| wǎngbǐhào： | wén huáng dì | ||||||||||||
| miàohào： | gāo zǔ | ||||||||||||
| língmù： | tài líng | ||||||||||||
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zì cóng zhōu wǔ miè fó hòu， fó jiào yuán qì dà shāng， suí wén dì dēng jí hòu， dà xīng fó jiào， suí táng fó jiào zhī shèng， lì shǐ shàng chēng wéi huáng jīn shí dài。
【 wén dì jiǎn jiè】
suí wén dì（ gōng yuán 541 － 604 nián）
gōng yuán 581 nián 'èr yuè jiá zǐ rì， běi zhōu de jìng dì yǐ
suí cháo jiàn lì yǐ hòu， suí wén dì jīng xīn zhì lǐ， suí cháo xùn sù qiáng dà fán róng qǐ lái。 tā bù jǐn wán chéng tǒng yī zhōng guó de dà yè， hái shǐ suí cháo chéng wéi zhèng quán wěn gù， shè huì 'ān dìng， hù kǒu ruì cháng， kěn tián sù zēng， jī xù chōng yíng， wén huà fā zhǎn， jiá bīng jīng ruì， wēi dòng shū sú de qiáng shèng guó jiā。 zài zhèng zhì、 jīng jì děng zhì dù fāng miàn jìn xíng liǎo yī xì liè de gǎi gé。 zài zhōng yāng shí xíng sān shěng liù bù zhì， jiāng dì fāng de zhōu、 jùn、 xiàn sān jí zhì gǎi wéi zhōu、 xiàn liǎng jí zhì， dì fāng guān lì gài yóu zhōng yāng rèn miǎn， yóu cǐ gǒng gù liǎo zhōng yāng jí quán。
suí wén dì xià lìng xiū jiàn xī jīng dà xīng chéng（ jí hòu lái cháng 'ān chéng suǒ fǎng zhào yuán xíng） hé dōng jīng luò yáng chéng， dà xīng chéng de shè jì hé bù jú sī xiǎng， duì hòu shì dū shì jiàn shè jí rì běn、 cháo xiān dū shì jiàn shè dōuyòu shēn kè de yǐng xiǎng。 suí wén dì yú gōng yuán 584 nián mìng yǔ wén kǎi shuài zhòng kāi cáo qú。 zì dà xīng chéng xī běi yǐn wèi shuǐ， lüè xún hàn dài cáo qú gù dào 'ér dōng， zhì tóng guān rù huáng hé， cháng 150 duō gōng lǐ， míng guǎng tōng qú。 zhè shì xiū jiàn dà yùn hé de kāi shǐ， dà yùn hé lián jiē liǎo liǎng gè wén míng。 shǐ huáng hé liú yù cháng jiāng liú yù zhú jiàn chéng wéi yī tǐ。
tā zài bù cháng de shí jiān nèi jiāng zhōng guó chóngxīn zhì yú yī gè zhèng quán zhì lǐ xià， wài yù qiáng dí tū jué、 qì dān， nèi lìng rén mín 'ān níng shēng xī， gōng yè zhī wěi dà， lián hòu shì shèng táng yě méi yòu wán quán huī fù suí cháo de guó tǔ miàn jī。 rán 'ér， yù xià guò yán， lìng bù shǎo gōng chén wèi huò shàn zhōng； yóu qí lì yáng guǎng wéi tài zǐ， yí huò hòu dài， jìng shǐ jiāng shān duàn sòng， shí wéi yí hàn。 wén dì zài wèi 24 nián， 604 nián bìng shì yú dà xīng diàn， zhōng nián 64 suì， zàng yú tài líng（ jīn tiān shǎn xī shěng yáng líng（ líng） qū chéng xī 5 gōng lǐ chù）。
【 wén dì jiā shì】
xī wèi wáng cháo qī jiān， yī gè xīn xīng de guì zú jí tuán héng kōng chū shì， yī fēi chōng tiān， yán xù liǎo zhōng guó guì zú shí dài de shòu mìng， bìng kāi chuàng liǎo yī gè qián suǒ wèi yòu de wěi dà shí dài， zhè jiù shì zòng héng zhōng guó jìn 'èr bǎi nián de guān lǒng jūn shì guì zú jí tuán， tā qǐ yuán yú dài běi wǔ chuān， chū jiàn yú guān zhōng， gòng chuàng zào chū sì gè wáng cháo， fēn bié shì xī wèi， běi zhōu， suí， táng， zhè zài zhōng guó lì shǐ shàng shì jué wú jǐn yòu de qí jì， bìng jiāng zhōng guó tuī xiàng liǎo yī gè xīn de lì shǐ gāo fēng， qí fā duān biàn shì shèng jí yī shí de xī wèi bā dà zhù guó。
bā zhù guó jiā， fēn bié wéi： yǔ wén tài ( lǐ shì mín wài céng zǔ fù )、 yuán xīn、 lǐ hǔ（ lǐ yuān zǔ fù）、 lǐ bì（ lǐ mì zēngzǔ fù）、 zhào guì、 yú jǐn、 dú gū xìn（
cǐ jí tuán yòu liǎng dà tè zhēng：
1.“ róng zhì hú hàn mín zú zhī yòu wǔ lì cái zhì zhě”；
2. cǐ jí tuán zhōng rén“ rù zé wéixiàng， chū zé wéi jiāng， zì wú wén wǔ fēn tú zhī shì”。
huáng hòu
dú gū gā luó wén xiàn huáng hòu
fēi pín
xuān huá fū rén nán cháo chén xuān dì nǚ níng yuǎn gōng zhù
róng huá fū rén cài shì
yùchí shì yùchí jiǒng sūn nǚ
zǐ
fèi tài zǐ yáng yǒng fēi yuán shì
suí yáng dì yáng guǎng huáng hòu xiāo shì
qín wáng yáng jùn fēi cuī shì
shǔ wáng yáng xiù fēi zhǎngsūn shì、 péng shì（ zhuī zèng）
hàn wáng yáng liàng fēi dòu lú（ mù róng） shì
nǚ
lè píng gōng zhù yáng lì huá běi zhōu xuān dì yǔ wén yūn huáng hòu
xiāng guó gōng zhù nèi shǐ shì láng、 hé zhōu cì shǐ、 jiǎn xiào qín zhōu zǒng guǎn lǐ cháng yǎ shàng
guǎng píng gōng zhù xióng zhōu cì shǐ、 ān dé xiàn gōng yǔ wén jìng lǐ shàng
lán líng gōng zhù yí tóng wáng fèng xiào shàng， hòu jià bīng bù shàng shū liǔ shù
zǐ
ān chéngzhǎng gōng zhù（ wàn 'ān gōng zhù）， shàng suí luò zhōu zǒng guǎn、 chén guó gōng dòu róng
sūn
yuán dé tài zǐ yáng zhāo fēi cuī shì、 wéi shì
qí wáng yáng jián fēi wéi shì
zhào wáng yáng gǎo
nán yáng gōng zhù yǔ wén shì jí shàng
yáng fēi táng tài zōng lǐ shì mín nà
yáng yǒng shí nán： cháng níng wáng yǎn、 píng yuán wáng yù、 ān chéng wáng yún yún zhāo xùn shēng
ān píng wáng yí、 xiāng chéng wáng kè gāo liáng dì shēng
gāo yáng wáng gāi、 jiàn 'ān wáng sháo wáng liáng yuán shēng
yǐng chuān wáng jiǒng chéng jī shēng
xiào shí、 xiào fàn hòu gōng shēng
qín xiào wáng yáng hào、 xíng yáng tài shǒu yáng zhàn、 yǒng fēng gōng zhù
yáng hào
yǔ wén 'é yīng lè píng gōng zhù nǚ shì jiāng zuò jiān lǐ mǐn
【 dēng jī jiàn suí】
jiàn dé zhōng， shuài shuǐ jūn sān wàn， pò qí shī yú hé qiáo。 míng nián， cóng dì píng qí， jìn wèi zhù guó。 yǔ yǔ wén xiàn pò qí rèn chéng wáng gāo jiē yú jì zhōu， chú dìng zhōu zǒng guǎn。 xiān shì， dìng zhōu chéng xī mén jiǔ bì bù xíng， qí wén xuān dì shí， huò qǐng kāi zhī， yǐ biàn xíng lù。 dì bù xǔ， yuē：“ dāng yòu shèng rén lái qǐ zhī。” jí gāo zǔ zhì 'ér kāi yān， mò bù jīng yì。 xún zhuǎn bó zhōu zǒng guǎn。 xuān dì jí wèi， yǐ hòu fù zhēng bài shàng zhù guó、 dà sī mǎ。 dà xiàng chū， qiān dà hòu chéng、 yòu sī wǔ， é zhuǎn dà qián yí。 jīng guò 'èr shí duō nián jīng yíng， gōng yuán 580 nián，
běi zhōu xuān dì bìng sǐ hòu， nián yòu de jìng dì jì wèi，
581 nián，
【 tǒng yī quán guó】
suí cháo jiàn lì yǐ hòu， suí wén dì zhǔn bèi gōng dǎ chén cháo， tǒng yī quán guó， suí wén dì zhào jí dà chén men shāng liàng miè chén de dà jì。 pú shè gāo jiǒng shuō：“ yào miè chén， bì xū xiān pò huài chén de liáng shí chǔ bèi。 jiāng nán de fáng wū、 liáng cāng duō bàn shì zhú zǐ、 dào cǎo gài chéng de， zhǐ yào fàng yī bǎ huǒ， jiù néng huà chéng huī jìn。 tā men gē dào zǐ de shí hòu， wǒ men pài bīng qù sāo rǎo。 děng tā men bǎ gē dào zǐ díshì bīng jí zhōng qǐ lái， wǒ men jiù shōu bīng。 zhè yàng jǐ cì， tā men kàn wǒ men bìng bù zhēn dǎ， yī dìng fàng sōng fáng bèi。 dào nà shí， wǒ men chéng jī tū pò cháng jiāng tiān xiǎn。” yú shì suí wén dì yī miàn pài bīng sāo rǎo jiāng nán， yī miàn pài dà chén yáng sù gǎn zào zhàn chuán， zhǔn bèi dù jiāng。
suí kāi huáng bā nián（ gōng yuán 588 nián）， suí wén dì jué dìng dù jiāng miè chén。 zhè shí hòu， chén cháo de chén hòu zhù réng zài guò zhe huā tiān jiǔ dì de shēng huó。 fā bīng zhī qián， suí wén dì xià zhào shū jiē lù chén hòu zhù de zuì 'è， bǎ zhào shū chāo xiě liǎo sān shí wàn fèn， tōu tōu pài rén dào jiāng nán gè dì sàn fā。 suí hòu， jiù pài tā de jìn wáng yáng guǎng wéi bīng mǎ dà yuán shuài， shuài lǐng wǔ shí wàn dà jūn chū fā liǎo。 cóng dōng hǎi dào yǒng 'ān jùn， suí jūn fēn chéng bā lù， tóng shí dù jiāng。
