping life, disability can not fight the lesson, the army ordered the consolidation, he said: "The guards, soldiers, young and old with a half strength, regardless." "State of 100 farmers, not to looking for a Jiashi. and soldiers in the fine is not public, should one by one click. who was the military elite, cowardly person would either Congan, the concubine of no, not false charges. "Land System did Suiming Kuangyin responsible for world wide raise warrior "You were selected for the front of the temple all classes", through reorganization, Guards as an extremely powerful military neighbors Megatron. Kuangyin promoted to front of the temple are Yu Hou, Yong-De Zhang as cliffs Douzhihuishi. In Ye County inspection, the "kill off relying on the private citizen," Gongfeng Guan Hao Guangting the "abandoned city" executions. Great General Meng Hanqing left Habayashi to "monitor consumption of sodium thick to take over" the crime, make it himself. Lunar New Year in November, the Yellow River burst Yun state sector, "the number of state land, flood infestation." Land System did not send Prime Minister Lee valley prison building embankments, small levy made six million people on the 30th and stop.
AD 955, two years after the Zhou Xiande, 30-year-old. Lunar New Year in January, Land System did Chao: "In the Korean language classes, all held Kansas to make recorded by one person. Although the result of family relatives, it is harmless too. Granted official date, the Department held the primary name, if corrupt officials voiced no office, cowardice is not management and traffic incident severity, and even give the main sit. "Lunar Mar. Chao:" families should escape Zhuang Tian, and Xu Cheng-tenant who requested the radio for the tax inclusive. "designated Chungmu Jiedushi extended end and Akinobu Jiedushi Korea led the soldiers through , Zheng made porters to clear the deep state and Hu Lu River between Jizhou. And Yen-Wu Lo River mouth folder to build the city-base, send massive guarding. Germany and Britain also sent a prefectural governor Zhang Tibetan border recruitment of people brave the composition of a lean and side arms, forming a strong line of defense, border residents to live and work. For the selection of personnel, Chao said: "State based Imperial Examination in the Division, seeking handsome people in, service line prescription consultation paper Fatalism. Than the news in recent years, many have abused into, or derived from the first years of labor, or for potential media in origin. and this year the release of lifts, try to make watching experience, see the defects of the fruit must be to the fate of. "Land System did not personally view the new move Scholar in Poetry, paper and policy paper. Lunar New Year in April, Chao in Beijing is surrounded by other building Rochester, since the spring of Xing labor. Elegance 20 more than that, the essays, "King and can not do anything hard on Robinson," "flat and policy," the one, Land System did not view the parents. And the adoption of the Department of herbalist Wang Pu than the "capture of the Road, who started from easy," the proposal to develop a "first after the North South" strategy. Lunar New Year in May, waste of young boys and amended by the next two subjects consistent test sequence. Land System did not send to the training, led his army expedition Sandra Shu, Qin want to recover the wind, into, order four states. A month, issued an edict: "Zhudao the counties, towns and villages Square should be the amount of imperial temples, all still, its no amount of imperial person and Yang-stop waste," "future, if not create a temple blue" and "no private changing of monks and nuns" . Then spent 30 000 336 monasteries, monks and nuns to flee as many as 61,200 people. Lunar New Year in July, due to Make-division quartermaster supply does not continue, the war came to a deadlock week will insist on request Dismissed from Military. Land System did not send Kuangyin as a special envoy to the war situation Qinzhou inspect the front, and back to actually playing with very words Qin, Feng states were desirable. Land System did Sandra and the southwest line of business promotion are Zhaotao so, to the southwest line of business is training and supervision. Lunar New Year in September, the world bronze Chao ban, before the proposed legislation monitoring Coining. In addition to the provisions of "magistrate possessions, military device plays temple Zhong Qing Bo Duo like the leave, the civil society from more than bronze, Buddha, lost 50 days of Xiling officer, to its value. Expired hide not lose five pounds or more death, less than a poor person on the punishment. "lunar leap in September, a large breaking Nishikawa Jun, Qin, Cheng-order three states have join themselves. Lunar New Year in November, the military last week captured Fung states, four states to recover the land. Lunar New Year in December, give life Qiju Lang Tao Zheng Song residual rent to the state. Wen also held the cruel officials, Song China was where thousands of his torturers, number of grievous injustice road, there is mourning fashionable fellow with a few to cope with their punishment of the deceased person, physical meeting that refused.
