| 姓： | 伊耆 | ||||||
| 名： | 石年 | ||||||
| 網筆號： | 烈山氏 | ||||||
| |||||||
氏：烈山氏
名：石年
炎帝誕辰：農歷四月二十六日
生平簡介
炎帝,傳說上古時期姜姓部落的首領，又稱赤帝、烈山氏，一說即神農氏(或神農氏的子孫)。相傳其母名女登，一日遊華陽，被神竜繞身，感應而孕，生下炎帝。傳說炎帝人身牛首，頭上有角。炎帝生於烈山石室，長於薑水，有聖德，以火德王，故號炎帝。炎帝少而聰穎，三天能說話，五天能走路，三年知稼穡之事。他一生為百姓辦了許多好事：教百姓耕作，百姓得以豐食足衣；為了讓百姓不受病疾之苦，他嘗遍了各種藥材，以致自己一日中七十次毒。他又作樂器，讓百姓懂得禮儀，為後世所稱道。其族人最初的活動地域在今陝西的南部，後來沿黃河嚮東發展，與黃帝發生衝突。在阪泉之戰中，炎帝被黃帝戰敗，炎帝部落與黃帝部落合併，組成華夏族，所以今日中國人自稱為「炎黃後代」。目前史學界同時支持另一種說法，即黃帝活動於黃河下遊，泰山西側，炎帝活動於黃河下遊，泰山東側，兩部落為了爭奪統治權，在阪泉也即涿鹿（兩者皆位於今河北省張傢口市涿鹿縣境內）决戰，黃帝戰勝並流放炎帝於南方（後召回），開創了華夏一統的局面。
炎帝是我國上古時代姜姓部落首領，號烈山氏或厲山氏，位於黃河上遊、渭河地區。據《史記》等古籍追記，炎帝姓“伊耆”，名石年。母為有嬌氏女，名日女登，是少典正妃。生炎帝。長於薑水，故有‘薑’姓之稱。據《綱鑒》等記載：“炎帝以火德代伏羲治天下，其俗樸，重端愨，不岔爭而財足，無製令而民從，威厲而不殺，法省而不煩，於是南至交趾，北至幽都，東至腸𠔌，西至三危，莫不從其化。”《越絶書》說：“昔者神農之治天下，務利之已矣，不望其報；不貪天下之財，而天下共富之；不以其智能自貴於人，而天下共尊之。”
炎帝的傳說
炎帝姓姜。相傳他牛頭人身，可能是以牛為圖騰的氏族首領。最初，這個氏族活動於渭河流域，另說活動於泗水流域（黃河
下遊），後來進入黃河中遊，與九黎族發生了長時期的衝突。九黎族的首領叫蚩尤，獸身人面，銅頭鐵脖子，頭上有角，耳上生毛硬如劍戟，能吃砂石，可能是以某種猛獸為圖騰的氏族。他有兄弟八十一人，即八十一個氏族，是勇悍善戰的強大氏族部落。蚩尤把炎帝驅逐到涿鹿(今河北西北桑幹河流域，或者今山東泰山周圍)。炎帝嚮黃帝求援，雙方在涿鹿大戰-場。蚩尤請風伯雨師興風作雨，造了大霧使黃帝的士兵迷失方向，黃帝請旱神女魃，把天氣放晴，造了“指南車” 辨別方向。這場激烈戰爭的結果是蚩尤失敗，被殺死了。黃帝取得了勝利，被推舉為“天子”。
史學界日趨支持另一種說法，炎帝同黃帝一樣是一種帝位，而炎帝一係世代居住在黃河下遊，後期神農氏部落執掌炎帝之位，而黃帝族部落，公孫姓，興起於泰山西側，而此時的神農氏部落已經無力徵討號令天下，黃帝開始徵討諸侯，積蓄實力，在阪泉也即逐鹿（泰山周圍）與炎帝神農氏决戰，炎帝神農氏一戰被擊潰，黃帝得以號令天下諸侯，流放炎帝神農氏於南方楚地，而另有不服從黃帝號令的南方蚩尤部落，本是炎帝神農的部屬，揚言為炎帝報仇，糾集部衆與黃帝戰，數次擊敗黃帝，最後被黃帝利用計謀擊敗並殺，黃帝其後又先後平定蚩尤餘部--邢天氏叛亂，最終一統天下，同時考慮到炎帝衆望所歸，民望猶盛，後來將其召回輔政，合併炎帝神農氏部落，後稱炎黃部落...
另一說法是，炎帝一係世代居住在黃河下遊，後期炎帝一位由神農氏掌權，而最後一代神農氏炎帝即是號稱烈山氏，阪泉氏的蚩尤，姜姓（東方的大姓，多聚集在今山東臨淄一帶，東海姜尚姜子牙是其後裔之一），當時天下混亂，諸侯並起，神農氏難以繼續掌控天下，黃帝崛起，意欲爭奪帝位，而支持傳統炎帝統治的部落與支持新興黃帝統治的部落在阪泉（也即逐鹿）决戰，阪泉同時也是炎帝最後的根據地，最後一代神農氏炎帝蚩尤作戰英勇，雖然此前炎帝係在蚩尤帶領下屢戰屢勝，但最終被黃帝擊潰於泰山周圍，這是遠古歷史上少有的激烈的大戰，蚩尤後來被人們奉為戰神，每戰必祭，也是中國人頑強精神的象徵...其後黃帝順勢封禪泰山，定都麯阜，建立了統一的華夏格局...