gào jí wén shū xuě piàn bān dì fēi dào jiàn kāng， chén hòu zhù huāng máng bǎ dà chén men zhǎo lái shāng liàng duì cè。 dū guān shàng shū kǒng fàn gù zuò zhèn jìng， shuō：“ cháng jiāng gǔ chēng tiān qiàn， suí jūn nán dào néng cháng chì bǎng fēi guò lái bù chéng？ zhè bù guò shì shǒu biān de jiànglǐng huǎng bào dí qíng， xiǎng yào piàn qǔ jiǎng shǎng bà liǎo。 shā tā jǐ gè， jiù méi rén gǎn shuō huǎng liǎo！” chén hòu zhù shuō：“ cǐ huà yòu lǐ！ jiàn kāng zì gǔ shì dì wáng zhī dū， cóng qián， běi qí sān cì gōng dǎ， dū shī bài liǎo； běi zhōu liǎng cì rù qīn， yědōu pèng liǎo bì。 jīn tiān
kāi huáng jiǔ nián（ gōng yuán 589 nián） zhēngyuè chū yī de qīng chén， dà wù mǎn tiān， jiāng miàn shàng wù qì máng máng， shénme yě kàn bù jiàn。 chén cháo jūn chén hái zài hān shuì， liǎng zhī suí jūn fēn bié yóu dàjiàng hè ruò bì、 hán qín hǔ shuài lǐng， qiāoqiāo dù guò liǎo cháng jiāng， rán hòu huì hé zài yī qǐ， bāo wéi liǎo jiàn kāng chéng。
dāng shí， jiàn kāng chéng lǐ yòu shí jǐ wàn chén cháo de jūn duì， dì shì yòu shí fēn xiǎn yào， rú guǒ zǔ zhì dé dāng， jī jí fáng shǒu， shì nán yǐ gōng pò de。 dàn shì， chén hòu zhù kàn dào bīng lín chéng xià， jí dé rì yè kū qì， ná bù chū yī diǎn bàn fǎ。 dàjiàng xiāo mó hē jiàn yì chèn suí jūn hái méi zhàn wěn jiǎo gēn， lì jí chū bīng gōng dǎ suí jūn。 kǒng fàn yě duì chén hòu zhù shuō：“ chén yǐ wéi yīnggāi chū bīng jué zhàn， rú guǒ zhàn sǐ liǎo， hái huì qīng shǐ liú míng！” chén hòu zhù tīng liǎo tā men de huà， lì jí mìng lìng xiāo mó hē、 rèn zhōng dài bīng chū chéng jué zhàn。 chén jūn shì bīng cháng jiǔ méi yòu xùn liàn， jiāng jūn men yòu guò guàn liǎo xiǎng lè shēng huó， shuāng fāng gāng yī jiāo shǒu， chén jūn diào tóu jiù páo。 rèn zhōng tóu jiàng liǎo suí jūn， tā dài zhe hán qín hǔ chōng jìn jiàn kāng chéng de zhèng mén zhū què mén。 shǒu wèi chéng mén de chén jūn chí qiāng dǐ kàng， rèn zhōng dà shēng hǎn dào：“ lián lǎo fū dū tóu jiàng liǎo， nǐ men hái dǎ shénme！” shǒu zhàn shì bīng tīng liǎo yīhòng 'ér sàn。 hè ruò bì huó zhuō liǎo xiāo mó hē， cóng běi mén chōng jìn liǎo jiàn kāng chéng。
zhēngyuè 'èr shí 'èr rì， jìn wáng yáng guǎng jìn rù jiàn kāng chéng， chén cháo cóng cǐ miè wáng liǎo。 nán běi cháo de fēn liè jú miàn yě jié shù liǎo。 suí cháo cóng chū bīng gōng chén， dào zuì hòu miè chén， qián hòu zhǐ yòng liǎo sì gè yuè de shí jiān。
jiàn yú nán běi cháo wǎn qī， tū jué jiè qiáng dà de jūn shì lì liàng， bù shí qīn rǎo běi zhōu、 běi qí。 gù suí lì guó hòu， suí wén dì biàn pài jiàngbīng gōng。 suí wén dì cǎi yòng zhǎngsūn shèng de“ yuǎn jiāo 'ér jìn gōng， lí qiáng 'ér hé ruò” de zhàn lüè， zhù yào yùn yòng hé qīn lā lǒng fēn huà tū jué， shǐ tū jué hào yú nèi zhàn， cóng 'ér gè gè jī pò。 gōng yuán 599 nián（ kāi huáng shí bā nián） tū jué nèi hòng， tū lì kèhán bēn suí， yǐ tū lì wéi qǐ mín kèhán， zhù dà lì chéng jū zhī。 gōng yuán 602 nián（ rén shòu 'èr nián） suí jūn dà pò tū jué， duó huí liǎo hé tào dì qū， bǎ biān jiè kuò zhǎn dào yīn shān yǐ běi。
【 kāi huáng zhī zhì】
“ hóng 'ēn dà dé， qián gǔ wèi bǐ。”“ qī dé jì fū， jiǔ gē yǐ qià， yào huāng xián jì， wèi hòu wú jǐng。 yú shì gōng jié jiǎn， píng yáo fù， cāng lǐn shí， fǎ lìng xíng
， jūn zǐ xián lè qí shēng， xiǎo rén gè 'ān qí yè， qiáng wú líng ruò， zhòng bù bào guǎ， rén wù yīn fù， cháo yě huān yú。 èr shí nián jiān， tiān xià wú shì， qū yǔ zhī nèi yàn rú yě。 kǎo zhī xiān wáng， zú yǐ cān zōng shèng liè。” zhè jiù shì suí shū lǐ de“ kāi huáng zhī zhì”。
suí wén dì tǒng yī zhōng guó hòu， yī miàn gōng xíng jiǎn pǔ， yī miàn cǎi qǔ liǎo xǔ duō yòu lì yú gǒng gù zhèng quán de cuò shī。 yóu yú tā míng bái dào“ gǔ dì wáng méi yòu hǎo shē chǐ 'ér néng chí jiǔ de” zhī dào lǐ， suǒ yǐ yóu tā fǔ zhèng shí kāi shǐ， jiù tí chàng shēng huó jié jiǎn， gōng zhōng de fēi qiè bù zuò měi shì， yī bān shì rén duō yòng bù bó， shì dài zhǐ yòng tóng tiě gǔ jiǎo， bù yòng jīn yù。 wén dì céng xiǎng yòng hú fěn hé zhì chéng de yī lǐng， jū rán sōu biàn gōng diàn， dū zhǎo bù dào。 zhè zhǒng gōng xíng jié jiǎn， shǐ rén mín de fù dān xiāng yìng dé dào jiǎn qīng， ér qiě yòu lì yú gè xiàng cuò shī de tuī xíng， suí wén dì yī xì liè de gǎi gé cuò shī， dà liàng dì jiǎn shǎo liǎo guó jiā de cái zhèng kāi zhī， zēng jiā liǎo guó jiā de cái zhèng shōu rù。 kāi huáng shí qī nián， hù kǒu zī shèng， zhōng wài cāng kù， wú bù yíng jī。 suǒ yòu lái gěi， bù yú jīng fèi， jīng sī tǎng wū jì chōng， jī yú kuò wǔ zhī xià， gāo zǔ suì tíng cǐ nián zhèng fù， yǐ cì lí yuán。 suí wén dì chū dēng jī shí quán guó rén kǒu 400 wàn hù， suí yáng dì dēng jī shí yǐ dá 890 wàn hù， yǐ yī hù liù kǒu jì， quán guó rén kǒu bù xià 5000 wàn， zhè gè shù zì dà yuē zhí dào táng xuán zōng shí cái dá dào。 zhí dào táng tài zōng sǐ hòu， táng gāo zōng jì wèi， jì hù kǒu 380 wàn hù。 táng xuán zōng shí， quán guó 760 wàn hù， 4100 wàn rén。 suí kāi huáng jiǔ nián yǐ kěn tián dì 1944 wàn qǐng， dà yè zhōng qī yǐ kěn tián dì 5585 wàn qǐng。 táng tiān bǎo shí sì nián yǐ kěn tián dì 1430 wàn qǐng。 suí yáng dì dēng jī jiù yòu 890 wàn hù， ér táng tài zōng zhí dào jià bēng cái yòu 380 wàn hù， guó lì zhī chā jù kě yǐ xiǎng jiàn。
zài suí cháo xióng hòu 'ér qiáng dà de jīng jì shí lì de qián tí xià， suí wén dì xià lìng xiū jiàn dà xīng chéng， dà xīng chéng de xiū jiàn bù jǐn shì zhōng guó gǔ dài chéng shì jiàn shè guī huá gāo chāo shuǐ píng de biāo zhì， yě shì dāng shí guó jiā de jīng jì shí lì hé kē jì shuǐ píng de zōng hé tǐ xiàn。 dà xīng chéng nǎi dāng shí de“ shì jiè dì yī chéng”， tā de shè jì hé bù jú sī xiǎng， duì hòu shì dū shì jiàn shè jí rì běn、 cháo xiān dū shì jiàn shè dōuyòu shēn kè de yǐng xiǎng。
suí wén dì
【 nèi bù gǎi gé】
suí cháo jiàn lì chū qī， shì yī gè bǎi fèi dài xīng、 bǎi luàn dài zhì de jú miàn。 suí wén dì yī dēng shàng jīn luán bǎo zuò， jiù shī zhǎn tā de xióng cái dà lüè。 duì zhèng zhì zhì dù jìn xíng liǎo yī xì liè zhòng dà gǎi gé。
（ yī） què lì sān shěng liù bù zhì
shàng shū shěng shì guó jiā zuì gāo xíng zhèng jī guān。 qí xià shè lì bù、 lǐ bù、 bīng bù、 dū guān、 dù zhī、 gōng bù liù bù。 měi bù shè shàng shū wéi zhǎngguān， zǒng guǎn běn bù zhèng wù。 jù tǐ bàn shì jī gòu jiù shì zhè shì liù bù： lì bù， zhǎng guǎn quán guó guān lì de rèn miǎn、 kǎo hé、 shēng jiàng hé diào dòng； mín bù， zhǎng guǎn quán guó de tǔ dì、 hù jí yǐ jí fù shuì、 cái zhèng shōu zhī； lǐ bù， zhǎng guǎn jì sì、 lǐ yí hé duì wài jiāo wǎng； bīng bù， zhǎng guǎn quán guó wǔ guān de xuǎn bá hé bīng jí、 jūn xiè děng； xíng bù， zhǎng guǎn quán guó de xíng lǜ、 duàn yù； gōng bù， zhǎng guǎn gè zhǒng gōng chéng、 gōng jiàng、 shuǐ lì、 jiāo tōng děng。 kāi shǐ de shí hòu， liù bù jiào zuò liù cáo， jí liù gè bàn shì jī gòu。 liù bù de zhǎngguān wéi shàng shū。 liù bù de shè zhì chéng wéi hòu dài fēng jiàn guó jiā zhōng yāng zhèng quán de gù dìng zhì dù。 sān shěng liù bù zhì fēn gōng míng què， zǔ zhì yán mì， jiā qiáng zhōng yāng jí quán。
nèi shǐ shěng hé mén xià shěng shì jī yào zhī sī， nèi shǐ shěng fù zé qǐ cǎo bìng xuān xíng huáng dì de zhì zhào； mén xià shěng fù zé shěn chá nèi shǐ shěng qǐ cǎo de zhì zhào hé shàng shū shěng nǐ zhì de zòu chāo； shàng shū lìng xià yòu shàng shū zuǒ、 yòu pú shè gè yī， zuǒ pú shè pàn lì、 lǐ、 bīng sān bù shì， yòu pú shè pàn dù zhī、 dū guān、 gōng bù sān bù shì。 shàng shū lìng yǔ zuǒ、 yòu pú shè jí liù bù shàng shū hé chēng「 bā zuò」。 kāi huáng sān nián（ 583）， gǎi dù zhī wèimín bù； dū guān wéi xíng bù。
