| 網筆號： | 睿武孝文皇帝 | |||||||||
| 廟號： | 世宗 | |||||||||
| 陵墓： | 慶陵 | |||||||||
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身世經歷
柴榮，後世又稱柴世宗。父名柴守禮、祖父柴翁都是當地有名的富豪。據說，他的姑母本唐莊宗之嬪禦，莊宗沒，明宗遣其歸傢，行至河上遇大風雨，止於逆旅數日，偶遇郭威，看他體貌非凡，一見傾心。而郭威亦聞柴氏賢惠，父母知志不可奪，遂成婚於逆旅中。
傢道中落，年未童冠的柴榮前去投奔嫁給郭威的姑媽，他性謹厚，幫助郭威處理各種事務，深受郭威喜愛，被收為養子，改名郭榮。當時郭威傢境並不富裕，柴榮為資助傢用，外出經商，做茶貨生意，往返江陵等地。其間學習騎射，練就一身武藝，又讀了大量史書和黃老著作。及長，棄商隨郭威從戎。
後漢建立，郭威以佐命功授為樞密副使，柴榮被任命為左監門衛大將軍。郭威任鄴都（公元大名）留守、樞密使、天雄節度使，柴榮被任為天雄牙內指揮使、領貴州刺史、檢校右僕射。後漢乾祐三年（公元950年）郭威和柴榮留居京都開封的親屬全被隱帝誅殺，郭威起兵，以清君側為名殺嚮開封，柴榮受命留守鄴都，主持鄴都事務。後周建立，柴榮旋以皇子的身份拜澶州（公元濮陽）刺史、檢校太保、封太原郡侯。柴榮在澶州任內，“為政清肅，盜不犯境……吏民賴之。”其後加封晉王並出任開封尹，判內外兵馬事。
後周顯德元年（公元954年），周太祖駕崩，晉王榮按遺命在柩前即皇帝位，是為周世宗。
年富力強的周世宗柴榮，雄心勃勃，决心遵照養父的遺願，幹出一番大事業。他曾嚮左諫大夫王樸發問：“朕當得幾年？”精究術數的王樸答曰：“臣固陋，輒以所學推之，三十年後非所知也。”柴榮聽後十分欣喜地說：“若如卿所言，寡人當以十年開拓天下，十年養百姓，十年緻太平足矣！”為實現這一宏偉目標，柴榮在他五年多的統治期間，勵精圖治，銳意改革，南徵北戰，揭開了結束分裂，統一天下的序幕。
柴榮戎裝像
大事年譜
公元921年，唐天祐十八年，一歲。農歷9月24日，柴榮出生於邢州之別墅，籍貫邢州堯山縣柴傢莊。祖父柴翁，父柴守禮，姑柴氏（公元郭威做皇帝後封為皇后，謚號聖穆），世傢豪右。
公元926年，後唐天成元年，六歲。郭威在洛陽娶堯山同裏柴翁女為妻。據說，柴氏原唐莊宗嬪禦。是年四月，從馬直指揮使郭從謙作亂，莊宗被亂兵所殺。李嗣源（公元明宗）進宮後，柴氏被放回傢，行至汴水，天雨不止，住於旅捨。偶遇郭威，看他體貌非凡，一見傾心。而郭威亦聞柴氏賢淑，遂成婚配。
公元927～946年，唐天成二年～後晉天福十一年，七～二十六歲。柴榮年未童冠，因侍姑母在郭威左右。時郭威無子，傢道淪落，然以柴榮謹厚，故以庶事委之。柴榮悉心經度，資用獲濟，郭威甚憐之，乃養為己子，故名郭榮。期間曾去江陵販運茶葉，一邊做生意，一邊習文練武，從而精通了騎射等武藝，讀了大量史書及黃老著作。及長，棄商隨郭威從戎。
公元936年，後晉天福二年，十六歲。時郭威在劉知遠部下，威妻柴氏卒。
公元947年，後晉天福十二年，二十七歲。農歷2月，郭威等勸劉知遠在太原即皇帝位，仍用“天福”年號。農歷閆7月，郭威以佐命功為樞密副使，加檢校太保。柴榮授左監門衛將軍。
公元949年，後漢乾祐二年，二十九歲。郭威鎮鄴，柴榮任天雄軍牙內部指揮使，領貴州刺史，檢校右僕射。
公元950年，後漢乾祐三年，三十歲。農歷3月，授郭威鄴都留守，樞密使、天雄節度使。柴榮隨郭威在鄴，協助郭威政尚清簡，治績有聲。農歷11月，漢隱帝劉承佑以議事為名殺害了楊邠、史弘肇、王章三位顧命大臣，並誅殺了出鎮鄴都的郭威和柴榮在京的傢屬。郭威的夫人張氏與諸子青哥、意哥，侄守筠、奉超、定哥和柴榮的妻子劉氏及長子宜哥與其二次子皆為漢誅。郭威聞訊，留柴榮在鄴，以清君側舉兵至京郊之北，隱帝出城觀戰，官軍敗績，隱帝被亂軍所殺。郭威入開封，由太後臨朝聽政。是月，契丹南犯，郭威奉命北上抗遼。軍到澶州（今河南濮陽），將士撕裂黃旗，披於威身，擁呼萬歲，返回京都。
公元951年，後周廣順元年，三十一歲。農歷1月，郭威即皇帝位，改元廣順，國號周，史稱後周。是月，授柴榮澶州節度使，檢校太保，封太原郡侯。柴榮在鎮，為政清肅、盜不犯境。澶之裏弄湫隘，公署毀圮，柴榮即廣其街肆，增廨宇，吏民賴之。每旬决囚，贊引律令，辨析中理。農歷8月，郭威故夫人柴氏追立為皇后。農歷12月，柴榮加檢校太傅、同平章事。
公元953年，後周廣順三年，三十三歲。農歷3月，郭威將重臣、樞密使王峻黜往外地，柴榮從澶州節度使任上出任開封尹兼功德使，封晉王。農歷8月，柴榮第四子宗訓生於澶州府第。農歷10月，封柴榮為頓遞使。農歷12月，柴榮陪郭威郊廟行事。
