huáng dì 

xìng：	yī qí
míng：	shí nián
wǎngbǐhào：	liè shān shì
kāiduān zhōngjié zàiwèi 

　　xìng： yī qí， hòu gǎi xìng jiāng
　　 shì： liè shān shì
　　 míng： shí nián
　　 yán dì dàn chén： nóng lì sì yuè 'èr shí liù rì
　　
　　 shēng píng jiǎn jiè
　　 yán dì , chuán shuō shàng gǔ shí qī jiāng xìng bù luò de shǒu lǐng， yòu chēng chì dì、 liè shān shì， yī shuō jí shén nóng shì ( huò shén nóng shì de zǐ sūn )。 xiāng chuán qí mǔ míng nǚ dēng， yī rì yóu huá yáng， bèi shén lóng rào shēn， gǎn yìng 'ér yùn， shēng xià yán dì 。 chuán shuō yán dì rén shēn niú shǒu， tóu shàng yòu jiǎo。 yán dì shēng yú liè shān shí shì， cháng yú jiāng shuǐ， yòu shèng dé， yǐ huǒ dé wáng， gù hào yán dì 。 yán dì shǎo 'ér cōng yíng， sān tiān néng shuō huà， wǔ tiān néng zǒu lù， sān nián zhī jià sè zhī shì。 tā yī shēng wéi bǎi xìng bàn liǎo xǔ duō hǎo shì： jiào bǎi xìng gēng zuò， bǎi xìng dé yǐ fēng shí zú yī； wéi liǎo ràng bǎi xìng bù shòu bìng jí zhī kǔ， tā cháng biàn liǎo gè zhǒng yào cái， yǐ zhì zì jǐ yī rì zhōng qī shí cì dú。 tā yòu zuò lè qì， ràng bǎi xìng dǒng dé lǐ yí， wéi hòu shì suǒ chēng dào。 qí zú rén zuì chū de huó dòng dì yù zài jīn shǎn xī de nán bù， hòu lái yán huáng hé xiàng dōng fā zhǎn， yǔ huáng dì fā shēng chōng tū。 zài bǎn quán zhī zhàn zhōng， yán dì bèi huáng dì zhàn bài， yán dì bù luò yǔ huáng dì bù luò hé bìng， zǔ chéng huá xià zú， suǒ yǐ jīn rì zhōng guó rén zì chēng wéi 「 yán huáng hòu dài 」。 mù qián shǐ xué jiè tóng shí zhī chí lìng yī zhǒng shuō fǎ， jí huáng dì huó dòng yú huáng hé xià yóu， tài shān xī cè， yán dì huó dòng yú huáng hé xià yóu， tài shān dōng cè， liǎng bù luò wèile zhēng duó tǒng zhì quán， zài bǎn quán yě jí zhuō lù（ liǎng zhě jiē wèi yú jīn hé běi shěng zhāng jiā kǒu shì zhuō lù xiàn jìng nèi） jué zhàn， huáng dì zhàn shèng bìng liú fàng yán dì yú nán fāng（ hòu zhào huí）， kāi chuàng liǎo huá xià yī tǒng de jú miàn。
　　 yán dì shì wǒ guó shàng gǔ shí dài jiāng xìng bù luò shǒu lǐng， hào liè shān shì huò lì shān shì， wèi yú huáng hé shàng yóu、 wèi hé dì qū。 jù《 shǐ jì》 děng gǔ jí zhuī jì， yán dì xìng “ yī qí ”， míng shí nián。 mǔ wèiyòu jiāo shì nǚ， míng rì nǚ dēng， shì shǎo diǎn zhèng fēi。 shēng yán dì 。 cháng yú jiāng shuǐ， gù yòu ‘ jiāng ’ xìng zhī chēng。 jù《 gāng jiàn》 děng jìzǎi：“ yán dì yǐ huǒ dé dài fú xī zhì tiān xià， qí sú pǔ， zhòng duān què， bù chà zhēng 'ér cái zú， wú zhì lìng 'ér mín cóng， wēi lì 'ér bù shā， fǎ shěng 'ér bù fán， yú shì nán zhì jiāo zhǐ， běi zhì yōu dū， dōng zhì cháng gǔ， xī zhì sān wēi， mò bù cóng qí huà。”《 yuè jué shū》 shuō：“ xī zhě shén nóng zhī zhì tiān xià， wù lì zhī yǐ yǐ， bù wàng qí bào； bù tān tiān xià zhī cái， ér tiān xià gòng fù zhī； bù yǐ qí zhì néng zì guì yú rén， ér tiān xià gòng zūn zhī。”
　　
　　 yán dì de chuán shuō
　　
　　 yán dì xìng jiāng。 xiāng chuán tā niú tóu rén shēn， kě néng shì yǐ niú wéi tú téng de shì zú shǒu lǐng。 zuì chū， zhè gè shì zú huó dòng yú wèi hé liú yù， lìng shuō huó dòng yú sì shuǐ liú yù（ huáng hé
　　 xià yóu）， hòu lái jìn rù huáng hé zhōng yóu， yǔ jiǔ lí zú fā shēng liǎo cháng shí qī de chōng tū。 jiǔ lí zú de shǒu lǐng jiào chī yóu， shòu shēn rén miàn， tóng tóu tiě bó zǐ， tóu shàng yòu jiǎo， ěr shàng shēng máo yìng rú jiàn jǐ， néng chī shā shí， kě néng shì yǐ mǒu zhǒng měng shòu wéi tú téng de shì zú。 tā yòu xiōng dì bā shí yī rén， jí bā shí yī gè shì zú， shì yǒng hàn shàn zhàn de qiáng dà shì zú bù luò。 chī yóu bǎ yán dì qū zhú dào zhuō lù ( jīn hé běi xī běi sāng gān hé liú yù， huò zhě jīn shān dōng tài shān zhōu wéi )。 yán dì xiàng huáng dì qiú yuán， shuāng fāng zài zhuō lù dà zhàn - chǎng。 chī yóu qǐng fēng bó yǔ shī xīng fēng zuò yǔ， zào liǎo dà wù shǐ huáng dì díshì bīng mí shī fāng xiàng， huáng dì qǐng hàn shén nǚ bá， bǎ tiān qì fàng qíng， zào liǎo“ zhǐ nán chē” biàn bié fāng xiàng。 zhè chǎng jī liè zhàn zhēng de jiēguǒ shì chī yóu shī bài， bèi shā sǐ liǎo。 huáng dì qǔ dé liǎo shèng lì， bèi tuī jǔ wéi“ tiān zǐ”。
　　 shǐ xué jiè rì qū zhī chí lìng yī zhǒng shuō fǎ， yán dì tóng huáng dì yī yàng shì yī zhǒng dì wèi， ér yán dì yī xì shì dài jū zhù zài huáng hé xià yóu， hòu qī shén nóng shì bù luò zhí zhǎng yán dì zhī wèi， ér huáng dì zú bù luò， gōng sūn xìng， xīng qǐ yú tài shān xī cè， ér cǐ shí de shén nóng shì bù luò yǐ jīng wú lì zhēng tǎo hào lìng tiān xià， huáng dì kāi shǐ zhēng tǎo zhū hóu， jī xù shí lì， zài bǎn quán yě jí zhú lù（ tài shān zhōu wéi） yǔ yán dì shén nóng shì jué zhàn， yán dì shén nóng shì yī zhàn bèi jī kuì， huáng dì dé yǐ hào lìng tiān xià zhū hóu， liú fàng yán dì shén nóng shì yú nán fāng chǔ dì， ér lìng yòu bù fú cóng huáng dì hào lìng de nán fāng chī yóu bù luò， běn shì yán dì shén nóng de bù shǔ， yáng yán wéi yán dì bào chóu， jiū jí bù zhòng yǔ huáng dì zhàn， shù cì jī bài huáng dì， zuì hòu bèi huáng dì lì yòng jì móu jī bài bìng shā， huáng dì qí hòu yòu xiān hòu píng dìng chī yóu yú bù -- xíng tiān shì pàn luàn， zuì zhōng yī tǒng tiān xià， tóng shí kǎo lǜ dào yán dì zhòng wàng suǒ guī， mín wàng yóu shèng， hòu lái jiāng qí zhào huí fǔ zhèng， hé bìng yán dì shén nóng shì bù luò， hòu chēng yán huáng bù luò ...
　　 lìng yī shuō fǎ shì， yán dì yī xì shì dài jū zhù zài huáng hé xià yóu， hòu qī yán dì yī wèi yóu shén nóng shì zhǎng quán， ér zuì hòu yī dài shén nóng shì yán dì jí shì hào chēng liè shān shì， bǎn quán shì de chī yóu， jiāng xìng（ dōng fāng de dà xìng， duō jù jí zài jīn shān dōng lín zī yī dài， dōng hǎi jiāng shàng jiāng zǐ yá shì qí hòu yì zhī yī）， dāng shí tiān xià hùn luàn， zhū hóu bìng qǐ， shén nóng shì nán yǐ jì xù zhǎng kòng tiān xià， huáng dì jué qǐ， yì yù zhēng duó dì wèi， ér zhī chí chuán tǒng yán dì tǒng zhì de bù luò yǔ zhī chí xīn xīng huáng dì tǒng zhì de bù luò zài bǎn quán（ yě jí zhú lù） jué zhàn， bǎn quán tóng shí yě shì yán dì zuì hòu de gēn jù dì， zuì hòu yī dài shén nóng shì yán dì chī yóu zuò zhàn yīng yǒng， suī rán cǐ qián yán dì xì zài chī yóu dài lǐng xià lǚ zhàn lǚ shèng， dàn zuì zhōng bèi huáng dì jī kuì yú tài shān zhōu wéi， zhè shì yuǎn gǔ lì shǐ shàng shǎo yòu de jī liè de dà zhàn， chī yóu hòu lái bèi rén men fèng wéi zhàn shén， měi zhàn bì jì， yě shì zhōng guó rén wán qiáng jīng shén de xiàng zhēng ... qí hòu huáng dì shùn shì fēngshàn tài shān， dìng dū qū fù， jiàn lì liǎo tǒng yī de huá xià gé jú ...