傳說為遠古時期部落首領，與黃帝同為中華民族始祖。《國語.晉語》載：“昔少典氏娶於有蟲喬氏，生黃帝、炎帝。黃帝以姬水成，炎帝以薑水成”。宋代《路史.國名》載：“炎帝後，姜姓國，今寶雞有姜氏城，南有薑水”。炎帝傳說在寶雞民間和官方流傳經久不衰。寶雞市區和南郊常羊山建有炎帝祠、炎帝陵，海內外炎黃子孫每年清明節和農歷七月七舉行盛大祭祀紀念活動。
姜氏族為西戎族(或東夷族)一支，原為遊牧民族（或農耕部落），很早期便由西方進入中原。而當時在今陝西與河南交界處，居住著以蚩尤為首的九黎族（有說獨苗族），雙方因部落發展而發生長期衝突，炎帝不敵而退至今河北省一帶。據說因“炎帝欲侵凌諸侯 ”，後又與軒轅氏族姬姓之黃帝進行三次激烈的戰役，此次被認為是華夏民族第一場大規模的戰爭，稱為阪泉之戰（阪泉，今京郊延慶境內的阪泉村）。面對着統領熊、羆、貔、貅、貙、虎為圖騰部落的強大對手，炎帝終告不敵，與之結盟並歸順之，黃帝以勝利的姿態結束了這場戰爭。
炎黃聯盟不斷擴展，歸順之部落越來越多，但蚩尤始終不服，大戰一場在所難免。蚩尤帶領著九黎，與聯盟大戰於涿鹿（今河北省涿鹿村），是為傳說時代的第二場戰爭，稱為涿鹿之戰，所謂涿鹿中原，源出於此。最後蚩尤被打敗。從此姜氏族便與黃帝在中原安定下來了。“炎黃子孫”一詞，則為人們對中華文明的始祖炎帝和黃帝的追溯和尊奉。
炎帝也是一個部落聯盟，《路史》說７０世（一說１７世）而有天下，《春秋命歷序》說一共傳８世，５２０年，或５２２年，或《易緯稽覽圖》的５４０年，而８世的名字在由神農開始在《山海經》、《帝王世紀》、《路史》不一致，一般認為最後１世名字是參盧，即帝榆罔，禪位黃帝後被封到潞，參盧之後叫“潞子嬰兒”。這裏在春秋時代是赤狄潞子國。武王封神農之後於焦。在越南15世紀《嶺南摭怪》中的《鴻龐傳》，和官方史書《大越史記全書‧外紀捲一》記載,神農的三世孫帝明南遊至無嶺，遇見一位仙女，生子名祿續，封為涇陽王，以治南方，國號赤鬼國（包括現在的越南）。涇陽王和洞庭君的女兒生子名崇攬，封為貉竜君，就是百越的始祖,史稱甌貉國，即越南史上最早的朝代鴻龐朝。
炎帝 神農氏
神農氏和炎帝到底什麽關係？兩者是否為同一人呢？關於炎帝和神農氏的關係問題，學術界長期以來形成了觀點截然相反的兩派：一派認為炎帝就是神農氏。這一派的觀點現在占上風，算是主流派，比如湖南的炎帝陵紀念館就是把炎帝作為神農來祭祀的，所以紀念館內就有炎帝嘗百草的主題。而另一派則認為炎帝和神農是兩個係統的人，扯不上關係，因此不可能是同一人。
古代史書關於神農氏的世代記載是這樣的：神農氏統治經歷了七十個世代，（一說十七個世代）到黃帝部落崛起的時候纔衰落下去了。這裏有一個問題前面忘了說明的需要說明一下，即神農氏以前包括神農氏的時代，像伏羲，女媧，神農這樣的稱呼乃是對於某個部落或者部落的若幹代首領的統稱，而不是對唯一一個君主的稱呼。但是後世的學者們往往産生歧見，比如關於古蜀國的歷史記載中，很多人都認為蠶從和魚鳧是古蜀國的兩代君王，但是實際上蠶從和魚鳧乃是兩個分別長達數百年的古蜀國王朝，每個王朝都有十幾個世代。（《史記.五帝本紀》中也提到：黃帝崛起的時候，恰好 “神農世衰”，黃帝與炎帝戰於阪泉之野。請註意這個“世”字。）這就是為什麽伏曦，女媧，神農的統治往往高達數百年乃至數千年的原因。按照一世三十年計算，那麽神農氏統治的時期大約為兩千年（如果是十七個世代則大約是五百年）黃帝的時代，在距今大約五千年以前，以此上推兩千年，大約就可以推斷出神農氏統治開始於距今大約七千年以前。
但是，關於炎帝的記載則明顯和神農氏對不上號。和神農不同，關於炎帝的稱號是對某一個人還是對若幹世代的部落首領的稱呼這一點是存在爭論的。有一種說法認為，炎帝經歷了八個世代。第一世炎帝叫神農，他的時代比黃帝的時代大約早幾百年。而和黃帝同一個時代的炎帝是第八世炎帝，他叫榆罔。這種說法，就把炎帝和神農串到了一起，即無論炎帝還是神農都是同一部落首領的稱呼。同一部落首領有不同的稱呼倒不奇怪，但是無論神農氏是七十個世代還是十七個世代，顯然都和炎帝的八個世代對不上號。因此，從這一點上來說，炎帝和神農為同一人的說法值得懷疑。
【中文名稱】: 涿鹿之戰
【發生時間】: 黃帝時期（公元前26世紀）
【發生地點】: 河北省涿鹿縣
【事件介紹】：蚩尤攻打黃帝和炎帝聯盟
涿鹿之戰
涿鹿之戰，指的是距今約4600餘年前，黃帝部族聯合炎帝部族，與東夷集團中的蚩尤部族在今河北省涿縣一帶所進行的一場大戰。“戰爭”的目的，是雙方為了爭奪適於牧放和淺耕的中原地帶。它也是我國歷史上見於記載的最早的“戰爭”，對於古代華夏族由野蠻時代嚮文明時代的轉變産生過重大的影響。
原始社會中晚期，逐漸形成了華夏、東夷、苗蠻三大集團。其中華夏集團以黃帝、炎帝兩大部族為核心。它們分別興起於今關中平原、山西西南部和河南西部。經融合後，遂沿着黃河南北岸嚮今華北大平原西部地帶發展。與此同時，興起於黃河下遊的今冀、魯、豫、蘇、皖交界地區的九夷部落（東夷集團的一支），也在其著名領袖蚩尤的領導下，以今山東為根據地，由東嚮西方向發展，開始進入華北大平原。這樣華夏集團與東夷集團之間的一場武裝衝突也就不可避免了。涿鹿之戰正是在這種歷史背景下爆發的。
據說蚩尤族善於製作兵器，其銅製兵器精良堅利，且部衆勇猛剽悍，生性善戰，擅長角牴，進入華北地區後，首先與炎帝部族發生了正面衝突。蚩尤族聯合巨人誇父部族和三苗一部，用武力擊敗了炎帝族，並進而占據了炎帝族居住的“九隅”，即“九州”。炎帝族為了維持生存，遂嚮同集團的黃帝族求援。
黃帝族為了維護華夏集團的整體利益，就答應炎帝族的請求，將勢力推嚮東方。這樣，便同正乘勢嚮西北推進的蚩尤族在涿鹿地區相遭遇了。當時蚩尤族集結了所屬的81個支族（一說72族），在力量上占據某種優勢，所以，雙方接觸後，蚩尤族便倚仗人多勢衆、武器優良等條件，主動嚮黃帝族發起攻擊。黃帝族則率領以熊、羆、狼、豹、雕、竜、鴞等為圖騰的氏族，迎戰蚩尤族，並讓“應竜高水”，即利用位處上流的條件，在河流上築土壩蓄水，以阻擋蚩尤族的進攻。
“戰爭”爆發後，適逢濃霧和大風暴雨天氣，這很適合來自東方多雨環境的蚩尤族展開軍事行動。所以在初戰階段，適合於晴天氣環境作戰的黃帝族處境並不有利，曾經九戰而九敗（九是虛數，形容次數之多）。然而，不多久，雨季過去，天氣放晴，這就給黃帝族轉敗為勝提供了重要契機。黃帝族把握戰機，在玄女族的支援下，乘勢嚮蚩尤族發動反擊。其利用特殊有利的天候——狂風大作，塵沙漫天，吹號角，擊鼙鼓，乘蚩尤族部衆迷亂、震懾之際，以指南車指示方向，驅衆嚮蚩尤族進攻，終於一舉擊敗敵人，並在冀州之野（即冀州，今河北地區）擒殺其首領蚩尤。涿鹿之戰就這樣以黃帝族的勝利而宣告結束。戰後，黃帝族乘勝東進，一直進抵泰山附近，在那裏舉行“封泰山”儀式後方纔凱旋西歸。同時“命少皞清正司馬鳥師”，即在東夷集團中選擇一位能附衆的氏族首長名叫少皞清的繼續統領九夷部衆，並強迫東夷集團同自己華夏集團互結為同盟。