公元954年，後周顯德元年，三十四歲。農歷1月，郭威大赦天下，改廣順四年為顯德元年。加晉王榮兼侍中，判內外兵馬事。宰臣馮道加守太師，範質加上書左僕射，監修國史，李𠔌加左僕射、集賢殿大學士。王溥為中書侍郎、平章事。郭威寢病，召外甥重進受顧，令拜柴榮，以定君臣之分。臨終前，屢戒柴榮，死後用紙衣瓦棺，不修地宮，不要守陵宮人，不得用石人、石獸，衹立一石記子，鎸字雲：“大周天子臨晏駕，與嗣帝約，緣平生好儉素，衹令著瓦棺紙衣葬，若違此言，陰靈不相助。”不久，郭威病逝，終年五十一歲。晉王榮在柩前即位。農歷3月，大赦天下，免諸道州府所欠去年夏秋租稅。農歷4月，郭威葬於新鄭郭店，陵曰嵩陵，廟號太祖，謚曰聖神恭肅文武孝皇帝。北漢勾結契丹南犯，柴榮召大臣議欲親徵，宰相馮道極力止，柴榮因言：“唐初，天下草寇蜂起，並是太宗親平之。”道奏曰：“陛下得如太宗否？”柴榮怒曰：“馮相何少也！”乃罷其相位。曰：“以我兵力之強，破劉崇山壓卵耳！”他率軍兼程速進，在高平之南與北漢軍遭遇時，右軍樊愛能，何徽部不戰遁潰。在危險時刻，柴榮不畏矢石冒死督戰，北漢驍將張元徽被殺，劉崇軍敗北，契丹軍退逃。此戰鞏固了柴榮的地位，他趁勝整飭軍紀。樊愛能、何徽等70多名將士因臨陣脫逃悉數斬殺，同時對作戰有功的李重進、趙匡胤等將士給予重賞。册封衛國夫人符氏為皇后。農歷5月，柴榮又乘勝追擊，將北漢都城太原包圍，但由於糧餉不繼，未能拿下太原。農歷6月，下詔班師，車駕發離太原。過新鄭親拜嵩陵，祭奠而退。農歷7月，拜範質為司守徒兼門下侍郎、平章事、宏文館大學士；李𠔌為守司徒兼門下侍郎、平章事、監修國史；王溥為中書侍郎兼禮部尚書、平章事、集賢殿大學士。不由科進第的魏仁浦聘為樞密使、檢校太保，面對議者曰：“顧纔何如耳！”百官上表請以農歷9月24日誕聖日為“天清節”，從之。農歷9月，右屯衛將軍薛訓，因“監雍兵倉，縱吏卒陪斂”被除名，流放沙門島。宋州巡檢供奉官、副都知竹奉璘於寧陵縣，因“盜經商船不捕獲”被斬。農歷10月，柴榮吸收高平之戰周軍將不用命、士不能戰的教訓，下令整頓軍隊，他說：“侍衛士兵，老少相半，強弱不分。”“況百戶農夫，未能瞻一甲士。且兵在精不在衆，宜一一點選。精銳者為上軍，怯懦者任從安便，庶期不用，又不虛費。”柴榮遂命趙匡胤負責，廣募天下壯士“選取優者為殿前諸班”，通過整頓，禁衛軍成為一支威震鄰國無比強大的軍隊。趙匡胤升為殿前都虞侯，張永德出任殿前都指揮使。在葉縣巡檢日，“挾私斷殺平民”的供奉官郝光庭以“棄市”處决。左羽林大將軍孟漢卿，以“監納厚取耗餘”之罪，令其自盡。農歷11月，黃河鄆州界决口，“數州之地，洪流為患。”柴榮派宰相李𠔌監築河堤，徵發丁六萬人，三十日而罷。
公元955年，後周顯德二年，三十五歲。農歷1月，柴榮詔：“在朝文班，各舉堪為令錄者一人。雖因族近親，亦無妨嫌。授官之日，各署舉主姓名，若在貪官濁不任，懦弱不理並量事輕重，連坐舉主。”農歷3月詔：“應逃戶莊田，並許人請射承佃，供納租稅。”委派忠武節度使王彥超與彰信節度使韓通帶領士兵，徵發民夫疏通深州和冀州之間的鬍盧河。並在李晏口夾鬍盧河修建城壘，派重兵戍守。又派德州刺史張藏英召募邊境驍勇之民組成一支精悍的邊軍，形成了一道堅固的防綫，邊民得以安居樂業。為選拔人才，詔曰：“國傢設貢舉之司，求英俊之士，務詢文行方中科名。比聞近年以來，多有濫進，或以年勞而得第，或因媒勢以出身。今歲所放舉人，試令看驗，果見紕繆，須至去留。”柴榮親自閱覽新舉進士的詩賦、論文與策文。農歷4月，詔於京城四面別築羅城，期以來春興役。令近臣二十餘人，各撰《為君難為臣不易論》、《平邊策》各一首，柴榮親覽之。並采納比部郎中王樸的“攻取之道，從易者始”的建議，製定了“先南後北”的戰略。農歷5月，廢童子、經明二科及條貫考試次第。柴榮派嚮訓、王景率軍西徵後蜀，欲收復秦、風、成、階四州。是月，下詔：“諸道府州縣鎮村坊應有敕額寺院，一切仍舊，其無敕額者並仰停廢”，“今後不得創造寺院蘭若”，並“禁私變僧尼”。當年廢寺院三萬三百三十六所，還俗僧尼多達六萬一千二百人。農歷7月，因西徵之師，軍需供應不繼，戰事陷於僵局，周將執意請求罷兵。柴榮派趙匡胤作為特使前往秦州前綫視察戰局，及回，具以事實上奏，極言秦、鳳諸州可取。柴榮提拔王景兼西南面行營都招討使，嚮訓兼西南面行營都監。農歷9月，詔禁天下銅器，始議立監鑄錢。規定除“縣官法物，軍器次寺觀鐘磬鈸鐸之類所留外，自餘民間銅器、佛像，五十日內悉令輸官，給其值。過期隱匿不輸，五斤以上處死，不及者論刑有差。”農歷閏9月，大破西川軍，秦、成、階三州相繼歸附。農歷11月，周軍最後攻剋鳳州，收復四州之地。農歷12月，命起居郎陶文舉徵殘租於宋州。文舉本酷吏也，宋民被其刑者凡數千，冤號之聲聞於道路，有悼髦之輩，不勝其刑而死者數人，物議以為不允。