　　 chuán shuō wéi yuǎn gǔ shí qī bù luò shǒu lǐng， yǔ huáng dì tóng wéi zhōng huá mín zú shǐ zǔ。《 guó yǔ . jìn yǔ》 zài：“ xī shǎo diǎn shì qǔ yú yòu chóng qiáo shì， shēng huáng dì、 yán dì 。 huáng dì yǐ jī shuǐ chéng， yán dì yǐ jiāng shuǐ chéng”。 sòng dài《 lù shǐ . guó míng》 zài：“ yán dì hòu， jiāng xìng guó， jīn bǎo jī yòu jiāng shì chéng， nán yòu jiāng shuǐ”。 yán dì chuán shuō zài bǎo jī mín jiān hé guān fāng liú chuán jīng jiǔ bù shuāi。 bǎo jī shì qū hé nán jiāo cháng yáng shān jiàn yòu yán dì cí、 yán dì líng， hǎi nèi wài yán huáng zǐ sūn měi nián qīng míng jié hé nóng lì qī yuè qī jǔ xíng shèng dà jì sì jì niàn huó dòng。
　　 jiāng shì zú wéi xī róng zú ( huò dōng yí zú ) yī zhī， yuán wéi yóu mù mín zú（ huò nóng gēng bù luò）， hěn zǎo qī biàn yóu xī fāng jìn rù zhōng yuán。 ér dāng shí zài jīn shǎn xī yǔ hé nán jiāo jiè chù， jū zhù zhù yǐ chī yóu wéi shǒu de jiǔ lí zú（ yòu shuō dú miáo zú）， shuāng fāng yīn bù luò fā zhǎn 'ér fā shēngzhǎng qī chōng tū， yán dì bù dí 'ér tuì zhì jīn hé běi shěng yī dài。 jù shuō yīn“ yán dì yù qīn líng zhū hóu”， hòu yòu yǔ xuān yuán shì zú jī xìng zhī huáng dì jìn xíng sān cì jī liè de zhàn yì， cǐ cì bèi rèn wéi shì huá xià mín zú dì yīcháng dà guī mó de zhàn zhēng， chēng wéi bǎn quán zhī zhàn（ bǎn quán， jīn jīng jiāo yán qìng jìng nèi de bǎn quán cūn）。 miàn duì zhe tǒng lǐng xióng、 pí、 pí、 xiū、 chū、 hǔ wéi tú téng bù luò de qiáng dà duì shǒu， yán dì zhōng gào bù dí， yǔ zhī jié méng bìng guī shùn zhī， huáng dì yǐ shèng lì de zī tài jié shù liǎo zhè chǎng zhàn zhēng。
　　 yán huáng lián méng bù duàn kuò zhǎn， guī shùn zhī bù luò yuè lái yuè duō， dàn chī yóu shǐ zhōng bù fú， dà zhàn yīcháng zài suǒ nán miǎn。 chī yóu dài lǐng zhù jiǔ lí， yǔ lián méng dà zhàn yú zhuō lù（ jīn hé běi shěng zhuō lù cūn）， shì wéi chuán shuō shí dài de dì 'èr chǎng zhàn zhēng， chēng wéi zhuō lù zhī zhàn， suǒ wèi zhuō lù zhōng yuán， yuán chū yú cǐ。 zuì hòu chī yóu bèi dǎ bài。 cóng cǐ jiāng shì zú biàn yǔ huáng dì zài zhōng yuán 'ān dìng xià lái liǎo。“ yán huáng zǐ sūn” yī cí， zé wéi rén men duì zhōng huá wén míng de shǐ zǔ yán dì hé huáng dì de zhuī sù hé zūn fèng。
　　 yán dì yě shì yī gè bù luò lián méng，《 lù shǐ》 shuō ７ ０ shì（ yī shuō １７ shì） ér yòu tiān xià，《 chūn qiū mìng lì xù》 shuō yī gòng chuán ８ shì， ５ ２０ nián， huò５２２ nián， huò《 yì wěi jī lǎn tú》 de５ ４０ nián， ér８ shì de míng zì zài yóu shén nóng kāi shǐ zài《 shān hǎi jīng》、《 dì wáng shì jì》、《 lù shǐ》 bù yī zhì， yī bān rèn wéi zuì hòu１ shì míng zì shì cān lú， jí dì yú wǎng， shànwèi huáng dì hòu bèi fēng dào lù， cān lú zhī hòu jiào“ lù zǐ yīng 'ér”。 zhè lǐ zài chūn qiū shí dài shì chì dí lù zǐ guó。 wǔ wáng fēng shén nóng zhī hòu yú jiāo。 zài yuè nán 15 shì jì《 lǐng nán zhí guài》 zhōng de《 hóng páng chuán》， hé guān fāng shǐ shū《 dà yuè shǐ jì quán shū ‧ wài jì juàn yī》 jìzǎi , shén nóng de sān shì sūn dì míng nán yóu zhì wú lǐng， yù jiàn yī wèi xiān nǚ， shēng zǐ míng lù xù， fēng wéi jīng yáng wáng， yǐ zhì nán fāng， guó hào chì guǐ guó（ bāo kuò xiàn zài de yuè nán）。 jīng yáng wáng hé dòng tíng jūn de nǚ 'ér shēng zǐ míng chóng lǎn， fēng wéi háo lóng jūn， jiù shì bǎi yuè de shǐ zǔ , shǐ chēng 'ōu háo guó， jí yuè nán shǐ shàng zuì zǎo de cháo dài hóng páng cháo。
　　
　　 yán dì shén nóng shì
　　 shén nóng shì hé yán dì dào dǐ shénme guān xì？ liǎng zhě shì fǒu wéi tóng yī rén ní？ guān yú yán dì hé shén nóng shì de guān xì wèn tí， xué shù jiè cháng qī yǐ lái xíng chéng liǎo guān diǎn jié rán xiāng fǎn de liǎng pài： yī pài rèn wéi yán dì jiù shì shén nóng shì。 zhè yī pài de guān diǎn xiàn zài zhàn shàng fēng， suàn shì zhù liú pài， bǐ rú hú nán de yán dì líng jì niàn guǎn jiù shì bǎ yán dì zuò wéi shén nóng lái jì sì de， suǒ yǐ jì niàn guǎn nèi jiù yòu yán dì cháng bǎi cǎo de zhù tí。 ér lìng yī pài zé rèn wéi yán dì hé shén nóng shì liǎng gè xì tǒng de rén， chě bù shàng guān xì， yīn cǐ bù kě néng shì tóng yī rén。
　　 gǔ dài shǐ shū guān yú shén nóng shì de shì dài jìzǎi shì zhè yàng de： shén nóng shì tǒng zhì jīng lì liǎo qī shí gè shì dài，（ yī shuō shí qī gè shì dài） dào huáng dì bù luò jué qǐ de shí hòu cái shuāi luò xià qù liǎo。 zhè lǐ yòu yī gè wèn tí qián miàn wàng liǎo shuō míng de xū yào shuō míng yī xià， jí shén nóng shì yǐ qián bāo kuò shén nóng shì de shí dài， xiàng fú xī， nǚ wā， shén nóng zhè yàng de chēng hū nǎi shì duì yú mǒu gè bù luò huò zhě bù luò de ruò gān dài shǒu lǐng de tǒng chēng， ér bù shì duì wéi yī yī gè jūn zhù de chēng hū。 dàn shì hòu shì de xué zhě men wǎng wǎng chǎn shēng qí jiàn， bǐ rú guān yú gǔ shǔ guó de lì shǐ jìzǎi zhōng， hěn duō réndōu rèn wéi cán cóng hé yú fú shì gǔ shǔ guó de liǎng dài jūn wáng， dàn shì shí jì shàng cán cóng hé yú fú nǎi shì liǎng gè fēn bié cháng dá shù bǎi nián de gǔ shǔ guó wáng cháo， měi gè wáng cháo dōuyòu shí jǐ gè shì dài。（《 shǐ jì . wǔ dì běn jì》 zhōng yě tí dào： huáng dì jué qǐ de shí hòu， qià hǎo“ shén nóng shì shuāi”， huáng dì yǔ yán dì zhàn yú bǎn quán zhī yě。 qǐng zhù yì zhè gè“ shì” zì。） zhè jiù shì wèishénme fú xī， nǚ wā， shén nóng de tǒng zhì wǎng wǎng gāo dá shù bǎi nián nǎi zhì shù qiān nián de yuán yīn。 àn zhào yī shì sān shí nián jì suàn， nà me shén nóng shì tǒng zhì de shí qī dà yuē wéi liǎng qiān nián（ rú guǒ shì shí qī gè shì dài zé dà yuē shì wǔ bǎi nián） huáng dì de shí dài， zài jù jīn dà yuē wǔ qiān nián yǐ qián， yǐ cǐ shàng tuī liǎng qiān nián， dà yuē jiù kě yǐ tuī duàn chū shén nóng shì tǒng zhì kāi shǐ yú jù jīn dà yuē qī qiān nián yǐ qián。
　　 dàn shì， guān yú yán dì de jìzǎi zé míng xiǎn hé shén nóng shì duì bù shàng hào。 hé shén nóng bù tóng， guān yú yán dì de chēng hào shì duì mǒu yī gè rén hái shì duì ruò gān shì dài de bù luò shǒu lǐng de chēng hū zhè yī diǎn shì cún zài zhēng lùn de。 yòu yī zhǒng shuō fǎ rèn wéi， yán dì jīng lì liǎo bā gè shì dài。 dì yī shì yán dì jiào shén nóng， tā de shí dài bǐ huáng dì de shí dài dà yuē zǎo jǐ bǎi nián。 ér hé huáng dì tóng yī gè shí dài de yán dì shì dì bā shì yán dì ， tā jiào yú wǎng。 zhè zhǒng shuō fǎ， jiù bǎ yán dì hé shén nóng chuàn dào liǎo yī qǐ， jí wú lùn yán dì hái shì shén nóng dōushì tóng yī bù luò shǒu lǐng de chēng hū。 tóng yī bù luò shǒu lǐng yòu bù tóng de chēng hū dǎo bù qí guài， dàn shì wú lùn shén nóng shì shì qī shí gè shì dài hái shì shí qī gè shì dài， xiǎn rán dū hé yán dì de bā gè shì dài duì bù shàng hào。 yīn cǐ， cóng zhè yī diǎn shàng lái shuō， yán dì hé shén nóng wéi tóng yī rén de shuō fǎ zhí dé huái yí。
　　【 zhōng wén míng chēng】 : zhuō lù zhī zhàn
　　【 fā shēng shí jiān】 : huáng dì shí qī（ gōng yuán qián 26 shì jì）
　　【 fā shēng dì diǎn】 : hé běi shěng zhuō lù xiàn
　　【 shì jiàn jiè shào】： chī yóu gōng dǎ huáng dì hé yán dì lián méng
　　 zhuō lù zhī zhàn
　　 zhuō lù zhī zhàn， zhǐ de shì jù jīn yuē 4600 yú nián qián， huáng dì bù zú lián hé yán dì bù zú， yǔ dōng yí jí tuán zhōng de chī yóu bù zú zài jīn hé běi shěng zhuō xiàn yī dài suǒ jìn xíng de yīcháng dà zhàn。“ zhàn zhēng” de mùdì， shì shuāng fāng wèile zhēng duó shì yú mù fàng hé qiǎn gēng de zhōng yuán dì dài。 tā yě shì wǒ guó lì shǐ shàng jiàn yú jìzǎi de zuì zǎo de“ zhàn zhēng”， duì yú gǔ dài huá xià zú yóu yě mán shí dài xiàng wén míng shí dài de zhuǎn biàn chǎn shēng guò zhòng dà de yǐng xiǎng。
　　 yuán shǐ shè huì zhōng wǎn qī， zhú jiàn xíng chéng liǎo huá xià、 dōng yí、 miáo mán sān dà jí tuán。 qí zhōng huá xià jí tuán yǐ huáng dì、 yán dì liǎng dà bù zú wéi hé xīn。 tā men fēn bié xīng qǐ yú jīn guān zhōng píng yuán、 shān xī xī nán bù hé hé nán xī bù。 jīng róng hé hòu， suì yán zhe huáng hé nán běi 'àn xiàng jīn huá běi dà píng yuán xī bù dì dài fā zhǎn。 yǔ cǐ tóng shí， xīng qǐ yú huáng hé xià yóu de jīn jì、 lǔ、 yù、 sū、 wǎn jiāo jiè dì qū de jiǔ yí bù luò（ dōng yí jí tuán de yī zhī）， yě zài qí zhù míng lǐng xiù chī yóu de lǐng dǎo xià， yǐ jīn shān dōng wéi gēn jù dì， yóu dōng xiàng xī fāng xiàng fā zhǎn， kāi shǐ jìn rù huá běi dà píng yuán。 zhè yàng huá xià jí tuán yǔ dōng yí jí tuán zhī jiān de yīcháng wǔ zhuāng chōng tū yě jiù bù kě bì miǎn liǎo。 zhuō lù zhī zhàn zhèng shì zài zhè zhǒng lì shǐ bèi jǐng xià bào fā de。
　　 jù shuō chī yóu zú shàn yú zhì zuò bīng qì， qí tóng zhì bīng qì jīng liáng jiān lì， qiě bù zhòng yǒng měng piāo hàn， shēng xìng shàn zhàn， shàn cháng jiǎo dǐ， jìn rù huá běi dì qū hòu， shǒu xiān yǔ yán dì bù zú fā shēng liǎo zhèng miàn chōng tū。 chī yóu zú lián hé jù rén kuā fù bù zú hé sān miáo yī bù， yòng wǔ lì jī bài liǎo yán dì zú， bìng jìn 'ér zhàn jù liǎo yán dì zú jū zhù de“ jiǔ yú”， jí“ jiǔ zhōu”。 yán dì zú wèile wéi chí shēng cún， suì xiàng tóng jí tuán de huáng dì zú qiú yuán。
　　 huáng dì zú wèile wéi hù huá xià jí tuán de zhěng tǐ lì yì， jiù dāyìng yán dì zú de qǐng qiú， jiāng shì lì tuī xiàng dōng fāng。 zhè yàng， biàn tóng zhèng chéng shì xiàng xī běi tuī jìn de chī yóu zú zài zhuō lù dì qū xiāng zāo yù liǎo。 dāng shí chī yóu zú jí jié liǎo suǒ shǔ de 81 gè zhī zú（ yī shuō 72 zú）， zài lì liàng shàng zhàn jù mǒu zhǒng yōu shì， suǒ yǐ， shuāng fāng jiē chù hòu， chī yóu zú biàn yǐ zhàng rén duō shì zhòng、 wǔ qì yōu liáng děng tiáo jiàn， zhù dòng xiàng huáng dì zú fā qǐ gōng jī。 huáng dì zú zé shuài lǐng yǐ xióng、 pí、 láng、 bào、 diāo、 lóng、 xiāo děng wéi tú téng de shì zú， yíng zhàn chī yóu zú， bìng ràng“ yìng lóng gāo shuǐ”， jí lì yòng wèi chù shàng liú de tiáo jiàn， zài hé liú shàng zhù tǔ bà xù shuǐ， yǐ zǔ dǎng chī yóu zú de jìn gōng。
