網筆號: | 巢皇 | |||||||||
籍貫: | 蒼梧 | |||||||||
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【出生地】:蒼梧(今湖南九嶷山以南)。
【立都】:石樓山(今山西呂梁市興縣東北)。
【年號】:巢皇。
【簡介】:
中國古代神話中發明巢居的英雄。也稱“大巢氏”。其初,人民穴居野外,受野獸侵害,有巢氏教民構木為巢,以避野獸,從此人民纔由穴居到巢居。《莊子.盜蹠》:“古者禽獸多而人民少、於是民皆巢居以避之。晝拾橡慄、暮棲木上,故命之曰有巢氏之民。”《太平御覽》捲七八引《項峻始學篇》:“上古穴處,有聖人教之巢居,號大巢氏。”晉張華《博物志.雜說上》:“昔有巢氏有臣而貴,任之專國主斷,已而奪之。臣怒而生變,有巢以亡。”
【有巢氏的傳說記載】
有巢氏的傳說在先秦古籍已有記載。莊周說:“古者禽獸 多而入少,於是民皆巢居以避之,晝拾橡慄,暮棲木上,故命 之曰有巢氏之民。”(《莊子·盜蹠》)韓非說:“上古之世,人民少而禽獸衆,人民不勝禽獸蟲蛇,有聖人作,構本為巢以 避群害,而民悅之,使王天下,號曰‘有巢氏’。”(《韓非子.五矗》)有巢氏是傳說遠古發明巢居的人。這一傳說反映了我國原始時代由穴居而進入巢居的情況。《遁甲開山圖》說: “石樓山在琅玡,昔有巢氏治此山南。”(《藝文類聚》捲十一引)琅玡山在山東省諸城市,所謂有巢氏治於此,實不足為信。項峻《始學編》說:“上古皆穴處,有聖人出,教之巢居,今南方巢居,北方穴處,古之遺跡也。”(《太平御覽》捲七十八引)認為巢居開始於南方。《林邑記》也說:“蒼梧已南,有文郎野人,居無屋宅,依樹上住宿,食生肉,采香以為 業,與人交易,若上皇之人。”(《太平御覽》捲一七二引)周去 非說; “深廣之民,結柵以居,上設茅屋,下豢牛豕。其所以然者,蓋地多虎狼,不如是,人畜皆不得安,乃上古巢居之意歟!”(《嶺外代答》捲四)這都說明巢居可能起源於南方。
【原始巢居的發明】
有巢氏神話傳說中人物,漢族人民想象中的始祖,原始巢居的發明者。相傳遠古昊英之世,人少而禽獸衆,為防禦野獸侵害,有巢氏教人構木為巢,白天采摘橡慄,夜晚棲宿樹上。《莊子》載:“古者禽獸多而人民少,於是民皆巢居以避之。”即有巢氏時代。因居巢得名與有巢氏發明巢居有關,而被視為巢湖人。它與同時出現的燧人氏、伏羲氏、神農氏一樣,雖均出自後人虛擬,但也表明了漢族先民堅持生存鬥爭的光榮歷史進程。
【發明巢居具體故事及作用】
史書上說:上古時人類少而禽獸多,人類居住在地面上,經常遭受禽獸的攻擊,每時每刻都存在着傷亡危險。在惡劣環境的逼迫下,部分人類開始往北遷徙。他們來到今山西和陝西一帶,受鼠類動物的啓發,在黃土高原的山坡上打洞,人居住在裏面,用石頭或樹枝擋住洞口,這樣就安全了許多。但是北方氣候寒冷,許多人寧願留在危險的南方,也不肯往北遷移。這時候有巢氏出現了。傳說他出生在九嶷山以南的蒼梧,曾經遊過仙山,得仙人指點而有了超人的智慧。他受鳥類在樹上築巢的啓發,最先發明了“巢居”。他指導人們用樹枝和藤條在高大的樹幹上建造房屋,房屋的四壁和屋頂都用樹枝遮擋得嚴嚴實實,即擋風避雨,又可防止禽獸的攻擊,人們從此不再過那種擔驚受怕的日子。
人們非常感激這位發明巢居的人,便推選他為當地的部落酋長,尊稱他為有巢氏。有巢氏被推選為部落酋長後,為大傢辦了許多好事,名聲很快傳遍中華大地。各部落的人都認為他德高望重,有聖王的才能,一致推選他為總首領,尊稱他為“巢皇”,也就是部落聯盟總部的大酋長。
傳說有巢氏執政後,遷都於北方聖地石樓山。石樓山就在今山西呂梁市興縣東北,當時有巢氏命人在山上挖了一個洞,他就居住在山洞裏處理政務。所以後世人便把石樓山稱作有巢氏的皇都。其實有巢氏時期連一座像樣的房子都沒有,哪裏會有都城呢?