lìng shè yù shǐ、 dū shuǐ 'èr tái， fù zé jiān chá hé shuǐ lì， zhè yàng bù jǐn jiā qiáng liǎo zhōng yāng jí quán， ér qiě kāi chuàng liǎo zhōng guó fēng jiàn shè huì zhèng zhì tǐ zhì de xīn jiē duàn。 duì táng jí yǐ hòu lì dài wáng cháo yǐng xiǎng dū shí fēn jù dà。 suí wén dì jiàn lì de zhè yī zhěng tào guī mó páng dà、 zǔ zhì wán bèi de guān liáo jī gòu， biǎo míng fēng jiàn zhì dù yǐ fā zhǎn dào chéng shú jiē duàn。 zì suí dìng zhì， yī zhí yán xí dào qīng cháo。
（ èr） jiǎn huà dì fāng guān zhì
suí chū，
gōng yuán 590 nián suí wén dì
（ sān） xiū dìng「 kāi huáng lǜ」
běi zhōu de fǎ lǜ jì cán kù yòu hùn luàn，“ nèi wài kǒng bù， rén bù zì 'ān”。 zài
xiū dìng「 kāi huáng lǜ」。 duì qián dài bā shí yī tiáo sǐ zuì、 yī wǔ líng tiáo liú zuì、 qiān yú tiáo tú、 zhàng děng kù xíng yǐ jí miè zú děngdōu yī gài fèi zhǐ。 tóng shí， yòu jiǎn qīng liǎo xǔ duō fǎ lǜ de nèi róng， rú「 liú yì liù nián， gǎi wéi wǔzǎi； xíng tú wǔ suì， biàn cóng sān sì； qí yú yǐ qīng dài zhòng、 huà sǐ wéi shēng。」 duì fàn rén chǔzhì cǎi qǔ shěn shèn tài dù， ér bù shì cǎo jiān rén mìng， yòu xiào dì fáng zhǐ liǎo yuān 'àn de fā shēng。 wén dì duì fǎ lǜ de gǎi gé， shǐ fǎ lǜ jiǎn qīng liǎo cán kù hé yě mán xìng， zài zhōng guó fǎ zhì shàng jù yòu huàshídài de yì yì。
（ sì） lǐng jūn tián lìng
shí xíng jūn tián zhì， suí chū， zài běi qí、 běi zhōu jūn tián zhì de jī chǔ shàng， jì xù shí xíng jūn tián zhì， jūn tián lìng guī dìng： dīng nán、 zhōng nán shòu lù tián（ zhòngzhí wǔ gǔ） 80 mǔ， yǒng yè tián 20 mǔ， fù nǚ shòu lù tián 40 mǔ。 nú bì 5 kǒujǐ 1 mǔ。 yǒng yè tián bù guī hái， lù tián zài shòu tián zhě sǐ hòu guī hái。 duì yī bān nóng mín， cǎi qǔ qīng yáo bó fù gǔ lì nóng sāng de zhèng cè， duì yú háo jiàng guì zú jiān bìng tǔ dì de xíng wéi zé jǐyǔ dǎ jī， yǐ bǎo zhèng nóng mín de zhèng cháng shēng chǎn。
zhěng dùn hù jí。 shí xíng liǎo“ dà suǒ mào yuè fǎ” yào qiú guān lì jīng cháng jiǎn chá rén kǒu， gēn jù xiàngmào lái jiǎn chá hù kǒu， shǐ biān hù dà zēng。 hé shí xíng“ shū jí dìng yàng” zài dì yī gè de jī chǔ shàng què dìng hù kǒu shù， biān zhì“ dìng bù”， yǐ cǐ wéi yǐ jù lái shōu qǔ fù shuì。 kāi huáng sān nián， qīng lǐ chū yīn lòu dīng nán 44.3 wàn rén gòng jì 164.15 wàn kǒu。 gāo zǔ lìng zhōu xiàn dà suǒ mào yuè， hù kǒu bù shí zhě， zhèng cháng yuǎn pèi， ér yòu kāi xiāng jiū zhī kē。 dà gōng yǐ xià， jiān lìng xī jí， gè wéi hù tóu， yǐ fáng róng yǐn。 yú shì jì zhàng jìn sì shí sì wàn sān qiān dīng， xīn fù yī bǎi liù shí sì wàn yī qiān wǔ bǎi kǒu。” zhè xiē jǔ cuò fáng zhǐ dì fāng háo qiáng hé guān liáo gòu jié， yíng sī wǔ bì。 jiāng cóng háo qiáng shǒu lǐ yǐ fù de rén kǒu jiě fàng chū lái， zēng jiā liǎo guó jiā de láo dòng lì， diào dòng pín kǔ nóng mín de shēng chǎn jī jí xìng。 shǐ guó jiā zhǎng guǎn de nà shuì rén dīng shù liàng dà zēng。
（ wǔ） shè zhì liáng cāng
zài suí cháo zhèng fǔ gè dì dū xiū jiàn liǎo xǔ duō liáng cāng， qí zhōng zhù míng de yòu xīng luò cāng， huí luò cāng， cháng píng cāng， lí yáng cāng、 guǎng tōng cāng děng。 cún chǔ liáng shí jiē zài bǎi wàn shí yǐ shàng。 zhēnguàn 11 nián， jiān chá yù shǐ mǎ zhōu duì táng tài zōng lǐ shì mín shuō：“ suí jiā chǔ luò kǒu， ér lǐ mì yīn zhī； xī jīng fǔ kù， yì wèiguó jiā zhī yòng， zhì jīn wèi jìn。” suí cháo yǐ miè wáng liǎo 20 nián， suí wén dì yǐ jīng sǐ liǎo 33 nián， kě nà shí de liáng shí bù bó hái wèi yòng wán。 1969 nián zài luò yáng fā xiàn liǎo yī zuò suí cháo liáng cāng héng héng hán jiā cāng yí zhǐ。 miàn jī dá 45 wàn duō píng fāng mǐ， nèi tàn chū 259 gè liáng jiào。 qí zhōng hái yòu yī gè liáng jiào hái liú yòu yǐ jīng tàn huà de gǔ zǐ 50 wàn jīn。 yóu cǐ kě jiàn de suí cháo de fù yù yǔ qiáng shèng。
wén dì shí suǒ shè de cāng， kě fēn liǎng zhǒng， jí guān cāng hé yì cāng。 guān cāng de liáng chǔ， yòng yǐ gòngyǎng jūn gōng rén yuán。 shè zhì guān cāng de mùdì， jí shì zài zēng jiā guān dōng cáo yùn de xiàolǜ； yě jiù shì bǎ yuán lái guān dōng gè zhōu duì jīng shī gè bié zhí jiē de shū liáng bàn fǎ， gǎi wéi jí zhōng hé fēn duàn yùn shū de bàn fǎ。 bìng zài huáng hé yán 'àn shè zhì mǐ cāng， xiān bǎ guān dōng gè zhōu de shí liáng jí zhōng zài zhè xiē cāng lǐ， rán hòu lì yòng huáng hé jí guǎng tōng qú yùn dào jīng shī。 yīn cǐ shí jiān jí rén lì wù lì， dū jié shěng bù shǎo。 jù táng rén de gū jì， wén dì mò nián zhū cāng suǒ cún de shí liáng， yǐ kě gōng zhèng fǔ wǔ liù shí nián zhī yòng。 yì cāng yòu chēng shè cāng， shè zhì yú xiāng jiān， qí chǔ liáng yóu rén mín juān nà， yǐ bèi jī huāng shí zhèn jì zāi mín。 bǎi xìng jūn rén， juān chū de liáng shí， cún rù dāng dì de shè cāng lǐ yóu「 shè sī」 zhuān guǎn zhèn mù hé chǔ cún děng shì yí。 rú yù mǒu dì shōu chéng bù hǎo fā shēng jī jǐn zhī shí， biàn yǐ mǒu dì shè cāng zhōng de chǔ liáng zhèn jì jī mín。 bìng guī dìng mín hù juān liáng yú shè cāng de biāo zhǔn：「 shàng hù bù guò yī shí， zhōng hù bù guò qī dǒu， xià hù bù guò sì dǒu。」 yì cāng zhī shè， duì rén mín de shēng huó lái shuō， zì shì yī xiàng yòu lì de bǎo zhàng。
（ liù） gǎi gé bì zhì
suí wén dì tǒng yī liǎo bì zhì， fèi chú qí tā bǐ jiào hùn luàn de gǔ bì yǐ jí sī rén zhù zào de qián bì， gǎi zhù wǔ zhū qián。“ wǔ zhū qián” bèi miàn ròu hǎo， jiē yòu zhōu guō， zhòng rú qí wén， měi qián yī qiān zhòng sì jīn 'èr liǎng。“ chē shū hùn yī， jiá bīng fāng xī。” dù liàng héng zài suí wén dì shí chóngxīn tǒng yī。“ suí shì hùn yī nán běi， fán qí、 zhōu zhī gù lǎo， liáng、 chén zhī jiù chén， xián huì cuì yīzhāo， chéng wén zhāng zhī zǒng huì。”
chú cǐ zhī wài， suí wén dì hái céng bān bù“ rén nián wǔ shí， miǎn yì shōu yōng”、“ zhàn wáng zhī jiā， gěi fù yī nián” děng rén zhèng cuò shī。
【 wén huà gòng xiàn】
hàn cháo miè wáng hòu zhōng guó jīng lì liǎo màn cháng 'ér hùn luàn de sì fēn wǔ liè de shí qī。 hàn mín zú xiàn rù liǎo cháng dá sān gè bàn shì jì de sī shā zhàn luàn zhī zhōng。 yīn wéi chūn qiū、 hàn dài de wén huà diǎn jí yīn jǐ bǎi nián lái de hùn zhàn， yīn zhàn huǒ fén huǐ、 yí shī dà bàn， gōng yuán 583 nián suí wén dì xià zhào qiú shū， xiàn shū yī juàn shǎng juàn yī pǐ。“ mín jiān yì shū， wǎng wǎng jiànchū”，“ yī、 èr nián jiān， piān jí shāo bèi”。 suí shí de cáng shū liàng shì zhōng guó lì dài zuì duō de， suí cháo cáng shū zuì duō shí yòu 37 wàn juàn， 77， 000 duō lèi de tú shū。 kě dà bù fèn tú shū yòu huǐ yú zhàn huǒ， táng xuán zōng shí cáng shū zuì duō shí 8 wàn juàn， táng xué zhě zì zhù 28， 467 juàn， táng yǐ qián tú shū zhǐ hái shèng 28， 469 juàn， zhè xiē tú shū dà bù fēn yě nán táo zhàn huǒ。
suí wén dì
【 zhū zǐ】