　　“ zhàn zhēng” bào fā hòu， shì féng nóng wù hé dà fēng bào yǔ tiān qì， zhè hěn shì hé lái zì dōng fāng duō yǔ huán jìng de chī yóu zú zhǎn kāi jūn shì xíng dòng。 suǒ yǐ zài chū zhàn jiē duàn， shì hé yú qíng tiān qì huán jìng zuò zhàn de huáng dì zú chǔjìng bìng bù yòu lì， céng jīng jiǔ zhàn 'ér jiǔ bài（ jiǔ shì xū shù， xíng róng cì shù zhī duō）。 rán 'ér， bù duō jiǔ， yǔ jì guò qù， tiān qì fàng qíng， zhè jiù gěi huáng dì zú zhuǎn bài wéi shèng tí gōng liǎo zhòng yào qì jī。 huáng dì zú bǎ wò zhàn jī， zài xuán nǚ zú de zhī yuán xià， chéng shì xiàng chī yóu zú fā dòng fǎn jī。 qí lì yòng tè shū yòu lì de tiān hòu héng héng kuáng fēng dà zuò， chén shā màn tiān， chuī hào jiǎo， jī pí gǔ， chéng chī yóu zú bù zhòng mí luàn、 zhèn shè zhī jì， yǐ zhǐ nán chē zhǐ shì fāng xiàng， qū zhòng xiàng chī yóu zú jìn gōng， zhōng yú yī jǔ jī bài dí rén， bìng zài jì zhōu zhī yě（ jí jì zhōu， jīn hé běi dì qū） qín shā qí shǒu lǐng chī yóu。 zhuō lù zhī zhàn jiù zhè yàng yǐ huáng dì zú de shèng lì 'ér xuān gào jié shù。 zhàn hòu， huáng dì zú chéng shèng dōng jìn， yī zhí jìn dǐ tài shān fù jìn， zài nà lǐ jǔ xíng“ fēng tài shān” yí shì hòu fāng cái kǎi xuán xī guī。 tóng shí“ mìng shǎo hào qīng zhèng sī mǎ niǎo shī”， jí zài dōng yí jí tuán zhòngxuǎn zé yī wèi néng fù zhòng de shì zú shǒu cháng míng jiào shǎo hào qīng de jì xù tǒng lǐng jiǔ yí bù zhòng， bìng qiǎngpò dōng yí jí tuán tóng zì jǐ huá xià jí tuán hù jié wéi tóng méng。
　　 zhuō lù zhī zhàn de jiēguǒ， yòu lì dì diàn dìng liǎo huá xià jí tuán jù yòu guǎng dà zhōng yuán dì qū de jī chǔ， bìng qǐ dào liǎo jìn yī bù róng hé gè shì zú bù luò de cuī huà zuò yòng。 qǔ dé zhè chǎng zhàn zhēng shèng lì de bù zú shǒu lǐng huáng dì cóng cǐ chéng wéi zhōng huá mín zú de gòng tóng zǔ xiān， bìng bèi zhú bù shén huà。 zhuō lù zhī zhàn wèiwǒ men zhōng huá mín zú zài fā rèn shí qī jué dìng rì hòu jī běn miàn mào de lì shǐ xìng“ zhàn zhēng”。
　　【 zhōng wén míng chēng】 : bǎn quán zhī zhàn
　　【 fā shēng shí jiān】 : huáng dì shí qī（ gōng yuán qián 26 shì jì）
　　【 fā shēng dì diǎn】 : bǎn quán（ jīn hé běi shěng zhuō lù xiàn dōng， héng shuō jīn shān xī yùn chéng jiě chí fù jìn）
　　【 shì jiàn jiè shào】 bǎn quán zhī zhàn
　　 bǎn quán zhī zhàn
　　 shí qī ( yuē gōng yuán qián 26 shì jì )， zài huáng dì zhēng fú zhōng yuán gè zú zhī zhàn zhōng， huáng dì yǔ yán dì liǎng bù luò lián méng zài bǎn quán ( jīn hé běi zhuō lù dōng nán， héng shuō jīn shān xī yùn chéng jiě chí fù jìn ) de yī cì jiāo zhàn。
　　 shén nóng shì hòu， zhōng yuán chū xiàn liǎng dà bù luò lián méng。 qí shǒu lǐng fēn bié wéi yán dì hé huáng dì， jù chuán jiē shǎo diǎn shì hòu yì。 yán dì cháng yú jiāng shuǐ ( wèi shuǐ zhī liú， jīn shǎn xī qí shān dōng )， yǐ jiāng wéi xìng。 qí zú yán huáng hé liú yù xiàng dōng fā zhǎn jìn rù zhōng yuán， chéng wéi huáng hé zhōng yóu dì qū de qiáng dà bù luò lián méng。 huáng dì cháng yú jī shuǐ ( jí qí shuǐ， jīn shǎn xī jìng， yì yòu tā shuō )， yǐ jī wéi xìng， dōng jìn zhōng yuán hòu， jū： yú xuān yuán zhī qiū ( jīn hé nán xīn zhèng xī； bǐ )， chēng xuān yuán shì ( yòu chēng jìn yún shì、 dì hóng shì、 yòu xióng shì )。 qí zú xíng chéng bāo kuò jī xìng 12 bù luò de bù luò lián méng。 huáng dì jīng cháng jìn gōng fù jìn yòu kěn guī fù de bù luò， shì lì bù duàn kuò dà。 yán dì yě zài bù duàn kuò dà zì jǐ shì lì， liǎng dà lián méng zhōng yú bào fā chōng tū。 huáng dì shuài lǐng yǐ xióng、 pí、 pí、 xiū、 hǔ、 diāo、 xiē、 yīng、 yuān děng wéi tú téng de gè bù luò， zài bǎn quán zhī yě yǔ yán dì gè bù luò jiāo zhàn。 jīng sān cì jī liè zhàn dǒu， huáng dì bù luò lián méng zhōng yú huò shèng， chū bù jiàn lì liǎo huáng dì duì zhōng yuán dì qū de lǐng dǎo dì wèi。
　　 huá xià xíng chéng
　　 huá xià shì gǔ dài zhōng guó zhōng yuán dì qū gè zú de hé chēng， yì zuò“ zhū xià”。 jù bù fēn shǐ xué jiā de yán jiū， zhōng guó gǔ dài de bù zú kě fēn wéi huá xià jí tuán、 dōng yí jí tuán hé miáo mán jí tuán。 tā men jīng guò cháng qī de jiāo wǎng yǔ róng hé， dào chūn qiū shí qī jī běn tóng huà， chéng wéi qín hàn jiān suǒ wèi“ zhōng guó rén” de sān gè zhù yào lái yuán。
　　 huá xià jí tuán yǐ yán dì zú hé huáng dì zú wéi zhù tǐ。 liǎng zú zuì chū jū zhù zài shǎn xī， hòu lái gè zì zhú jiàn dōng qiān。 huáng dì zú shùn běi luò shuǐ nán xià， yòu dōng dù huáng hé， yán zhōng tiáo shān、 tài xíng shān xiàng dōng běi fā zhǎn， xíng chéng jìn nán de huáng hé yī dài xǔ duō jī xìng guó， rú yú、 yáng、 hán、 wèi děng。 yán dì zú yě yòu yī bù fēn shùn wèi shuǐ dōng xià， yán huáng hé nán 'àn xiàng dōng fā zhǎn， xíng chéng jiāng xìng guó jiā， rú shēn、 lǚ、 qí、 xǔ děng。 tā men zài dōng jìn guò chéng zhōng， bù duàn kuò dà zì jǐ de shì lì。
　　 bǎn quán zhī zhàn shì huáng dì yǔ yán dì zhī jiān wéi zhēng duó bù luò lián méng shǒu lǐng 'ér jìn xíng de zhàn zhēng， yán dì zú zhàn bài， bìng rù huáng dì zú， huá xià zhú jiàn xíng chéng。 qí hòu huáng dì zài zhuō lù zhī zhàn zhōng dǎ bài liǎo dōng yí jí tuán de jiǔ lí zú shǒu lǐng chī yóu， shì lì kuò dà zhì jīn rì de shān dōng jìng nèi， huá xià jí tuán dé yǐ kōng qián kuò zhǎn。 jù zài yú、 xià、 shāng、 zhōu dōushì huáng dì de hòu yì， jīng guò jǐ qiān nián de lì shǐ fā zhǎn guò chéng， huá xià zài zhōng guó lì shǐ zhōng de dì wèi biàn zhú jiàn què lì liǎo .
　　 shén nóng shì shì yán dì má？
　　 jì fú xī yǐ hòu， shén nóng shì shì yòu yī gè duì zhōng huá mín zú pō duō gòng xiàn de chuán shuō rén wù。 chú liǎo fā míng nóng gēng jì shù wài， hái fā míng liǎo yī shù， zhì dìng liǎo lì fǎ， kāi chuàng jiǔ jǐng xiāng lián de shuǐ lì guàn gài jì shù děng。 yīn wéi tā fā míng nóng gēng jì shù 'ér hào shén nóng shì， kě shì tā yòu chēng yán dì 、 chì dì、 liè（ lì） shān shì， zé yòu chéng liǎo yǔ huáng dì xiāng zhēng tiān xià de shǒu lǐng。 cháng qī yǐ lái， duì yú shén nóng shì shì fǒu jí yán dì zhè gè wèn tí， yī zhí xuán 'ér nán jué。
　　《 bái hǔ tōng yì · hào》 shuō， shén nóng shì néng gòu gēn jù tiān shí zhī yí， fēn dì zhī lì， chuàng zuò liǎo lái zhāo děng nóng jù， jiào mín gēng zuò， shǐ rén mín huò dé hěn dà de hǎo chù， gù hào shén nóng。《 shì běn · dì xì piān》 zé shǒu bǎ yán dì hé shén nóng shì chě zài yī qǐ chēng“ yán dì shén nóng shì”， wèi yán dì jí shén nóng shì， yán dì shēn hào， shén nóng dài hào。 hàn gāo yòu zhù《 huái nán zǐ · shí zé xùn》， tí dào chì dì shí yòu bǎ chì dì yǔ shén nóng shì hé qǐ lái， shuō chì dì jí yán dì ， shǎo diǎn zhī zǐ， hào wéi shén nóng， nán fāng huǒ dé zhī dì。《 zuǒzhuàn》、《 guó yǔ》 hé《 lǐ jì》 céng tí dào liè shān shì néng gòu bō zhí bǎi gǔ bǎi shū。 dōng hàn zhèng xuán zhù《 lǐ jì》 hé sān guó wéi zhāo zhù《 guó yǔ》， dōushuō liè shān shì wéi yán dì 。《 shuǐ jīng zhù》 juàn sān shí 'èr yòu bǎ liè shān shì hé shén nóng shì xiāng bìng， shuō miù shuǐ xī nán jīng guò lì xiāng nán， shuǐ nán yòu zhòng shān， jiù shì liè shān， shān xià yòu yī gè dòng xué， xiāng chuán shì shén nóng shì de dàn shēng chù， suǒ yǐ《 lǐ jì》 chēng shén nóng shì wéi liè shān shì。 ér yòu guān liè（ lì、 liè） shān shì chēng hào de yuán qǐ， yòu yòu 'èr shuō。《 lù shǐ》 rèn wéi， liè shān yuán zì dāng zuò liè shān huò lì shān， yīn shén nóng shì“ zhào jì” yú liè shān， gù yǐ liè shān、 lì shān wéi shì。 liú chéng huái《 zhōng guó shàng gǔ shén huà》 zé rèn wéi yán dì wéi rén shén， fàng huǒ shāo shān hěn měng liè， gù wéi liè shān shì。
　　《 shǐ jì · wǔ dì běn jì》 zé yǐn yù yán dì yǔ shén nóng shì bìng fēi yī rén， shuō huáng dì shí， shén nóng shì de shí dài yǐ jīng shuāi luò， zhū hóu zhī jiān hù xiāng qīn fá， bào nüè bǎi xìng， shén nóng shì bù néng zhēng tǎo， yú shì huáng dì“ xiū dé zhèn bīng”， tǎo fá wēi hài zuì dà de yán dì hé chī yóu， bǎ tā liǎ fá miè hòu wēi wàng dà zhèn， yú shì dài shén nóng shì 'ér yòu tiān xià。 shén nóng shì bù shì zhēng fá， zhè yǔ《 zhuāng yú · dào zhí》 shuō shén nóng shì“ wú yòu xiāng hài zhī xīn”、《 shāng jūn shū · huà cè》 shuō shén nóng“ xíng zhèng bù yòng 'ér zhì， jiá bīng bù qǐ 'ér wáng” xiāng fú hé， zěn me huì biàn chéng yán dì zhè yàng“ qīn fá zhū hóu， bào nüè bǎi xìng” de rén ní？ yīng yǒng shàn zhàn de huáng dì， jìng rán yào yǔ tā“ sān zhàn， rán hòu dé zhì”。 cǐ wài，《 shǐ jì · fēngshàn shū》 fēn liè yán dì hé shén nóng shì wéi 'èr rén， xú xù shēng《 zhōng guó gǔ shǐ de chuán shuō shí dài》 yě zhù zhāng yán dì 、 shén nóng shì wéi 'èr rén。
　　 yóu shàng guān zhī， shén nóng shì hé yán dì shì fǒu jí yī rén， réng wú què jiě。
　　
　　 yán dì de gòng xiàn
　　
　　 yán dì duì zhōng huá mín zú de shēng cún fán yǎn hé fā zhǎn zuò chū liǎo zhòng yào gòng xiàn：
　　 yī、 zhì lěi sì， zhǒng wǔ gǔ， diàn dìng liǎo nóng gōng jī chǔ。 lěi sì de shǐ yòng hé zhǒng wǔ gǔ， jiě jué liǎo mín yǐ shí wéi tiān de dà shì， cù jìn liǎo nóng yè shēng chǎn de fā zhǎn， wéi rén lèi yóu yuán shǐ yóu mù shēng huó xiàng nóng gēng wén míng zhuǎn huà chuàng zào liǎo tiáo jiàn。
　　 èr、 lì shì chán， shǒu bì shì chǎng。 jù《 zhōu yì xì cí xià》 zài , shén nóng " rì zhōng wéi shì， zhì tiān xià zhī mín， jù tiān xià zhī huò， jiāo yì 'ér tuì， gè dé qí suǒ "。 shén nóng fā míng de yǐ rì zhōng wéi shì， yǐ wù yì wù de shì chǎng shì wǒ guó huò bì， shāng yè fā zhǎn de qǐ yuán hé jī shí。
　　 sān、 zhì má wéi bù， mín zhe yī cháng。 yuán shǐ rén běn wú yī cháng， jǐn yǐ shù yè， shòu pí zhē shēn， shén nóng jiào mín má sāng wéi bù bó hòu， rén men cái yòu liǎo yī cháng， zhè shì rén lèi yóu méng mèi shè huì xiàng wén míng shè huì mài chū de zhòng dà yī bù。
　　 sì、 zuò wǔ xián qín， yǐ lè bǎi xìng。 jù《 shì běn xià piān》 zài， shén nóng fā míng liǎo yuèqì， tā xuē tóng wéi qín， jié sī wéi xián， zhè zhǒng qín hòu lái jiào shén nóng qín。 shén nóng qín“ cháng sān chǐ liù cùn liù fēn， shàng yòu wǔ xián： yuē、 gōng、 shāng、 jiǎo、 zhǐ、 yǔ”。 zhè zhǒng qín fā chū de shēng yīn， néng dào tiān dì zhī dé， néng biǎo shén nóng zhī hé， néng shǐ rén men yú lè。
　　 wǔ、 xuē mù wéi gōng， yǐ wēi tiān xià。 shén nóng shǐ chuàng liǎo gōng jiàn， yòu xiào dì fáng zhǐ liǎo yě shòu de xí jī， yòu lì dì dǎ jī liǎo wài lái bù luò de qīn fàn， bǎo wèi liǎo rén men de shēng mìng 'ān quán hé láo dòng chéng guǒ。
　　 liù、 zhì zuò táo qì， gǎi shàn shēng huó。 zài táo qì fā míng qián， rén men jiā gōng chǔlǐ shí wù， zhǐ néng yòng huǒ shāo kǎo， yòu liǎo táo qì， rén men duì shí wù kě yǐ jìn xíng zhēng zhǔ jiā gōng， hái kě yǐ zhù cún wù pǐn， niàng jiǔ， xiāo dú。 táo qì de shǐ yòng， gǎi shàn liǎo rén lèi de shēng huó tiáo jiàn， duì rén lèi de yǐn shí wèi shēng hé yī yào fā zhǎn chǎn shēng liǎo shēn yuǎn de yǐng xiǎng。