有巢氏時期人類的社會組織已經進入到母係氏族公社階段。當時的社會活動主要是男子打獵和捕魚,女子採集野菜和挖掘塊根。此時人類的婚姻形式已經有了很大改變,不僅排除了兄弟姐妹間的通婚關係,同一族團內部的同輩男女也禁止通婚了。男子衹能選擇其它族團的女子為“妻”,女子衹能選擇其它族團的男子為“夫”。就是說甲族團的一群男子(或女子)可以和乙族團的一群女子(或男子)互為夫妻,這便是母係氏族社會的族外群婚。族外群婚衹准許甲(乙)族團的一群男子夜裏到乙(甲)族團和那裏的一群女子過性生活,第二天早晨這些男子就得回到本族團去,不准許留在女子所在的族團。而女人一生都不准許離開本族團。這種族外群婚相對於血緣群婚,顯然已經有了很大的進步。
【有巢氏故事新解】
“構木為巢”就是在樹上建造巢穴,從“構”字的古體字形來看,構木為巢其實是在樹上將木材交疊架構而成的住所。
在中華大地上,叢林猛獸之中主要是虎、豹、狼和熊四種。毒蛇雖然非常恐怖,但毒蛇並不會主動攻擊人類,不以人類為食,衹要不去招惹它,毒蛇也不會亂殺無辜。人吃飽喝足之後,不過尋個安全處所休息而已,也不招惹是非。所以,對於毒蛇之類大可不必考慮。熊是一種猛獸,其體力大於人,足以殺死一個成年人。但熊是雜食性動物,一般也不以與人類體型差不多的動物為食。所以,衹有虎、豹、狼三種猛獸有可能捕殺人類為食,虎以體型巨大而捕食,狼則以群體戰術求勝,豹子主要捕食比自己體型的動物為食。其中虎和狼是不能上樹的,至於豹子,其體形比人要小一些,一隻豹子很不容易殺死一個成年人,所以儘管豹子能夠上樹,但對人的威脅比虎和狼要小得多。因此,人在休息入睡時也不必太考慮豹子的威脅。這樣以來,人衹要避到樹上,要中華這片大地上,還是有一定安全保障的。所以用木材在樹上建造巢穴,或說原始房屋,基本上可以有效防止毒蛇猛獸的偷襲,人在其中能安然入睡,能得到更好地休息,生存能力提高了一大步。“有巢氏”這個名字本身恰恰自述了這一偉大發明。
除個別大型食肉動物外,所有動物睡眠都處於不安全狀態,因而要尋找藏身場所安睡。小型動物可藏身於自己隱秘的巢穴裏酣睡,無法藏身的動物衹有通過減少睡眠保持警醒狀態來躲避危險。大象每晚睡三四個小時,其中兩小時站着睡,進入夢鄉時由於肌肉過於鬆馳便不得不躺下。長頸鹿每晚一般衹睡兩小時,短睡時常將脖子和腦袋靠在樹枝上以免脖子疲勞,進入睡夢階段便躺下,一般衹能持續二十分鐘。長頸鹿從地上站起要用時一分鐘,使得其逃生能力大打折扣,所以躺下睡眠十分危險。馬每天睡三小時,可以一直站着睡,其四足能牢牢固定在原地,隨時準備逃跑。羚羊一出生就時刻警惕着,以善奔求生。人類早期的生活與這些大型動物相似,睡眠是件很傷腦筋的事情。美國科學家發現睡眠不足可能造成大腦突然出現短路,表現為大腦不穩定,在清醒和睡眠兩種狀態之間頻繁地快速轉換,在轉換狀態的過程中,大腦會出現瞬間功能喪失現象。可以設想,在遠古時期,睡眠不足對人類來說是非常危險的,有了房屋,纔有效解决了這一難題。由此可見,有巢氏“教民構木為巢”正是人類用自己的智慧解决生存之道的一次偉大革命。
英國女學者珍妮·古多爾在《黑猩猩在召喚》一書中介紹說,黑猩猩有在樹上建巢穴入睡的習性。其方法非常之簡陋,無非是把樹枝折彎交疊成為一個能撐托人體的巢,以便躺在上面入睡,大多數情況下都是用過一次就廢棄,每天晚上睡覺前重新做一個。儘管如此,這也是哺乳動物中除人類之外唯一建巢而睡的動物,其它動物則至多是打洞(地洞、山洞、樹洞)而睡。從有巢氏的最古老傳說中可以看出,構木為巢已不僅僅是做個可以躺下的巢,而且具有了一定的遮蔽風雨的功能,“構”字表示構巢者有了一定的思考和設計,這與黑猩猩折木為巢有着本質的飛躍。可以說,這是人類第一次嘗試用智慧(設計)改變生存質量的壯舉,是人猿揖別的拐點所在。
