| 網筆號： | 昭文章武大聖至神孝皇帝 | |||||||||
| 廟號： | 憲宗 | |||||||||
| 陵墓： | 景陵 | |||||||||
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削藩成功後，李純在勝利與成就面前，迷失了自己。
首先是越來越喜歡斂財——跟德宗的晚年如出一轍。這個傾嚮在元和十三年八月的那次宰相任命中就表現得極為明顯。當時憲宗執意要提拔戶部侍郎、判度支皇甫鎛[ 鎛bó ]與衛尉卿、????鐵轉運使程異為相。表面的原因當然是他們善於為帝國理財，內在的原因是他們更善於進貢“羨餘”以供皇帝開銷。時任宰相的裴度和崔群感到這是一個不好的苗頭，於是極力勸阻，可憲宗不聽。
其次是迷上了道教的長生術，下詔徵召天下方士。皇甫鎛不失時機地嚮天子舉薦了一個叫柳泌的方士，此人自稱能煉出長生不死的丹藥。柳泌來到長安不久就嚮天子提出：“天台山是神仙居住的地方，有很多靈草。臣雖然知道，可無法得到，如果派臣去當那裏的地方官，就有希望找到了。”李純立刻任命柳泌為代理臺州[ 今浙江臨海市]刺史，並賜三品金紫衣。
諫官們紛紛上疏表示反對：“歷代人君喜歡方士的很多，可從來沒有派他們管理地方政府的。”天子不以為然地說：“竭盡一個州的力量，能換來人君的長生不老，做臣屬的又何必吝惜一個州！”
李純晚年沉迷於丹藥，朝臣們不約而同地發現：天子的氣色一天比一天難看，而脾氣則一天比一天暴躁。起居捨人裴潾忍不住再次上疏，說：“從去年以來，各地推薦的方士越來越多，縱使天下真有神仙，也必然是隱藏在深山老林中，怕被人知道。凡是躋身於權貴之門、說大話、炫奇技、嘩衆取寵的人，都是心術不正貪圖利益之輩，豈可輕信他們的話，亂吃他們的藥？何況金石之藥酷烈有毒，不是人的五髒六肺所能承受。臣請下令讓獻藥者自己先吃一年，則真偽自辨。”
生平
李純出生時，正是皇曾祖代宗的晚年。他出生的第二年，祖父德宗即位，父親順宗被立為太子。李純幼年懵懂之時，長安城裏就發生了“涇師之變”，倉皇出逃的德宗沒有能夠保障宗室子弟的安全，那些沒有及時撤離者有77人死於叛軍之手，這使德宗一直痛疚不已。李純六七歲的時候，德宗剛剛重返長安。有一天，李純被祖父德宗皇帝抱在膝上逗引作樂，問他：“你是誰傢的孩子，怎麽在我的懷裏？”李純道：“我是第三天子。”這一回答使德宗大為驚異，作為當今皇上的長孫，按照祖、父、子的順序回答為“第三天子”，既聞所未聞，又很契合實際，德宗皇帝不禁對懷裏的皇孫增添了幾絲喜愛。貞元四年（788）六月，11歲的他就被册封為廣陵郡王。
憲宗自幼遭遇戰亂，他自身的家庭關係也很有些混亂。他的母親王氏曾是代宗的才人，另外有位同父兄弟被祖父德宗收養為子。憲宗自己的婚姻關係也有些奇特。貞元九年（793），時為廣陵王的憲宗娶了郭氏為妻。郭氏，是尚父郭子儀的孫女，她的父親是駙馬都尉郭曖，樂舞俑母親是代宗長女升平公主。升平公主與郭曖之間的故事後來被人編成了一出《打金枝》的戲劇，流傳很廣。由於母親是代宗長女，這樣算來，郭氏與順宗是姑表兄妹，郭氏就長了憲宗一輩。或者說，論輩分，憲宗要比自己所娶的妃子郭氏低了一輩。他們成婚後，時為皇太子的順宗因為郭氏母貴，父、祖有大勳於王室，對這位兒媳表示出無比的寵愛。憲宗自己對這位妃子似乎也不怎麽冷落，因為，貞元十一年（795）時，也就是他們婚後兩年，郭氏就生了兒子李宥，此即後來的穆宗。
貞元二十一年（805）四月六日，憲宗被册為皇太子。七月二十八日，權勾當軍國政事，即代理監國之任。八月四日，憲宗得父皇傳位，八月九日正式即位於宣政殿。這一年，憲宗28歲。他從一個普通的郡王到登上最高權力的頂峰，僅僅用了4個月的時間。這一刻確實來得太快了。難道有什麽神力相助嗎？正是因為這一緣故，憲宗的登基伴着順宗的內禪一直被人們猜疑着。憲宗登基前後，也的確有一些無法弄清楚的秘密。我們可以列舉這樣一些事例略做說明。
其一，憲宗剛剛被立為皇太子以後，“二王”集團的陸質藉侍讀之機有所規勸，被憲宗製止：“陛下令先生為我講解經義，怎麽還扯其他的事？”說明此刻的憲宗有自己的政治見解。也就是說，憲宗在這一過程中未必是被動的，也似乎不會不知情。
其二，在這年六月最早動議皇太子監國的劍南西川節度使韋臯，在八月十七日，突然暴病而死，時年 61歲。這是偶然的巧合還是事出有因，很值得索解。與韋臯上表差不多同時，荊南的裴均、河東的嚴綬也不約而同地給朝廷發來表章，內容竟然也與韋臯的相同。劍南、荊南和河東，三地節度使相距何止千裏，如果沒有幕後的指使，這樣的步調一致真的很難理解。那麽，幕後的指使是誰？從當時的蛛絲馬跡來說，就是那些在宮中掌握禁軍、擁立憲宗的宦官。