　　 wèile cù shǐ rén men yòu guī lǜ dì shēng huó， àn jì jié zāi péi nóng zuò wù， yán dì shén nóng hái lì lì rì， lì xīng chén， fēn zhòu yè， dìng rì yuè， yuè wéi sān shí rì， shí yī yuè wéi dōng zhì。
　　 yán dì guǎn lǐ bù luò， zhì lǐ tiān xià hěn yòu fāng fǎ。 tā bù wàng qí bào， bù tān tiān xià zhī cái， ér tiān xià gòng fù zhī。 zhì guì yú rén， tiān xià gòng zūn zhī。 tā yǐ dé yǐ yì， bù shǎng 'ér mín qín， bù fá 'ér xié zhèng， bù fèn zhēng 'ér cái zú， wú zhì lìng 'ér mín cóng， wēi lì 'ér bù shā， fǎ shěng 'ér bù fán， rén mín wú bù jìng dài。
　　 yán dì hái shì wǒ guó jiào yù de shǐ zǔ。 tā jiào mín shǐ yòng gōng jù， jiào mín bōzhòng wǔ gǔ， jiào mín yī yào， jiào mín zhì táo、 huì huà， jiào mín gōng jiàn、 liè shòu、 jiàn shēn， jiào mín zhì qín、 jiào mín yīnyuè、 wǔ dǎo， hái jiào mín zhì dé。 kě jiàn， yán dì shí qī， dé、 zhì、 tǐ、 měi dé dào liǎo quán miàn zhòng shì hé fā zhǎn。
　　 yán dì duì rén lèi de fā zhǎn zuò chū liǎo jù dà de gòng xiàn。 yán dì jīng shén， shǒu yào de shì chuàng yè jīng shén， fèng xiàn jīng shén， gǎn wéi rén xiān de chuàng zào jīng shén， bǎi zhé bù náo， zì qiáng bù xī de jìn qǔ jīng shén。 yán dì jīng shén shǐ zhōng huá hòu yì zài yǔ zì rán hé shè huì de dǒu zhēng zhōng， bǎi tuō yú mèi hé yě mán， zhuī qiú xiān jìn yǔ wén míng。 zhè zhǒng jīng shén shǐ huá xià mín zú huò dé liǎo gāo dù de tuán jié hé tǒng yī。
　　 zhì yú yán dì de chū shēng dì， zhì jīn méi yòu dìng lùn， shì shí shàng yán dì shì yī gè shén huà liǎo de rén wù， tā dài biǎo de shì yuǎn gǔ rén lèi zài yǔ dà zì rán de dǒu zhēng zhōng gǎi zào zì rán jí tǐ zhì huì de jí zhōng tǐ xiàn。 zài jīn tiān，“ yán dì ” hé“ huáng dì” zuò wéi zhōng huá wǔ qiān nián wén míng de xiàng zhēng bèi zài rù shì jiè wén míng de shǐ cè， zhōng guó rén yě chēng wéi“ yán huáng zǐ sūn”。
　　
　　 shén nóng gù shì xīn jiě
　　 zài shén nóng shì de zhū duō shì jì dāng zhōng， zuì wéi rén men chēng dào hé shú xī de shì zhì lěi sì、 zhǒng wǔ gǔ yī shì， zhè yě zhèng shì shén nóng shì zhī bèi chēng wéi“ shén nóng” de yuán yīn suǒ zài，“ shén nóng” yī cí zhōng de“ nóng” zì jiù wán quán tǐ xiàn liǎo zhè yī wěi dà chuàng jǔ。
　　 nóng yè bāo kuò zhòngzhí、 shōu huò chǔ bèi、 jiā gōng shí yòng sān dà bù zhòu。 zài yuán shǐ nóng yè chū xiàn zhī qián de cǎi jí yú liè shí dài zǎo qī， shōu huò chǔ bèi yǔ shí yòng shì liǎng gè wán quán dú lì de guò chéng， rén men cǎi jí 'ér chǔ bèi de dōng xī bù yī dìng dōushì shí yòng de， rén men shí yòng de dōng xī yě jīng cháng shì xiàn cǎi xiàn chī， bìng bù yī dìng shì xiān qián chǔ bèi de dōng xī， ér qiě rén men chǔ bèi de shí wù yě wǎng wǎng bù shì zhí wù zhǒng zǐ。 bàn suí zhe táo qì de chū xiàn， rén men cái jù bèi liǎo 'ān quán yòu xiào de zhù cáng shǒu duàn， yīn 'ér néng gòu cháng qī chǔ bèi shí wù hé yǐn shuǐ， cóng 'ér bǎ cǎi jí chǔ bèi hé shí yòng liǎng gè dú lì guò chéng jǐn mì dì jié hé zài yī qǐ。 zhǐ yòu zài zhè zhǒng qíng kuàng xià， rén men cái huì xíng chéng dà liàng huò dé zhí wù zhǒng zǐ de xū qiú。 yuán shǐ zhòngzhí yè kāi shǐ yú shǐ yòng hú lú zuò yǐn shuǐ qì jù de fú xī shì shí dài， rén men zuì zǎo zhòngzhí de shì hú lú， zài zhòngzhí hú lú de guò chéng zhōng， rén men jī lěi bǐ jiào fēng fù de zhòngzhí jì shù。 dào liǎo nǚ wā shì shí dài， yě jiù shì táo qì shí dài， zhòngzhí jì shù hé duì zhí wù zhǒng zǐ de xū qiú yī dàn jié hé zài yī qǐ， nóng yè de chū xiàn yě jiù hū zhī yù chū liǎo。 qí shí rén men kāi shǐ zhòngzhí hú lú shí， yě bù yī dìng shì yīn wéi xū qiú 'ér xiǎng dào zhòngzhí hú lú， hěn kě néng shì 'ér tóng chū yú 'àihào hé wán shuǎ kāi shǐ liǎo hú lú de zhòngzhí。 qí yuán yīn yòu sān： yī shì 'ér tóng yòu dà liàng de kòngxián shí jiān zhào gù、 bǎo hù hé guǎn lǐ tā men de“ láo dòng” chéng guǒ； èr shì hú lú zǐ kē lì dà jié bái， shēn shòu rén men xǐ 'ài； sān shì hú lú zǐ kē lì dà 'ér róng yì bōzhòng cāo zuò。 wǒ guó xǔ duō dì fāng mín jiān cún zài zhe jìn shí hú lú zǐ de fēng sú， dà rén men huì yòng“ chī hú lú zǐ huì cháng bāo yá” zhī lèi de huà xià hǔ xiǎo hái zǐ， shuō míng rén men duì hú lú zǐ de zhòng shì hé bǎo hù， yě 'àn shì liǎo hú lú zāi péi lì shǐ de yōu jiǔ。 dāng wǒ men de zǔ xiān bǎ zhòngzhí hú lú zhuànxiàng zhòngzhí cǎo lèi zhí wù huò qǔ shí yòng de zhǒng zǐ shí， yuán shǐ nóng yè jiù dàn shēng liǎo。
　　 chī cǎo zhì bìng bìng fēi rén lèi dú yòu。 xǔ duō dòng wù dōuyòu chī yào zhì bìng de xiàn xiàng， shuō míng zǎo zài rén chéng qí wéi rén zhī qián， rén lèi de zǔ xiān jiù yǐ jīng běn néng dì jī lěi liǎo xǔ duō cǎo yào zhī shí。 yuán shǐ nóng yè xīng qǐ hòu， chū yú xún zhǎo gèng hǎo de nóng zuò wù zhǒng lèi de xū yào， rén men zài cháng shí zhí wù de tóng shí huì gèng jiā zhù yì liǎo jiě zhí wù de tè xìng， bù jǐn zhù yì yòu dú méi dú、 kě chī bù kě chī， gèng huì zhù yì liǎo jiě bù tóng zhí wù zhǒng lèi、 bù tóng bù wèi、 bù tóng qì guān de kǔ là suān tián wèi dào， yǐ jí hán wēn tè xìng děng， cóng 'ér jié hé yuán yòu de cǎo yào zhī shí xíng chéng yī yào gài niàn， kāi shǐ liǎo yī xué tàn suǒ。 yě jiù shì shuō， yī yào gài niàn shì bàn suí zhe yuán shǐ tàn suǒ xùn huà zhí wù wéi nóng zuò wù de guò chéng zhōng xíng chéng de， shì yī zhǒng“ wú yì chā liǔ liǔ chéng yìn” shì de fā míng。 zhè yīnggāi jiù shì shén nóng shì fā míng yī yào de lì shǐ zhēn xiāng。
　　 yào dà liàng zhòngzhí nóng zuò wù， shǒu xiān yào xuǎn zé hé shì de zhí wù zhǒng lèi bìng xùn huà shǐ zhī chéng wéi zuò wù pǐn zhǒng， bǐ rú dào、 shǔ、 jì、 mài、 shū wǔ gǔ； qí cì yào yòu nóng jù， bǐ rú lěi sì； sān shì yào zhǎng wò nóng shí。 zhè xiē dū xū yào cháng qī jì shù jìn bù hé zhī shí jī lěi， jué bù shì yīzhāoyīxī jiù néng zuò dào de， jí shǐ yī gè rén zhōng qí yī shēng yě jué nán zuò dào。 suǒ yǐ shuō， shén nóng shì shì yī gè xiāng dāng màn cháng de shí dài。
　　 zài nóng yè fā zhǎn de zǎo qī， zhù yào jì shù jìn bù biǎo xiàn zài xùn huà yě shēng zhí wù shàng， jīng guò cháng bǎi cǎo hé shì zhǒng， gǔ rén men chū bù què dìng liǎo shì hé zāi péi de jǐ zhǒng zhù yào yě cǎo， yě cǎo zhǒng lèi yīn dì qū 'ér bù tóng， shōu huò de zhǒng zǐ chú yī bù fēn bèi shí yòng wài， rén men huì xuǎn zé bǎo mǎn de zǐ lì liú zuò zhǒng zǐ， zhè qí shí jiù shì duì yě shēng dòng zhí wù de xùn huà guò chéng， shǐ dé zāi péi zhí wù hé yǎng zhí dòng wù yǔ qí yě shēng yuán zhǒng de chā yì yuè lái yuè dà， ér fēn bié chéng wéi nóng zuò wù hé jiā chù。 zhōng guó rén fēi cháng zhòng shì liú zhǒng gōng zuò， zǒng shì qiān fāng bǎi jì dì bǎo hù zuò wù zhǒng zǐ， shèn zhì yòu“ è sǐ bù chī zhǒng zǐ” de shuō fǎ。 zhè yī xí sú gèng jiā yòu lì yú nóng zuò wù pǐn zhǒng de xuǎn yù gōng zuò。 kě yǐ tuī cè， zài shén nóng shì zhōng qī， zhōng guó jiù yǐ jīng jī běn péi yù chū gè zhù yào nóng zuò wù pǐn zhǒng， jí wǔ gǔ。
　　
　　 yán dì líng
　　
　　 yán dì líng wèi yú hú nán shěng zhū zhōu shì yán líng xiàn chéng xī 17 gōng lǐ de lù yuán zhèn jìng nèi。 zhè lǐ mǐ shuǐ huán liú， gǔ shù cān tiān， jǐng sè xiù lì。
　　 guān yú yán dì shén nóng shì 'ān zàng dì de jìzǎi， zuì zǎo jiàn yú jìn dài huáng fǔ mì zhuàn xiě de《 dì wáng shì jì》， yán dì “ zài wèi yī bǎi 'èr shí nián 'ér bēng， zàng cháng shā。” sòng dài luó mì zhuàn《 lù shǐ》 jiù jì shù dé gèng jù tǐ： yán dì “ bēng zàng cháng shā chá xiāng zhī wěi， shì yuē chá líng。” jù dì fāng shǐ《 líng xiàn zhì》 jìzǎi， cǐ dì xī hàn shí yǐ yòu líng， xī hàn mò nián， lùlín、 chì méi jūn xīng， yì rén dān xīn luàn bīng fā jué， suì jiāng líng mù yí wéi píng dì。 táng dài， fó jiào chuán rù， líng qián jiàn yòu fó sì， míng yuē“ táng xīng sì”， rán 'ér líng qián“ shí yòu fèng sì”。
　　 yán dì líng zì sòng tài zǔ qián dé wǔ nián jiàn miào zhī hòu， qì jīn yǐ yòu qiān yú nián lì shǐ， suí zhe lì dài wáng cháo de xīng shuāi gēngtì， yán dì miào yě lì jìn cāng sāng， lǚ jiàn lǚ huǐ， lǚ huǐ lǚ jiàn。
　　 sòng tài zōng tài píng xīng guó nián jiān（ gōng yuán 967 héng 983 nián）， cháo tíng jiāng shì guān lǜ yán dì líng dì pì lù xiǎn， zhōu chē bù biàn， zòu qǐng jiāng yán dì miào qiān zhì chá líng xiàn chéng nán， sòng tài zōng zhào xǔ， jí yí lù yuán bēi yán dì miào yú chá líng xiàn chéng nán wǔ lǐ chù。 cǐ hòu fán 'èr bǎi yú nián， cháo tíng guān fǔ jì sì yán dì shén nóng shì de huó dòng， jūn zài chá líng xiàn chéng nán yán dì cí miào jìn xíng， lù yuán bēi yán dì miào jǐ jìn yān méi。 sòng xiào zōng chún xī shí sān nián ( gōng yuán 1186 nián )， héng zhōu shǒu chén liú qīng zhī jiàn yú yán dì líng méi yòu yán dì miào， fǎn 'ér bǎo liú táng dài de fó sì， yòu diǎn bù lún bù lèi， yú shì zòu qǐng cháo tíng， fèi líng qián táng xīng sì 'ér chóngjiàn yán dì miào。 sòng níng zōng jiā dìng sì nián（ 1211 nián）， xī chá líng jūn zhī kāng lè、 xiá yáng、 cháng píng sān xiāng zhì líng xiàn。 cǐ hòu， yán dì líng suǒ zài dì lù yuán bēi jí shǔ líng xiàn jìng dì， lì shǔ héng zhōu fǔ guǎn xiá。 zhì chún bā nián（ gōng yuán 1248 nián）， hú nán 'ān fǔ shǐ zhī tán zhōu chén zòu qǐng cháo tíng wéi yán dì líng jìn qiáo mù， shè shǒu líng hù， bìng duì yán dì cí miào jìn xíng liǎo yī cì dà de xiū qì。
　　 sòng dài yǐ hòu， yuán dài jìn bǎi nián jiān， cháo tíng zhǐ yòu jì sì yán dì líng de huó dòng， ér wèi yòu zhào xiū yán dì líng miào de jìzǎi。
　　 míng dài， yòu guān yán dì líng miào de xiū qì， shǐ shū jìzǎi pō xiáng。 jiào dà guī mó de xiū qì yòu sān cì： dì yī cì shì hóng wǔ sān nián ( gōng yuán 1370 nián）。 míng tài zǔ zhū yuán zhāng jí wèi hòu， zhào mìng biàn xiū lì dài dì wáng líng qǐn， yóu cǐ yán dì líng miào yě dé dào liǎo yī cì quán miàn xiū qì。 dì 'èr cì shì jiā jìng sān nián（ gōng yuán 1524 nián）， yóu líng xiàn zhī xiàn yì zōng zhōu zhù chí。 zhè cì chóngxiū shì zài yuán miào jiù zhǐ shàng tuò kuān xīng jiàn， jī běn shàng gǎi biàn liǎo jiù miào yuán mào。 dì sān cì shì wàn lì sì shí bā nián（ gōng yuán 1620 nián）。 líng xiàn xiàn lìng pài rén yú lù bàng mù kuǎn， fā qǐ chóngxiū。 xīn miào guī mó suī yīn xún jiù zhì， dàn miào mào dà wéi gǎi guān。