三國時的吳國人項峻在《始學編》中說:“上古皆穴處,有聖人出,教之巢居,今南方巢居,北方穴處,古之遺跡也。”(《太平御覽》捲七十八引)。所謂巢居就是在樹上建巢,穴處則是在地下挖穴而居。這其中透露出一個信息,巢居習俗一直流傳到有文字的歷史時期,並不是古代學者們的憑空想象。有學者研究認為,巢居習俗至少在夏末時還存在着,淮南子說:“湯敗桀於歷山,與末喜同舟浮江,奔南巢之山而死。”有學者研究認為這個南巢就是與夏桀友善並且巢居的一個部落。春秋時期,晉楚交戰,楚共王“登巢車以望晉軍”。這裏的“巢車”,是在八輪車上樹立一根高竿,竿上安轆轤,然後將一個方四尺、高五尺的板屋拉上高竿,用於窺探敵軍動嚮,如同鳥巢一樣。顯然,這種“巢車”與楚地盛行的巢居文化不無聯繫,古人先在樹上巢居,爾後纔有了創造巢車的靈感。也就是說,在春秋中晚期到戰國時期,中華大地上確實存在着一些巢居習俗,使得當時的學者們對遠巢居歷史的猜測有了一定的事實根據。由此出發,我們還可以猜想,目前在南方仍然存在的幹欄式建築(用立柱將房屋支撐起來離開地面的一種建築形式),與巢居也存在一定的傳承關係。這些作法都離不開一個重要的思想,那就是遠古時期由類人猿的折木為巢嚮構木為巢轉變過程中的設計思想。
從現在一些新生事物的發展過程來看,由折木為巢轉嚮構木為巢並不一定是某一個聖賢的靈機一動就自然而然地實現了的,而是經過多代斷斷續續地的探索,逐步積纍中實現的。也就是說有巢氏不是一個偉人,而是前赴後繼的英雄群體,是一個時代的象徵性人物。
【有巢氏名稱及其來歷】
1.有巢氏,又叫“大巢氏”
《始學篇》記載:“上古皆穴處,有聖人教之巢居,號‘大巢氏’。”
《通志·三皇紀》記載:“厥初,先民穴居野處,聖人教之結巢,以避蟲豸之害,而食草木之實,故號‘有巢氏’,亦曰‘大巢氏’。”
《中國遠古和原始社會的傳說及近代考古學的發現》說:“有巢氏,又名‘大巢氏’,因教民巢居而得號。”
2.有巢氏,簡稱“有巢”
魯迅曾取用過這種簡稱,其《自文字至文章》雲:“至於上古實狀,則荒漠不可考,君長之名,且難審知,世以天皇地皇人皇為三皇者,列三纔開始之序,繼以有巢、燧人、伏羲、神農者,明人群進化之程,殆皆後人所命,非真號矣。降及軒轅,遂多傳說,逮於虞夏,乃有箸於簡策之文傳於今。”
著名歷史學家、教育傢徐旭生在其歷史專著中,直接以這種簡稱命題,其曰《有巢、燧人、伏羲、女媧、神農各氏的來源》。
歷史學家尚秉和所著《歷代社會風俗事物考》,其捲一亦以《有巢燧人時社會狀況》為標題。
3.有巢氏,簡稱“巢”
《漢語大詞典》解:“巢,有巢氏的省稱。南朝宋鮑照《河清頌》:‘窺刊崩石,捃逸殘竹,巢風寂寥,羲埃綿邈。”
《六月六日登洞庭西山縹渺峰放歌》雲:“叟童雞犬寂無喧,別有天地疑巢軒。世人不信桃源記,誰知此是真桃源。” 按:此詩為明代詩人黃周星所作。“巢軒”,是指遠古時期的兩個帝王、中華民族兩個功德顯赫的祖先——有巢氏、軒轅氏(黃帝)。這裏以“巢軒”代指遠古之世。《漢語大詞典》此條註解是將“巢”釋為堯時的高士巢父。
《大辭典》解:“巢燧:指古代的‘有巢氏’和‘燧人氏’。唐張九齡《竜池聖德頌》:‘巢燧之前,寂寥無紀;書契而後,煥炳可觀。’”
《先秦史》雲:“吾國開化之跡,可徵者始於巢、燧、羲、農。”
《中國民族史》雲:“巢、燧、羲、農,及黃帝、顓頊、帝嚳、堯、舜等,事跡較可憑信者,必在距今五千年前後也。”
4.“有巢氏”是稱號,這個稱號是後人追贈的