公元956年，後周顯德三年，三十六歲。農歷1月，發丁夫十萬城京師羅城。柴榮下詔親徵南唐，派李𠔌、李重進、趙匡胤等戰將出徵。後來發現李𠔌怯懦，李重進戰無不剋，遂將李𠔌調開，任命李重進為淮南道行營指揮使，從而大敗唐軍，取滁、揚、秦、光、舒、蘄六州。後因雨季來臨，留李重進軍圍攻壽州，農歷5月班師回京。農歷5月，柴榮徵集工匠“於大梁城西汴水側造戰艦數百艘，命唐降卒教北人水戰。數月之後，縱橫出沒，殆絶唐兵。”農歷7月，皇后符氏薨於滋德殿，終年二十六歲。農歷8月，端明殿學士王樸撰成新歷上之，命曰《顯德欽天歷》，並開始行用。王樸於農歷9月升任尚書戶部侍郎，樞密副使。農歷10月，葬宣懿皇后於懿陵。詔：“漳河以北都縣，並許????貨通商，逐處有鹹鹵之地，一任戶煎煉。”趙匡胤晉升為匡國軍節度使、兼殿前都指揮使，躋身於後周大將行列。農歷11月，放華山隱者陳摶歸山。柴榮說：“帝素聞摶有道術，徵之赴闕，月餘放還歸隱。”農歷12月，故襄邑縣令劉居方在任廉潔，死後贈右補闕，子劉士衡賜學究出身，以奬廉吏。
公元957年，後周顯德四年，三十七歲。農歷1月，詔天下見禁罪人，除大辟處，一律釋放。準兵部上書張昭上言：“編修太祖實錄及梁、唐二末帝實錄。”農歷2月，柴榮再次親徵南唐，攻破南唐援軍紫金山寨，剋壽州。消滅唐軍四萬人，獲船艦數百艘，錢帛器械無數，車駕發下蔡還京。農歷4月，故彭城郡夫人劉氏册封為皇后。故皇弟、皇子均贈封，故皇妹册封。農歷5月，李重進、嚮訓、張永德、趙匡胤等因功晉升官職。宰臣範質、李𠔌、王溥並爵邑，改功臣。樞密使魏仁浦加檢校太傅進封開國公。農歷8月，升王樸為樞密使，檢校太保。前濮州刺史鬍立自蜀回。農歷10月，先期刺令光廣造軍士袍襦，不即辦集，命斬之。至是以小過見誅，人皆冤之。詔懸製科凡三，其一曰賢良方正能直言極諫科，其二曰經學優深可謂師法科，其三曰詳閑吏理達於教化科。不限資、見任職官，黃衣草澤並許應召。農歷11月，柴榮親率諸軍第三次徵南唐，攻濠州、敗唐軍於渦。遂鼓行而東，沿淮城柵，所至皆下。農歷12月泗州守將以城降，柴榮親率水陸大軍東下，得敵艦船三百餘艘，加之周軍數百艘艦船，水陸俱奔，所嚮皆捷，連降濠州、漣水、亳州。
公元958年，後周顯德五年，三十八歲。農歷1月，柴榮親攻楚州，遇到楚軍防御使張彥卿的誓死奮擊，周兵死傷甚重。“拔之，斬偽守將張彥卿等，六軍大掠，城內軍民死者萬餘人，廬捨焚之殆盡。”農歷2月，車駕發楚州南巡，破揚州，繼續擴大戰果。農歷3月，幸泰州、廣陵、迎鑾江口，大敗敵軍。南唐主李璟遷陳覺奉表陳情，獻貢品，被迫譴人獻四州之地，畫江為界，歲輸貢物十萬，以求息兵。柴榮悉平江北，得州十四，縣六十。南唐去帝稱號，衹稱“江南國主”。令翰林學士李昉對被貢者進行復試。詔曰：“比者以近年貢舉，頗事有循，頻詔有司精加試練，所冀去留無濫，優秀昭然。昨據貢院奏，今年新及第士等，所試文字或有否臧，奚命辭臣再今考覆，庶涇、渭之不雜，免玉石之相參。”農歷4月，車駕發揚州還京。新太廟城，遷五廟神主入於其室。農歷5月，下詔：“侍衛諸軍及諸道將士各賜等第優給。應行營將士殉於王事者，各與贈官；親的子孫，並量纔錄用；傷夷殘廢，別賜救接。淮南諸州及徐、宿、宋、亳、陳、穎、許蔡等州，所欠去年秋夏稅物，並於除放。”農歷6月，命竇儼參定雅樂。有司奏御膳料，柴榮批曰：“朕之常膳今後減半，餘人依舊。”兵部尚書張昭等撰《周太祖實錄》三十捲成。農歷7月，頒行《大周刑統》。賜諸道節度使、刺史《均田圖》。農歷10月，詔淮南諸州鄉軍，並放歸農。均定河南六十州稅賦。頒行《均田圖》。詔曰：“言念地徵，罕臻藝極，須並行均定，所冀永適輕重……”讓地方官吏均定田賦。並派官吏巡行諸州，丈量土地，以據田畝，定稅賦。農歷11月，詔翰林學士竇儼，集文學之士，撰集《大周通禮》、《大周正樂》。農歷12月，楚州兵馬都監武懷恩，因擅殺降卒棄市。楚州防御使張順因貪污榷稅錢五十萬，官絲二千兩賜死。詔重定諸道州府幕職令錄佐官料錢，其州縣官俸戶宜停。
公元959年，後周顯德六年，三十九歲。農歷1月，詔：“每年新及第進士及諸聞喜宴，宜令宣徽院指揮排比。”“禮部貢院今後及第舉人，逐科等第定人數姓名，並所試文學奏文，候敕下發榜。”農歷2月，發徐、宿、宋、單等州丁夫數萬瀎汴河。發滑、亳二州丁夫瀎五丈河，東流於定陶，入濟，以通青、鄆水運之路。又疏蔡河，以通陳、潁水運之路。左補闕王德成因舉官不當，左遷右贊善大夫。農歷4月，柴榮親率諸軍北伐契丹。至寧州，刺史王洪以城降。之後，領兵水陸俱下，至益津關，契丹守將終廷暉以城降。至瓦橋關，守將姚內斌以城降。鄚州刺史劉楚信以州降。農歷5月，瀛州刺史高彥暉以本城歸順。這次出師，僅四十二天，兵不血刃，連收三關三州，共十七縣。柴榮正準備乘勝奪取幽州，遇疾而返。農歷6月，柴榮因病班師回到汴京，解除張永德殿前都點檢職務，升趙匡胤為檢校太傅、殿前都儉點。立魏王符彥卿女為皇后。以皇長子宗訓為特進左衛上將軍，封梁王；以第二子宗讓為左驍衛上將軍，封燕國公。農歷6月19日柴榮駕崩，終年三十九歲，其子柴宗訓柩前即位，時年七歲。範質、王溥、魏仁浦並相，執掌朝政。農歷11月，葬柴榮於新鄭陵上村，謚曰睿武孝文皇帝，陵曰慶陵，廟號世宗。以貞惠皇后劉氏附焉。