其三，在順宗以太上皇身份遷居興慶宮以後，憲宗是不是還允許群臣和他相見？當事人劉禹錫在《劉子自傳》中說：“當時太上皇身體有病，宰相大臣都不能得到召對。而宮掖事秘，建桓立順，功歸貴臣。”直接用東漢末年順帝、桓帝被立的故事比附憲宗的即位，無法不給人這樣一個強烈的印象：在此事過程中有外人無法明知的隱情。
其四，發生了羅令則密謀廢憲宗另行擁立的怪事。這年十月，山人羅令則從長安前往秦州，矯太上皇詔令，嚮隴西經略使劉澭請兵，謀劃廢憲宗另立皇帝。結果，劉澭告密，逮捕了羅令則，憲宗一方面以名馬金銀財物厚賜劉澭，另一方面詔令禁軍審問羅令則，將其黨羽杖死。此事的出現與因果存在很多疑點，但是對於憲宗來說，最大的便利是藉機誅殺了政敵。
其五，舒王李誼之死。舒王在德宗時一直是順宗政治上的強大競爭者，來自宮中的宦官等勢力也一直看好他。羅令則矯詔廢立，最大的可能也就是利用這樣的政治慣性擁立舒王。但是，當憲宗即位，舒王的政治價值在宦官眼裏也就自然喪失，所以，在劉澭將羅令則押送到長安以後，舒王也就非死不可。《資治通鑒》和舊史中都說他在永貞元年十月戊戌“薨”，這應該與憲宗即位後的政治局面有關。
其六，太上皇順宗之死。憲宗在元和元年（806）正月初一率群臣為太上皇上尊號，正月十八日，憲宗下詔宣稱太上皇“舊恙愆和”，說是舊病沒有治愈，這就等於是嚮天下宣佈了太上皇的病情，此舉十分罕見。憲宗又說“親侍藥膳”，從當月十六日以後，暫時不聽政。然而，在十九日，也就是宣佈太上皇病情的第二天，順宗就死於興慶宮，同時遷殯於太極殿發喪。這就難怪有人估計太上皇早就死了，正月十八日嚮天下通報太上皇的病情，就是為掩蓋太上皇被害死的真相。殊不知，這樣做是欲蓋彌彰，公佈太上皇的病情，恰恰暴露出憲宗和宦官的做賊心虛，暴露出太上皇之死的可疑。
將太上皇順宗直接殺死，正是擁立憲宗的那些人為了消除一切可能的隱患，打消那些有着和羅令則等一樣想法的人的幻想，目的最終自然不外乎是穩固自己的地位。而憲宗個人在當時早已是成熟的年齡，整個過程他自然不會茫然不知，權力的誘惑自然不會使他拒絶對太上皇用粗，利欲熏心，更何況九五之尊！元和十四年（819）七月，群臣討論給憲宗上尊號時，一個宰相主張加“孝德”二字，另一位宰相崔群認為“睿聖” 的尊號已經可以包括其含義，不必再加“孝德”，憲宗聽了怒不可遏，竟然把崔群貶到湖南任了一個觀察團練使。憲宗對“孝德”二字如此在乎，正說明他“內有慚德”，心中有所顧及，這從側面反映出他很有可能參與了逼順宗內禪的事件。總之，在永貞內禪、憲宗即位的過程中，一定有隱秘而又不能明言的內容。韓愈與宦官俱文珍關係尚好，在他所作的《順宗實錄》中也隱約透露出了宦官對順宗相逼的痕跡，以致憲宗即位以後，俱文珍等屢屢說其記載內容不實，要求下詔進行修改。這樣做的目的，顯然是為了掩蓋事實真相。
依靠宦官的擁立和發動宮廷政變而迅速取得了最高權力的憲宗，一登基就在政治上大顯身手了。看來，皇帝的政治作為與他獲取權力的途徑是否合法，絶對沒有直接的關係。憲宗之前的太宗和玄宗，莫不是如此。
後妃及子女
後妃
郭貴妃
子女
女
梁國惠康公主，始封普寧公主。帝特愛之。下嫁於季友。元和中，徙永昌。薨，詔追封及謚。將葬，度支奏義陽、義章公主葬用錢四千萬，有詔減千萬。
永嘉公主，為道士。
衡陽公主，蚤薨。
宣城公主，下嫁瀋。
鄭國溫儀公主，始封汾陽公主。下嫁韋讓。薨，追封及謚。
岐陽莊淑公主，懿安皇后所生。下嫁杜悰，帝為禦正殿臨遣，繇西朝堂出，復禦延喜門，止主車，大賜賓從金錢。開第昌化裏，疏竜首池為沼。後傢上尚父大通裏亭為主別館。貴震當世。然主事舅姑以禮聞，所賜奴婢偃蹇，皆上還，丐直自市。杜悰為澧州刺史，主與偕，從者不二十婢，乘驢，不肉食，州縣供具，拒不受。姑寢疾，公主不解衣，藥糜不嘗不進。開成中，悰自忠武入朝，主疾侵，曰：“願朝興慶宮，雖死於道，不恨。”道薨。
陳留公主，下嫁裴損。裴損為太子諭德。
真寧公主，下嫁薛翃。
南康公主，下嫁瀋汾。薨鹹通時。
臨真公主，始封襄城公主。下嫁衛洙。薨鹹通時。
普康公主，蚤薨。
真源公主，始封安陵。下嫁杜中立。
永順公主，下嫁劉弘景。
安平公主，下嫁劉異。唐宣宗即位，宰相以劉異為平盧節度使，帝曰：“朕唯一妹，欲時見之。”乃止。後隨異居外，歲時輒乘馹入朝。薨乾符時。
永安公主，長慶初，許下嫁回鶻保義可汗，會可汗死，止不行。太和中，丐為道士，詔賜邑印，如尋陽公主故事，且歸婚貲。