AD 956, three years after the Zhou Xiande, 30-year-old. Lunar New Year in January, the Capital city of Rochester issued Dingfu million. Southern Tang Land System did not even ordered a personal expedition to send Lee Valley, Lee re-entered, Kuangyin such war will set off. Lee Valley was found to cowardice, Lee re-enter the war every nation, ordered to Lee Valley to mix the appointment of Lee to re-enter the command to Huainan Daoxing camp, which defeated the Safeguard access Chu, Yang, Qin, light, comfortable, pray six states. Later, because of the rainy season, leaving Lee re-enter the besieged Shouzhou Lunar May triumphant return back to Beijing. Lunar New Year in May, Land System did not collect craftsman "in the west Bianshui side beams create hundreds of ships warships, who lives north of Tang Jiang Zu teach water war. A few months later, vertical and horizontal planes Tang Bing Almost never." Lunar New Year in July, the Queen's character Shigenori's demise in the house all year round 20-year-old. Lunar New Year in August, end of the Ming Palace Park Zhuancheng Wang Bachelor of new calendar, Ming Yue "was Deqin-day calendar" and use the starting line. King Park in September he was promoted to the Lunar New Book of Hubushilang, senator Fushi. Lunar New Year in October, was buried at Queen's in the Yi Ling Yi Xuan. Chao: "Zhanghe all counties north and goods trade of salt, a salt brine by the Department, the term household fried refining." Kuangyin promoted to Kuangguo Jun Jiedushi, and front of the temple Duzhihuishi, ranks among the Later Zhou Dynasty generals . Lunar New Year in November, up Huashan mountain hermit Tuan return. Land System did said: "The Emperor Su Wen Tuan Ethics in surgery, signs of Fuque, more than a month release also hermit." Lunar New Year in December, so the magistrate Liu Xiang Yi home side in any clean, death grant the right Buque, son Liu Shiheng give pedant origin, to award Lian Li.
In AD 957, four years after the Zhou Xiande, 30-year-old. Lunar New Year in January, Ban Chao sinners see the world, in addition to a large provision of office, should be released. Ministry of War a letter to prospective Zhao Shang Yan: "Compilation Taizu Record and beams, Tang 2 Modi Record." Lunar New Year in February, Land System did once again a personal expedition Southern Tang Dynasty, defeated the Southern Tang Yuanjun purple cottage, g Shouzhou. Eliminate Tangjun four million people, hundreds of boats were ships, Qian Bo numerous instruments, driving them down for Choi also in Beijing. Lunar New Year in April, so Ms. Peng Chengjun Liu canonized as the Queen. Therefore, Huang Di, the Prince grants are closed, so Huang-mei canonized. Lunar New Year in May, Lee re-enter, to training, Yong-De Zhang, Kuangyin other promotion office for success. Zaichen quality Fan, Li Gu, column Joints and Jazz eup, change hero. Senator to add calibration Tutor Pu Wei Ren Feng founding into the public. Lunar New Year in August or King Park for the senator to make, calibration Taibao. Julio from the former prefectural governor Pu Shu back. Lunar October, so that light to create a broad-front puncture Sergeant gown jacket, which do not set, cut the life. Is too small to see Zhu, injustice for everyone. Chao suspension system, all three subjects, one can say virtuous side is very bluntly admonished Division, the second is imitated by the subjects and Excellent deep indeed, the third is set up to educate management leisure Officials Division. Limited information, see office Officer in yellow swamp and Xu summoned. Lunar New Year in November, the Third Land System did not personally led armies Southern Tang Zheng, Hao Zhou attack, defeated Tang Jun in the vortex. Drum line and then east, along the Huaihe River City gate, under the Centre at all. Chinese city in December to drop Sizhou Morimasa, Land System did not personally led the East under water Lu Dajun, was three hundred enemy ships vessels, plus the week of hundreds of military ships, land and water all ran, as to both the Czech Republic, with lower Ho state, Lianshui Bozhou.