周世宗改革
周世宗柴榮（921—959）後周第二代皇帝。邢州竜岡（今河北邢臺）人，後周太祖郭威的內侄和養子，後周開國皇帝太祖郭威在位期間，曾就恢復農業生産、革除纍朝弊政推行了一係列有效的措施。顯德元年（954），柴榮即位，廣泛收羅人才，繼續推行改革。政治上，澄清吏治，嚴明賞罰，懲治貪贓，倡導節儉，力戒奢華。經濟上，鼓勵逃戶回鄉定居，減免各種無名科斂，安撫流民，招民墾殖逃戶田，編製《均田圖》，派遣使者分赴各地均定田租，查實隱匿耕地，使之均攤正稅，廢除麯阜孔氏的免稅特權，動員民衆興修水利，疏瀎漕運；停廢敕額（朝廷給予寺名）外的寺院 3 萬餘所，敕額外僧尼一律還為編戶，禁私度僧尼；收購民間佛像銅器鑄錢，緩解了唐末以來長期缺錢的局面。軍事上，整肅軍紀。顯德元年，處决了與北漢作戰時臨陣潰逃並劫掠輜重，揚言周軍已敗的禁軍大將樊愛能、何徽以及中級將校 70 餘人。班師後，檢閱禁軍，裁汰老弱，選募壯勇，組成了精銳的中央禁軍。周世宗還修訂刑律，修訂歷法，考正雅樂，廣搜遺書，雕印古籍。顯德二年，世宗采用王樸提出的“先易後難”的戰略方針，致力於統一全國的大業，先出兵後蜀，收回 4 州。次年伐南唐，經三年苦戰，收回淮南、江北 14 州 60 餘縣。六年徵遼，收回燕雲 16 州中的 3 州，五月間，乘勝進取幽州，突患重病，被迫班師，六月卒，年 39 歲。世宗柴榮在政治、經濟和軍事上的改革及成就，為北宋統一全國奠定了基礎。
柴榮
周世宗滅佛
後周顯德二年（955）五月，後周世宗詔天下寺院，非敕賜寺額者皆廢之，所有功德佛像及僧尼並於當留寺院中，今後不得再造寺院。禁私度僧尼，凡欲出傢者，須先取得祖父母、父母、伯叔同意，方許出傢。唯兩京、大名府（今河北大名東北）、京兆府（今陝西西安）、青州（今山東益都）置戒壇。禁僧俗捨身、斷手足、煉指、帶鈴、挂燈、毀破身體等。有如所犯，所在嚴斷，遞配邊遠，勒令還俗。重者準格律處分。令兩京及諸州每年造僧帳兩本，一本奏聞，一本申祠部。有死亡還俗隨時開落。當年廢寺院三萬O三百三十六座，存二千六百九十座。有僧四萬二千四百四十四，尼一萬八千七百五十六。此即佛教史上著名的周世宗滅佛。至九月，周世宗又以縣官久不鑄錢，而民間多銷毀銅錢造器皿及鑄佛象，於初一，敕立監采銅鑄錢，除縣官法物、軍器及寺觀鐘磬鈸鐸之外，民間銅器、佛像，限五十日內全部送官，官給價值；過期匿而不送，五斤以上死罪，一斤以下徒二年。
周世宗大義責夏州
後周顯德二年（955）正月，定難節度使（治夏州，今內蒙白城子）李彝殷不滿與之相鄰的府州（今陝西府𠔌）折氏升為節度使，與自己並列，拒絶府州使節通過其轄境入周。周世宗柴榮與宰相商議，宰相以為夏州是邊鎮，嚮來加以優恤，而府州偏小，無關大局，宜撫諭李彝殷。但世宗以為府州折德扆忠心對周，抗北漢，不可一旦棄之，夏州衹産羊馬，而貿易百貨全部仰仗中原。於是遣供奉官齊藏珍賫詔書責李彝殷。李彝殷謝罪。
Life experience experience
Chai Rongrong installed as
AD 926, the first year after the Tang Tiancheng, six years old. Guo Wei at Luoyang in Chai Weng married women with Yaoshan wife. It is said that Cai's former imperial Tang Zhuangzong of Latter Tang Pin. April is, straight from the horse from the command to Guo Qian rebellion, Zhuangzong of Latter Tang was killed by marauders. Mingzong of Later Tang (AD Ming cases) after the palace, CZ was released to go home, traveling to Bianshui, rain is more than living in the hostel. Occasional Guo Wei, see his extraordinary physical appearance, at first sight. And Guo Wei Wen Cai's also virtuous, then into marriage.