涿鹿之戰的結果，有力地奠定了華夏集團據有廣大中原地區的基礎，並起到了進一步融合各氏族部落的催化作用。取得這場戰爭勝利的部族首領黃帝從此成為中華民族的共同祖先，並被逐步神化。涿鹿之戰為我們中華民族在發軔時期决定日後基本面貌的歷史性“戰爭”。
【中文名稱】: 阪泉之戰
【發生時間】: 黃帝時期（公元前26世紀）
【發生地點】: 阪泉（今河北省涿鹿縣東，—說今山西運城解池附近）
【事件介紹】阪泉之戰
阪泉之戰
時期(約公元前26世紀)，在黃帝徵服中原各族之戰中，黃帝與炎帝兩部落聯盟在阪泉(今河北涿鹿東南，—說今山西運城解池附近)的一次交戰。
神農氏後，中原出現兩大部落聯盟。其首領分別為炎帝和黃帝，據傳皆少典氏後裔。炎帝長於薑水 (渭水支流，今陝西岐山東)，以薑為姓。其族沿黃河流域嚮東發展進入中原，成為黃河中遊地區的強大部落聯盟。黃帝長於姬水(即岐水，今陝西境，亦有他說)，以姬為姓，東進中原後，居：於軒轅之丘(今河南新鄭西；比)，稱軒轅氏(又稱縉雲氏、帝鴻氏、有熊氏)。其族形成包括姬姓12部落的部落聯盟。黃帝經常進攻附近有肯歸附的部落，勢力不斷擴大。炎帝也在不斷擴大自己勢力，兩大聯盟終於暴發衝突。黃帝率領以熊、羆、貔、貅、虎、雕、歇、鷹、鳶等為圖騰的各部落，在阪泉之野與炎帝各部落交戰。經三次激烈戰鬥，黃帝部落聯盟終於獲勝，初步建立了黃帝對中原地區的領導地位。
華夏形成
華夏是古代中國中原地區各族的合稱，亦作“諸夏”。據部分史學家的研究，中國古代的部族可分為華夏集團、東夷集團和苗蠻集團。它們經過長期的交往與融合，到春秋時期基本同化，成為秦漢間所謂“中國人”的三個主要來源。
華夏集團以炎帝族和黃帝族為主體。兩族最初居住在陝西，後來各自逐漸東遷。黃帝族順北洛水南下，又東渡黃河，沿中條山、太行山嚮東北發展，形成晉南的黃河一帶許多姬姓國，如虞、楊、韓、魏等。炎帝族也有一部分順渭水東下，沿黃河南岸嚮東發展，形成姜姓國傢，如申、呂、齊、許等。他們在東進過程中，不斷擴大自己的勢力。
阪泉之戰是黃帝與炎帝之間為爭奪部落聯盟首領而進行的戰爭，炎帝族戰敗，並入黃帝族，華夏逐漸形成。其後黃帝在涿鹿之戰中打敗了東夷集團的九黎族首領蚩尤，勢力擴大至今日的山東境內，華夏集團得以空前擴展。據載虞、夏、商、周都是黃帝的後裔，經過幾千年的歷史發展過程，華夏在中國歷史中的地位便逐漸確立了.
神農氏是炎帝嗎？
繼伏羲以後，神農氏是又一個對中華民族頗多貢獻的傳說人物。除了發明農耕技術外，還發明了醫術，製定了歷法，開創九井相連的水利灌溉技術等。因為他發明農耕技術而號神農氏，可是他又稱炎帝、赤帝、烈（厲）山氏，則又成了與黃帝相爭天下的首領。長期以來，對於神農氏是否即炎帝這個問題，一直懸而難决。
《白虎通義·號》說，神農氏能夠根據天時之宜，分地之利，創作了來招等農具，教民耕作，使人民獲得很大的好處，故號神農。《世本·帝係篇》則首把炎帝和神農氏扯在一起稱“炎帝神農氏”，謂炎帝即神農氏，炎帝身號，神農代號。漢高誘註《淮南子·時則訓》，提到赤帝時又把赤帝與神農氏合起來，說赤帝即炎帝，少典之子，號為神農，南方火德之帝。《左傳》、《國語》和《禮記》曾提到烈山氏能夠播植百𠔌百蔬。東漢鄭玄註《禮記》和三國韋昭註《國語》，都說烈山氏為炎帝。《水經註》捲三十二又把烈山氏和神農氏相並，說謬水西南經過厲鄉南，水南有重山，就是烈山，山下有一個洞穴，相傳是神農氏的誕生處，所以《禮記》稱神農氏為烈山氏。而有關烈（厲、列）山氏稱號的緣起，又有二說。《路史》認為，烈山原字當作列山或厲山，因神農氏“肇跡”於列山，故以列山、厲山為氏。劉城淮《中國上古神話》則認為炎帝為人神，放火燒山很猛烈，故為烈山氏。
《史記·五帝本紀》則隱喻炎帝與神農氏並非一人，說黃帝時，神農氏的時代已經衰落，諸侯之間互相侵伐，暴虐百姓，神農氏不能徵討，於是黃帝“修德振兵”，討伐危害最大的炎帝和蚩尤，把他倆伐滅後威望大振，於是代神農氏而有天下。神農氏不事徵伐，這與《莊於·盜蹠》說神農氏“無有相害之心”、《商君書·畫策》說神農“刑政不用而治，甲兵不起而王”相符合，怎麽會變成炎帝這樣“侵伐諸侯，暴虐百姓”的人呢？英勇善戰的黃帝，竟然要與他“三戰，然後得志”。此外，《史記·封禪書》分列炎帝和神農氏為二人，徐旭生《中國古史的傳說時代》也主張炎帝、神農氏為二人。
由上觀之，神農氏和炎帝是否即一人，仍無確解。
炎帝的貢獻
炎帝對中華民族的生存繁衍和發展作出了重要貢獻：
一、製耒耜，種五穀，奠定了農工基礎。耒耜的使用和種五穀，解决了民以食為天的大事，促進了農業生産的發展，為人類由原始遊牧生活嚮農耕文明轉化創造了條件。
二、立市廛，首闢市場。據《周易•係辭下》載,神農"日中為市，緻天下之民，聚天下之貨，交易而退，各得其所"。神農發明的以日中為市，以物易物的市場是我國貨幣，商業發展的起源和基石。
三、治麻為布，民着衣裳。原始人本無衣裳，僅以樹葉，獸皮遮身，神農教民麻桑為布帛後，人們纔有了衣裳，這是人類由朦昧社會嚮文明社會邁出的重大一步。
四、作五弦琴，以樂百姓。據《世本•下篇》載，神農發明了樂器，他削桐為琴，結絲為弦，這種琴後來叫神農琴。神農琴“長三尺六寸六分，上有五弦：曰、宮、商、角、徵、羽”。這種琴發出的聲音，能道天地之德，能表神農之和，能使人們娛樂。
五、削木為弓，以威天下。神農始創了弓箭，有效地防止了野獸的襲擊，有力地打擊了外來部落的侵犯，保衛了人們的生命安全和勞動成果。
六、製作陶器，改善生活。在陶器發明前，人們加工處理食物，衹能用火燒烤，有了陶器，人們對食物可以進行蒸煮加工，還可以貯存物品，釀酒，消毒。陶器的使用，改善了人類的生活條件，對人類的飲食衛生和醫藥發展産生了深遠的影響。
為了促使人們有規律地生活，按季節栽培農作物，炎帝神農還立歷日，立星辰，分晝夜，定日月，月為三十日，十一月為鼕至。
炎帝管理部落，治理天下很有方法。他不望其報，不貪天下之財，而天下共富之。智貴於人，天下共尊之。他以德以義，不賞而民勤，不罰而邪正，不忿爭而財足，無製令而民從，威厲而不殺，法省而不煩，人民無不敬戴。
炎帝還是我國教育的始祖。他教民使用工具，教民播種五穀，教民醫藥，教民製陶、繪畫，教民弓箭、獵獸、健身，教民製琴、教民音樂、舞蹈，還教民智德。可見，炎帝時期，德、智、體、美得到了全面重視和發展。