　　 qīng dài duì yán dì líng miào de xiū qì , yòu jù kě chá de yuē yòu 9 cì。 qīng shì zǔ shùn zhì sì nián（ gōng yuán 1647 nián）， nán míng jiànglǐng gài yù shí bù jìn zhù yán líng， tún bīng miào cè， yán dì líng miào cǎn zāo pò huài。 shì hòu， dāng dì guān mín shì shēn jí shí jìn xíng liǎo bǔ qì， dàn yóu yú zhàn zhēng pín réng， zī jīn quē fá， xiū qì wèi néng wán shàn。 kāng xī sān shí wǔ nián（ gōng yuán 1696 nián）， qīng shèng zǔ xuán yè qiǎn tài pú sì shǎo qīng wáng shēn qián lái yán dì líng gào zāi zhì jì。 wáng jiàn líng miào dòng yǔ sǔn huài yán zhòng， rù gào yú cháo， zòu qǐng xiū qì， shèng zǔ zhǔn zòu。 yóu líng xiàn zhī xiàn gōng jiā wèi dū gōng， zhěng xiū yī xīn， dàn shì wèi néng huī fù qián dài guī mó。
　　 yōng zhèng shí yī nián（ gōng yuán 1733 nián）， zhī xiàn zhāng jùn fèng wén dòng yòng guó tǎng， àn qīng wáng cháo gōng bù bān xíng de gǔ dì wáng líng diàn tǒng yī gé shì chóngjiàn， líng miào yě tǒng chēng líng diàn 'ér zhèng qí míng。 zhè cì xiū jiàn diàn dìng liǎo yán dì líng diàn de jī běn xíng zhì， xíng chéng liǎo“ qián sān mén héng héng xíng lǐ tíng héng héng zhèng diàn héng héng líng qǐn” de sì jìn gé jú。 zhěng zuò líng diàn wéi fǎng huáng gōng jiàn zhù， qì shì huī hóng， tǐ xiàn liǎo wǒ guó gǔ dài jiàn zhù de chuán tǒng tè sè。
　　 qīng cháo zuì dà de yī cì xiū fù shì zài dào guāng shí qī nián（ gōng yuán 1837 nián）， yóu zhī xiàn yú chāng huì zhù chí、 dāng dì shì shēn bǎi xìng mù zī juān kuǎn suǒ jìn xíng de yī cì chóngxiū。 chóngxiū gōng chéng zì mèng xià kāi shǐ， nián dǐ jùn gōng， fèi shí 8 gè yuè yòu yú。 zhè cì chóngxiū hòu de yán dì líng diàn， gāo dà kuān chǎng， jīn bì huī huáng， , zhuāng yán sù mù， wèi wéi zhuàng guān， gè fù shǔ jiàn zhù， yǐ shān bàng shuǐ， cuò luò yòu zhì， yǔ zhù diàn xiāng huī xiāng yìng， xíng chéng liǎo yī gè tǒng yī de zhěng tǐ， yě wéi yán líng shān zēng tiān liǎo wú xiàn xiù sè。
　　 mín guó nián jiān， yán dì líng diàn de xiū qì huó dòng， jù yòu guān wén zì jìzǎi yòu 4 cì： dì yī cì shì mín guó sì nián ( gōng yuán 1915 nián ), líng xiàn zhī shì qú xiè juān zī bǎi yuán , lián tóng yán dì líng xiū qì fèi 14 yuán , jiāo rén chóu cuò xiū fù， tǔ mù jiāng xīng， xuán yīn xiāng jūn zhù líng cè， yǐ zhì wú fǎ shī gōng 'ér zuò bà。 dì 'èr cì shì mín guó shí 'èr nián（ 1923 nián）， yīn lián nián bīng huò， líng miào qīng yí zài jí， líng xiàn zhèng fǔ zài cì chéng wén qǐng xiū， hú nán shěng zhèng fǔ bō kuǎn 500 yuán， lìng xiàn cháng 'ōu yáng méi jiū gōng xiū qì。 dì sān cì shì 1936 nián。 líng xiàn xiàn cháng xià lǐ jiàn yú“ yán líng diàn yǔ nián jiǔ shī xiū， duō yǐ sǔn huài” , yú nián chū zǔ jiàn liǎo xiū fù yán líng chóu bèi wěi yuán huì。 dàn shì bàn tú 'ér fèi , xiū fù jìhuà wèi néng shí shī。 dì sì cì shì 1940 nián , dì jiǔ zhàn qū sī lìng zhǎngguān jiān hú nán shěng zhèng fǔ zhù xí xuē yuè zhù chí de yī cì dà xiū。 1940 nián rì jūn fàn xī nán， wéi fáng huàn yú wèi rán， xuē yuè nǐ jiāng shěng zhèng fǔ qiān líng xiàn yán líng shān。 shì nián chūn， bō zhuān kuǎn yú yán líng shān xiū jiàn shěng zhèng fǔ jī guān bàn gōng yòng fáng hé yuán gōng sù shè， xiū zhù liǎo chá líng zhì líng xiàn yán líng shān de jiǎn yì gōng lù， tóng shí duì yán líng diàn yǔ jìn xíng liǎo quán miàn xiū qì。
　　 xīn zhōng guó chéng lì hòu， yán dì líng bèi liè wéi hú nán shěng zhòng diǎn wén wù bǎo hù dān wèi。 1954 nián chú xī zhī yè， yīn xiāng kè jì sì fén xiāng zhú， yǐn rán diàn nèi cǎi qí， bù shèn shī huǒ， zhì shǐ yán dì líng zhèng diàn hé xíng lǐ tíng bèi fén。“ wén huà gé mìng” qī jiān， líng diàn jí qí fù shǔ jiàn zhù yòu zhòng zāo pò huài， chú líng mù wài， quán bù yí wéi píng dì。
　　 yán dì líng diàn bèi fén yǐ hòu， chóngxīn xiū fù yán dì líng diàn yǐ chéng wéi guǎng dà yán huáng zǐ sūn de qiáng liè yuàn wàng。 dǎng de shí yī jiè sān zhōng quán huì yǐ hòu， xiū fù tiáo jiàn rì qū chéng shú。 1986 nián 6 yuè 28 rì， yóu líng xiàn rén mín zhèng fǔ zhù chí， líng diàn xiū fù gōng chéng zhèng shì pò tǔ dòng gōng， dào 1988 nián 10 yuè shèng lì jùn gōng。 chóngxiū hòu de yán dì líng diàn， guī mó jiào qián shāo yòu kuò dà， zhěng gè jiàn zhù zhàn dì miàn jī 3836 píng fāng mǐ。 fēn wéi wǔ jìn： dì yī jìn wéi wǔ mén， dì 'èr jìn wéi xíng lǐ tíng， dì sān jìn wéi zhù diàn， dì sì jìn wéi mù bēi tíng， dì wǔ jìn wéi mù zhǒng。 diàn wài xiū fù liǎo yǒng fēng tái、 tiān shǐ guǎn、 lù yuán tíng děng fù shǔ jiàn zhù。 zhěng gè jiàn zhù jīn bì huī huáng， zhòng yán qiáo jiǎo， qì shì huī hóng， fù yòu mín zú chuán tǒng fēng gé。
　　1986 nián jīng guó wù yuàn pī zhǔn chóngxiū yán dì líng hòu， guó jiā hé shěng、 shì gāo dù zhòng shì yán dì líng jiàn shè， xiān hòu tóu rù zī jīn 1 yì duō yuán， zì 1994 nián qǐ zì jīn , zhū zhōu yán dì líng yǐ jǔ xíng liǎo 8 cì quán qiú huá rén gōng jì yán dì huó dòng , shèn zhì zài xiāng quán guó rén dà dài biǎo hé zài xiāng quán guó zhèng xié wěi yuán men fēn fēn hūyù jiāng yán dì líng gōng jì liè rù guó jiā jí jì sì。
　　
　　 yán dì cí
　　
　　 yán dì cí wèi yú bǎo jī shì wèi bīn qū chāimén xiāng（ shén nóng xiāng） jìng nèi cháng yáng shān shàng。 shì shén nóng yán dì de líng qǐn， wéi yán huáng zǐ sūn bài zǔ jì sì de zhù yào chǎng suǒ。 zhōng huá mín zú
　　 shì yán huáng qīng zhòu， zhōng guó rén shì yán huáng zǐ sūn。 shén nóng shì zú shǐ zǔ yán dì shǐ shēng dì zài jiāng shuǐ， xuān yuán shì zú shǐ zǔ huáng dì shǐ shēng dì zài jī shuǐ， zǎo zài 2700 duō nián qián de chūn qiū shí dài jiù yòu dìng lùn。《 guó yǔ · jìn yǔ》 zhōng jìzǎi：“ huáng dì yǐ jī shuǐ chéng， yán dì yǐ jiāng shuǐ chéng。” jiāng shuǐ zài bǎo jī dì qū， zhè zài 1500 duō nián qián de běi wèi shí dài， zhōng guó gǔ dì lǐ xué jiā píng dào yuán jiù míng què dì xiě rén《 shuǐ jīng zhù》 zhōng。 míng dài tiān shùn wǔ nián《 yī tǒng zhì》 jìzǎi：“ jiāng shuǐ zài bǎo jī xiàn nán。” jí jīn bǎo jī shì qū wèi hé nán jiāng shuǐ biān de jiāng shì chéng。 bǎo jī shì qū wèi hé nán yòu yù shèng jiǔ lóng quán， quán shàng yòu táng jiàn shén nóng cí， cí nán méng yù kǒu yòu cháng yáng shān， cháng yáng shān yòu yán dì líng， jūn zài（ bǎo jī shì） wèi bīn qū yì mén xiāng（ shén nóng xiāng） jìng nèi， dōushì zhòng mín bǎi xìng jì sì xiān zǔ yán dì de chǎng suǒ。 yán dì líng zhù yào yóu lǎn jiàn zhù yòu： shén nóng mén、 yáng jiǎo tíng、 yán dì líng dà mén、 yán dì xíng gōng、 yáng shǒu tíng、“ shén nóng chéng chí”、“ huá xià shǐ zǔ” pái fāng、 jì tán guǎng chǎng、 yán dì dà diàn、 yán dì sù xiàng、 dà xíng cǎi huì、 mù qián shí jiē、 líng mù děng。 bǎo jī mín jiān chūn jié zhēngyuè 11 rì jí huì jiǔ lóng quán jì sì yán dì dàn chén； měi nián 7 yuè 7 rì jí huì tiān tái shān jì diàn yán dì sǐ zàng。 jìn nián lái， hǎi nèi wài tóng bāo duō cì chéng pī lái bǎo jī jiāng shuǐ liú yù jiāng chéng bǎo、 jiǔ lóng quán、 tiān tái shān xún gēn bài zǔ， dàn cí huǐ líng pǐ shī xiū。 zuò wéi shén nóng gù xiāng de yán huáng zǐ sūn héng héng bǎo jī rén shēn gǎn nèi jiù。 wèicǐ wèi bīn qū yì mén xiāng zhèng fǔ xiān hòu yāo qǐng zhuān jiā xué zhě yǔ yán jiū bǎo jī fāng zhì de tóng zhì， jìn xíng shí dì kǎo chá， jié hé shǐ zhì wén xiàn jìzǎi lùn zhèng ． shì zhèng fǔ、 zhèng xié yǐ jí dì chù méng yù gōu kǒu cháng yáng shān xià de bǎo jī qiáo liáng chǎng lǐng dǎo， jué xīn zài shén nóng shì zú shǐ zǔ yán dì de chū shēng、 chuàng yè yǔ sāngzàng zhī chù chóngxiū shén nóng cí hé yán dì líng， wéi yán huáng zǐ sūn bài zǔ yè líng jì diàn xiān zǔ yán dì xiū jiàn chǎng suǒ。 hóng yáng mín zú wén huà， gōng chuí zhōng huá lì shǐ。 yán dì líng huàfēn líng qián qū、 jì zǔ qū、 mù zhǒng sān gè bù fēn。 líng qián qū： jiāng chéng bǎo chù yòu yī gǔ shì zhòng yán pái fāng， shàng shū：“ yán dì gù lǐ” sì zì。 bǎo dōng“ yù shèng jiǔ lóng quán” shàng yòu mù yù diàn hé jiǔ lóng tíng。 qīng jiāng lù běi duàn shí zì lù kǒu yòu zuò shí zhì huá biǎo pái fāng， shàng shū“ shén nóng zhī xiāng” sì zì。 qīng jiāng lù zhōng duàn shí zì lù kǒu yòu yòu yī zuò gǔ shì pái fāng， shàng shū“ rén jié dì líng” sì zì。 bǎo jī qiáo liáng chǎng mén qián tiān tái shān rù kǒu chù de méng yù， zuò dōng miàn xī yòu zuò kuà lù gǔ jiàn zhù“ shén nóng mén” pái fāng。 guò shén nóng mén jīng qiáo liáng chǎng jiā shǔ qū， xiàng nán jí wéi cháng yáng shān yán dì líng， yòu pán shān gōng lù zhí dá líng diàn； lìng yòu zhí dēng líng diàn de shí jiē。 jì sì qū：“ yán dì líng” suǒ zài de cháng yáng shān， jù bǎo jī shì nán yuē 5 gōng lǐ。 jìn rù shān mén， yòu bǎi mǐ tái jiē， yè líng rén kě shí jí dēng líng tái， líng tái chù yòu pái fāng、 shān mén。 mén wài shù lì zhe yī kuài shí bēi， shàng kè“ cháng yáng shān” sān gè dà zì， shì xī 'ān zhù míng shū fǎ jiā wú sān dà de shǒu jì。 cháng yáng shān fēng guāng yí rén， gōu dǐ zhōng nián liú tǎng zhe qīng liè de shān quán xiǎo xī， yě liú tǎng zhe yǒng yuǎn sù shuō bù wán de měi lì chuán shuō， yán dì shén nóng jiù dàn shēng zài zhè kuài měi lì de tǔ dì shàng。 bù rù yán dì miào de dà mén， zuǒ xiāng fáng lǐ zhǎn chū zhe yán dì de shēng píng jí chuán shuō gù shì， yòu xiāng fáng de qiáng bì shàng xuán guà zhe gè jiè rén shì de tí cí。 dōng xī liǎng cè shè yòu zhōng guó nóng yè zhǎn lǎn guǎn hé zhōng yī zhōng yào shǐ zhǎn lǎn guǎn。 xiū jiàn yán dì líng jí jì diàn yán dì huó dòng de shēng dòng chǎng miàn kě yǐ tōng guò diàn shì lù xiāng zhǎn shì zài rén men yǎn qián。 yuàn zǐ de zhèng miàn shì dà diàn， diàn qián shì kě róng nà qiān rén de jì sì guǎng chǎng。 dà diàn miàn 5 jiān， zuǒ yòu liǎng biān de dà hóng zhù zǐ shàng shì xī 'ān zhù míng shū fǎ jiā rú guì shū xiě de duì lián：“ chuàng shǐ dìng yòu rén qiānzǎi qí huáng chóng yán dì ”，“ liú chuán 'ān wú jù bā fāng jià sè niàn shén nóng”。 zhèng miàn mén 'é shàng shì“ yán dì dà diàn” sì gè dà zì。 diàn táng zhèng zhōng yāng shì yán dì de dà xíng sù xiàng， diàn nèi dēng huǒ huī huáng， xiāng huǒ bù duàn， hóng liàng de zhōng shēng yōu yáng yuè 'ěr， huí dàng zhěng gè shān gǔ …… jì zǔ qū nèi hái xiū jiàn jiāng yán shèng mǔ gōng hé shén nóng gé。 xī shān yāo yòu bǎi cǎo táng、 yào wáng dòng jiàn zhù， jì shì yán jiū zhōng yī zhōng yào de chǎng suǒ， yòu kě yǐ wéi qún zhòng kàn bìng。 