In the year 947, twelve years after the Jin Tianfu, 20-year-old. Lunar New Year in February, Wei Guo Liu Zhi and so advised in Taiyuan emperor, still with "Tian Fu" reign. Chinese Yan in July, Understandings to Zuoming power as senator Fushi, plus calibration Taibao. Land System did not grant general left prison guard.
AD 951, the first year after the Zhou Guangshun, 31 years old. Lunar New Year in January, Guo Wei emperor, reign title Guangshun, the country week, the history says Fung. The month, the state granted Land System did Chan Jiedushi, calibration Taibao, sealing Taiyuan Jun Hou. Land System did in the town, for the administration of clearing, Pirates of the non-territorial violations. Chan of the neighborhood Qiuai, the Office destroyed collapsed, Land System did that its on Street wantonly, by shrine buildings, Answer to depend on the. Prisoners must every ten days, praised the precepts cited, analyze the reasons. Lunar New Year in August, Ms. Guo Weigu Chai's catch set up as a queen. Lunar New Year in December, Land System did not increase calibration Tutor, with Pingzhang Shi.
AD 954, the first year after the Zhou Xiande, 30-year-old. Lunar New Year in January, Guo Wei Amnesty world, change was de first year Guangshun four years. Add Jinwang Rong and sijung sentenced to internal and external affairs troops and horses. Zai Chen Shou-Feng Dao plus Grand Preceptor, Fan quality books Zuopu She added, Supervisor and the Writer, Lee Valley, plus Zuopu She, Mandarin Palace scholar. Column Joints for the assistant minister in the book, Pingzhang Shi. Understandings of sleep disease, called re-enter by Gu nephew, so thanks to Land System did, to be divided monarch and his subjects. Before his death, and fail to quit Land System did, after the death of paper clothing tile coffin, do not repair the underground palace, do not keep house tomb A person may not use Shiren, Shishou, only up a stone in mind son, Juan word goes: "Great upon the death of the Zhou Pro , and Si is about God, Su Jian Yuan good his life, only to make the tile paper coffin burial clothing, if the breach of remark, Yin Ling does not help solve the problem. "Soon, Guo Wei, died at 51 years of age. Jin Wangrong throne in the coffin. Lunar New Year in March, Amnesty world, free Zhudao state capital last summer and the tax owed. Lunar New Year in April, Guo Wei buried Xinzheng Guodian, Song Ling Yue Ling, Temple name Taizu, posthumous title Wen Wu Xiaohuang Emperor Gong Su said, the Holy Spirit. North Han Qi Dannan guilty of collusion, Land System did not want a personal expedition called Ministers meeting, Prime Minister Feng Dao strongly only, Land System did for words: "Early, the world bandits uprisings, and the level of the clan too." Tao played, saying: "Your Majesty may like too were not? "Land System did not anger said:" Mr Ho, also with! "is stop the phase. Said: "The strength of my strength, breaking eggs, Liu Tsung-Shan pressure ears!" He led his army into the hardships in speed, in the South and the North Han Gaoping encounters, Youjun Fan but love, not war escape Ho Hui Department of collapse. In dangerous times, Land System did not fear Shishi risking supervise operations, the North Han Xiao Qiang Zhang Yuan Hui killed, Liu Chongjun defeat, Khitan army fled back. The war strengthened the position of Land System did he take advantage of military discipline wins straighten. Fan love to, how the hui of more than 70 men because of funk all beheaded, while Lee to re-enter active combat, Kuangyin other men to give generous rewards. Canonized defending his wife's character as Queen. Lunar New Year in May, Land System did they win the siege the North Han capital of Taiyuan, but forage is not following, could not win the Taiyuan. Lunar New Year in June, issued an edict return after victory, driving them away from the Taiyuan hair. Song Ling Guo Xinzheng pro-prayer, and pay homage to fall back. Lunar New Year in July, thanks to Fan Code of quality for the Division only and Ha assistant minister, Pingzhang Shi, Wang Wen scholar; Lee Valley, Stuart and Ha assistant minister for defense, Pingzhang Shi, Supervisor and the Writer; column Joints for the assistant minister and minister of rites in the book , Pingzhang Shi, Mandarin Palace scholar. Not help families into the first of Wei Ren Pu employed as senator to make, calibration Taibao, The Definition of face meeting: "Gu ru ears only!" Baiguan on the table please Lunar Festival September 24 holy day known as "the clear section," from of. Lunar New Year in September, the right training Tuen Xue Wei generals, for "Yong Bing warehouse supervisor, vertical Lizu accompany convergence" is removed, exiled Salmonella Island. State inspection Gongfeng Guan Song, Zhu Feng-lin, deputy all know in Ningling County, for "Pirates of the capture by the merchant is not" chop. Lunar October, Land System did not absorb the Battle of weeks our military will not Gaoping life, disability can not fight the lesson, the army ordered the consolidation, he said: "The guards, soldiers, young and old with a half strength, regardless." "State of 100 farmers, not to looking for a Jiashi. and soldiers in the fine is not public, should one by one click. who was the military elite, cowardly person would either Congan, the concubine of no, not false charges. "Land System did Suiming Kuangyin responsible for world wide raise warrior "You were selected for the front of the temple all classes", through reorganization, Guards as an extremely powerful military neighbors Megatron. Kuangyin promoted to front of the temple are Yu Hou, Yong-De Zhang as cliffs Douzhihuishi. In Ye County inspection, the "kill off relying on the private citizen," Gongfeng Guan Hao Guangting the "abandoned city" executions. Great General Meng Hanqing left Habayashi to "monitor consumption of sodium thick to take over" the crime, make it himself. Lunar New Year in November, the Yellow River burst Yun state sector, "the number of state land, flood infestation." Land System did not send Prime Minister Lee valley prison building embankments, small levy made six million people on the 30th and stop.