炎帝對人類的發展作出了巨大的貢獻。炎帝精神，首要的是創業精神，奉獻精神，敢為人先的創造精神，百折不撓，自強不息的進取精神。炎帝精神使中華後裔在與自然和社會的鬥爭中，擺脫愚昧和野蠻，追求先進與文明。這種精神使華夏民族獲得了高度的團结和統一。
至於炎帝的出生地，至今沒有定論，事實上炎帝是一個神化了的人物，它代表的是遠古人類在與大自然的鬥爭中改造自然集體智慧的集中體現。在今天，“炎帝”和“黃帝”作為中華五千年文明的象徵被載入世界文明的史册，中國人也稱為“炎黃子孫”。
神農故事新解
在神農氏的諸多事跡當中，最為人們稱道和熟悉的是製耒耜、種五穀一事，這也正是神農氏之被稱為“神農”的原因所在，“神農”一詞中的“農”字就完全體現了這一偉大創舉。
農業包括種植、收穫儲備、加工食用三大步驟。在原始農業出現之前的採集漁獵時代早期，收穫儲備與食用是兩個完全獨立的過程，人們採集而儲備的東西不一定都是食用的，人們食用的東西也經常是現采現吃，並不一定是先前儲備的東西，而且人們儲備的食物也往往不是植物種籽。伴隨着陶器的出現，人們纔具備了安全有效的貯藏手段，因而能夠長期儲備食物和飲水，從而把採集儲備和食用兩個獨立過程緊密地結合在一起。衹有在這種情況下，人們纔會形成大量獲得植物種籽的需求。原始種植業開始於使用葫蘆作飲水器具的伏羲氏時代，人們最早種植的是葫蘆，在種植葫蘆的過程中，人們積纍比較豐富的種植技術。到了女媧氏時代，也就是陶器時代，種植技術和對植物種籽的需求一旦結合在一起，農業的出現也就呼之欲出了。其實人們開始種植葫蘆時，也不一定是因為需求而想到種植葫蘆，很可能是兒童出於愛好和玩耍開始了葫蘆的種植。其原因有三：一是兒童有大量的空閑時間照顧、保護和管理他們的“勞動”成果；二是葫蘆籽顆粒大潔白，深受人們喜愛；三是葫蘆籽顆粒大而容易播種操作。我國許多地方民間存在着禁食葫蘆籽的風俗，大人們會用“吃葫蘆籽會長包牙”之類的話嚇唬小孩子，說明人們對葫蘆籽的重視和保護，也暗示了葫蘆栽培歷史的悠久。當我們的祖先把種植葫蘆轉嚮種植草類植物獲取食用的種籽時，原始農業就誕生了。
吃草治病並非人類獨有。許多動物都有吃藥治病的現象，說明早在人成其為人之前，人類的祖先就已經本能地積纍了許多草藥知識。原始農業興起後，出於尋找更好的農作物種類的需要，人們在嘗食植物的同時會更加註意瞭解植物的特性，不僅註意有毒沒毒、可吃不可吃，更會註意瞭解不同植物種類、不同部位、不同器官的苦辣酸甜味道，以及寒溫特性等，從而結合原有的草藥知識形成醫藥概念，開始了醫學探索。也就是說，醫藥概念是伴隨着原始探索馴化植物為農作物的過程中形成的，是一種“無意插柳柳成蔭”式的發明。這應該就是神農氏發明醫藥的歷史真相。
要大量種植農作物，首先要選擇合適的植物種類並馴化使之成為作物品種，比如稻、黍、稷、麥、菽五穀；其次要有農具，比如耒耜；三是要掌握農時。這些都需要長期技術進步和知識積纍，絶不是一朝一夕就能做到的，即使一個人終其一生也絶難做到。所以說，神農氏是一個相當漫長的時代。
在農業發展的早期，主要技術進步表現在馴化野生植物上，經過嘗百草和試種，古人們初步確定了適合栽培的幾種主要野草，野草種類因地區而不同，收穫的種籽除一部分被食用外，人們會選擇飽滿的籽粒留作種子，這其實就是對野生動植物的馴化過程，使得栽培植物和養殖動物與其野生原種的差異越來越大，而分別成為農作物和傢畜。中國人非常重視留種工作，總是千方百計地保護作物種子，甚至有“餓死不吃種子”的說法。這一習俗更加有利於農作物品種的選育工作。可以推測，在神農氏中期，中國就已經基本培育出各主要農作物品種，即五穀。
炎帝陵
炎帝陵位於湖南省株洲市炎陵縣城西17公裏的鹿原鎮境內。這裏洣水環流，古樹參天，景色秀麗。
關於炎帝神農氏安葬地的記載，最早見於晉代皇甫謐撰寫的《帝王世紀》，炎帝“在位一百二十年而崩，葬長沙。”宋代羅泌撰《路史》就記述得更具體：炎帝“崩葬長沙茶鄉之尾，是曰茶陵。”據地方史《酃縣志》記載，此地西漢時已有陵，西漢末年，緑林、赤眉軍興，邑人擔心亂兵發掘，遂將陵墓夷為平地。唐代，佛教傳入，陵前建有佛寺，名曰“唐興寺”，然而陵前“時有奉祀”。
炎帝陵自宋太祖乾德五年建廟之後，迄今已有千餘年歷史，隨着歷代王朝的興衰更替，炎帝廟也歷盡滄桑，屢建屢毀，屢毀屢建。
宋太宗太平興國年間（公元967—983年），朝廷將事官慮炎帝陵地僻路險，舟車不便，奏請將炎帝廟遷至茶陵縣城南，宋太宗詔許，即移鹿原陂炎帝廟於茶陵縣城南五裏處。此後凡二百餘年，朝廷官府祭祀炎帝神農氏的活動，均在茶陵縣城南炎帝祠廟進行，鹿原陂炎帝廟幾近湮沒。宋孝宗淳熙十三年(公元1186年)，衡州守臣劉清之鑒於炎帝陵沒有炎帝廟，反而保留唐代的佛寺，有點不倫不類，於是奏請朝廷，廢陵前唐興寺而重建炎帝廟。宋寧宗嘉定四年（1211年），析茶陵軍之康樂、霞陽、常平三鄉置酃縣。此後，炎帝陵所在地鹿原陂即屬酃縣境地，隸屬衡州府管轄。至淳八年（公元1248年），湖南安撫使知潭州陳奏請朝廷為炎帝陵禁樵牧，設守陵戶，並對炎帝祠廟進行了一次大的修葺。
宋代以後，元代近百年間，朝廷衹有祭祀炎帝陵的活動，而未有詔修炎帝陵廟的記載。
明代，有關炎帝陵廟的修葺，史書記載頗詳。較大規模的修葺有三次：第一次是洪武三年(公元 1370年）。明太祖朱元璋即位後，詔命遍修歷代帝王陵寢，由此炎帝陵廟也得到了一次全面修葺。第二次是嘉靖三年（公元1524年），由酃縣知縣易宗周主持。這次重修是在原廟舊址上拓寬興建，基本上改變了舊廟原貌。第三次是萬歷四十八年（公元1620年）。酃縣縣令派人於路旁募款，發起重修。新廟規模雖因循舊製，但廟貌大為改觀。
清代對炎帝陵廟的修葺,有據可查的約有9次。清世祖順治四年（公元1647年），南明將領蓋遇時部進駐炎陵，屯兵廟側，炎帝陵廟慘遭破壞。是後，當地官民士紳及時進行了補葺，但由於戰爭頻仍，資金缺乏，修葺未能完善。康熙三十五年（公元1696 年），清聖祖玄燁遣太僕寺少卿王紳前來炎帝陵告災致祭。王見陵廟棟宇損壞嚴重，入告於朝，奏請修葺，聖祖準奏。由酃縣知縣龔佳蔚督工，整修一新，但是未能恢復前代規模。
雍正十一年（公元1733年），知縣張瀎奉文動用國帑，按清王朝公佈頒行的古帝王陵殿統一格式重建，陵廟也統稱陵殿而正其名。這次修建奠定了炎帝陵殿的基本形製，形成了“前三門——行禮亭——正殿——陵寢”的四進格局。整座陵殿為仿皇宮建築，氣勢恢宏，體現了我國古代建築的傳統特色。
清朝最大的一次修復是在道光十七年（公元1837年），由知縣俞昌會主持、當地士紳百姓募資捐款所進行的一次重修。重修工程自孟夏開始，年底竣工，費時 8個月有餘。這次重修後的炎帝陵殿，高大寬敞，金碧輝煌，,莊嚴肅穆，蔚為壯觀，各附屬建築，依山傍水，錯落有緻，與主殿相輝相映，形成了一個統一的整體，也為炎陵山增添了無限秀色。