AD 958, five years after the Zhou Xiande, 30-year-old. Lunar New Year in January, Land System did not pro-attack Chuzhou, Chu defense to face the fight to the death Endeavor Zhang Yanqing, Zhou Bing very heavy casualties. "The pull, cut and other pseudo-Wu Jiang Zhang Yanqing, six troops were swept, the city thousand dead soldiers and civilians who farmhouse burning of depleted." Lunar New Year in February, driving them made Chuzhou southern tour, breaking Yangzhou, to continue to build on this. Lunar New Year in March, Fortunately, Taizhou, Guang Ling, Ying Luen estuary, defeat the enemy. Southern Tang Jing Li Cheng Chen Jue Fengbiao petition to move, and offered tribute, offering four states were forced to condemn the land, painting river as the boundary-year-old lost thousands of tribute, in order to truce. Land System did note flat Jiangbei, Texas 14, County 60. Southern Tang Dynasty to the title, only "the Jiangnan Guo Lord." Scholars in order to be Gong Li Fang, who on the second interview. Chao said: "In recent years than those with imperial examination, things are quite through, plus fine frequency Chao Yuji Shi Lian, the fate of no abuse of Hebei, good plain. Gongyuan played yesterday, according to this year's new and third persons, etc., the test words or whether Zang, Xi Chen-life speech and then repeat this test, Shu Jing, Wei and the non-hybrid, non-coherent Jade. "Lunar New Year in April, driving them fat, also in Beijing, Yangzhou. New Imperial Ancestral Temple City, moved into their room five ancestral temple. Lunar New Year in May, issued an edict: "The soldiers and guards, armies and Zhu Dao give priority to the ranking. To be martyrs in Wang Shi-line business men who, each with gift officers; pro-children and grandchildren, and volume was hired; injury Yi disability, do not give rescue then. Huainan states were and Xu, Su, Song, Bo, Chen, Ying, Xu Cai and other states, property taxes owed to the summer last fall, and in addition to release. "Lunar New Year in June, will participate in life Dou Yan Yale . Yuji played imperial expected, Land System did not grant said: "I am of the next regular meal by half, over still." Bingbushangshu Zhao Deng Zhuan "Zhou Taizu Record" 30 rolled. Lunar New Year in July, enactment of the "Big Week punishment system." Give Zhudao Jiedushi, governor, "Juntian map." Lunar New Year in October, Chao township in Huainan states were military, and reintroduction of agriculture. State taxes are fixed in Henan 60. Enactment of the "land equalization plan." Chao said: "Words are read to Zheng, Yi Zhen extremely rare, are set to be parallel, the appropriate severity of Ji Yong ... ..." Let local officials are scheduled to land tax. And sent officials patrolling the states were, measuring land to far dispensed land, set taxes. Lunar New Year in November, Chao Han Imperial Academy sinus Yan, Shi-set literature, essays set the "big Zhou Tong Li," "Big Zhou Zheng Music." Lunar New Year in December, soldiers and horses that Commissioner Wu Huaien Chuzhou, so good at killing Xiangzu discarding. Chuzhou defense to make Yao Shun corruption, tax money for half a million, the official silk Prince in 2200. Chao screen replacement Zhudao state capital recorded Sakan grade material to make money, the counties should stop government pension account.
AD 959, six years after the Zhou Xiande, 30-year-old. Lunar New Year in January, Chao: "The new third annual Banquet of Scholars Ji Zhu, Yi Ling Xuan Hui Yuan command Parallelism." "Libu Gongyuan and third lifts, and the future, the number of names given by Section ranking, and the try outs literature text, Under the list of successful candidates waiting Edict. "Lunar New Year in February, issued Xu, Su, Song, single, etc. Tens of thousands of state Ding Fu Chun Bian. Hair slide, Bo 2 state Ding Fu Jun Wuzhang River, flows eastward in dingtao, into the economy in order to pass Green, Yun Shipping road. Also Shu Cai River to pass Chen, Ying Shipping road. The causes of the left held up Quewang De official misconduct, Zuoqian the right Chancery doctor. Lunar New Year in April, Land System did not personally led the Northern Expedition armies Khitan. To in Nanjing, barbed Shi Wanghong to the city down. After all led troops under the surface, to the benefit Jin Guan, Ting-Hui Khitan Morimasa end to the city down. To tile bridge relations, Wu Jiang Yao fall within the bin to the city. Che Liu Chuxin prefectural governor to the state down. Lunar New Year in May, high-Yan Hui Ying prefectural governor to the city of allegiance. The apprenticeship, only 42 days, without firing a shot, even three states received three tests, a total of 17 counties. Land System did not win You state are preparing to exploit a victory, while the back case of illness. Lunar New Year in June, Land System did Bianjing illness triumphant return back to lift the Yong-De Zhang front of the temple are point inspection duties or Kuangyin for the calibration Tutor, before the house are thrifty points. Li Fu-Qing Wu women for the king and queen. To the eldest son of Emperor were training for the special into the left-back on the general, closed King of Liang; to the second child were to Xiao Wei, on the left, General, sealed Yanguo Gong. Lunar Land System did Jiabeng June 19, aged 30-year-old, his son ascended the throne coffin wood were training, when he was seven. Fan nature column Joints, Wei Ren Pu and phase, in charge affairs of state. Lunar November, buried Land System did at Xinzheng Ling Sheung Tsuen, posthumous said, Rui Wu Xiaowen Emperor, Ling Yue-Qing Ling, Temple name Sejong. Chen-Hui Liu attached to the Queen Yan.