AD 955, two years after the Zhou Xiande, 30-year-old. Lunar New Year in January, Land System did Chao: "In the Korean language classes, all held Kansas to make recorded by one person. Although the result of family relatives, it is harmless too. Granted official date, the Department held the primary name, if corrupt officials voiced no office, cowardice is not management and traffic incident severity, and even give the main sit. "Lunar Mar. Chao:" families should escape Zhuang Tian, and Xu Cheng-tenant who requested the radio for the tax inclusive. "designated Chungmu Jiedushi extended end and Akinobu Jiedushi Korea led the soldiers through , Zheng made porters to clear the deep state and Hu Lu River between Jizhou. And Yen-Wu Lo River mouth folder to build the city-base, send massive guarding. Germany and Britain also sent a prefectural governor Zhang Tibetan border recruitment of people brave the composition of a lean and side arms, forming a strong line of defense, border residents to live and work. For the selection of personnel, Chao said: "State based Imperial Examination in the Division, seeking handsome people in, service line prescription consultation paper Fatalism. Than the news in recent years, many have abused into, or derived from the first years of labor, or for potential media in origin. and this year the release of lifts, try to make watching experience, see the defects of the fruit must be to the fate of. "Land System did not personally view the new move Scholar in Poetry, paper and policy paper. Lunar New Year in April, Chao in Beijing is surrounded by other building Rochester, since the spring of Xing labor. Elegance 20 more than that, the essays, "King and can not do anything hard on Robinson," "flat and policy," the one, Land System did not view the parents. And the adoption of the Department of herbalist Wang Pu than the "capture of the Road, who started from easy," the proposal to develop a "first after the North South" strategy. Lunar New Year in May, waste of young boys and amended by the next two subjects consistent test sequence. Land System did not send to the training, led his army expedition Sandra Shu, Qin want to recover the wind, into, order four states. A month, issued an edict: "Zhudao the counties, towns and villages Square should be the amount of imperial temples, all still, its no amount of imperial person and Yang-stop waste," "future, if not create a temple blue" and "no private changing of monks and nuns" . Then spent 30 000 336 monasteries, monks and nuns to flee as many as 61,200 people. Lunar New Year in July, due to Make-division quartermaster supply does not continue, the war came to a deadlock week will insist on request Dismissed from Military. Land System did not send Kuangyin as a special envoy to the war situation Qinzhou inspect the front, and back to actually playing with very words Qin, Feng states were desirable. Land System did Sandra and the southwest line of business promotion are Zhaotao so, to the southwest line of business is training and supervision. Lunar New Year in September, the world bronze Chao ban, before the proposed legislation monitoring Coining. In addition to the provisions of "magistrate possessions, military device plays temple Zhong Qing Bo Duo like the leave, the civil society from more than bronze, Buddha, lost 50 days of Xiling officer, to its value. Expired hide not lose five pounds or more death, less than a poor person on the punishment. "lunar leap in September, a large breaking Nishikawa Jun, Qin, Cheng-order three states have join themselves. Lunar New Year in November, the military last week captured Fung states, four states to recover the land. Lunar New Year in December, give life Qiju Lang Tao Zheng Song residual rent to the state. Wen also held the cruel officials, Song China was where thousands of his torturers, number of grievous injustice road, there is mourning fashionable fellow with a few to cope with their punishment of the deceased person, physical meeting that refused.
AD 956, three years after the Zhou Xiande, 30-year-old. Lunar New Year in January, the Capital city of Rochester issued Dingfu million. Southern Tang Land System did not even ordered a personal expedition to send Lee Valley, Lee re-entered, Kuangyin such war will set off. Lee Valley was found to cowardice, Lee re-enter the war every nation, ordered to Lee Valley to mix the appointment of Lee to re-enter the command to Huainan Daoxing camp, which defeated the Safeguard access Chu, Yang, Qin, light, comfortable, pray six states. Later, because of the rainy season, leaving Lee re-enter the besieged Shouzhou Lunar May triumphant return back to Beijing. Lunar New Year in May, Land System did not collect craftsman "in the west Bianshui side beams create hundreds of ships warships, who lives north of Tang Jiang Zu teach water war. A few months later, vertical and horizontal planes Tang Bing Almost never." Lunar New Year in July, the Queen's character Shigenori's demise in the house all year round 20-year-old. Lunar New Year in August, end of the Ming Palace Park Zhuancheng Wang Bachelor of new calendar, Ming Yue "was Deqin-day calendar" and use the starting line. King Park in September he was promoted to the Lunar New Book of Hubushilang, senator Fushi. Lunar New Year in October, was buried at Queen's in the Yi Ling Yi Xuan. Chao: "Zhanghe all counties north and goods trade of salt, a salt brine by the Department, the term household fried refining." Kuangyin promoted to Kuangguo Jun Jiedushi, and front of the temple Duzhihuishi, ranks among the Later Zhou Dynasty generals . Lunar New Year in November, up Huashan mountain hermit Tuan return. Land System did said: "The Emperor Su Wen Tuan Ethics in surgery, signs of Fuque, more than a month release also hermit." Lunar New Year in December, so the magistrate Liu Xiang Yi home side in any clean, death grant the right Buque, son Liu Shiheng give pedant origin, to award Lian Li.
