唐代  (810年～827年)

網筆號：	睿武昭愍孝皇帝
廟號：	敬宗
陵墓：	莊陵
開端 終結 在位 824年 827年 宝历 825年元月 827年二月 

　　唐敬宗，名為李湛（公元810－827年），漢族，唐穆宗的長子，初封為鄂王，後徒封為景王，於元和四年（809）六月七日出生於東內大明宮之別殿。他是在長慶二年（822）十二月被册立為皇太子的，長慶四年（824）正月，敬宗先因父親穆宗健康惡化以太子身份監國，穆宗於公元824年正月病死後，他於同月丙子日繼位。第二年改年號為“寶歷”。在位2年，為宦官謀殺，終年18歲。曾用年號：寶歷；謚號：睿武愍孝皇帝；廟號：敬宗；葬於莊陵（今陝西省三原縣東北30裏）。
　　
　　生平
　　敬宗登基後，根本不把國傢大政放在心上，他的遊樂無度較之其父穆宗是有過之而無不及。敬宗即位後的第二個月，就一天到中和殿擊球，一天又轉到飛竜院擊球，第三天又在中和殿大擺宴筵，盡歡而罷。敬宗一味追求享樂，就連皇帝例行的早朝也不放在心上。三月的一天，群臣來到朝堂準備入閣議事，可是敬宗一直到日上三竿還沒有上朝。大臣為了參加朝會天不亮就要起床準備，皇帝遲遲不到，時間長了，臣僚們堅持不住以至於有昏倒者。對新君的這一有悖祖製的行為，諫議大夫李渤提出了勸諫，敬宗在大臣的催促下，過了很長時間纔姍姍來遲。退朝以後，左拾遺劉棲楚對皇帝的這一做法更是極力勸諫，他頭叩竜墀，血流不止。敬宗當時表現出很受感動的樣子，但仍是不改，後來甚至發展為一個月也難得上朝兩三次。為了使敬宗能夠上朝理政，在地方上任職的李德裕進獻《丹扆箴》六首，提出勸諫，敬宗命令翰林學士韋處厚起草了一道詔書表揚了李德裕，但是他對自己的問題仍然無動於衷。
　　敬宗近乎瘋狂的遊樂，在宮中引發了一係列的突發事件。他即位不久，就有位叫徐忠信的平民百姓闖入了浴堂門，引起了一場虛驚。四月，又發生了染坊役夫張韶與卜者蘇玄明聯絡數百染工殺入右銀臺門的嚴重事件。當時敬宗正在清思殿打馬球，聽到張韶等百餘人的喊殺聲，狼狽逃到左神策軍避難。左神策軍兵馬使康藝全率兵入宮，把已經攻進清思殿並登上禦榻而食的張韶等人殺死。八月秋夜，又發生了妖賊馬文忠與品官季文德等近1400人將圖不軌的事件，當事人皆被杖死。敬宗本人生性喜好大興土木，即位以後，從春天到寒鼕，興作相繼，沒有停息的時候。各級官員和匠役之人都怨聲載道，染坊役夫張韶作亂，不啻是對他的當頭棒喝。
　　大臣認為這些事件都是因為敬宗一味沉湎於遊樂，經常不在宮中，而給不法之徒以可乘之機。敬宗認為大臣們的說法有道理，但是自己的玩樂卻變本加厲，花樣不斷翻新。
　　寶歷元年（825）十一月，敬宗突然想去驪山遊幸，大臣們都極力勸阻，他就是不聽。拾遺張權輿在大殿叩頭進諫，還說：“從周幽王以來遊幸驪山的帝王都沒有好的結局，秦始皇葬在那裏國傢二世而亡，玄宗在驪山修行宮而安祿山亂，先帝（穆宗）去了一趟驪山，享年不長，回來就駕崩了。”敬宗聽了這話，反倒引發了更大的興致：“驪山有這麽兇惡嗎？越是這樣，我越是應當去一趟來驗證你的話。”結果，不顧大臣的反對固執前往，即日回到宮中，他還對身邊的人說：“那些嚮朕叩頭的人說的話，也不一定都可信啊！”絲毫不把臣下的意見當回事。
　　敬宗也同樣喜歡到魚藻宮觀竜舟競渡，有一天突然給????鐵使下詔，他要造競渡船20艘，要求把木材運到京師修造。這一項的花費總計要用去當年國傢轉運經費的一半，諫議大夫張仲方等力諫，他纔答應減去一半。
　　敬宗不僅自己喜歡打馬球，還要禁軍將士、三宮內人都要參加。寶歷二年（826）六月，他在宮中舉行了一次體育盛會，馬球、摔跤、散打、搏擊、雜戲等，項目很多，參加者也很踴躍。最有創意的是敬宗命令左右神策軍士卒，還有宮人、教坊、內園分成若幹組，騎着驢打馬球。因為敬宗興致很高，一直折騰到夜裏一二更方罷。
　　敬宗還喜歡打獵，平時白天玩不夠，就深夜帶人捕狐狸以取樂，宮中稱之為“打夜狐”。