義寧公主，未及下嫁薨。
定安公主，始封太和公主。下嫁回鶻崇德可汗。會昌三年來歸，詔宗正卿李仍叔、秘書監李踐方等告景陵。主次太原，詔使勞問係塗，以黠戛斯所獻白貂皮、玉指環往賜。至京師，詔百官迎謁再拜。故事：邑司官承命答拜，有司議：“邑司官卑，不可當。”群臣請以主左右上媵戴鬢帛承拜，兩襠持命。又詔神策軍四百具鹵簿，群臣班迓。主乘輅謁憲、穆二室，欷歔流涕，退詣光順門易服、褫冠釒奠待罪，自言和親無狀。帝使中人勞慰，復冠釒奠乃入，群臣賀天子。又詣興慶宮。明日，主謁太皇太後。進封長公主，遂廢太和府。主始至，宣城以下七主不出迎，唐武宗怒。差奪封絹贖罪。宰相建言：“禮始中壺，行天下，王化之美也，請載於史，示後世。”詔可。
貴鄉公主，蚤薨。
They have expressed opposition remonstrant Shang Shu: "Chronicles Renjun like alchemist's a lot of, but never had to send their management of local government." Emperor with disapproval, said: "do all the power of a state, to the eternal youth in exchange for Ren Jun, so why begrudge Robinson is the one state! "
Kenso an early age to the civil war, his own family relationships are also some confusion. His mother, Wang was the only person Daizong, another bit of the same father grandfather brother was adopted as the son of Corrections. Kenso their marriage relations are paradoxical. Zhen Yuan nine (793), when the Kenso Guangling Wang Kwok wife married. Kuo, is Shang Fu Guo Ziyi's granddaughter, her father was Fuma Du Wei Guo warm, dancing figurines mother is the eldest daughter of peace and prosperity Daizong Princess. Princess Sheng Ping Guo warming story between being compiled later in a "play the Princess," the drama, widely circulated. As the daughter of the mother is Daizong, this means, Kuo and Shun were cross-cousin brother and sister, Kuo on the long Kenso generation. Or, on the generational, Kenso concubine than their married to a generation of low Kuo. Them into marriage, when the Crown Prince of Shun Kwok mother because you were the parent, there are big Fun at the royal ancestors, on his daughter expressed tremendous favor. Kenso own concubine did not seem to how the cold, because Zhenyuan 10 year (795) hours, that is, they married two years, gave birth to a son, Lee Kwok forgive, namely later Mouzon.