In AD 957, four years after the Zhou Xiande, 30-year-old. Lunar New Year in January, Ban Chao sinners see the world, in addition to a large provision of office, should be released. Ministry of War a letter to prospective Zhao Shang Yan: "Compilation Taizu Record and beams, Tang 2 Modi Record." Lunar New Year in February, Land System did once again a personal expedition Southern Tang Dynasty, defeated the Southern Tang Yuanjun purple cottage, g Shouzhou. Eliminate Tangjun four million people, hundreds of boats were ships, Qian Bo numerous instruments, driving them down for Choi also in Beijing. Lunar New Year in April, so Ms. Peng Chengjun Liu canonized as the Queen. Therefore, Huang Di, the Prince grants are closed, so Huang-mei canonized. Lunar New Year in May, Lee re-enter, to training, Yong-De Zhang, Kuangyin other promotion office for success. Zaichen quality Fan, Li Gu, column Joints and Jazz eup, change hero. Senator to add calibration Tutor Pu Wei Ren Feng founding into the public. Lunar New Year in August or King Park for the senator to make, calibration Taibao. Julio from the former prefectural governor Pu Shu back. Lunar October, so that light to create a broad-front puncture Sergeant gown jacket, which do not set, cut the life. Is too small to see Zhu, injustice for everyone. Chao suspension system, all three subjects, one can say virtuous side is very bluntly admonished Division, the second is imitated by the subjects and Excellent deep indeed, the third is set up to educate management leisure Officials Division. Limited information, see office Officer in yellow swamp and Xu summoned. Lunar New Year in November, the Third Land System did not personally led armies Southern Tang Zheng, Hao Zhou attack, defeated Tang Jun in the vortex. Drum line and then east, along the Huaihe River City gate, under the Centre at all. Chinese city in December to drop Sizhou Morimasa, Land System did not personally led the East under water Lu Dajun, was three hundred enemy ships vessels, plus the week of hundreds of military ships, land and water all ran, as to both the Czech Republic, with lower Ho state, Lianshui Bozhou.
AD 958, five years after the Zhou Xiande, 30-year-old. Lunar New Year in January, Land System did not pro-attack Chuzhou, Chu defense to face the fight to the death Endeavor Zhang Yanqing, Zhou Bing very heavy casualties. "The pull, cut and other pseudo-Wu Jiang Zhang Yanqing, six troops were swept, the city thousand dead soldiers and civilians who farmhouse burning of depleted." Lunar New Year in February, driving them made Chuzhou southern tour, breaking Yangzhou, to continue to build on this. Lunar New Year in March, Fortunately, Taizhou, Guang Ling, Ying Luen estuary, defeat the enemy. Southern Tang Jing Li Cheng Chen Jue Fengbiao petition to move, and offered tribute, offering four states were forced to condemn the land, painting river as the boundary-year-old lost thousands of tribute, in order to truce. Land System did note flat Jiangbei, Texas 14, County 60. Southern Tang Dynasty to the title, only "the Jiangnan Guo Lord." Scholars in order to be Gong Li Fang, who on the second interview. Chao said: "In recent years than those with imperial examination, things are quite through, plus fine frequency Chao Yuji Shi Lian, the fate of no abuse of Hebei, good plain. Gongyuan played yesterday, according to this year's new and third persons, etc., the test words or whether Zang, Xi Chen-life speech and then repeat this test, Shu Jing, Wei and the non-hybrid, non-coherent Jade. "Lunar New Year in April, driving them fat, also in Beijing, Yangzhou. New Imperial Ancestral Temple City, moved into their room five ancestral temple. Lunar New Year in May, issued an edict: "The soldiers and guards, armies and Zhu Dao give priority to the ranking. To be martyrs in Wang Shi-line business men who, each with gift officers; pro-children and grandchildren, and volume was hired; injury Yi disability, do not give rescue then. Huainan states were and Xu, Su, Song, Bo, Chen, Ying, Xu Cai and other states, property taxes owed to the summer last fall, and in addition to release. "Lunar New Year in June, will participate in life Dou Yan Yale . Yuji played imperial expected, Land System did not grant said: "I am of the next regular meal by half, over still." Bingbushangshu Zhao Deng Zhuan "Zhou Taizu Record" 30 rolled. Lunar New Year in July, enactment of the "Big Week punishment system." Give Zhudao Jiedushi, governor, "Juntian map." Lunar New Year in October, Chao township in Huainan states were military, and reintroduction of agriculture. State taxes are fixed in Henan 60. Enactment of the "land equalization plan." Chao said: "Words are read to Zheng, Yi Zhen extremely rare, are set to be parallel, the appropriate severity of Ji Yong ... ..." Let local officials are scheduled to land tax. And sent officials patrolling the states were, measuring land to far dispensed land, set taxes. Lunar New Year in November, Chao Han Imperial Academy sinus Yan, Shi-set literature, essays set the "big Zhou Tong Li," "Big Zhou Zheng Music." Lunar New Year in December, soldiers and horses that Commissioner Wu Huaien Chuzhou, so good at killing Xiangzu discarding. Chuzhou defense to make Yao Shun corruption, tax money for half a million, the official silk Prince in 2200. Chao screen replacement Zhudao state capital recorded Sakan grade material to make money, the counties should stop government pension account.