民國年間，炎帝陵殿的修葺活動，據有關文字記載有4次：第一次是民國四年(公元1915年), 酃縣知事瞿燮捐資百元,連同炎帝陵修葺費14元,交人籌措修復，土木將興，旋因湘軍駐陵側，以至無法施工而作罷。第二次是民國十二年（1923年），因連年兵禍，陵廟傾圯在即，酃縣政府再次呈文請修，湖南省政府撥款500元，令縣長歐陽枚鳩工修葺。第三次是1936年。酃縣縣長夏禮鑒於“炎陵殿宇年久失修，多已損壞”,於年初組建了修復炎陵籌備委員會。但是半途而廢,修復計劃未能實施。第四次是1940年,第九戰區司令長官兼湖南省政府主席薛嶽主持的一次大修。1940年日軍犯西南，為防患於未然，薛嶽擬將省政府遷酃縣炎陵山。是年春，撥專款於炎陵山修建省政府機關辦公用房和員工宿舍，修築了茶陵至酃縣炎陵山的簡易公路，同時對炎陵殿宇進行了全面修葺。
新中國成立後，炎帝陵被列為湖南省重點文物保護單位。1954年除夕之夜，因香客祭祀焚香燭，引燃殿內彩旗，不慎失火，致使炎帝陵正殿和行禮亭被焚。“文化革命”期間，陵殿及其附屬建築又重遭破壞，除陵墓外，全部夷為平地。
炎帝陵殿被焚以後，重新修復炎帝陵殿已成為廣大炎黃子孫的強烈願望。黨的十一屆三中全會以後，修復條件日趨成熟。1986年 6月28日，由酃縣人民政府主持，陵殿修復工程正式破土動工，到1988年10月勝利竣工。重修後的炎帝陵殿，規模較前稍有擴大，整個建築占地面積 3836平方米。分為五進：第一進為午門，第二進為行禮亭，第三進為主殿，第四進為墓碑亭，第五進為墓塚。殿外修復了詠豐臺、天使館、鹿原亭等附屬建築。整個建築金碧輝煌，重檐翹角，氣勢恢宏，富有民族傳統風格。
1986年經國務院批準重修炎帝陵後，國傢和省、市高度重視炎帝陵建設，先後投入資金1億多元，自1994年起自今,株洲炎帝陵已舉行了8次全球華人公祭炎帝活動,甚至在湘全國人大代表和在湘全國政協委員們紛紛呼籲將炎帝陵公祭列入國傢級祭祀。
炎帝祠
炎帝祠位於寶雞市渭濱區差門鄉（神農鄉）境內常羊山上。是神農炎帝的陵寢，為炎黃子孫拜祖祭祀的主要場所。中華民族
是炎黃青胄，中國人是炎黃子孫。神農氏族始祖炎帝始生地在薑水，軒轅氏族始祖黃帝始生地在姬水，早在2700多年前的春秋時代就有定論。《國語·晉語》中記載：“黃帝以姬水成，炎帝以薑水成。”薑水在寶雞地區，這在1500多年前的北魏時代，中國古地理學家評道元就明確地寫人《水經註》中。明代天順五年《一統志》記載：“薑水在寶雞縣南。”即今寶雞市區渭河南薑水邊的姜氏城。寶雞市區渭河南有浴聖九竜泉，泉上有唐建神農祠，祠南蒙峪口有常羊山，常羊山有炎帝陵，均在（寶雞市）渭濱區益門鄉（神農鄉）境內，都是衆民百姓祭祀先祖炎帝的場所。炎帝陵主要遊覽建築有：神農門、羊腳亭、炎帝陵大門、炎帝行宮、羊首亭、“神農城池”、“華夏始祖”牌坊、祭壇廣場、炎帝大殿、炎帝塑像、大型彩繪、墓前石階、陵墓等。寶雞民間春節正月11日集會九竜泉祭祀炎帝誕辰；每年 7月7日集會天台山祭奠炎帝死葬。近年來，海內外同胞多次成批來寶雞薑水流域薑城堡、九竜泉、天台山尋根拜祖，但祠毀陵圮失修。作為神農故鄉的炎黃子孫 ——寶雞人深感內疚。為此渭濱區益門鄉政府先後邀請專傢學者與研究寶雞方志的同志，進行實地考察，結合史志文獻記載論證．市政府、政協以及地處蒙峪溝口常羊山下的寶雞橋梁廠領導，决心在神農氏族始祖炎帝的出生、創業與喪葬之處重修神農祠和炎帝陵，為炎黃子孫拜祖謁陵祭奠先祖炎帝修建場所。弘揚民族文化，功垂中華歷史。炎帝陵劃分陵前區、祭祖區、墓塚三個部分。陵前區：薑城堡處有一古式重檐牌坊，上書：“炎帝故裏”四字。堡東“浴聖九竜泉”上有沐浴殿和九竜亭。清薑路北段十字路口有座石質華表牌坊，上書“神農之鄉”四字。清薑路中段十字路口又有一座古式牌坊，上書“人傑地靈”四字。寶雞橋梁廠門前天台山入口處的蒙峪，坐東面西有座跨路古建築“神農門”牌坊。過神農門經橋梁廠傢屬區，嚮南即為常羊山炎帝陵，有盤山公路直達陵殿；另有直登陵殿的石階。祭祀區：“炎帝陵”所在的常羊山，距寶雞市南約5公裏。進入山門，有百米臺階，謁陵人可拾級登陵臺，陵臺處有牌坊、山門。門外竪立着一塊石碑，上刻“常羊山”三個大字，是西安著名書法傢吳三大的手跡。常羊山風光宜人，溝底終年流淌着清冽的山泉小溪，也流淌着永遠訴說不完的美麗傳說，炎帝神農就誕生在這塊美麗的土地上。步入炎帝廟的大門，左廂房裏展出着炎帝的生平及傳說故事，右廂房的墻壁上懸挂着各界人士的題詞。東西兩側設有中國農業展覽館和中醫中藥史展覽館。修建炎帝陵及祭奠炎帝活動的生動場面可以通過電視錄相展示在人們眼前。院子的正面是大殿，殿前是可容納千人的祭祀廣場。大殿面5間，左右兩邊的大紅柱子上是西安著名書法傢茹桂書寫的對聯：“創始定有人千載岐黃崇炎帝 ”，“流傳安無據八方稼穡念神農”。正面門額上是“炎帝大殿”四個大字。殿堂正中央是炎帝的大型塑像，殿內燈火輝煌，香火不斷，宏亮的鐘聲悠揚悅耳，回蕩整個山𠔌…… 祭祖區內還修建薑炎聖母宮和神農閣。西山腰有百草堂、藥王洞建築，既是研究中醫中藥的場所，又可以為群衆看病。陵墓區：穿過殿堂往南，便是一條筆直的通往後山頂的小道。炎帝陵就在這後山頂上。人們迫不及待地登上陡峭的、層層相疊的臺階，直至登上第999個臺階，纔算終於到達常羊山的中峰頂。這是個龐大的圓形陵墓，墓塚周圍用青石砌築，墓碑上刻有“炎帝陵”四字。四周鬆柏成林。墓前通道兩邊為歷代帝王塑像，陵傢後為頌揚炎帝功德的詩詞、楹聯和繪畫作品的碑林。陵墓東連天台山風景名勝區，北隔蒙峪河與諸葛山相望，南邊鬆柏成林，越林梢可遠眺高聳人云的秦嶺大散關，嚮西俯視清波滾滾的薑水，薑水縈繞姜氏城北流人渭河。陵墓整體以山取勢，古建成群，三面凌空，給人以雄偉、神聖、肅穆、古雅、幽靜的感覺。“國之大事，在祀與戒。”“蓋古聖之功德，惟帝最大。故後世之報享，帷帝最隆。”作為農業、醫藥和市場的創始者，炎帝神農氏在歷代祀典中，一直居於崇高的地位。海外僑胞、港澳同胞和大陸各界人士紛紛來炎帝陵祭祖拜謁。這裏有江澤民、李鵬、趙樸初、周培源、周𠔌城、楊靜仁、張愛萍、王首道、錢偉長、江華、王任重、耿飈、張平化、嚴濟慈、蕭剋、羅青長、屈武等人的題字、題詞，也有社會各界人士留下的墨寶。
炎帝行宮
炎帝行宮是一處重要的炎帝遺存，位於山西省高平市東北14.5公裏的故關村。
該宮建於村中偏南，創建年代不詳，至遲在明代已有。坐北面南，單進院。現有正殿、午臺、聖賢殿等。正殿三間，進深六椽，前殿懸山頂。院內現存，明、清碑四通。