líng mù qū： chuān guò diàn táng wǎng nán， biàn shì yī tiáo bǐ zhí de tōng wǎng hòu shān dǐng de xiǎo dào。 yán dì líng jiù zài zhè hòu shān dǐng shàng。 rén men pò bù jí dài dì dēng shàng dǒu qiào de、 céng céng xiāng dié de tái jiē， zhí zhì dēng shàng dì 999 gè tái jiē， cái suàn zhōng yú dào dá cháng yáng shān de zhōng fēng dǐng。 zhè shì gè páng dà de yuán xíng líng mù， mù zhǒng zhōu wéi yòng qīng shí qì zhù， mù bēi shàng kè yòu“ yán dì líng” sì zì。 sì zhōu sōng bǎi chéng lín。 mù qián tōng dào liǎng biān wéi lì dài dì wáng sù xiàng， líng jiā hòu wéi sòng yáng yán dì gōng dé de shī cí、 yíng lián hé huì huà zuò pǐn de bēi lín。 líng mù dōng lián tiān tái shān fēng jǐng míng shèng qū， běi gé méng yù hé yǔ zhū gé shān xiāng wàng， nán biān sōng bǎi chéng lín， yuè lín shāo kě yuǎn tiào gāo sǒng rén yún de qín lǐng dà sàn guān， xiàng xī fǔ shì qīng bō gǔn gǔn de jiāng shuǐ， jiāng shuǐ yíng rào jiāng shì chéng běi liú rén wèi hé。 líng mù zhěng tǐ yǐ shān qǔ shì， gǔ jiàn chéng qún， sān miàn líng kōng， gěi rén yǐ xióng wěi、 shén shèng、 sù mù、 gǔ yǎ、 yōu jìng de gǎn jué。“ guó zhī dà shì， zài sì yǔ jiè。”“ gài gǔ shèng zhī gōng dé， wéi dì zuì dà。 gù hòu shì zhī bào xiǎng， wéi dì zuì lóng。” zuò wéi nóng yè、 yī yào hé shì chǎng de chuàng shǐ zhě， yán dì shén nóng shì zài lì dài sì diǎn zhōng， yī zhí jū yú chóng gāo de dì wèi。 hǎi wài qiáo bāo、 gǎng 'ào tóng bāo hé dà lù gè jiè rén shì fēn fēn lái yán dì líng jì zǔ bài yè。 zhè lǐ yòu jiāng zé mín、 lǐ péng、 zhào pǔ chū、 zhōu péi yuán、 zhōu gǔ chéng、 yáng jìng rén、 zhāng 'ài píng、 wáng shǒu dào、 qián wěi cháng、 jiāng huá、 wáng rèn zhòng、 gěng biāo、 zhāng píng huà、 yán jì cí、 xiāo kè、 luó qīng cháng、 qū wǔ děng rén de tí zì、 tí cí， yě yòu shè huì gè jiè rén shì liú xià de mò bǎo。
　　
　　 yán dì xíng gōng
　　
　　 yán dì xíng gōng shì yī chù zhòng yào de yán dì yí cún， wèi yú shān xī shěng gāo píng shì dōng běi 14.5 gōng lǐ de gù guān cūn。
　　 gāi gōng jiàn yú cūn zhōng piān nán， chuàng jiàn nián dài bù xiáng， zhì chí zài míng dài yǐ yòu。 zuò běi miàn nán， dān jìn yuàn。 xiàn yòu zhèng diàn、 wǔ tái、 shèng xián diàn děng。 zhèng diàn sān jiān， jìn shēn liù chuán， qián diàn xuán shān dǐng。 yuàn nèi xiàn cún， míng、 qīng bēi sì tōng。
　　 jù míng chéng huà shí yī nián（ 1475 nián）“ chóngxiū yán dì xíng gōng bēi” jìzǎi：“ shén nóng yán dì xíng gōng pán jī zài gù guān lǐ cūn qián， zhào jī tài gǔ， wú wén kǎo yàn， cí zài huàn mǎ cūn dōng nán， xiàn cún fén zhǒng， mù lán rào hù， rán cí yǔ gōng xiāng qù jǐ bǎi yú bù yě。”
　　
　　 yán dì wén huà
　　
　　 yán dì wén huà shì chuán chéng jǐ qiān nián de zhōng huá mín zú wén huà zhī yuán， shì níng jù quán shì jiè yán huáng zǐ sūn de mín zú zhī hún， gèng shì jī lì huá xià 'ér nǚ bù qū bù náo、 wán qiáng pīn bó、 chuàng xīn fèng xiàn de jīng shén zhī guāng。
　　 wǒ men zhōng huá mín zú lì shǐ yōu jiǔ， yuán yuǎn liú cháng。 yán dì shén nóng shì yǔ huáng dì xuān yuán shì yǐ gè zì de wěi dà lì shǐ gōng jì， jūn bèi zūn wéi zhōng huá mín zú de rén wén shǐ zǔ， shòu dào pǔ tiān xià yán huáng zǐ sūn de shì dài chóng jìng。
　　 jù《 zhōu yì》、《 guǎn zǐ》 děng xiān qín wén xiàn de yòu guān jìzǎi， yǐ jí cháng jiāng liú yù bāo kuò hú nán duō chù fā jué kǎo zhèng de jù jīn qī qiān zhì jiǔ qiān nián de gǔ wén huà yí cún biǎo míng， yán dì shì zhōng huá nóng gēng wén míng de chuàng shǐ zhě。 xiāng chuán yán dì shǐ zhǒng wǔ gǔ yǐ wéi mín shí， zhì zuò lěi sì yǐ lì gēng yún， biàn cháng bǎi cǎo yǐ yī mín yàng， zhì má wéi bù yǐ yù mín hán， táo yě qì wù yǐ chǔ mín yòng， xuē tóng wéi qín wéi yí mín qíng， rì zhōng wéi shì yǐ lì mín shēng， shàn mù wéi shǐ yǐ 'ān mín jū， chóngyǎn bā guà yǐ tàn tiān xiàng， hòu zài nán xún zhōng wèimín zhì bìng cǎi yào， rì yù qī shí dú 'ér bù chuò， zhōng yīn wù cháng duàn cháng cǎo 'ér“ bēng zàng yú cháng shā chá xiāng zhī wěi”， jí jīn hú nán shěng zhū zhōu shì yán líng xiàn de lù yuán bēi。 yán dì gōng zhāo rì yuè， dé zé hòu shì。 tā suǒ kāi chuàng de yuán shǐ nóng gēng wén míng， shǐ xiān mín men gǎi biàn liǎo rú máo yǐn xuè、 yǐ yú liè hé cǎi jí yě guǒ wéi quán bù shēng huó lái yuán de zhuàng tài， kāi shǐ zǒu shàng chuàng zào xìng de shè huì， kě yǐ shuō shì wǒ guó lì shǐ shàng de dì yī cì“ lǜ sè gé mìng”。 tè bié shì shì dài liú chuán de yán dì shuài lǐng zhòng xiān mín 'áo zhàn hóng huāng de jiān kǔ chuàng yè jīng shén， zì qiáng bù xī de kāi tuò chuàng xīn jīng shén， hòu dé zài wù de mín zú tuán jié jīng shén， gèng shì zhōng huá mín zú zì zūn、 zì lì、 zì xìn、 zì qiáng jīng shén chǎn shēng de yuán tóu hé diǎn fàn。
　　 yán dì zài shén nóng shí dài kāi chuàng liǎo fēng fù duō cǎi de yuán shǐ wù zhì wén míng hé jīng shén wén míng， yóu cǐ 'ér xíng chéng de yán dì wén huà yǔ huáng dì wén huà róng hé wéi yán huáng wén huà， shì zhōng huá wén huà de yuán tóu。 yán huáng wén huà bó dà jīng shēn， mián yán bù shuāi， péi yù liǎo yī dài yòu yī dài zhōng huá 'ér nǚ， jī lì zhe yī dài yòu yī dài yán huáng zǐ sūn wéi zhōng huá mín zú de jué qǐ 'ér fèn dǒu bù xī， wèiwǒ guó de shè huì jìn bù hé rén lèi wén míng de fā zhǎn zuò chū liǎo zhuó yuè de gòng xiàn。 hǎi nèi wài yán huáng zǐ sūn dōuyòu zhe duì zì jǐ wěi dà mín zú hé gòng tóng zǔ xiān de rèn tóng gǎn hé zì háo gǎn， yán huáng wén huà yǐ chéng wéi wéi xì hǎi nèi wài yán huáng zǐ sūn 'ài guó qíng jié de jù dà jīng shén lì liàng。
　　2001 nián 10 yuè， zhōng huá yán huáng wén huà yán jiū huì、 yán dì líng jī jīn huì hé zhū zhōu shì rén mín zhèng fǔ zài běi jīng lián hé jǔ bàn liǎo“ yán dì wén huà yǔ 21 shì jì zhōng guó shè huì fā zhǎn” xué shù yán tǎo huì。 dào huì de zhuān jiā、 xué zhě yī zhì rèn wéi， rén lèi wén huà shì yǐng xiǎng hé tuī jìn shè huì jìn bù de zhòng yào lì liàng， wǒ men bì xū gāo jǔ dèng xiǎo píng lǐ lùn wěi dà qí zhì， guàn chè jiāng zé mín tóng zhì“ sān gè dài biǎo” de zhòng yào sī xiǎng， zhuóyǎn yú zài běn shì jì zhōng yè bǎ wǒ guó jiàn shè chéng wéi fù qiáng、 mín zhù、 wén míng de shè huì zhù yì xiàn dài huà guó jiā de hóng wěi mù biāo， jì dà dǎn jiè jiàn hé xī shōu wài guó de yòu yì wén huà chéng guǒ， yòu zhòng shì jì chéng hé fā yáng zhōng huá mín zú de yōu xiù chuán tǒng wén huà， yǐ gòu jiàn yòu zhōng guó tè sè shè huì zhù yì de xiān jìn wén huà。 wèicǐ， wǒ men yào jiā qiáng duì yán dì wén huà de yán jiū， hóng yáng yán dì de chóng gāo jīng shén， yǐ zēng qiáng mín zú níng jù lì hé zhàn dǒu lì， wéi jiā kuài xiàn dài huà jiàn shè hé zǔ guó tǒng yī dà yè de jìn chéng、 shí xiàn zhōng huá mín zú de wěi dà fù xīng 'ér fèn dǒu。
　　 quán guó yòu 3 gè yán dì líng zhēng míngfèn
　　 shuō dào huáng dì de líng mù， jīhū quán qiú huá réndōu zhī dào wèi yú yán 'ān huáng líng xiàn。 ér yǔ qí bìng wéi zhōng huá shǐ zǔ de yán dì líng mù què zhì shǎo yòu sān chù， qiě zài wéi jiū jìng shuí cái shì zhèng zōng zhēng lùn bù xiū。 zhè sān chù fēn bié shì hú nán shěng zhū zhōu yán líng xiàn yán dì líng、 shǎn xī shěng bǎo jī yán dì líng、 shān xī shěng gāo píng shì yán dì líng。
　　 yán líng xiàn de zhī chí zhě rèn wéi duō chù wén xiàn jìzǎi“ dì bēng yú cǐ”“ bēng zàng chá xiāng zhī wěi” de lù yuán bēi， cǐ chù shì yán dì líng zhèng zōng； bǎo jī de zhī chí zhě rèn wéi“ yán dì shēng yú sī cháng yú sī lǎo yú sī”， shì yán dì líng de wéi yī zhèng xuǎn zhī dì； gāo píng xiàn（ xiàn gāo píng shì） zhì jìzǎi de sì hū zhǐ néng shuō míng yán dì céng xún yóu zhì cǐ， duō shǎo yòu xiē míng bù zhèng yán bù shùn， zài zhēng lùn zhōng jīhū wú fǎ yǔ qián liǎng chù kàng zhēng。
　　 huá xià shǐ zǔ yán dì shén nóng de dàn shēng dì héng héng liè shān， zuò luò zài hú běi shěng suí zhōu shì céng dū qū lì shān zhèn jiǔ lóng shān nán lù。 liè shān gāng luán qǐ fú， shù mù cōng lóng， qiào yán yōu gǔ， qīng quán gǔ dòng， gòu chéng yī fú fēng guāng yǐ nǐ、 xióng wěi zhuàng guān de shān shuǐ huà juàn。 liè shān yōng yòu jiǔ lǐng， jiǔ lǐng gǒng chéng liè shān。 jiǔ liè shān lǐng yóu nán xiàng běi yǐ cì wéi： zuàn duàn shān、 gēng yún shān、 bǎi cǎo shān、 wǔ dì shān、 sān huáng shān、 hú lú shān、 dòng tiān shān、 dēng tiān shān、 shòu xīng shān。 tā men yán lóng mài hé yī zì 'ér pái kāi， rú jiǔ lóng pěng shèng， fèng shì zhe shén nóng gù lǐ。
　　 gǔ shén nóng dòng wèi yú jiǔ lóng shān yāo。 wéi míng cháo wàn lì nián jiān suí zhōu zhī zhōu yáng cún yú lì； shén nóng gōng wéi sān jìn sì céng gōng diàn shì jiàn zhù， jí zhōng huá wǔ qiān nián wén huà jīng cuì yú yī gōng。 xiāng chuán yán dì shén nóng biàn cháng bǎi cǎo， wèimín zhì bìng； fā míng nóng jù， jiào rén shǐ yòng； péi yù wǔ gǔ， zhù mín zhòng wēn bǎo。 hòu lái， tā yǔ huáng dì lián hé dǎ bài chī yóu， chéng wéi zhōng huá mín zú de gòng tóng shǐ zǔ， zhōng huá mín zú yīn 'ér yòu chēng yán huáng zǐ sūn。
　　《 hú běi tōng zhì》 zài：“ shén nóng shì qǐ liè shān， wéi liè shān shì， jīn suí lì xiāng shì yě。” liè shān yòu míng lì shān， yīn yòu zuò lì shān shì。 zài yán dì shén nóng liè shān míng shèng qū nèi， jiàn yòu yán dì shén nóng dòng、 yán dì shén nóng bēi、 yán dì shén nóng jì niàn guǎng chǎng、 yán dì shén nóng jì niàn guǎn、 yán dì shén nóng pái fāng děng jì niàn xìng jiàn zhù wù。 jǐng guān yòu jiāng hé xīn cháo、 jiǔ lǐng qíng lán、 yān sì wǎn zhōng、 shān cūn xī zhào、 gǔ dòng qīng xuě、 duàn yán suō wù、 lóng fèng qí gān děng， yīn cái jiè jǐng， xiù lì fēi fán。 jǐ qiān nián lái， měi féng yán dì shēng chén jì rì， shì jiè gè dì shù yǐ wàn jì de qún zhòng qián lái liè shān jìng fèng yán dì shén nóng， miǎn huái huá xià shǐ zǔ， liè shān yǐ chéng wéi hǎi nèi wài yán huáng zǐ sūn xún gēn wèn zǔ de shèng dì。
　　 shén nóng dòng wèi yú hú běi shěng suí zhōu lì shān zhèn jiǔ lóng shān nán lù。 shǐ shū jìzǎi“ shén nóng mǔ 'ān dēng， gǎn nóng 'ér shēng yán dì ” yú cǐ。 zài yán dì shén nóng liè shān míng shèng qū nèi， jiàn yòu yán dì shén nóng dòng、 yán dì shén nóng bēi、 yán dì shén nóng jì niàn guǎng chǎng、 yán dì shén nóng jì niàn guǎn、 yán dì shén nóng pái fāng děng jì niàn xìng jiàn zhù wù。 yán dì shén nóng liè shān míng shèng qū， xīng jiàn xiū fù yán dì shén nóng diàn、 liè shān dà zōng cí、 shèng xián diàn、 gōng dé diàn、 shén nóng miào、 ān dēng quán、 bǎi cǎo yuán、 guān tiān tán、 shén nóng jiǔ jǐng děng jǐng diǎn。 jǐng guān yòu jiāng hé xīn cháo、 jiǔ lǐng qíng lán、 yān sì wǎn zhōng、 shān cūn xī zhào、 gǔ dòng qīng xuě、 duàn yán suō wù、 lóng fèng qí gān děng， yīn cái jiè jǐng， xiù lì fēi fán。