First, Kenso just been established as a Crown Prince after the "two kings" by Shi Du Group's land mass has been advice given the opportunity, stop by Kenso: "Your Majesty that I explained by Mr. justice, how can they pull the other the matter? "shows at the moment Kenso have their own political views. In other words, Kenso in this process may not be passive, do not seem aware of.
Fourth, that the conspiracy occurred in Romania spent Kenso be crowned the strange. This October, so from Chang'an to Romanian Hermits Qinzhou, correction overlord edict, to Longxi Jinglue Shi Liu Yong Please soldiers, planning a separate waste Kenso emperor. The results, Liu Yong was the informant, that the arrest of Lo, Kenso one hand, gold and silver property Houci name Ma Liu Yong, on the other hand edict to make the imperial guards interrogated Law, stick to his gang dead. The emergence of this there are many doubts and cause and effect, but for Kenso, the greatest convenience is the opportunity to Heaven's a political enemies.
Shun were directly killed by the overlord, it is those who own constitutional cases in order to eliminate all possible risks, discourage those with and Luo are, like the idea that people's fantasies, the ultimate purpose of nature is nothing more than a solid their status. The Kenso individuals are mature age, long time, the whole process, naturally he will not know how to respond, the natural temptation of power will not make his refusal of the overlord with the rough, blinded by greed, not to mention was the emperor! Dollars and 14 years (819) July, the ministers discussed the appellation to Kenso, a prime minister for an increase, "filial piety" word, another prime minister Cui group that "Core Sage" appellation may include the meaning has been , no need to "filial piety", Kenso heard furious, even the Cui group had fallen to an observation of any militia in Hunan to. Kenso of "filial piety" word so care is indicative of his "moral there ashamed," the heart has been taken into account, it reflects from the side, he is likely to participate in the force were within the Chan Shun events. In short, within the Zen Yongzhen, Kenso the process of ascending the throne, there must be secret but are not explicitly content. Wen Chun Han Yu and eunuchs all relations were good, he's "Shun cases Record" also works reveal a eunuch I am surrounded by traces of cis were so Kenso ascended the throne after all such paper has repeatedly said Jennifer false contents of their records, required even ordered modified. The aim, apparently to cover up the truth.
Empress
Female
Hengyang Princess, flea death of a prince.
Qi Yang Zhuangshu Gong master, Yi-An Empress born. Married Elsie Helen, Emperor as imperial temple temporary removal, Yao West Chodo out complex Royal Engi door, only the main car, big guests from giving money. Kai-Changhua, the sparse pool for marsh dragon first. Chase after the home on the Shangfu other museum in the main pavilion. When you shock the world. However, officiating principal Jiugu to hear, the gift of slaves Yan Jian, are still, beggars directly from the city. Mrs Helen prefectural governor for the Li River, the main and Chung-kai, 20 from those who do not tick, by donkey, not meat, for counties with, refused to be. Kou Qin Ji, the Princess did not understand, clothing, medicine does not taste does not enter Mi. Into the open, Helen Chungmu for Korea since the main disease invasion, said: "I hope the DPRK Imperial palace, although died Road, not hate." Road demise.
Nam princess, married Shen Fen. Northern Sung Painting pass away the time.
True source of the Princess, before sealing anling. Marry Du Zhongli.
Princess Wing, early Changqing Xu Bao Yi married Uighur Khan, Khan will die, just not work. Wo, the beggar for the priests, Zhaoci eup India, such as seeking sun princess story, and marriage go cheap.
Princess your village, flea death of a prince.
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