“有巢氏”稱號是後世之人,根據傳說而給“首創巢居”的人追贈的榮譽性稱號。
《韓非子》記載:“上古之世,人民少而禽獸衆,人民不勝禽獸蟲蛇。有聖人作,構木為巢,以避群害,而民說(悅)之,使王天下,號之曰‘有巢氏’。” 按:上列文字摘自“諸子集成”本《韓非子》。《太平御覽》捲七十八皇王部“有巢氏”條引錄此文,略見異同。“禽獸衆”作“禽獸多”,“蟲蛇”作“蛇虺 ”,“民悅之”作“人悅之”。
唐著名詩人陸龜蒙歌頌說:“詞雲太古萬萬古,民性甚野無風期。夜棲止與禽獸雜,獨自構架縱橫枝。因而稱曰有巢氏,民共敬貴如君師。”
文化學者林河說:“在燧人氏之前,人類都是無名的,所謂‘有巢氏’、‘燧人氏’並不是他們的‘自稱’,而是後人的‘他稱’。”
歷史學家王桐齡則從舊時給先王定謚號的法則思考進去,因時代文化和祖先業績而立號:“太古理想之帝名,往往與文化之發生,有接近之聯絡,有巢氏、燧人氏等古帝王之稱號皆然。此自特別取義也,凡人類初開化之時,莫不欲知其本國文化之所自出,而其時尚無文字記載,乃一依故老之口碑以為憑,中國開之開化始於何人?此初民所急欲知之者也。於是,古之學者,乃造為傳說,以解釋國民之疑惑。曰:上古之時,諸事不備,有聖帝出,教民構木為巢,以避爪牙角毒之害,故曰‘有巢氏’。”
5.“有巢氏”既是個人稱號,也是氏族代號
“有巢氏”是那個發明巢居的人的稱號,也是這個人所在的氏族的代號。“有巢氏” 因為功德和地位,自然成為他所在氏族的代表人物,代表人物的稱號便漸成為氏族的代號。
《莊子·盜蹠》記載:“且吾聞之,古者禽獸多而人少,於是民皆巢居以避之。晝拾橡慄,暮棲木上,故命之曰‘有巢氏之民’。”
寧業高、寧業竜考證說:“‘有巢氏’不是神而是個聖人(或者是一個英明的人類群體)……‘有巢氏’不僅代表着一個原始氏族,也代表着一個歷史時代,代表着中國文明史肇端的典型標識。” (《論有巢氏功德與古巢國演延》)
文史學者徐志齊說:“所謂‘倉頡’就是後人對創造文字者的追稱,猶如‘有巢氏’指發明造房屋的最早祖先、‘燧人氏’指鑽隧取火的發明者、‘神農氏’指最早開創農業的民族等一樣,其人是無法考定的。”
6.“有巢氏”既是個人稱號,也是時代名稱
“有巢氏”是那個發明巢居的人的稱號,也是這個人所生息的時代名稱。“有巢氏” 因為功德和地位,自然成為他所在氏族的領袖人物,領袖人物的稱號便漸成為他所生息的時代的名稱。
歷史學家徐旭生曾立《有巢、燧人、伏羲、女媧、神農各氏的來源》專題,對關於有巢氏的史料及歷代研究情況進行綜述和探討,並明確指出:“就現在所能得到的材料去研討,我們可以推斷神農與有巢、燧人為同類,是戰國時的思想傢從社會進步的階段而想出來的指示時代的名詞。”
國學大師錢穆從人類歷史文化演進視角分析得很有道理:“中國古代歷史傳說,極富理性,切近事實,與並世其它民族追述古史之充滿神話氣味者大不相同。如有巢氏代表巢居時期,燧人氏代表熟食時期,庖犧氏代表畜牧時期,神農氏代表耕稼時期。此等名號,本非古所本有,乃屬後人想象稱述,乃與人類歷史文化演進階段,先後符合。此見我中華民族之先民,早於人文演進,有其清明之觀點與合理的想法。”
著名歷史學家翦伯贊認為:“據我們的考察,有巢氏時代的原始人群並不是生存在這樣的一個樂園;反之,而是生存在一個冰雪皚皚的蒙古高原之原野。”
7.稱“大巢氏”,跟古代尊稱習慣相關
稱“大”,“大”者,尊也,敬也。古代用“大”於人稱,往往體現德高、位重、輩長之類。王棕材《世本集覽通論》論:“古人名號與國,多以‘大’稱者,‘循蜚紀’有大騩氏、大敦氏,‘因提紀’有大巢氏,‘禪通紀’有大庭氏,又黃帝師大填,顓頊師大款,黃帝臣大撓、大隗、大丙……伏羲後有大風,少昊後有大費,諸書稱舜曰‘大舜’,禹曰‘大禹’。”