wén dì yòu wǔ gè 'ér zǐ， tóng wéi dú gū huáng hòu suǒ shēng， wén dì fēi cháng mǎn zú， gōng rán shuō dào：“ qián dài huáng dì nèi chǒng tài duō， wǎng wǎng yóu yú bì 'ài 'ér fèi dí lì yòu， wǒ méi yòu jī qiè， wǔ gè 'ér zǐ dōushì huáng hòu suǒ shēng，， bì rán huì hé mù xiāng chù， bù huì xiàng qián cháo nà yàng fā shēng zhēng duó。” suí wén dì zhè yàng dé yì dì xuān bù shí， gōng zhōng zhēng duó jì chéng huáng wèi de dǒu zhēng zǎo zài jìn xíng。 wǔ gè 'ér zǐ hù xiāng cāi jì， dōubù dé zhōng。 zhǎngzǐ yáng yǒng zài wén dì chēng dì qián hòu， nèi lǐng jìn wèi， wài tǒng fēng dì， hòu lái bèi lì wéi tài zǐ， cān jué jūn zhèng dà shì， céng huò wén dì de chǒng rèn。 dàn tā shē chǐ hàosè， shǐ wén dì yǔ dú gū huáng hòu shī qù liǎo duì tā de xìn rèn。 cì zǐ yáng guǎng tóng yàng shē chǐ hàosè， dàn què shàn yú wén guò shì fēi。 mào sì jiǎn yuē， bó dé liǎo fù mǔ chǒng 'ài。 yáng guǎng yǔ yuè guó gōng yáng sù gòu jié， jiē fā yáng yǒng de guò shī， jìng shǐ wén dì huái yí tài zǐ yòu duó huáng wèi de yì tú。 kāi huáng 'èr shí nián（ gōng yuán 600 nián） wén dì fèi yáng yǒng wéi shù rén， gǎi lì yáng guǎng wéi tài zǐ。
suí wén dì de 'ér zǐ qín wáng yáng jùn cóng xiǎo rén 'ài kuān shù， àihào fó jiào， céng jīng qǐng qiú chū jiā dāng hé shàng， suí wén dì méi yòu dāyìng。 děng dào tā dān rèn liǎo bìng zhōu zǒng guǎn yǐ hòu， shēng huó zhú jiàn shē chǐ， hòu lái fā zhǎn dào liǎo wéi yuè cháo tíng zhì dù guī dìng， lì yòng gōng kuǎn dà sì xiū jiàn zhuāng shì zì jǐ de gōng diàn fǔ dì。 yáng jùn hái xǐ hǎo nǚ sè， tā de fēi zǐ cuī shì shēng xìng dù jì， yóu yú dù hèn yáng jùn de hǎo sè jiù zài guā zhōng zhì dú， yáng jùn yīn zhòngdú dé bìng， bèi wén dì zhào huí jīng shī。 wén dì yóu yú yáng jùn jiāo shē zòng yù， xià lìng bà miǎn liǎo tā de guān zhí， yǐ wáng jué de shēn fèn huí jiā xián jū。 cuī fēi yě yīn wéi xià dú dú hài yáng jùn bèi fèi chú liǎo fēi zǐ míng wèi， cì sǐ zài jiā zhōng。 zuǒ wǔ wèi jiāng jūn liú shēng shàng jiàn yán dào：“ qín wáng bìng méi yòu bié de zuì guò， zhǐ bù guò shì hào fèi guó jiā qián cái yíng zào gōng shè fǔ dì 'ér yǐ， wǒ rèn wéi kě yǐ kuān róng tā。” wén dì huí dá shuō：“ guó jiā de fǎ lǜ shì bù kě yǐ wéi bèi de。” shàng shū yòu pú shè yáng sù yòu jìn jiàn shuō：“ qín wáng suǒ fàn de guò cuò， bù yìng gāi shòu dào rú cǐ yán lì de chéng chù， xī wàng bì xià zài shèn zhòng kǎo lǜ yī xià！” wén dì yòu huí dá shuō：“ nán dào wǒ zhǐ shì wǒ wǔ gè 'ér zǐ de fù qīn， bù shì tiān xià bǎi xìng de jūn fù má？ rú guǒ xiàng nǐ shuō de nà yàng， wèihé bù zhuān mén zhì dìng yòng yú tiān zǐ 'ér zǐ de fǎ lǜ ní？ yǐ zhōu gōng rén shàn de wéi rén， shàng qiě zhū shā liǎo zào fǎn de guǎn shū hé cài shū， wǒ bǐ zhōu gōng hái chā dé hěn yuǎn， yòu zěn me néng wǎng fǎ xùn sī ní？” yǐ hòu wén dì yě shǐ zhōng méi yòu dāyìng dà jiā shè miǎn yáng jùn de qǐng qiú。
hòu lái， qín xiào wáng yáng jùn yīn jiǔ bìng bù jiàn hǎo zhuǎn， jiù pài qiǎn shǐ zhě xiàng suí wén dì shàng biǎo chén xiè。 wén dì duì tā pài lái de shǐ zhě shuō：“ wǒ jié jìn quán lì chuàng xià cǐ dà yè， zhì dìng liǎo diǎn zhāng zhì dù ràng dà jiā zūn shǒu， xiàn zài lǎo bǎi xìng hé zhòng dà chén mendōu yán gé zhí xíng， nǐ zuò wéi wǒ de 'ér zǐ què yào bài huài tā， wǒ yīnggāi rú hé zé fá tā ní！” yáng jùn tīng shǐ zhě zhuǎn dá liǎo wén dì de huà hòu jì xiū kuì yòu kǒng jù， bìng shì yù jiā chén zhòng， wén dì zhī dào hòu jiù zài cì shòu gěi liǎo yáng jùn shàng zhù guó de zhí wèi。 liù yuè 'èr shí rì， qín xiào wáng yáng jùn qù shì。 wén dì dé xùn hòu kū liǎo jǐ shēng yě jiù bà liǎo， tā hái mìng lìng bǎ yáng jùn shēng qián suǒ zhì zuò de shē chǐ huá lì de wù pǐn quán bù shāo diào。 wáng fǔ nèi de liáo zuǒ men qǐng qiú wéi yáng jùn lì bēi， wén dì shuō：“ yào shì zhuī qiú míng jié， yī juàn shǐ shū jiù zú gòu liǎo， hé bì yòng bēi jìzǎi ní？ rú guǒ zǐ sūn men bù néng bǎo chí jiā yè， suǒ lì de bēi qǐ bù shì bái bái gěi rén jiā zuò zhèn shí liǎo má。” yáng jùn de 'ér zǐ yáng hào shì cuī wáng fēi suǒ shēng， lìng yī gè 'ér zǐ yáng zhàn shì qiè suǒ shēng。 qún chén bǐng chéng wén dì de zhǐ yì zòu qǐng shuō：“ dāng chū hàn dài lì jī de 'ér zǐ liú róng， guō huáng hòu de 'ér zǐ liú jiāng dū yīn qí mǔ huò zuì 'ér bèi fèi chù。 rú jīn yáng jùn liǎng gè 'ér zǐ de mǔ qīn yědōu fàn liǎo zuì， suǒ yǐ tā men yě bù yīnggāi chéng wéi wáng wèi de jì chéng rén。” wén dì tīng cóng liǎo tā men de yì jiàn， bìng qiě ràng qín xiào wáng fēng guó nèi de guān yuán wéi sàng zhù zhù chí jì sì。
【 sàng mìng】
gōng yuán 604 nián 7 yuè， wén dì bìng zhòng， wò yú cháng 'ān rén shòu gōng dà bǎo diàn nèi， yáng guǎng rèn wéi dēng shàng huáng wèi de shí jī yǐ dào， pò bù jí dài dì xiě xìn gěi yáng sù， qǐng jiào zěn yàng chǔlǐ jiāng yào dào lái de wén dì hòu shì。 bù liào sòng xìn rén wù jiāng yáng sù de huí xìn sòng gěi liǎo wén dì。 wén dì dú hòu dà nù， cǐ shí， xuān huá fū rén yī shān bù zhěng dì páo jìn lái， kū sù yáng guǎng chéng tā huàn yī shí wú chǐ dì tiáoxì tā， shǐ wén dì gèng xǐng wù dào shòu liǎo yáng guǎng de mēngpiàn， pāi zhuóchuáng zǐ dà mà：“ zhè gè chù shēng rú cǐ wú lǐ， zěn néng dān dāng zhì guó de dà rèn， huáng hòu wù liǎo wǒ de dà shì。” jí máng mìng zài bàng de dà chén liǔ shù、 yuán yán cǎo nǐ zhào shū， fèi chù yáng guǎng， zhòng lì yáng yǒng wéi tài zǐ。 yáng guǎng dé dào mì bào， yǔ dà chén yáng sù、 zhāng héng、 yǔ wén shù děng rén chéng jī fā dòng gōng tíng zhèng biàn， dài bīng bāo wéi rén shòu gōng， gǎn sàn gōng rén， dài bǔ liǎo liǔ shù、 yuán yán， jìn rù dà bǎo diàn hài sǐ liǎo wén dì。 yáng guǎng yòu pài rén jiǎ chuán wén dì yí zhǔ， yào yáng yǒng zì jìn， yáng yǒng hái méi yòu zuò chū huí dá， pài qù de rén jiù jiāng yáng yǒng tuō chū shā sǐ， jiù zhè yàng， yáng guǎng yǐ shì fù shā xiōng de shǒu duàn duó qǔ liǎo huáng wèi。 shǐ chēng yáng dì。 dì 'èr nián gǎi nián hào wéi“ dà yè”。
bù guò， shǐ xué jiè yě duì yáng guǎng shì fù yī shuō gǎn dào zhì yí。 rèn wéi yáng guǎng yǐ jīng shì tài zǐ， suí wén dì yě bìng rù gāo huāng， méi bì yào shì fù。 táng cháo biān xiě de suí shū jí lì biǎn dī yáng guǎng， zài suí wén dì hé suí yáng dì běn jì lǐ jiē shuō wén dì shì bìng sǐ。 zài suí wén dì běn jì lǐ， suí wén dì bìng qíng fā zhǎn fēi cháng hé lǐ， sī háo méi yòu tā shā jì xiàng。
【 chuán shuō · gù shì】
《 suí shū gāo zǔ běn jì》 zài： gāo zǔ yǐ dà tǒng qī nián liù yuè guǐ chǒu yè shēng yú féng yì bān ruò sì， zǐ qì chōng tíng shén guāng mǎn shì。 yòu ní lái zì hé dōng， wèi huáng bǐ yuē：“ cǐ 'ér suǒ cóng lái shèn yì， bù kě yú sú jiān chǔzhī。” ní jiāng gāo zǔ shè yú bié guǎn， gōng zì fǔ yǎng。 wéi rén lóng hàn， é shàng yòu wǔ zhù rù dǐng， mù guāng wài shè， yòu wén zài shǒu yuē“ wáng”。
zhōu tài zǔ jiàn 'ér tàn yuē：“ cǐ 'ér fēng gǔ， bù sì dài jiànrén。” míng dì jí wèi， shòu yòu xiǎo gōng bó， jìn fēng dà xīng jùn gōng。 dì cháng qiǎn shàn xiāng zhě zhào zhāo shì zhī， zhāo guǐ duì yuē：“ bù guò zuò zhù guó 'ěr。” jì 'ér yīn wèi gāo zǔ yuē：“ gōng dāng wéi tiān xià jūn， bì dà zhū shā 'ér hòu dìng。 shàn jì bǐ yán。” wǔ dì jí wèi， qiān zuǒ xiǎo gōng bó。 chū suí zhōu cì shǐ， jìn wèi dàjiàng jūn。 hòu zhēng hái， yù huáng bǐ qǐn jí sān nián， zhòu yè bù lí zuǒ yòu， dài chēng chún xiào。 yǔ wén hù zhí zhèng， yóu jì gāo zǔ， lǚ jiāng hài yān， dàjiàng jūn hóu fú、 hóu shòu děng kuāng hù dé miǎn。 qí hòu xí jué suí guó gōng。 wǔ dì pìn gāo zǔ cháng nǚ wéi huáng tài zǐ fēi， yì jiā lǐ zhòng。 qí wáng xiàn yán yú dì yuē：“ pǔ liù rú jiān xiàngmào fēi cháng， chén měi jiàn zhī， bù jué zì shī。 kǒng fēi rén xià， qǐng zǎo chú zhī。” dì yuē：“ cǐ zhǐ kě wéi jiāng 'ěr。” nèi shǐ wáng guǐ zhòu yán yú dì yuē：“ huáng tài zǐ fēi shè jì zhù， pǔ liù rú jiān mào yòu fǎn xiāng。” dì bù yuè， yuē：“ bì tiān mìng yòu zài， jiāng ruò zhī hé！” gāo zǔ shèn jù， shēn zì huì nì。