　　 chuán shén nóng shì dàn shēng yú cǐ， gù míng。《 hú běi tōng zhì》 zài：“ shén nóng shì qǐ liè shān， wéi liè shān shì， jīn suí lì duō shì yě。” liè shān yòu míng lì shān， yīn yòu zuò lì shān shì。 shén nóng shì wéi chuán shuō zhōng nóng yè hé yī yào de fā míng zhě。 yòng mù zhì zuò lěi、 hào， jiào mín nóng yè shēng chǎn， gěi rén zhì bìng， bá shān shè shuǐ， bù cí xīn kǔ， biàn cháng bǎi yào。 cǐ“ shān gāo yī lǐ， xià yòu yī xué”， jí qí dàn shēng suǒ zài。 xī rì xué kǒu shàng jiàn yòu shén nóng miào， nèi sù qí xiàng， cháng nián sì zhī。 hòu lǚ xiū lǚ huǐ， jǐn cún shén nóng dòng。 dòng kǒu“ fāng yī bù”， dòng nèi kě“ róng shù rén lì”， bì shí níng cāng xiǎn lǜ， jí jù gǔ sè。 shén nóng dòng wài， qí fēng jué hè， cuì píng bì lì， shān huā làn màn， fēng jǐng rú huà。 xiàn yǐ bì wéi lǚ yóu qū。

　　Name: Shi-year
　　Yan Emperor, the legendary leader of ancient tribes during the surname Jiang, also known as Chidi, strong mountain's, one said that Shen Nong (or Shen Nong's descendants). According to legend, women mother board, day trips Huayang was Dragon Rao Shen, induction of pregnancy, gave birth to Yandi. Legend of Emperor Yan's first personal cattle, horned head. Yan was born in strong rocks room, longer than the ginger water, holiness, to fire German king, No. Yan so. Yan few and intelligent, could speak for three days, five days to walk, three things to know with farming. His life for the people to do many good things: to teach the people farming, people can eat enough clothes Feng; to allow people suffering from maladies, he tasted a variety of medicinal herbs, so that their day in the 70 th drug. He also made musical instruments, so that people understand the etiquette, praiseworthy for future generations. The initial activities of its tribe in this region of southern Shaanxi Province, and later development east along the Yellow River, and the Yellow Emperor conflict. Spring in the Battle of Osaka, the Yellow Emperor Yan was defeated, Yandi and Huangdi tribe tribes merged to form the Huaxia, today the Chinese people call themselves "descendants of Yan and Huang." Now supports the other historians claim that the Yellow Emperor of the Yellow River, Taishan west, Yan events in the lower Yellow River, east of Mount Tai, the two tribes to compete for dominance in the spring that is Zhuolu Osaka (both are located in the this Zhuolu County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province) decisive battle, defeat the Yellow Emperor and Yan Emperor in exile in the South (later recalled), creating a situation of Chinese unification.
　　Yan surname Jiang. According to legend, he was head of a cow, probably is a totem of the clan head of cattle. Initially, the clan activity in Weihe River Basin, said other activities at the Surabaya River (Yellow River
　　Yan Huang Union expanding, submission of the tribes more and more, but Chi has always refused to accept an inevitable war. Chi led textual criticism, and the Union war on Argumentation (Argumentation this village in Hebei Province), is the legend of the times for the second war, known as the War, the so-called Zhuolu Central Plains, the source for this. Finally defeated Chi You. From then on it with the Yellow Emperor Kang clan settled down in the Central Plains. "Chinese people" the word, was one of the Chinese civilization started Zu Yandi and Huangdi's back and enshrined.
　　What is the relationship Shennong and Yan in the end? Both are the same people? On the relationship between Yan and Shen Nong, academia has long formed a view diametrically opposed factions: one group that is the Shen Nong Yan. This school's point of view is to prevail, be regarded as mainstream, such as Hunan Yandi Ling Shen Nong memorial is to come as the Yan Emperor worship, so the memorial will have the theme Yan tasted a hundred herbs. The other view holds that the two systems of Emperor Yan and Shen Nong who has nothing to do, it can not be the same person.
　　Ancient historical records on the Shen Nong generation is this: Rustic rule has undergone 70 generations, (some say 17 generations) to the time before the rise of the Yellow Emperor tribes waned. There is a problem in front of forgotten shows the need to state that the era of Shen Nong Shennong previously included, such as Fu Xi, Nu Wa, Shen Nong this title but for a tribe or tribal leaders of several generations of collectively, rather than only call on the monarch. But later scholars tend to produce differences, such as historical records of the ancient Shu State, many people think that is teal silk and fish from two generations of ancient Shu king, but in practice, and Yufu silkworm but from two separate for several hundred years of ancient Shu Kingdom, every dynasty has a dozen generations. ("Historical Records. Wudi," also mentioned: the rise of the Yellow Emperor, when, exactly, "Shen Nong Shi decline," Huang Di and Yan Di Osaka spring in the wild fight. Please note that this "world" word.) This is why V Xi, F Wa, Shen Nong's rule is often as high as several hundred or even thousands of reasons. I, calculated according to three decades, then the reign of Shen Nong about two thousand years (if it is 17 generations is about five years) age of the Yellow Emperor, in about five years ago before this last push two years, about Rustic rule can be inferred began about seven years ago before.
　　【Chinese Name】: the War
　　【Event Description】: Chi Huang Di and Yan Di Union attack
　　"War" broke out, coincides with the fog and high winds heavy rain, it is very suitable for wet environments from the East Chi clan launched military action. So The initial phase of operations for the Yellow Emperor Yu Qing weather is not conducive to family circumstances, had lost nine games and nine (9 is an imaginary number, describe the number of times as much). However, before long, rainy season in the past, the weather cleared, which gives the Yellow Emperor family provides an important opportunity to turn the tables. Huangdi people grasp the fighters, in Xuannv family support, the momentum to launch a counterattack Chi family. The use of special favorable weather conditions - wind comes up, dust storms or blowing horns, hit Pigu, by Chi family Tribes confusion, shock and awe of the occasion, to guide the direction of the car, drive the public to the Chi clan attack, finally beat the enemy, and in the wild Jizhou (ie Jizhou, this Hebei) Qinsha its chief Chi. The War on the way to the victory of the Yellow Emperor family ended. After the war, the Yellow Emperor Family exploit a victory east, has arrived into the vicinity of Mount Tai, where held a "closed Taishan" Seogui triumph only after the ceremony. At the same time, "Bird Sima life less Hao honest teacher", that can Dongyi select a name attached to a small minority of the clan heads of the Qing Hao Jiu Yi Department continued to guide the people, and forced Dongyi each with its own China Group Results for the alliance.
　　【Time】 occurred: the Yellow Emperor period (26th century BC)
　　Battle of Osaka Izumi
　　China formed
　　Osaka Izumi is the Yellow Emperor and Yan Emperor Battle for the battle between the Alliance leaders to conduct tribal wars, the defeat of Emperor Yan family, into the family of the Yellow Emperor, China gradually. Yellow Emperor was defeated in the War of the Dongyi Group 9 leader Li Chi, the force to the territory of today's Shandong Province, China to an unprecedented expansion of the Group. It contains Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou are the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, after thousands of years of historical development, China's position in Chinese history will be gradually established.
　　"Ban Gu number," said Shen Nong should be under the day of, subdivision of the profits, created to strokes and other agricultural implements, Christian farming, so that people get great benefits, so No. Shennong. "Department of the World chapter of the Emperor" is the first to pull together Yan and Shen Nong said "about Yan," Yan said that the Shen Nong, No. Yan body, Shen Nong code. Han Gao You, "book of the time the training," said Chidi Chidi again when combined with the Shen Nong, said Chidi that Yan, the son of a small code, number Shen Nong, southern Germany, the Emperor of the fire. "Zuo Zhuan", the "national language" and "Book of Rites" has been referred to Hill's strong will to sow 100 Valley 100 vegetables. Han Zheng Xuan Note "Book of Rites," and three Wei Zhao Note the "national language", said Hill's strong as the Yan Emperor. "River Systems" Volume 12 and again strongly Hill's Rustic phase and that the wrong water southwest through the Li Xiangnan, water south of hills, is the strong mountain, hill, a cave, are said to Shen Nong birth Department Therefore, "Book of Rites," said Hill's Rustic was strong. And the strong (Li, column) the origin of Hill's title, there are two said. "Road History" that the original word as a column Horeb mountain or Li Shan, as Shennong "Zhao track" in the column mountains, so in order to column mountains, vigorous mountain clan. Liu Cheng Huai "China Myth" is that the man of God Emperor Yan, set fire to the mountain is very violent, and are thus strongly Hill's.