稱“巢”,與有巢氏其人築巢之事跡功德有關。
稱“氏”,這是古代的一種名稱樣式。古文獻中,有關傳說式記載的遠古時代帝王,幾乎一律地都享受這樣的稱謂,如燧人氏、伏羲氏、女媧氏、神農氏、軒轅氏等等,之所以如此,大凡此等稱謂兼有氏族意義、時代意義,還多少包含着對他們的尊敬意味。
【有巢氏在何處建國】
遠古時期,繼“三皇”之後的,是五位赫赫有名的英雄,有巢氏、燧人氏、伏羲氏、女媧氏、神農氏。傳說燧人氏教百姓鑽木取火;伏羲氏教人計數,發明樂器;女媧氏煉七彩石補天,並創造了人類;神農氏遍嘗百草,區分出作物、藥材,使人類有藥可醫。而有巢氏最大的功績,則是率領古人築巢為室,古人得以安居一處,傢園的夢想終成現實。最早的巢居又稱為“樹上居”,顧名思義,是建在樹上的,後來纔延伸到了平地上。
在歷史學家看來,有巢氏更像一首流傳至今的創世史詩。上古之世,古人居無定所,飽受禽獸蛇虺(hui 三聲,古書上說的一種毒蛇)荼毒。後來,有位聖人發現,在樹上建築房屋,既可擋風遮雨,又能躲避禽獸,古人欣喜無比,紛紛效仿,爾後擁立這位聖人為王,號 “有巢氏”。從這個樸素的名號看來,有巢氏早已不是高高在上的神祗,而是一位創造了歷史的平民英雄。
古史的年代越久,給後人留下的謎團也就越多,有巢氏便是如此:他率領子民在哪裏築巢為室?這是一個怎樣的國度?在流傳至今的史籍的縫隙中,後人衹能捕捉一點關於他的流光碎影。《遁甲開山圖》記載,山東琅邪過去有座石樓山,有巢氏曾占據此山,王天下百餘代。這裏似乎是有巢氏王國的政治中心。
無獨有偶,荊楚之地也流傳着有巢氏的傳說。春秋時期,晉楚交戰,楚共王“登巢車以望晉軍”。這裏的“巢車”,是在八輪車上樹立一根高竿,竿上安轆轤,然後將一個方四尺、高五尺的板屋拉上高竿,用於窺探敵軍動嚮,如同鳥巢一樣。顯然,這種“巢車”與楚地盛行的巢居文化不無聯繫,古人先在樹上巢居,爾後纔有了創造巢車的靈感。揚雄《荊州箴》曾有“南巢茫茫,包荊與楚”之句,這裏的“南巢”即是荊楚之地,夏代末年,這裏生活着一個叫南巢氏的部落,是夏的同盟部族,夏桀還曾來此避難;後來,南巢逐漸成為荊楚之地巢居民族的通稱,有學者認為,有巢氏可能正是來自於荊楚之地衆多的巢居民族。
再或者,有巢氏是來自於巴蜀之地的一個古老部落。宋人羅泌的《路史》有過這樣一條記載:“有巢氏居於 ”。清人張澍在《蜀典》一書中認為,這個“ ”,不是西南夷昆明族,便是一個叫彌牟鎮的地方,而彌牟鎮就在今天的新都縣。透過甲骨文,我們似乎能找到另一條綫索。歷史上,周人對一個叫“巢”的小國並不友好,不遠千裏派兵徵討,似乎有什麽深仇大恨,蜀人與周人也有過節,怪不得在周王朝的青銅器上,巢、蜀連在了一起。學者譚繼和認為,巢、蜀兩國可能相距不遠,巢國與蜀國相連,它的得名,或許源於部落巢居的傳統。昆明族,彌牟鎮,靠近蜀地的巢國,無不彰顯着有巢氏與巴蜀之地的神秘聯繫。
【Introduction】:
Youchaoshi ancient legend has been recorded in the Qin Dynasty. Zhuang Zhou said: "The ancient who spends little more than animals, so as to avoid the nesting Min Jie, day and pick up oak chestnut, twilight perch, it said, Youchaoshi of life of the people." ("Dao