měi xún xìng， héng wěi jū shǒu。 shí dì wéi《 xíng jīng shèng zhì》， qí fǎ shēn kè。 gāo zǔ yǐ fǎ lìng zī zhāng， fēi xīng huà zhī dào， qiē jiàn， bù nà。 gāo zǔ wèi wàng yì lóng， dì pō yǐ wéi jì。 dì yòu sì xìng jī， bìng wéi huáng hòu， zhū jiā zhēng chǒng， shù xiāng huǐ zèn。 dì měi fèn nù， wèi hòu yuē：“ bì zú miè 'ěr jiā！” yīn zhào gāo zǔ， mìng zuǒ yòu yuē：“ ruò sè dòng， jí shā zhī。” gāo zǔ jì zhì， róng sè zì ruò， nǎi zhǐ。
《 zī zhì tōng jiàn》 zài：
chén hòu zhù qiǎn sàn qí cháng shì zhōu fén、 tōng zhí sàn qí cháng shì yuán yàn pìn yú dà suí。 hòu zhù wén dà suí gāo zǔ wén huáng dì zhuàng mào yì rén， shǐ yàn huà xiàng 'ér guī。 dì jiàn， shī tài wú zhuàng， jīng kuáng pūdì， dà hài yuē：“ wú bù yù jiàn cǐ rén！” jí mìng píng zhī。
《 suí shū》 juàn wǔ shí《 páng huàng chuán》 yún：
shí gāo zǔ chū wéi suí zhōu cì shǐ， lù jīng xiāng yáng， wèi wáng lìng 〔 páng 〕 huàng yì gāo zǔ。 huàng zhī gāo zǔ fēi cháng rén， shēn zì jié nà。 jí gāo zǔ qù guān guī jīng shī， huàng yíng jiàn gāo zǔ yú xiāng yì。 gāo zǔ shèn huān。 huàng yīn bái gāo zǔ yuē：“ gōng xiāng mào fēi cháng， míng zài tú lù。 jiǔ wǔ zhī rì， xìng yuàn bù wàng。” gāo zǔ xiào yuē：“ hé wàng yán yě！”
《 suí shū》 juàn qī shí bā yún：
wéi dǐng zhī pìn zhōu yě， cháng yǔ gāo zǔ xiāng yù， dǐng wèi gāo zǔ yuē：“ guān gōng róng mào， gù fēi cháng rén， ér shén jiān shēn yuǎn， yì fēi qún xián suǒ dài yě。 bù jiǔ bì dà guì， guì zé tiān xià yī jiā， suì yī zhōu tiān， lǎo fū dāng wěi zhì。 gōng xiāng bù kě yán， yuàn shēn zì 'ài。”
dào shì zhāng bīn、 jiāo zǐ shùn、 yàn mén rén dǒng zǐ huá， cǐ sān rén， dāng gāo zǔ lóng qián shí， bìng sī wèi gāo zǔ yuē：“ gōng dāng wéi tiān zǐ， shàn zì 'ài。” jí jiàn zuò， yǐ bīn wéi huá zhōu cì shǐ， zǐ shùn wéi kāi fǔ， zǐ huá wéi shàng yí tóng。
chá zhī xíng shì， cháng yǐ lián jiǎn wéi běn。 ér jù shǐ jí jìzǎi， suí wén dì qín yú zhèng wù， zì fèng shèn jiǎn， chá què yě shì yú zuǒ yòu。《 suí shū》 zhōng céng jì yòu yī gè pō wéi guài dàn de shì： mǒu yè， suí wén dì zuò liǎo gè 'è mèng， mèng jiàn yòu wèi shén rén bǎ tā de tóu gǔ gěi huàn liǎo， mèng xǐng yǐ hòu biàn yī zhí tóu tòng。 hòu lái yù yī sēng rén， gào sù tā shuō： " shān zhōng yòu míng cǎo， zhǔ 'ér yǐn zhī dāng yù。 " suí wén dì fú zhī yǐ hòu guǒ rán jiàn xiào。 yīn wéi shàng yòu hǎo zhě， xià bì shèn yān， suǒ yǐ dāng shí rén men jìng xiāng cǎi chuò， bìng yòu yī zàn yún： " qióng chūn qiū， yǎn hé tú， bù rú zài míng yī chē。 " yì wéi zuò rén kǔ xīn zuānyán kǒng zǐ de《 chūn qiū》， dān jīng jié lǜ qù yǎn yì chèn shū《 hé tú》 -- xiǎng chū rén tóu dì -- hái bù rú yòu xǔ duō chá hē lái dé kuài huó。
nán cháo qí wǔ dì yě shì yī gè zūn chá de jūn zhù， bìng míng wén guī dìng tiān xià wú lùn guì jiàn， yòu jì diàn bì xū gōng chá， dàn yīn nán qí dì piān nán fāng， qí shàng xíng xià xiào de yǐng xiǎng hé chéng xiào què yuǎn bù rú suí wén dì。 suí wén dì yī tǒng tiān xià， jié shù liǎo nán běi cháo cháng qī de duì zhì jú miàn， nán běi de yǐn chá děng fēng sú wén huà cái dé yǐ xùn sù jiāo róng。 ér qiě yǐ tā dì wáng zhī zūn 'ér shì chá（《 suí shū》 de jìzǎi guò yú shén huà）， yú shì pǔ tiān zhī xià（ yóu qí shì huáng hé liú yù） chá bù zài bèi bēi shì wéi " lào nú "。
【 xiāng guān píng jià】
suí cháo de lǐ dé lín《 tiān mìng lùn》 zhōng shuō suí wén dì，“ dì tǐ mào duō qí， qí miàn yòu rì yuè hé hǎi， chì lóng zì tōng， tiān jiǎo hóng dà， shuāng shàng quán gǔ， wān huí bào mù， kǒu rú sì zì， shēng ruò chuàn gǔ， shǒu nèi yòu wáng wén， nǎi shòu jiǔ xī。 hào tiān chéng mìng， yú shì hū zài。 gù pàn xián yǎ， wàng zhī rú shén， qì diào jīng líng， kuò náng yǔ zhòu， wēi fàn yě kě jìng， cí 'ài yě kě qīn， zǎo rèn gōng qīng， shēng wàng zì zhòng。” chū táng de lǐ yán shòu zài《 běi shǐ》 zhōng zàn měi suí wén dì，“ huáng kǎo měi xū rán， shēn cháng qī chǐ bā cùn， zhuàng mào guī wěi， wǔ yì jué lún； shí liàng shēn zhòng， yòu jiànglǜ zhī lüè。”
suí yáng dì yáng guǎng céng zhè yàng gē sòng guò fù qīn：“ gāo zǔ wén huáng dì shòu tiān míng mìng， yǎn yòu qū xià， zhěng qún fēi yú sì hǎi， gé diāo bì yú bǎi wáng， xù yù huǎn xíng， shēng líng jiē suì qí xìng， qīng yáo bó fù， bǐ wū gè 'ān qí yè。 huī yí yǔ zhòu， hùn yī chē shū。” zēngsūn zǐ yuè wáng yáng dòng zhè yàng zàn měi tā，“ gāo zǔ wén huáng dì shèng lüè shén gōng， zài zào qū xià。 zhāng sì wéi 'ér lín wàn yǔ， móu sān huáng 'ér bìng wǔ dì。”
lǐ xué de zǔ shī yé zhū xī：“ dì píng chén jí， tiān zòng shén wǔ， kāi yùn wò tú， chuàng yè chuí tǒng， shèng dé yě； bō luàn fǎn zhèng， jì guó níng rén， liù hé bā hóng， tóng wén gòng guǐ， shén gōng yě； xuán jiǔ táo páo， yún hé gū zhú， yīn sì shàng dì， zūn jí pèi tiān， dà xiào yě； yǎn bó jí gē， zhèng lǐ cái lè， nà mín shòu yù， qū sú fú lín， zhì zhèng yě。”
sòng cháo de chén pǔ zài《 lì dài chuán shòu gē》 zhōng dào：“ běi qí hòu zhōu yóu yī yú， suí wén hùn yī shuò nán jì。” dà rú wáng fū zhī zàn píng dào：“ suí wén zhī dài wēi yě， gù yǐ gǔ dà chén zhī rèn wàng zhī； wēi zhī suǒ yǐ zì jiàn zhě， yì yǐ píng sì hǎi、 zhèng fēng sú wéi jǐ gōng。” suí wén dì shì zhōng guó lì shǐ shàng dì yī gè huáng páo jiā shēn de huáng dì，《 dú tōng jiàn lùn》：“ kāi huáng yuán nián， suí zhù fú huáng， dìng huáng wéi shàng fú zhī zūn， jiàn wéi yǒng zhì。” zì suí wén dì kāi shǐ chuān huáng páo yǐ hòu， cóng cǐ zhōng guó hòu dài huáng dì dū chuān huáng sè de yī fú liǎo。
hòu shì de dà wén háo sū dōng pō chēng tā“ ruì shèng zì tiān， yīng huá dú xiù， xíng fǎ yǔ lǐ yí tóng yùn， wén dé gòng wǔ gōng jù yuǎn。 ài wàn wù qí rú jǐ， rèn zhào shù yǐ wéi yōu。 shǒu yùn jī héng， gōng mìng jiāng shì， shān yí jiān guǐ， shuà dàng fēn kūn， huà tōng guàndài， wēi zhèn yōu xiá。 yú shùn zhī dà gōng 'èr shí， wèi zú xiāng bǐ， jī fā zhī hé wèi sān wǔ， qǐ kě zú lùn。” wèi zhēng zàn tàn dào：“ huáng dì zài dàn zhī chū， shén guāng mǎn shì， jù xīng wáng zhī biǎo， yùn dà shèng zhī néng。 huò qì huò yún， yìn yìng yú láng miào； rú tiān rú rì， lín zhào yú xuān miǎn。 nèi míng wài shùn， zì xiǎn huò 'ān， qǐ fēi wàn fú fú chí， bǎi lù yōu jí。”
hòu shì de wèi zhēng zàn tàn dào：“ huáng dì zài dàn zhī chū， shén guāng mǎn shì， jù xīng wáng zhī biǎo， yùn dà shèng zhī néng。 huò qì huò yún， yìn yìng yú láng miào； rú tiān rú rì， lín zhào yú xuān miǎn。 nèi míng wài shùn， zì xiǎn huò 'ān， qǐ fēi wàn fú fú chí， bǎi lù yōu jí。” kě jiàn suí wén dì duì hòu shì zhōng guó zào chéng shēn yuǎn de yǐng xiǎng hěn duō。 rú sān shěng liù bù zhì、 kāi huáng lǜ、 zhōu xiàn liǎng jí zhì、 jūn tián zhì、 dà yùn hé、 kē jǔ zhì dù、 cháng 'ān chéng、 luò yáng chéng、 yì cāng de chuàng lì。
【
běi qí hé běi zhōu shí qī shàng céng guì zú， céng jīng yī dù rè zhōng yú xiān bēi huà yǔ xī hú huà。 suī rán běi zhōu wǔ dì qīn zhèng zhī hòu， kāi shǐ chàng dǎo hàn huà。 577 nián， běi zhōu miè běi qí， tǒng yī běi fāng。 dàn shì yóu yú běi zhōu wǔ dì yīng nián zǎo shì， běi zhōu de hàn huà jìn chéng yī dù gē qiǎn。 ]
suí wén dì