據明成化十一年（1475年）“重修炎帝行宮碑”記載：“神農炎帝行宮磐基在故關裏村前，肇基太古，無文考驗，祠在換馬村東南，現存墳塚，木欄繞護，然祠與宮相去幾百餘步也。”
炎帝文化
炎帝文化是傳承幾千年的中華民族文化之源，是凝聚全世界炎黃子孫的民族之魂，更是激勵華夏兒女不屈不撓、頑強拼搏、創新奉獻的精神之光。
我們中華民族歷史悠久，源遠流長。炎帝神農氏與黃帝軒轅氏以各自的偉大歷史功績，均被尊為中華民族的人文始祖，受到普天下炎黃子孫的世代崇敬。
據《周易》、《管子》等先秦文獻的有關記載，以及長江流域包括湖南多處發掘考證的距今七千至九千年的古文化遺存表明，炎帝是中華農耕文明的創始者。相傳炎帝始種五穀以為民食，製作耒耜以利耕耘，遍嘗百草以醫民恙，治麻為布以禦民寒，陶冶器物以儲民用，削桐為琴為怡民情，日中為市以利民生，剡木為矢以安民居，重演八卦以探天象，後在南巡中為民治病採藥，日遇七十毒而不輟，終因誤嘗斷腸草而“崩葬於長沙茶鄉之尾”，即今湖南省株洲市炎陵縣的鹿原陂。炎帝功昭日月，德澤後世。他所開創的原始農耕文明，使先民們改變了茹毛飲血、以漁獵和採集野果為全部生活來源的狀態，開始走上創造性的社會，可以說是我國歷史上的第一次“緑色革命”。特別是世代流傳的炎帝率領衆先民鏖戰洪荒的艱苦創業精神，自強不息的開拓創新精神，厚德載物的民族團结精神，更是中華民族自尊、自立、自信、自強精神産生的源頭和典範。
炎帝在神農時代開創了豐富多彩的原始物質文明和精神文明，由此而形成的炎帝文化與黃帝文化融合為炎黃文化，是中華文化的源頭。炎黃文化博大精深，綿延不衰，培育了一代又一代中華兒女，激勵着一代又一代炎黃子孫為中華民族的崛起而奮鬥不息，為我國的社會進步和人類文明的發展作出了卓越的貢獻。海內外炎黃子孫都有着對自己偉大民族和共同祖先的認同感和自豪感，炎黃文化已成為維係海內外炎黃子孫愛國情結的巨大精神力量。
2001年10月，中華炎黃文化研究會、炎帝陵基金會和株洲市人民政府在北京聯合舉辦了“炎帝文化與21世紀中國社會發展”學術研討會。到會的專傢、學者一致認為，人類文化是影響和推進社會進步的重要力量，我們必須高舉鄧小平理論偉大旗幟，貫徹江澤民同志“三個代表”的重要思想，着眼於在本世紀中葉把我國建設成為富強、民主、文明的社會主義現代化國傢的宏偉目標，既大膽藉鑒和吸收外國的有益文化成果，又重視繼承和發揚中華民族的優秀傳統文化，以構建有中國特色社會主義的先進文化。為此，我們要加強對炎帝文化的研究，弘揚炎帝的崇高精神，以增強民族凝聚力和戰鬥力，為加快現代化建設和祖國統一大業的進程、實現中華民族的偉大復興而奮鬥。
全國有3個炎帝陵爭名分
說到黃帝的陵墓，幾乎全球華人都知道位於延安黃陵縣。而與其並為中華始祖的炎帝陵墓卻至少有三處，且在為究竟誰纔是正宗爭論不休。這三處分別是湖南省株洲炎陵縣炎帝陵、陝西省寶雞炎帝陵、山西省高平市炎帝陵。
炎陵縣的支持者認為多處文獻記載“帝崩於此”“崩葬茶鄉之尾”的鹿原陂，此處是炎帝陵正宗；寶雞的支持者認為“炎帝生於斯長於斯老於斯”，是炎帝陵的惟一正選之地；高平縣（現高平市）志記載的似乎衹能說明炎帝曾巡遊至此，多少有些名不正言不順，在爭論中幾乎無法與前兩處抗爭。
華夏始祖炎帝神農的誕生地——烈山，坐落在湖北省隨州市曾都區厲山鎮九竜山南麓。烈山岡巒起伏，樹木蔥蘢，峭岩幽𠔌，清泉古洞，構成一幅風光旖旎、雄偉壯觀的山水畫捲。烈山擁有九嶺，九嶺拱成烈山。九烈山嶺由南嚮北依次為：鑽斷山、耕耘山、百草山、五帝山、三皇山、葫蘆山、洞天山、登天山、壽星山。它們沿竜脈河一字兒排開，如九竜捧聖，奉侍着神農故裏。
古神農洞位於九竜山腰。為明朝萬歷年間隨州知州楊存愚立；神農宮為三進四層宮殿式建築，集中華五千年文化精粹於一宮。相傳炎帝神農遍嘗百草，為民治病；發明農具，教人使用；培育五穀，助民衆溫飽。後來，他與黃帝聯合打敗蚩尤，成為中華民族的共同始祖，中華民族因而又稱炎黃子孫。
《湖北通志》載：“神農氏起烈山，為烈山氏，今隨厲鄉是也。”烈山又名厲山，因又作厲山氏。在炎帝神農烈山名勝區內，建有炎帝神農洞、炎帝神農碑、炎帝神農紀念廣場、炎帝神農紀念館、炎帝神農牌坊等紀念性建築物。景觀有薑河新潮、九嶺晴嵐、煙寺晚鐘、山村夕照、古洞青雪、斷岩縮霧、竜鳳旗桿等，因材藉景，秀麗非凡。幾千年來，每逢炎帝生辰祭日，世界各地數以萬計的群衆前來烈山敬奉炎帝神農，緬懷華夏始祖，烈山已成為海內外炎黃子孫尋根問祖的聖地。
神農洞位於湖北省隨州厲山鎮九竜山南麓。史書記載“神農母安登，感農而生炎帝”於此。在炎帝神農烈山名勝區內，建有炎帝神農洞、炎帝神農碑、炎帝神農紀念廣場、炎帝神農紀念館、炎帝神農牌坊等紀念性建築物。炎帝神農烈山名勝區，興建修復炎帝神農殿、烈山大宗祠、聖賢殿、功德殿、神農廟、安登泉、百草園、觀天壇、神農九井等景點。景觀有薑河新潮、九嶺晴嵐、煙寺晚鐘、山村夕照、古洞青雪、斷岩縮霧、竜鳳旗桿等，因材藉景，秀麗非凡。
傳神農氏誕生於此，故名。《湖北通志》載：“神農氏起烈山，為烈山氏，今隨歷多是也。”烈山又名歷山，因又作歷山氏。神農氏為傳說中農業和醫藥的發明者。用木製作耒、耗，教民農業生産，給人治病，跋山涉水，不辭辛苦，遍嘗百藥。此“山高一裏，下有一穴”，即其誕生所在。昔日穴口上建有神農廟，內塑其像，常年祀之。後屢修屢毀，僅存神農洞。洞口“方一步”，洞內可“容數人立”，壁石凝蒼顯緑，極具古色。神農洞外，奇峰絶壑，翠屏壁立，山花爛漫，風景如畫。現已闢為旅遊區。
Yan Emperor, the legendary leader of ancient tribes during the surname Jiang, also known as Chidi, strong mountain's, one said that Shen Nong (or Shen Nong's descendants). According to legend, women mother board, day trips Huayang was Dragon Rao Shen, induction of pregnancy, gave birth to Yandi. Legend of Emperor Yan's first personal cattle, horned head. Yan was born in strong rocks room, longer than the ginger water, holiness, to fire German king, No. Yan so. Yan few and intelligent, could speak for