Zhi" ) Han Fei said: "The ancient world, people and animals less public, the people of numerous animal Chong Yi, there are saints for, construction of the base for the nest to avoid harm, and Yue of China, so TONGJI, Hao Yue 'Youchaoshi' . "(" Human Nature. 5 Jinchu ") Youchaoshi the legendary ancient people who invented nesting. This legend reflects the primitive era in China from the cave and into the nesting situation. "Dun Jia mountains map", said: "Stone House Hill in Langya, former Youchaoshi rule this Shannan." ("Art class together," Juan Shiyi cited) Langya Mountain in Shandong province Zhucheng, the so-called Youchaoshi governance this is really not credible. Xiang Jun "before school code," said: "The ancient caves are there saints out to teach the nesting, this southern nesting, northern caves, the remains of the ancient." ("Tai Ping Yu Lan" VII 18 cited) that nesting began in the South. "Lin Yi Ji" also said: "Cangwu has been South, there Fumio Savage, no residence depends on the residence, according to the tree to stay, eat raw meat, incense that mining industry, with the transaction, if Uehata person." ("Tai Ping Yu Glance, "Volume 72 Citation) weeks to non-said;" breadth and depth of the people, end gate to home, the cottage set, the next Huan Niu wiring. it is exactly those covered to more tigers than that humans and animals are not safe, is Secular meaning ancient nesting! "(" ridge outside to answer the "volume IV) which shows that nesting may have originated in the South.