suí wén dì tǒng yī liǎo bì zhì， fèi chú qí tā bǐ jiào hùn luàn de gǔ bì yǐ jí sī rén zhù zào de qián bì， gǎi zhù wǔ zhū qián。“ wǔ zhū qián” bèi miàn ròu hǎo， jiē yòu zhōu guō， zhòng rú qí wén， měi qián yī qiān zhòng sì jīn 'èr liǎng。“ chē shū hùn yī， jiá bīng fāng xī。” dù liàng héng zài suí wén dì shí chóngxīn tǒng yī。“ suí shì hùn yī nán běi， fán qí、 zhōu zhī gù lǎo， liáng、 chén zhī jiù chén， xián huì cuì yīzhāo， chéng wén zhāng zhī zǒng huì。”
běi zhōu de ] fǎ lǜ jì cán kù yòu hùn luàn，“ nèi wài kǒng bù， rén bù zì 'ān”。 zài
【 shī wén】
“ hóng yán jù jǐ？ yù mào xū yú。 yīzhāo huā luò， bái fā nán chú。 míng nián hòu suì， shuí yòu shuí wú。”
héng héng《 yàn qín xiào wáng yú bìng zhōu zuò》
【
gōng yuán 541 nián，
gōng yuán 555 nián， nián jǐn 14 suì de
gōng yuán 581 nián，
gōng yuán 582 nián，
gōng yuán 583 nián，
gōng yuán 585 nián， suí bān bù xīn de hù jí zhì dù，
gōng yuán 589 nián， suí miè nán chén， tǒng yī tiān xià。
gōng yuán 590 nián，
gōng yuán 597 nián，
gōng yuán 599 nián，
gōng yuán 601 nián，
gōng yuán 604 nián，
AD 581 in February Jiazi day, the Northern Zhou Dynasty static the expectations of a return to Yang Jian edict announced demise. Yang Jian became the emperor ascended the throne, will be the country for large Sui, reign title to open Emperor, declared amnesty world.
Emperor Wen ordered the construction of Xijing Daxing Town (that are modeled on the prototype was Chang'an) and Tokyo, of Luoyang City, Daxing town thought the design and layout of urban construction and later in Japan, North Korea has a profound impact on urban development. Emperor Wen in AD 584 Yuwen Kai, leading his men in order to open canal drainage. Northwest cited Wei Xingcheng arrogant, a little drainage canal along the old course of the East Han Dynasty, to Tongguan into the Yellow River, over 150 km long, were wide drainage. This is the start of construction of the Grand Canal, the Grand Canal to connect the two civilizations. Yangtze River to the Yellow River has gradually become one.
During the Western Wei dynasty, a new elite group, turned out to skyrocket, extending the life of the Chinese aristocracy of the times, and created an unprecedented era of great, this is the aspect of China nearly two years of military aristocracy of Guanlong Group, which originated on behalf of the North Wuchuan, first built in the Guanzhong, create Zaochu four dynasties, namely, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, which is unprecedented in Chinese history, a miracle, and China into a new historical peak, the originator is the rage of Western Wei eight Zhu Guo.
1. "Financial administration of Hu and Han nationalities who are intelligent force";
Empress
Xuanhuafuren female Ningyuan Gong Chen Xuandi Southern Lord
Son
Fei Cui Qin Yang Jun
Female
Princess Bear Quang Binh prefectural governor, Anderson County public buildings still quiet ceremony
On growth Princess (Princess Ann million), still Sui Luo Zhou Zongguan, Dou Rong Chen Guogong
King of Qi Yang Jian Fei Webster
Yang Fei Tang Na Li Shimin
Gao Yang Wang of the built Anwang Shao Wang Liangyuan Health
Qinxiao Wang Yang Hao, Xingyang prefect Yang Zhan, WF Princess
Jian Sui】 【throne
North Zhouxuan Di died, the young emperor to the throne of static, Yang Jian Chao collusion Elegance fake to "Colonial palaces," the ground, made the post of Colonial Secretary, taking the affairs of state, has the overall military and political power, known as "false Huang Yue Zuo the prime minister, "the military and outside the military governor. Yang Jian Zhou then seize political power has become "riding a tiger" trend. He placed trusted aides, the deployment of forces, in preparation. Eradication of the Northern Zhou Dynasty in a decisive manner the most powerful imperial family, "the five kings", the further suppression of the Yuchi Jiong Sima consumers and others difficult to mutiny.
Since the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen ready to attack the Chen Dynasty, unified the country, ministers convened to discuss eradicating Emperor Wen Chen's plan. Gao Jiong Pu She said: "To eliminate Chen, Chen must first destroy food reserves. Jiangnan housing, granaries mostly bamboo, rice straw, as long as the release of a fire, you can into ashes. When they cut the rice, We sent troops to harass. and so they cut the rice and soldiers together, we will withdraw troops. so a few times, they do not really see us play, we must prepare to relax. By that time, we took the opportunity to break through the natural barrier of Yangtze River. "side to send troops was Emperor Wen harassment south, side of warships built in time to send Minister Yang Su, ready to cross the river.
Open Huang nine (AD 589) the first month started this early morning, fog sky, on the river mist and fog, see nothing. Chen Zhaojun Chen snored, 2 SUI by general Heruo Bi, Han Qinhu lead, quietly crossed the Yangtze River, and then combined, has surrounded Jian Kang City.
Gentleman salty music its students, the villains in his or her business, not bullying the weak and strong, the public does not oppress the few, the characters of Yin Fu, government and joyous. Two decades, the world without incident, the district within the Yu Yan as also. Examination of the kings, Sheng strong enough to participate in track. "This is the book Sui's" King of the open rule. "
Sui Dynasty unified China, the side's commitment in frugal side has taken many measures to help consolidate political power. Because he understood that "the ancient imperial luxury and can not well sustained," the theory, so when he Colonial began life on the promotion of thrift, the palace of the Imperial Concubine Bu Zuomei ornaments, scholars and more general use of cloth, ribbons only angle iron and bone, not Ok. Hu Wen wanted to use powder and woven collar, actually went through the palace, can not find. This into practice thrift, to get people to reduce the burden of corresponding, but also conducive to the implementation of the measures, Emperor Wen series of reform measures, much less the country's fiscal expenditure, an increase of state revenue. Kai huang 17 years account Shigemori, foreign warehouse, are all surplus product. All confer to not more than funding, the Secretary for public funds in the estate both here full, active in the profile under the veranda, then stop the emperor is assigned in order to give Li Yuan. Emperor Wen ascended the throne when the first national population 4 million, has reached 8.9 million when the Emperor ascended the throne to one of six dollars, no less than 50 million population, this figure only reached about until the Emperor. Until after the death of Emperor Taizong, Gaozong successor, namely, 3.8 million accounts. Emperor, the country 7.6 million, 4100 million people. Suikai Huang nine 19,440,000 ares of cultivated land, cultivated land has been the great cause of mid-55850000 ares. Tang Tianbao 14 years 14.3 million ares of cultivated land. Emperor ascended the throne there are 8.9 million, while the Tang until Jiabeng only 3.8 million, the difference in strength can imagine.