　　敬宗實在是太喜歡玩了，他也實在是太會玩了。唐朝在這樣的皇帝手上不亡國已是萬幸，歷史上評價敬宗為“不君”，實際上就是說他不打馬球俑是個稱職的帝王，這已是很替他留面子了。我們確實看不到敬宗在治國方面的才幹，卻隨處可見他在玩樂方面的本領。敬宗是一位馬球高手，又善手搏，觀賞摔跤、拔河、竜舟競渡之類的遊戲從來都是樂此不疲。他還專門豢養了一批力士，晝夜不離左右。他不僅要各地都選拔力士進獻，而且還出資萬貫給內園招募，很捨得在這些力士身上花錢。敬宗玩興一來，也就沒有了什麽顧忌：力士們有的恃恩不遜，敬宗動輒就將其配流、籍沒；不少宦官小有過犯，輕則辱駡，重則捶撻，搞得這些人滿懷畏懼、心中怨憤。宮中宦官許遂振、李少端、魚弘志等還因為與他“打夜狐”配合不好而被削職。敬宗這種肆無忌憚的遊樂，很快就把自己送上了末路。
　　寶歷二年（826）十二月初八日辛醜，敬宗又一次出去“打夜狐”，還宮之後，興致昂然，又與宦官劉剋明、田務澄、許文端以及擊球軍將蘇佐明、王嘉憲、石從寬等二十八人飲酒。敬宗酒酣耳熱，入室更衣，此時大殿上燈燭忽然熄滅，劉剋明與蘇佐明等同謀將其害死，時年僅18歲。除了唐末代亡國之君哀帝是在17歲被害以外，敬宗是唐朝皇帝中享年最短的了。敬宗死後，群臣上謚號為睿武昭愍孝皇帝。文宗太和元年七月十三日，葬於莊陵。
　　
　　後妃子女
　　後妃
　　郭妃，生悼懷太子李普。
　　皇子
　　李普，悼懷太子，姿性韶悟。寶歷元年始王晉。文宗愛之若己子，嘗欲為嗣。大和二年薨，帝惻念不能已，故贈恤加焉。
　　李休復，母不詳，唐文宗開成二年封梁王，
　　李執中，母不詳，為襄王，子李寀為樂平郡王。
　　李言揚，母不詳，為紀王，
　　李成美，母不詳，為陳王。初，文宗以莊恪薨，大臣數請建東宮，開成四年，帝乃立成美為皇太子，典册未具而帝崩，仇士良立武宗，殺之於邸。子李儼王宣城郡。
　　公主
　　永興公主。
　　天長公主。
　　寧國公主，薨廣明時。

　　Tang Jingzong called Li Zhan (AD 810-827), the Han, Tang Mu were the eldest son, first labeled E Wang, Jing Wang, after only labeled, in dollars and four years (809) 7 June was born in East within Daming Palace of the other house. He is two years in the Changqing (822) in December was established as the crown prince of the book, Changqing four years (824) the first month, Yoshimune Mouzon health deteriorated before his father Prince capacity to supervise the country, Mouzon died in AD 824 after the first month He was on the throne the same month the Rat. Changed the second year reign as the "treasure calendar." 2-year reign, the eunuch murder, aged 18 years. Have used reign: Bao Li; Posthumous name: Rui Xiao Wu pity the Emperor; Temple name: Yoshimune; buried Zhuang Ling (now Sanyuan County, Shaanxi Province, northeast 30 miles).