【Invented the story and the role of specific nesting】
Legend Youchaoshi power, moved the capital to the Holy Land stone floor in the north mountains. Stone House Hill in this northeast Xing County in Shanxi Luliang City was Youchaoshi ordered a hole dug in the mountains, he lived in a cave for Home Affairs. After the stone floor, so people Bianba called Youchaoshi the Royal Hill. In fact, even a decent period Youchaoshi no house, where it will be the capital?
"Structure of wood as nest" is built nests in the trees, from the "structure" characters look old body shape, structure of wood to nest in the trees are actually overlapping structure made of wood home.
In the land of China, mainly among the jungle beast tiger, leopard, wolf and bear the four. Although snakes are terrorist, but the snake and will not attack human beings, not to humans for food, as long as not to provoke it, and snakes will not kill innocent people indiscriminately. After people satiate, but find a safe place to rest it, or unassuming. Therefore, poisonous snakes and the like need not be considered. Bear is a beast, its strength is greater than one, enough to kill an adult. But the bear is omnivorous, usually not to the human body with similar animals. Therefore, only the tiger, leopard, wolf three kinds of wild animals for food may kill humans, the tiger to a great size and prey, wolves Zeyi group tactics to win, leopards prey than the main body of the animals to eat their own. One tiger and the wolf is not on the tree, as leopards, their body smaller than a man, a leopard is not easy to kill an adult, so despite the leopards to the tree, but the threat to human than the tiger and the wolf to much smaller. Therefore, when people fall asleep without too much break to consider the threat of leopards. This way, people just avoid the tree, this piece of land to China, or have a certain security guarantees. Therefore, the use of wood in the construction of nest trees, or that the original housing, basically prevent snake beast attack, in which people can sleep peacefully, to get better rest, a big step to improve survivability. "Youchaoshi" The name itself is precisely the great inventions of this readme.
Apart from individual large carnivores, all animals are in a safe state of sleep, so sleep to find hiding places. Small animals can hide in their secret lair in deep sleep, unable to hide the animals only by reducing the sleep state and remain vigilant to avoid danger. Elephants, three or four hours sleep per night, in which stood two hours sleep, to sleep when the muscles are too loose because they had to lie down. Two hours of sleep per night giraffe general, short sleep from time to time to the neck and head leaning against a branch to avoid neck fatigue, lay down into the sleep stage, usually only last 20 minutes. Giraffe stood up from the floor for a minute to use when making their escape capability greatly reduced, so lie down and sleep very dangerous. Ma sleeps three hours a day, you can have standing to sleep, its four feet can be firmly fixed in place, ready to flee. Antelope was born on alert, with good survival Ben. Early human life and large animals like these, sleep is a very nerve-racking thing. U.S. scientists have found that lack of sleep can cause a sudden short-circuit the brain, showing brain unstable state in between awake and sleep two frequent fast conversion, the conversion state of the process, the brain appears the phenomenon of transient loss of function. Can imagine that, in ancient times, lack of sleep is very dangerous for humans, and with housing, only effective solution to this problem. Thus, Youchaoshi "Christians structure of wood for the nest," it is human wisdom to solve their own survival of a great revolution.