three days, five days to walk, three things to know with farming. His life for the people to do many good things: to teach the people farming, people can eat enough clothes Feng; to allow people suffering from maladies, he tasted a variety of medicinal herbs, so that their day in the 70 th drug. He also made musical instruments, so that people understand the etiquette, praiseworthy for future generations. The initial activities of its tribe in this region of southern Shaanxi Province, and later development east along the Yellow River, and the Yellow Emperor conflict. Spring in the Battle of Osaka, the Yellow Emperor Yan was defeated, Yandi and Huangdi tribe tribes merged to form the Huaxia, today the Chinese people call themselves "descendants of Yan and Huang." Now supports the other historians claim that the Yellow Emperor of the Yellow River, Taishan west, Yan events in the lower Yellow River, east of Mount Tai, the two tribes to compete for dominance in the spring that is Zhuolu Osaka (both are located in the this Zhuolu County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province) decisive battle, defeat the Yellow Emperor and Yan Emperor in exile in the South (later recalled), creating a situation of Chinese unification.
Yan surname Jiang. According to legend, he was head of a cow, probably is a totem of the clan head of cattle. Initially, the clan activity in Weihe River Basin, said other activities at the Surabaya River (Yellow River
Yan Huang Union expanding, submission of the tribes more and more, but Chi has always refused to accept an inevitable war. Chi led textual criticism, and the Union war on Argumentation (Argumentation this village in Hebei Province), is the legend of the times for the second war, known as the War, the so-called Zhuolu Central Plains, the source for this. Finally defeated Chi You. From then on it with the Yellow Emperor Kang clan settled down in the Central Plains. "Chinese people" the word, was one of the Chinese civilization started Zu Yandi and Huangdi's back and enshrined.
What is the relationship Shennong and Yan in the end? Both are the same people? On the relationship between Yan and Shen Nong, academia has long formed a view diametrically opposed factions: one group that is the Shen Nong Yan. This school's point of view is to prevail, be regarded as mainstream, such as Hunan Yandi Ling Shen Nong memorial is to come as the Yan Emperor worship, so the memorial will have the theme Yan tasted a hundred herbs. The other view holds that the two systems of Emperor Yan and Shen Nong who has nothing to do, it can not be the same person.