　　Yoshimune accession to the throne, the state policies do not mind, his amusement than his father Mouzon is worse than excessive. Yoshimune months after ascending the throne, on the day to hit the ball in and the house, from day to go to hospital dragon ball, on the third day and again in the banquet hall large Bai Yan, thoroughly enjoyed themselves and stop. Yoshimune the blind pursuit of pleasure, and even the emperor, the audience was not a routine heart. One day in March, ready to join the cabinet ministers came to Chodo procedure, but Yoshimune until Rishangsangan not towards a. Minister to go to the morning before dawn to get up to prepare, less than late emperor, long time, court officials so they can not hold those who have fainted. Contrary to the new monarch of the progenitor system behavior, Jian Yi Li Bo doctor made remonstrate, Yoshimune in the minister's urging, had a very long time overdue. Tuizhao after Zuoshi Yi Liu habitat Chudui Huang Emperor of this approach is strongly remonstrate, his first call-Long Chi, flow of blood. Yoshimune was demonstrated quite moved, but still do not change, then even the development towards a two or three times a month are rare. In order to Yoshimune to towards a governance, the ranking positions at the local office as tribute, "Dan Yi Zhen," 6 proposed remonstrate, Yoshimune command Imperial University Shiwei Department drafted an edict thick praised ranking positions, but his own problems remains unmoved.
　　Yoshimune also like to demersum Temple Dragon Boat Race, suddenly one day to the salt so that edict, he has to make Boat Race Boat 20, asked to build timber shipped to the Capital. This is a total cost of transport to use to fund half of the country that year, Jian Yi Zhang Zhong Fang, strongly advised the doctor that he only agreed to reduce by half.
　　Yoshimune is too fond of playing, he will be playing it too. Tang emperor in the hands of this subjugation is not lucky, the history of evaluation Yoshimune as "no gentleman", actually means that he does not play polo figurines is a competent emperor, this is very much for him to stay face up. We do not see Yoshimune in the country's ability, you can find aspects of his play skills. Yoshimune a polo expert, has good hand pump, watching wrestling, tug of war games like Dragon Boat Race has always been bored. He also keeps a number of specialized Lux day and night without leaving around. He not only offered in all parts of the selection into Hercules, but also funded the recruitment of 10 000 consistent to within the park, it is willing to spend money in these wrestlers. Yoshimune playfulness a result, there is no what they wrote: wrestlers have some rely ex rude, Yoshimune too easily their assignment, not membership; had committed a small number of eunuchs, ranging from verbal abuse, and at the hammer tart, and made these people full of fear, resentment mind. Then the palace eunuch Hsu Chun, Shao-side, such as fish Hiroshi also because of his "night fight Fox" was cut with a bad grade. Yoshimune such unbridled pleasure, and very quickly brought the end for their own.
　　Empress
　　Li Pu, Mourning Huai Prince, position of Shao Wu. Bao Li Jin Wang started the first year. Wen-tsung, if a son, love, Changyu is heir. Japan two years pass away, God could not have been sad to study, so gift-shirt and Yan.
　　Li Yan Yang, the mother is unknown, as the Chi Wang,
　　Wing Hing princesses.