Three Kingdoms of Wu were items of Jun in the "beginning of school code," said: "The Elder are caves, there are saints out to teach the nesting, this southern nesting, northern caves, ancient of sites that could." ("Tai Ping Yu Lan "VII 18 Citation). The so-called nesting is built nests in trees, caves are in the ground Waxue door. Of which revealed a message, nesting has been observed to have spread word of the historical period, not the ancient scholars imagined. Some scholars study suggests that, at least in the late summer nesting practices appear when it was, Huai said: "Tom defeated Jie in Alexandra, and the end of HI on the same boat floating river, the mountain of Ben Southern nest died." Some scholars think that this study Xia Jie is with friendly, the South Nest and nesting of a tribe. Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Chu war, of Chu, "Teng Jin nest car to look." Here the "nest car", is to erect an eight-wheel Gao Gan, poles security pulley, and then a square four feet, high-five feet of the board houses linked together Gao Gan, for the spy enemy movements, as in the nest the same. Obviously, this "nest car" and the prevalence of nesting Chu culture was not without contact, the ancients first nesting in the trees, later cars have the inspiration to create nests. That is, in the late Spring and Autumn Warring States period in the vast land of China there are indeed some nesting practices, scholars have so far then the history of speculation that nesting has some basis in fact. Based on this, we can guess, is still present in the South dry bar architecture (with columns supporting the housing from the ground up as a built form), and nesting there are some inheritance relations. These practices are inseparable from an important idea, that is ancient ape-off from the nest to the structure of wood for the trees to nest in the design process of change.
Name and origin】 【Youchaoshi
"Annals Three Sovereigns and discipline," it reads: "rhetoric early cave wild ancestors Department, sage taught the nest in order to avoid the insects are harmful, but to actually eat vegetation, so No. 'Youchaoshi', Yi Yue 'big nest s'. "
Lu Xun has been used to take this short, its "text to the article" goes: "The real ancient form, the desert can not test, jun long name, and it is difficult to know the trial, to the emperor in the world for the Three Wise Kings by King Wong who , the column sequence beginning with God, followed by a nest, Sui person, Fu Yi, Shen Nong who crowd out the evolution of the process, the almost all descendants have life, carry on non-real number. Xuanyuan down and, in many respects to legend, arrest in Yujia , is a simple policy of chopsticks in the Interfax today. "
3. Youchaoshi, referred to as "nest"
"Dictionary" Solution: "nest Sui: refers to the ancient 'Youchaoshi' and 'Suiren'. Tang ling" Longchi holiness Song ": 'nest beacon before the solitude without discipline; book contract and then, Huan-Ping considerable. '"
4. "Youchaoshi" is the title, this title is the descendants posthumously awarded the
Tang poet Lu Guimeng tribute said: "The term cloud Swire absolutely ancient, being enlightened or even no wind on the field. Roosting only with animal hybrid, vertical and horizontal framework of sticks alone. So that say Youchaoshi, people respect you as ruler of division."
5. "Youchaoshi" is individual title is code-named clan
Ning Ye-Gao, Ning Ye-long research, said: "'Youchaoshi' is not God but a sage (wise man or a group) ... ... 'Youchaoshi' not only represents a primitive clan, also represents a historical era represents the end of the Chinese literary classic Ming Shizhao identity. "(" On the old nest States Youchaoshi merit and speech delay ")
"Youchaoshi" is the person that invented the title of the home nest, but also the people live in the era of the name. "Youchaoshi" because of merit and status of a natural His clan leaders, leaders of the title he will gradually become the name of interest-bearing age.
Jian Bo Zan famous historian said: "According to our study, Youchaoshi times the original population are not living in such a paradise; the contrary, but living in a snow-capped wilderness of the Mongolian plateau."
"The Nest", and Youchaoshi its people merit the nest of the story.
In ancient times, following the "Three kings" after is five famous heroes, Youchaoshi, Suiren, Fu Xi, Nu Wa, Shen Nong. Legend Suiren teaching people fire by rubbing sticks; Fu Xi teach people to count, invented musical instruments; Nu Wa's colorful stone refining the Sky, and created human beings; Shennong Bianchang hundred herbs, distinguishing crops, medicinal herbs, so that humanity can be cured . The Youchaoshi biggest achievements is the nest for the chamber led the ancients, the ancients to live one, the final dream home into reality. The earliest nesting, also known as "the tree home," the name suggests, is built on a tree, and later extended to the ground on.