AD 959, six years after the Zhou Xiande, 30-year-old. Lunar New Year in January, Chao: "The new third annual Banquet of Scholars Ji Zhu, Yi Ling Xuan Hui Yuan command Parallelism." "Libu Gongyuan and third lifts, and the future, the number of names given by Section ranking, and the try outs literature text, Under the list of successful candidates waiting Edict. "Lunar New Year in February, issued Xu, Su, Song, single, etc. Tens of thousands of state Ding Fu Chun Bian. Hair slide, Bo 2 state Ding Fu Jun Wuzhang River, flows eastward in dingtao, into the economy in order to pass Green, Yun Shipping road. Also Shu Cai River to pass Chen, Ying Shipping road. The causes of the left held up Quewang De official misconduct, Zuoqian the right Chancery doctor. Lunar New Year in April, Land System did not personally led the Northern Expedition armies Khitan. To in Nanjing, barbed Shi Wanghong to the city down. After all led troops under the surface, to the benefit Jin Guan, Ting-Hui Khitan Morimasa end to the city down. To tile bridge relations, Wu Jiang Yao fall within the bin to the city. Che Liu Chuxin prefectural governor to the state down. Lunar New Year in May, high-Yan Hui Ying prefectural governor to the city of allegiance. The apprenticeship, only 42 days, without firing a shot, even three states received three tests, a total of 17 counties. Land System did not win You state are preparing to exploit a victory, while the back case of illness. Lunar New Year in June, Land System did Bianjing illness triumphant return back to lift the Yong-De Zhang front of the temple are point inspection duties or Kuangyin for the calibration Tutor, before the house are thrifty points. Li Fu-Qing Wu women for the king and queen. To the eldest son of Emperor were training for the special into the left-back on the general, closed King of Liang; to the second child were to Xiao Wei, on the left, General, sealed Yanguo Gong. Lunar Land System did Jiabeng June 19, aged 30-year-old, his son ascended the throne coffin wood were training, when he was seven. Fan nature column Joints, Wei Ren Pu and phase, in charge affairs of state. Lunar November, buried Land System did at Xinzheng Ling Sheung Tsuen, posthumous said, Rui Wu Xiaowen Emperor, Ling Yue-Qing Ling, Temple name Sejong. Chen-Hui Liu attached to the Queen Yan.
And Chai Land System did not (921-959) the second generation of the Later Zhou emperor. Xing Zhou Tatsuoka (now Hebei Xingtai) who, after the Nei Zhi Guo Wei and son, after too Zuguo Wei Zhou Kaiguo during the reign of the emperor, had to restore agricultural production, get rid of Lei Zhao Abuse implemented a series of effective measures. Germany was the first year (954), Land System did reign, widely enlist talent, continue to implement reforms. Politically, to clarify the political corruption, strict punishment and reward, punish corrupt, and promote thrift and guard against extravagance. Economy, by encouraging families returned to their hometowns to escape, relief various obscure subjects grabbing, comfort displaced persons, people move to escape Toda reclamation, establishment of "land equalization plan," are determined to send envoys to go out to farm rents, verified hidden land, so that shared equally positive tax, abolition of duty-free privileges Qufu his charm, mobilization of the public water conservancy, dredging water transport; stop the amount of waste Edict (Temple of the court given name) outside the temple three thousand, all monks and nuns Edict also compiled additional households and ban private degrees Buddhist monks and nuns; acquisition bronze statue of civil money but eased the long-term lack of money situation since the late Tang. Military, military discipline. Germany was the first year of execution and the North Han fled fighting and looting baggage chicken, threatening military has been defeated by the imperial guards Zhou Fan general love to, how school emblem and the intermediate to more than 70 people. After a triumphant return, review the imperial guards, weed out the superfluous and unqualified elderly, election raise Zhuang Yong, a central component of the elite imperial guards. And Chai also revised the criminal law to amend the calendar, court music test is widely found a suicide note and embossing Books. Germany was two years, by King Sejong Park's "easy things first," the strategic policy, is committed to the great cause of reunification of the country first sent troops to Shu, to recover four states. Southern Tang cutting the following year, after three years of hard work, back in Huainan, Jiangbei 14 states, more than 60 counties. Six Zheng Liao, Yun Yan, 16 states in the recovery of the 3 states, in May, the follow up a victory ahead You state, sudden serious illness, was forced to withdraw troops from the front, in June and death, the age of 39. Sejong Land System did in the political, economic and military reforms and achievements, as the Northern Song Dynasty laid the foundation for national unity.
Two years after the Zhou Xiande (955) in May, after the temple and Chai Chao world, the amount by key non-Chici waste of Temple, Buddha and Buddhist monks and nuns of all merit when the stay at the monastery in the future, not recycling temple. Ban viscosity Buddhist monks and nuns who want to become a monk who must be made with grandparents, parents, uncles agreed, Fang Xu monks. Only two Beijing Daming prefecture (now northeast Hebei name), Jingzhao House (now Xi'an), Green Island (now Shandong Yidu) home Jie Tan. Forbidden monks and suicide, dismemberment, refining that, with bells, hanging lamps, broken health, and other damage. Like a committed, where the strict off, with remote delivery, ordered to return to secular life. Heavy penalties are quasi-metrical. So that each of the two states were made in Beijing and two monks account, a Zou Wen, an application Cibu. Open at any time of death to flee down. Then waste temple 30 000 O 336, 2 690 deposit. A monk 42 444, Nigeria 18 756. Namely, suppression of Buddhism Buddhism in the history of the famous and Chai. To September, and Chai Youyi the magistrate eventually becoming money but the private and more destruction and cast copper coins made containers like Buddha, was who started mining copper monitor stand imperial money, in addition to the magistrate possessions, military devices and temple Zhong Qing Bo Duo, the folk bronzes, statues, limit 50 days all sent official, the official to the value; date hide and not to send, five pounds more than a capital offense, only two years less a pound.
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