　　Yan's contribution
　　Second, building up the city marketplace, the first provision of the market. According to "The Book of Changes • Xi Ci under the" set, Shen Nong, "Japan and China for the city, resulting in the world of people, gather the world of goods, transactions fall back, get what they want." Shen Nong invented in Japan for the city, a barter market is China's currency, the origin and foundation of business development.
　　5, cut wood for the bow to the world prestige. Shen Nong founded a bow and arrow, to effectively prevent the beast attacks, a powerful blow to the violation of foreign tribes, to defend people's lives and labor.
　　Yan management tribe, control the world very method. He does not expect his report, not greedy of the world of finance, while the total wealth of the world. Chi you in person, the world and respect for. He German to justice, not reward the Minqin, not fine but right from wrong, unconvinced and fiscal competition between full and no system to make the people from, rather than killing Wei Li, French provincial and not bother, no disrespect to the people wear.
　　As for the Yan Emperor was born, has no conclusion, in fact, is a deification of Emperor Yan's figure, it represents an ancient man in the struggle with nature to change the nature of the collective wisdom embodied. Today, "Yan" and "Yellow Emperor" as a symbol of China five thousand years of civilization has been included in the annals of world civilization, the Chinese also known as "Chinese people."
　　Agriculture, including cultivation, harvest reserve, the three major steps in processing food. Before the advent of agriculture in the original collection fishing and hunting in early times, harvest reserves and consumption are two completely separate processes, people collect and reserves are not always the food, people eat what are often taken and eaten, not must be something the previous Reserve, reserves of food and people are often not plant seeds. With the emergence of pottery, people only have a safe and effective storage methods, and thus the long-term reserves of food and water, and food reserves to the acquisition of two independent process closely together. Only in this case, it will form a large demand for access to plant seeds. Original planting began in the use of gourds for drinking water apparatus Fu Xi times, people are first planted gourd, gourd in the planting process, it has accumulated rich cultivation techniques. To Nu Wa's age is age pottery, planting techniques and the demand for seeds of plants, once combined with the emergence of agriculture was also ready to come out. In fact, when people start planting gourd, not necessarily because of demand growing gourd think, is likely to be children and play out of love began planting gourd. There are three reasons: First, children have a lot of free time to take care of, protect and manage their "work" results; Second, a large white gourd seed particles, is very popular; third is large and easy gourd seed particles seeding operation. There are many parts of our country folk custom of fasting gourd seeds, big people use "to eat gourd seed packet, president of teeth" to the group to frighten children, shows that people's attention and protection gourd seeds, gourd cultivation also implies that the history of old. When our ancestors turned to plant grass planting gourd plant the seeds for food, the primitive agriculture was born.
　　Buried on the record about Yan, the earliest writing found in Jin Huangfu Mi's "imperial century", Red Emperor, "the reign of 120 years of the collapse, buried in Changsha." Bleeding Luo Song Writing "Road History" on account of more specific: Yan, "The tea-end collapse buried Changsha, It is called Chaling." According to local history, "Ling county" records, the area has been the Western Han Dynasty Tomb, the Western Han Dynasty, Greenwood, Insurrection Army Xing, Geographical Distribution and fear looters to explore, then will be razed to the ground mausoleum. Tang Dynasty, Buddhism, Buddhist temples built before the tomb, it is called "Tangxing Temple", but the front of the tombs, "when there is enshrined."
　　After the Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty in the past century, the court only worship Yandi Ling's activities, without Youzhao repair Yandi Ling temple records.
　　Yongzheng 10 year (AD 1733), the magistrate Zhang Jun Devotional using state treasury, published by the Qing dynasty imperial tomb enactment of the ancient temple reconstruction unified format, also referred to Ling Ling Temple, which is the name of the house. This laid the Yandi Ling Temple built the basic shape, forming a "pre-three - courtesy Pavilion - main hall - tombs," the four into the pattern. Ling temple for the whole fake palace, magnificent, ancient architecture reflects the traditions of China.
　　After the founding of new China, Hunan Yandi Ling is listed as cultural heritage site. New Year's Eve 1954, as pilgrims worship incense candle, ignite hall bunting, accidentally caught fire, resulting in the main hall and bowed Yandi Ling Ting burned. "Cultural Revolution" period, the tomb house and outbuildings were destroyed and heavy, in addition to tombs, all razed to the ground.
　　Yan Temple
　　Yan Huang blue helmet is the Chinese people are all Chinese. Zu Yandi Shennong family before beginning habitat in the ginger water, Xuan Yuan clan before beginning Zuhuang Di Ji water habitat in the early Spring and Autumn Period 2,700 years ago, there is conclusive. "Mandarin Jin Yu" records: "the Yellow Emperor to Ji water into, Yan with ginger water into." Ginger water in Baoji, which 1500 years ago, the Northern Wei dynasty, ancient Chinese geographers comments Road yuan to clearly write "water from Note "in the. Ming Tian Shun five years, "Yi Tong Zhi" record: "ginger water in Baoji County South." Baoji term of the present water's edge of the Chiang Wei-Kang City, Henan Province. Baoji Weihe have nine holy bath Longquan, Quan Tang Jian Shen Nong Temple there, there is often Yangshan Meiyukou Temple nammon, often Yangshan have Yandi Ling, are in the (Baoji City) Weibin yimen township (Shen Nong Township) territory, the people are the people worship the first place Zu Yandi. Yandi Ling major tour construction are: Shen Nong door, sheep foot pavilion, Yandi Ling door, Yan palace, sheep, the first pavilion, "Shen Nong city", "Chinese ancestor," the arch, altar Square, Yan Basilica, the statue of Emperor Yan, large painting, the tomb stone order, tombs and so on. Baoji civil Spring Festival gathering nine first month on the 11th birthday of Emperor Yan Longquan worship; annual meeting on July 7 Tiantai Mountain Festivals Yan after death. In recent years, several compatriots at home and abroad come to bulk water basin Baoji ginger ginger Castle, 9 Longquan, Tiantai roots Baizu, but the Temple destroyed tomb destroyed disrepair. Shen Nong Chinese people as a homeland - Baoji people feel guilty. This Weibin yimen township government has invited experts and scholars and research Baoji Chronicles of comrades, field trips, combined Chronicles documented proof. Municipal government, the CPPCC and often located in Yangshan port Mongolia Dayugou Baoji Bridge Works under the leadership and determination in the beginning of Zu Yandi Shennong birth family, the funeral business and rebuilt between Temple and Yandi Ling Shen Nong, and pay homage to their ancestors for the Chinese people Baizuyeling Yan construction sites. National culture, Chinese history and vertical power. Yandi Ling Ling anterior division, ancestral areas, the mass graves of three parts. Ling former District: Ginger Castle Department has an antique double eaves and the arch, a letter: "Yandi native place," four words. Fort East "Bath St. 9 Longquan" There is temple and bathing pavilion, Kowloon. Qing Jiang North Section intersection with Block, China stone arch form, a letter, "Shen Nong village" four words. Qing Jiang Road intersection there an old-style middle of the arch, a letter to "old times" four words. Baoji Bridge Factory Tiantai Mountain in front of the entrance to the Mongolian valley, take the east west cross road of ancient buildings, Block "Shen Nong's Gate" arch. Shen Nong door manufacturers through an area by the bridge, the south shall always Yangshan Yandi Ling, a winding mountain road directly Ling temple; another house of stone steps Naoto tomb. Sacrifice Zone: "Yandi Ling," where often Yangshan, from about 5 km south of Baoji City. Into the gate, there are 100 m level, Ye Ling Tang Ling Taiwan may gradually fall; hence, Ling Taiwan Department has the arch, gate. Door erected a stone tablet inscribed "often Yangshan" three characters, is a famous calligrapher Wu Xian three of the handwriting. Yangshan often pleasant scenery, year-round flowing ditch Qinglie the spring stream, but also never tell endless flowing legend of Emperor Yan was born in this beautiful land. The door into the Temple of Emperor Yan, Zuo Xiang room display with Yan's life and legends, the right wing of all walks of life hanging on the wall inscription. East and west sides with China Agricultural Exhibition Hall and Exhibition Gallery, the history of Chinese medicine. Yan Emperor Yandi Ling and memorial activities in the construction of the vivid scenes video through the TV show in people's eyes. The front yard is the main hall, before the house is square to accommodate thousands of worship. Basilica surface 5, left and right sides of the red column is the famous calligrapher Ru Gui Xian couplet written: "It was a founding set Qi Huang Chong Yandi Thousand Leagues", "Spread peace without, according to Nian Shen Nong P Plus with farming." Front door is the amount of "Yan hall", describe. The middle is a large temple statue of Emperor Yan, hall lit, incense constantly, the bell loud and melodious music, echoed throughout the valley ... ... worship in the region also built Jiang Yan Shen Nong Court Palace and Notre Dame. Cottage waist with 100 in Xishan, Yao Wang hole construction, both the place of traditional Chinese medicine, but also medical treatment for the masses. Tomb area: south through the hall, is a straight path leading to the summit after. Yandi Ling on top of the hill in this post. People wait to board a steep, stacked layers of the steps, until the board the first 999 steps to be considered finally reached the peak usually in Yangshan's. This is a huge circular tomb, with bluestone masonry around the mass graves, tombstones engraved with "Yandi Ling" four words. Surrounded by pine and cypress forest. Channel on both sides of the emperors tomb statue, after family tomb of Emperor Yan merit praise poems, couplets and paintings of the forest of steles. Tiantai tomb scenic area east, north across the sea Mongolia Wenyuhe and Zhuge Hill, south of Pine forest, overlooking the more Linshao towering cloud of Qinling Mountains were scattered off the west overlooking the rolling Qingbo ginger water, ginger water Chiang Wei River north of the city linger inflow. Tomb as a whole to take the situation mountains, ancient architecture in groups on three sides volley, gives a grand, sacred, solemn, quaint, quiet feeling. "Affairs of state with the ring in worship." "Cover Gusheng of merit, but the greatest emperor. So future generations to enjoy the newspaper, hangings most lung Emperor." As agriculture, medicine and the founder of the market, about Yan Religion in the ancient China has been living in high status. Overseas Chinese, Hong Kong, Macao and mainland China have all walks of life paid homage to Yandi Ling ancestors. There Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, Zhao Puchu, Zhou Pei-Yuan, Zhou Gucheng, Yang Jingren, Zhang Aiping, Wang's first Road, chang, v. to Wang Renzhong, Geng Biao, Zhang Ping of, Yanjici, Xiao Ke, Luo Qing Long, Qu Wu et inscription , inscription, also left the community calligraphy.
　　Yan palace
　　According to Ming Chenghua 10 year (1475), "Yan palace rebuilt landmark" record: "Shen Nong palace Paragon Village at it off before, Jau-Ji Swire, no paper test, Temple Village in swapping the southeast, the existing graves, Mulan wound care, however much difference a few hundred Yubu Temple and the Palace also. "
　　The Chinese nation has a long history back to ancient times. And the Yellow Emperor Huangdi about Yan's to their great historical achievements are revered as the human ancestor of the Chinese nation, generation by the Chinese people respect the earth.
　　According to "The Book of Changes", "pipe" and other pre-Qin literature relevant records, and many find the Yangtze River Basin, including Hunan, 7000-9 years ago to verify the ancient cultural relics that Yan is the founder of the Chinese agricultural civilization. According to legend, the beginning kind of grain to the people Yan food production Leisi to facilitate cultivation, Bianchang hundred herbs to Medicine Man ailments, governance hemp cloth to imperial China for the cold, mold storage civilian objects to be cut as Yee Tong feelings for the piano, Japan and the City benefit of the residents, quiet residential wood arrows with safety, repeat gossip to explore astronomical phenomena, after the herbs to treat the people in the southern tour in Japan have never stopped poisoning case of 70, the end result of mistake to try Ussuriensis Maxim and "collapse buried in Changsha The tea-tail "term of the present deer Yanling County, Hunan Province original reservoir. Yan Gong unquestionable, Deese later. He created the original farming civilization, so that ancestors changed Rumaoyinxue to hunting and fishing and gathering wild fruits as the source of all life, the state embarked on the creative community can be said that the first time in our history "green revolution." Especially the younger generations of ancestors fierce battle prehistoric Yan led the congregation in the spirit of hard work, self-improvement of the pioneering and innovative spirit, social commitment of the national spirit of unity is the Chinese self-esteem, self-reliance, self-confidence, self-generated sources and model of the spirit.
　　Yanling's supporters believe that many documented "Dibeng this" "The collapse buried in tea-tail" of the deer of the original Pei, here is the Yandi Ling authentic; Baoji supporters that "Yan was born in the old Williams "is Yandi Ling is the only land of the election; high Jinping County (now Gaoping) is recorded, seems to only show that Yan had parade this point, the number of some name is not correct is starting, in the debate almost impossible to fight with the former two .
　　"Hubei Annals" contains: "Shen Nong from Horeb, the mountain's strong, this village is also with Li." Horeb, also known as Li Shan, as also for the Lishan Shi. Shennong Horeb attractions in the area, built Shennong hole monument of Emperor Yan, Yan Emperor Shen Nong Memorial Square, Memorial of Emperor Yan, Yan Emperor Shen Nong arch and other monuments. Jiang river landscape fashion, 9 Ling Qing Lan, smoke temple bells in the evening, village sunset, Kwu Tung Ching snow, fog reduced off rock, dragon flag, etc., because of material through the landscape, extraordinary beauty. For thousands of years, whenever Yan birthday memorial day, tens of thousands of people around the world come to worship Horeb Shennong, cherish the memory of Chinese ancestor, strong domestic and overseas Chinese people Xungenwenzu mountain has become the Holy Land.

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