Yang Jian in 584 AD, Emperor Wen Yuwen Kai, leading his men in order to open canal drainage. Northwest cited Wei Xingcheng arrogant, a little drainage canal along the old course of the East Han Dynasty, to Tongguan into the Yellow River, over 150 km long, were wide drainage. This is the start of construction of the Grand Canal. Grand Canal connecting the Yangtze River Yellow River, connecting the two civilizations. Yangtze River to the Yellow River has gradually become one. The canal during the reign of his son, Yang Guang completed North-South reunification of China has played a certain role.
The early period of the Sui is a undone, 100 to be rule of the situation chaotic. Majestic Emperor Wen of a board seat, displaying his bold vision on. The political system a series of major reforms.
(B) streamline the Local Official
590 AD, Emperor Wen Yang Jian Chao Fu Bing into the counties household, soldiers, farmers began this unity. Yang Jian also made for the reform of local institutions. Shang Yang Shangxi degree of support he proposed the adoption of the "keep going to busy, and big to small" proposal, where the original chaotic Bureaucracy from state, county, county to streamline the state and county levels, withdrawal of the territory of more than 500 counties. At the same time, weed out the superfluous and unqualified a large number of redundant officials, some of the counties combined. Significant savings in government expenditure, improve administrative efficiency, but also reduce the burden on the people. In order to exercise power, control over local, Yang Jian ordered Nine above all by the central appointment and removal of officials. Officials of the appointment power solely by the board of civil control, prohibiting local officials on the spot hiring Liaozuo. And conduct annual assessment by the Ministry of Personnel, to determine rewards and punishments, down. Subsequently, a three-year tenure system. Yang Jian simplify the local administration, waste Nine Palace Act, start-up examination system. Emperor Wen ordered the three states selected articles China and the United States each year, talented people, by the central government. Later, Emperor Wen ordered, Beijing officials Wupinyishang, local officials and the Department of the provincial governor control to the lifts, and play by the virtuous talent. This system of selecting government officials, so that each class of talented people have the opportunity for government effectiveness. Yang Jian open examination system established in China over 1300 years of history, retain, until the late Qing Dynasty abolished, but was amazed by United States and Britain and other countries and learn from this selection system, as government clerks employed methods.
(C) amendments to "open imperial law"
Zhou laws both cruel and chaotic, "internal and external terrorism, people do not own security." Yang Jian Zhou regime in the master had been on the reform, will personally delete the "punishment book to the system," but not quite. After the founding of the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen ordered the first year of life to open Emperor Gao Wei, □, and others refer to the old law, the formulation "open imperial law." Queen to open three years, Emperor Wen has ordered Solvay, Niuhong modify the new law, remove the harshness of the provisions. "Open imperial law" to the original castration (destruction of the genitals), tying a (Wumafenshi), owl's first (cut head hanging in the flag for public display) and other harsh criminal law be repealed. Provides Yigai not genocide criminal. Minus a capital 81, 154 current crime, only, sticks and other crimes more than a thousand articles, retains the legal code 500. Death penalty into the flow, thereby, stick, bamboo cane is five. Basically completed the reform since the Han Wen criminal penal system since the reform process, which is five chief forms of feudal system. "Reading Chronicle on the" Comments such praise: "The old shall no longer use corporal punishment, Science of jen. However, the penalty Han, whom the system more, so Five Barbarians been eating beasts, who have to do as one pleases their anger miserable. As Robert W., Yuwen, Gao of the world, will be the death penalty to five: Yue-Qing, twisted, cut, Owl, hall, another porter of punish Yan, both Qi and Chinese law are also adventitious. Administrative Law for the Sui Dynasty, the death penalty system 2: said, twisting, said, chopping, whip the rod change, change for the bamboo cane rod, non-ethnic rebellion took an unusual move without punishment, weeping For this, the contractor users, the system also are political. "Fu Zou death penalty system is to open Emperor 10 five years of the formation of custom, Emperor Wen requires that all death penalty cases, subject to the "three outs" in order to execute the death penalty. "Book of Sui Dynasty": "(to open Emperor) 10 five-year, a capital offense who played and never three." Emperor Wen also issued an edict: "There is a capital offense, states were not will never, repeat rule engraved in marble." "Open imperial law "far-reaching impact on later law, Yang Jian amended law are basically a continuation of the Tang Dynasty.
(D) lead Juntian Order
(E) set granary
Wen set when the warehouse can be divided into two types, namely, warehouse and granary official. Official positions of the grain storage, to provide military personnel the public. Set the official position of the objective is to increase the efficiency of water transport Kanto; is to the original state of the Imperial Kanto direct input of individual food approach, to focus and staging approach. And set the meter position along the Yellow River, first check the food concentrated in the eastern states, where these positions, and wide use of the Yellow River drainage and transported to the Capital. So time and resources are save. According to Chinese estimates, Wen dynasty food stored in various positions, has been used for the Government to 56 years. Granary, also known as social position, set in the countryside, its grain storage by the people contributing money to prepare for famine relief to victims. Military people to donate food, into the local community barn from "Social Division" specifically to deal with matters relating to relief projects and storage. In case of occurrence of a famine to the poor harvest, when the community a place to store it in the Grain Bread. And to provide public warehouse operators donate food to community standards: "the family, but one stone, but in seven households struggle, the next family, but four words." Granary of the set, on the lives of people who, naturally a strong protection.
(Vi) currency reform
】 【Cultural contributions
Accession to the throne after Emperor Wen Yang Jian had such a decree under: "re-founding Road, Mo before school, respect for the people the main shelter, MO prior to ceremony. Since the Wilcoxon non-competition, Zhou, Qi counter, sub-seas of the people, fighting the second state of power delivery is strong or weak, and more over the years. craftiness and thin and refined works, heavy arms and light ZU beans, the people not see Germany, the only dispute is heard. opposition to ingenious as a teacher, Wen Li profound as the method used, the wind pouring Popular disadvantages of the course also. Although complex to establish Xiangxu, and Kai Hong Sook, when your non-industry, Dow is not OK. During subscribe Confucianism, cover with the men, and Bizhong few I could not move custom. However, to maintain its name Education, awards decorations Yi Lun, microfacies Hongik, Rice only. king Edward, Xiujiu with technology, courtesy the good fortune will fall, the rise of insulting the evildoer. were intrinsic Wuchang, spirits mixed together courtesy the yin and yang, Germany , rude is an animal of their heart. sustains the country, not indecent assault. I ordered on the day, finance into things, to Hua Yi disorder should seek weathering. Ring thrift, the first Baipi, kept taxes low, wing to Hong wide. The habits students often failed to punish leather, Lu Yan Shi Shu, good and bad of the ceremony, noted the good side fixed, non system. executive post of the Constitution, no smell like ear plugs, hand people's government, which still cover head be aware of. promote the DPRK, and its almost if? science of the ancients, and the cultivation and support. this small non-served by the public the day when the rest of agricultural acres, if the London to their studies and advised to by the ceremony, could be home from Mu Boulevard , who hope D'. more than just a courtesy to know, know shame, Fucizaixiao, brother Christine brother who almost along? began in the Capital or embassies and the gun, should only Zhen Yi, Quan Xue salute. "" Sui Shu "It said: "Individuality counties are home world, Dr. Raymond Yan." This shows that Chinese civilization and the revival of his play a huge role.
】 【Scholars
Emperor Wen's son Emperor Qin Yang Jun childhood love forgiveness, love of Buddhism, monks have been requested as a monk, Emperor Wen did not agree. When he served, and Zhou Zongguan after the luxury of life gradually, and later developed to a violation of the court system requires more use of public funds to decorate their palaces built big mansion. HU also preferences in sex, his concubine Cui jealous by nature, due to the lustful ressentiment HU home in Guatemala in the drug, Yang Jun disease due to poisoning was Wen recalled the Capital. Wen Yang Jun Jiaoshe as lust, ordered the dismissal of his official position to Wang Jue home homebound status. Cui Fei Yang Jun poisoned because of poisoning was abolished concubine fame, Prince in the home. Rose on the left Bue General Liu made remonstrance: "The king and no other sin, only cost the state money to create a palace mansion house only, I think he can be tolerant." Wen said: "The state of the law is not the breach. "Shang You Pushe salicin it plain speaking, said:" king of the fault committed, should not be so severely punished, I hope His Majesty then seriously consider! "Wen said then:" Can I just I 5 son's father, not the common people of Junfu? If as you say, why not tailor-made for the emperor, the son of the law? to Zhou Gongren good man, yet it Heaven's a rebel Guan Shu and Cai Shu, I am far worse than the Duke, how can pervert the law to favoritism? "later also Wen Yang Jun has never promised us a pardon request.
Later, Yang Jun Qin Xiaowang not improve because of long illness, on the table to send envoys to the Emperor Wen Chen Xie. Emperor Wen of his emissaries, said: "I make every effort to set this cause, established laws and institutions so that we observe, and now the people and all the ministers are strictly enforced, as my son, you have to ruin it, I should his punishment to do! "Yang Jun listen messenger conveyed Wen's words not only shame and fear, even more heavy disease situation, the emperor granted again after that to the HU position on Zhu Guo. June 20, Qinxiao Wang Yang Jun's death. Emperor Wen was crying a few times after hearing it when he ordered the Yang Junsheng before making all the luxury items gorgeous burnt. Liaozuo within the palace are requested for Yang Junli monument, Wen said: "If the pursuit of name section, a roll of history books is enough, why use the tablet records? If children are unable to maintain the family business, the establishment of the monument Qibushibai white for others to you rock the town. "Yang Jun is the son of Yang Hao Cui Princess born, another son, concubine Yang Zhan was born. God's will petitioned ministers Bingcheng Wen said: "When the son of Rong Ji Han Li, Kuo Queen's son Liu Xinjiang have been deposed by his mother felon. HU now the mother of two sons have also committed a crime Therefore, they should not become heir to the throne. "Wen listened to their views, and let Qinxiao Wang Feng funeral home officials presided over the main ritual.