And Chai Land System did not (921-959) the second generation of the Later Zhou emperor. Xing Zhou Tatsuoka (now Hebei Xingtai) who, after the Nei Zhi Guo Wei and son, after too Zuguo Wei Zhou Kaiguo during the reign of the emperor, had to restore agricultural production, get rid of Lei Zhao Abuse implemented a series of effective measures. Germany was the first year (954), Land System did reign, widely enlist talent, continue to implement reforms. Politically, to clarify the political corruption, strict punishment and reward, punish corrupt, and promote thrift and guard against extravagance. Economy, by encouraging families returned to their hometowns to escape, relief various obscure subjects grabbing, comfort displaced persons, people move to escape Toda reclamation, establishment of "land equalization plan," are determined to send envoys to go out to farm rents, verified hidden land, so that shared equally positive tax, abolition of duty-free privileges Qufu his charm, mobilization of the public water conservancy, dredging water transport; stop the amount of waste Edict (Temple of the court given name) outside the temple three thousand, all monks and nuns Edict also compiled additional households and ban private degrees Buddhist monks and nuns; acquisition bronze statue of civil money but eased the long-term lack of money situation since the late Tang. Military, military discipline. Germany was the first year of execution and the North Han fled fighting and looting baggage chicken, threatening military has been defeated by the imperial guards Zhou Fan general love to, how school emblem and the intermediate to more than 70 people. After a triumphant return, review the imperial guards, weed out the superfluous and unqualified elderly, election raise Zhuang Yong, a central component of the elite imperial guards. And Chai also revised the criminal law to amend the calendar, court music test is widely found a suicide note and embossing Books. Germany was two years, by King Sejong Park's "easy things first," the strategic policy, is committed to the great cause of reunification of the country first sent troops to Shu, to recover four states. Southern Tang cutting the following year, after three years of hard work, back in Huainan, Jiangbei 14 states, more than 60 counties. Six Zheng Liao, Yun Yan, 16 states in the recovery of the 3 states, in May, the follow up a victory ahead You state, sudden serious illness, was forced to withdraw troops from the front, in June and death, the age of 39. Sejong Land System did in the political, economic and military reforms and achievements, as the Northern Song Dynasty laid the foundation for national unity.
Two years after the Zhou Xiande (955) in May, after the temple and Chai Chao world, the amount by key non-Chici waste of Temple, Buddha and Buddhist monks and nuns of all merit when the stay at the monastery in the future, not recycling temple. Ban viscosity Buddhist monks and nuns who want to become a monk who must be made with grandparents, parents, uncles agreed, Fang Xu monks. Only two Beijing Daming prefecture (now northeast Hebei name), Jingzhao House (now Xi'an), Green Island (now Shandong Yidu) home Jie Tan. Forbidden monks and suicide, dismemberment, refining that, with bells, hanging lamps, broken health, and other damage. Like a committed, where the strict off, with remote delivery, ordered to return to secular life. Heavy penalties are quasi-metrical. So that each of the two states were made in Beijing and two monks account, a Zou Wen, an application Cibu. Open at any time of death to flee down. Then waste temple 30 000 O 336, 2 690 deposit. A monk 42 444, Nigeria 18 756. Namely, suppression of Buddhism Buddhism in the history of the famous and Chai. To September, and Chai Youyi the magistrate eventually becoming money but the private and more destruction and cast copper coins made containers like Buddha, was who started mining copper monitor stand imperial money, in addition to the magistrate possessions, military devices and temple Zhong Qing Bo Duo, the folk bronzes, statues, limit 50 days all sent official, the official to the value; date hide and not to send, five pounds more than a capital offense, only two years less a pound.
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