In July 604 AD, the emperor was seriously ill, Wo Yu Long An Renshou Palace palace, the Yang Guang think the time has come to ascend the throne, could not wait to write to salicin, ask how to deal with the arrival of the Emperor Wen to be funeral. Unexpectedly, the reply messenger mistakenly gave Yang Su Wen. Wen reading furious, this time, Xuanhuafuren Yishanbuzheng to run in, cried Yang Guang by shamelessly molested her when she Huanyi to Wen also awakened to the deceived by the Yang Guang, patting Chuangzi cursed: " The animal that disrespectful, how to play any of the country's largest, the Queen my big mistake. "hurried life out in the next minister Liu, Yuan Yan drafting the decree, deposed Yang Guang, re-established as the Prince Yong. Yang Guang get a tip, and the Minister Yang Su, Zhang Heng, Yuwen Shu, who took the opportunity to launch a palace coup, leading troops surrounded Renshou Palace, Palace were forced out, described the arrest of Liu, Yuan Yan, into the great palace killed the Emperor Wen. Yang Guang Chuan Wen will leave it sent to Yong himself, Yong has not responded, the person will be sent to kill Yong dragged, this way, Yang Guang to kill his father and brother to kill a means of seizing the throne . Known to history as Emperor Yang. Changed the second year reign as the "cause."
However, historians also Yang Guang kill his father and one said he was questioned. That Yang Guang has a Prince, Emperor Wen also ill, no need to kill his father. Written in the Sui Tang Yang Guang tried to play down in Emperor Wen and Emperor Wen of the discipline in all that is dead. In the Emperor Wen of the century, the Emperor Wen progression of the disease is very reasonable, and no signs of homicide.
Chen emperor of grave removal Sanqichangshi week, straight Sanjichangshi employed in large Sui Yuan Yan. Emperor of the Emperor Wen Wen Tai Sui Gaozu landscape ever different people, portraits and return to Yan. Tai See, gaffe-free form, Frantic servant, the Tai Hai said: "I do not want to met with the person!" Screen of urgent life.
"Sui Shu" VII 18 says:
Sui Li Delin "fatalism," said the Emperor Wen, "Imperial Aspect more strange, the sun and the moon surface with Hohai, Chilong self-taught, days horn loud, double-bone on the right, turn back to hold head, mouth, such as four words, sound and if chuan drums, hand there Wang, affected by the Investigation and Exposition. Haotian of order by reason that the. stare Elegant, look for like a god, atmosphere wizard, Kuonang universe, Wei Fan is also respectable, loving also amiable, early Rengong Qing, standing self-respect. "Early in the Li Yanshou in the" Northern History "in praise Emperor Wen," August Ones America Xu Ran, seven feet in length Bacun, landscape ever Gui Wei, martial arts preposterous; amount of profound knowledge There will rate a little. "
Song Chen Pu in the "teach ancient song" Mean: "Northern Qi Dynasty Later Zhou Dynasty still corner, Sui Wen Shuo South cum mixed one." Confucianist Wang Fu Chan comments: "The text of the question Sui Wei also, the Minister of any solid look to the ancient s; Wei reason from those who see, they also flat seas, is custom for their own success. "Emperor Wen is the first rule as emperor in Chinese history the emperor," Reading Chronicle ": the" open imperial emperor, Huang Sui Zhu services , will be yellow for the last service of the respect, the construction for the permanent system. "started wearing yellow robe from Emperor Wen after the offspring from the Emperor of China wear yellow clothes.
【Chinese】 Yang Jian Fu
Northern Qi and Northern Zhou period of the upper nobility, was once interested in Descent of the West of Wu. Although the North Yu Wen Yong reign, the beginning advocate finished. 577, Northern Zhou destroyed Northern Qi Dynasty, unified the north. However, due to premature death North Yu Wen Yong, Zhou's localization process has been delayed. ] Yang Jian Wu Chuan Zhen Sima Yang Yuanshou ancestors by supporting meritorious been given surname Hu Xianbei P 6 Ru, [Yang Jian took office immediately after the resumption of their surnames, immediately exercise finished. Yang Jian old veterans of the rebellion, despotic Dali, upper nobility, punish the crime Yi returned with no mercy. He did not dismiss a number of talented ministers, including his own people meritorious win throne, only hard work will be some people who really promoted up, his assistant, his management of state government. Emperor Wen of the benevolent policy of the implementation of the civilian population. Yang Jian, after the basic stability of the regime, Yang Jian began a series of reforms, including the political system of the central and local, tax, land system, law, money, foreign relations and so on. Yang Jian repair system within the outer ask Shii, advocating frugality, diligence and reasonable government. "Ensure that employees on Jackson, operating Quartet," "Big Chonghui Zheng, Qing dynasty law, personally assumed thrift, Yue of the world.", "Hereby airplane ride, gradually move Chow", "contained in the staff side, into Xinjiang Li, Yu Gong made, the salt by Zhengshuo. "AD 587 (open Huang seven) Sui off Girder, AD 589 (open Huang nine) off Chan Sui unified China. Emperor Wen of China at the end of a century the situation of division, but also the end of China's three or four hundred years of the war era. Emperor Wen mining] The Sun Sheng's "distant and recent attack from the strong and weak together" strategy, mainly used to draw differentiation and pro-Turk, Turks consumption to the civil war, and thus separately. AD 599 (open Huang 18 years) Turk strife, conflict Sui Lee Khan Ben to Tunisia for the Kai Man Lee Khan, built the city residence of Italy. AD 602 (Renshou years) SUI big break Turk, regain the Loop, north of the border extended to the Yin. Yang Jian create a "hoplite strong", "popular Miles" big Sui dynasty, with the result, "Jinling loss insurance," "Chanyu paragraph congestion." [Hu and Han Sui unified culture marks the completion of grafting.
Accession to the throne after Emperor Wen Yang Jian had such a decree under: "re-founding Road, Mo before school, respect for the people the main shelter, MO prior to ceremony. Since the Wilcoxon non-competition, Zhou, Qi counter, sub-seas of the people, fighting the second state of power delivery is strong or weak, and more over the years. craftiness and thin and refined works, heavy arms and light ZU beans, the people not see Germany, the only dispute is heard. opposition to ingenious as a teacher, Wen Li profound as the method used, the wind pouring Popular disadvantages of the course also. Although complex to establish Xiang Xu, and Kai Hong Sook, when your non-industry, Road no line. During subscribe to Confucianism, covered with the men, and Bizhong few I could not move custom. However, to maintain its name Education, awards decorations Yi Lun, microfacies Hongik, Rice only. King Edward, Xiujiu with the technology, courtesy the good fortune will fall, the rise of rude is evildoer. were intrinsic Wuchang, spirits mixed together courtesy the yin and yang, Germany , rude is an animal of their heart. sustains the country, indecent assault can not. I ordered on the day, money into things, to Hua Yi disorder should seek weathering. Ring thrift, the first Baipi, kept taxes low, wing to Hong wide. The habits students often failed to punish leather, Lu Yan Shi Shu, good and bad of the ceremony, noted the good side fixed, non system. executive post of the Constitution, no smell like ear plugs, hand people's government, which still cover head be aware of. promote the DPRK, and its almost if? science of the ancients, and the cultivation and support. this small non-served by the public the day when the rest of agricultural acres, if the London to their studies and advised to by the ceremony, could be home from Mu Boulevard , who hope D'. more than just a courtesy to know, know shame, Fucizaixiao, brother Christine brother who almost along? began in the Capital or embassies and the gun, should only Zhen Yi, Quan Xue salute. "" Suishu Ru Lin Biography "Chan said, : "emperor Ying Li of Compilation, Ping-Universal, to cover the Dayton Skynet, Ben Jing courtesy of silk, set to tie up the good Jazz, so universally strong Kyushu University to be asked of persons, Mibu Biji Yan. Son of Heaven is entire Wan Cheng, rate Bai Liao, Zun asked the device, view hold the essence of the ceremony. Dr. exhausted Debate suspended river, sijung exhaust re-I of Austria, Yi Dynasty is dead, and research nuclear similarities and differences, Ji Zhi group suspect, Huanran vanish. So Super Zhuo Qi Xiu, Houshangzhuru, Jingyi up to almost four, all schools Kai Hong. Qi and Lu, Zhao, Wei, academics in particular, many headed for recovery division, far behind, say chanting voice, road without a break. Zhongzhou elegance of Sheng, from the Han, Wei has been only temporary. "" Northern History "that said:" Individuality counties are home world, Dr. Raymond Yan. "So he played on the revival of Chinese civilization to the great role ... ...
Zhou's] law both cruel and chaotic, "the terrorist inside and outside, people do not own security." Yang Jian Zhou regime in the master had been on the reform, will personally delete the "punishment book to the system," but not quite. After the founding of the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen ordered the first year of life to open Emperor Gao Wei, □, and others refer to the old law, the formulation "open imperial law." Queen to open three years, Emperor Wen has ordered Solvay, Niuhong modify the new law, remove the harshness of the provisions. "Open imperial law" to the original castration (destruction of the genitals), tying a (Wumafenshi), owl's first (cut head hanging in the flag for public display) and other harsh criminal law be repealed. Provides Yigai not genocide criminal. Minus a capital 81, 154 current crime, only, sticks and other crimes more than a thousand articles, retains the legal code 500. Death penalty into the flow, thereby, stick, bamboo cane is five. Basically completed the reform since the Han Wen criminal penal system since the reform process, which is five chief forms of feudal system. "Reading Chronicle on the" Comments such praise: "The old shall no longer use corporal punishment, Science of jen. However, the penalty Han, whom the system more, so Five Barbarians been eating beasts, who have to do as one pleases their anger miserable. As Robert W., Yuwen, Gao of the world, will be the death penalty to five: Yue-Qing, twisted, cut, Owl, hall, another porter of punish Yan, both Qi and Chinese law are also adventitious. Administrative Law for the Sui Dynasty, the death penalty system 2: said, twisting, said, chopping, whip the rod change, change for the bamboo cane rod, non-ethnic rebellion took an unusual move without punishment, weeping For this, the contractor users, the system also are political. "Fu Zou death penalty system is to open Emperor 10 five years of the formation of custom, Emperor Wen requires that all death penalty cases, subject to the "three outs" in order to execute the death penalty. "Book of Sui Dynasty": "(to open Emperor) 10 five-year, a capital offense who played and never three." Emperor Wen also issued an edict: "There is a capital offense, states were not will never, repeat rule engraved in marble." "Open imperial law "far-reaching impact on later law, the revised law Yang Jian Tang are basically a continuation of
】 【Poetry
Chronology】 【Yang Jian
AD 581, Yang Jian Zhou emperor on behalf of the establishment of the Sui Dynasty.
AD 585, the Sui promulgated a new household registration system,
AD 597, Yang Jian Ping Ting Li Xian rebellion.
AD 604, Yang Jian died.
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