Ancient historical records on the Shen Nong generation is this: Rustic rule has undergone 70 generations, (some say 17 generations) to the time before the rise of the Yellow Emperor tribes waned. There is a problem in front of forgotten shows the need to state that the era of Shen Nong Shennong previously included, such as Fu Xi, Nu Wa, Shen Nong this title but for a tribe or tribal leaders of several generations of collectively, rather than only call on the monarch. But later scholars tend to produce differences, such as historical records of the ancient Shu State, many people think that is teal silk and fish from two generations of ancient Shu king, but in practice, and Yufu silkworm but from two separate for several hundred years of ancient Shu Kingdom, every dynasty has a dozen generations. ("Historical Records. Wudi," also mentioned: the rise of the Yellow Emperor, when, exactly, "Shen Nong Shi decline," Huang Di and Yan Di Osaka spring in the wild fight. Please note that this "world" word.) This is why V Xi, F Wa, Shen Nong's rule is often as high as several hundred or even thousands of reasons. I, calculated according to three decades, then the reign of Shen Nong about two thousand years (if it is 17 generations is about five years) age of the Yellow Emperor, in about five years ago before this last push two years, about Rustic rule can be inferred began about seven years ago before.
【Chinese Name】: the War
【Event Description】: Chi Huang Di and Yan Di Union attack
"War" broke out, coincides with the fog and high winds heavy rain, it is very suitable for wet environments from the East Chi clan launched military action. So The initial phase of operations for the Yellow Emperor Yu Qing weather is not conducive to family circumstances, had lost nine games and nine (9 is an imaginary number, describe the number of times as much). However, before long, rainy season in the past, the weather cleared, which gives the Yellow Emperor family provides an important opportunity to turn the tables. Huangdi people grasp the fighters, in Xuannv family support, the momentum to launch a counterattack Chi family. The use of special favorable weather conditions - wind comes up, dust storms or blowing horns, hit Pigu, by Chi family Tribes confusion, shock and awe of the occasion, to guide the direction of the car, drive the public to the Chi clan attack, finally beat the enemy, and in the wild Jizhou (ie Jizhou, this Hebei) Qinsha its chief Chi. The War on the way to the victory of the Yellow Emperor family ended. After the war, the Yellow Emperor Family exploit a victory east, has arrived into the vicinity of Mount Tai, where held a "closed Taishan" Seogui triumph only after the ceremony. At the same time, "Bird Sima life less Hao honest teacher", that can Dongyi select a name attached to a small minority of the clan heads of the Qing Hao Jiu Yi Department continued to guide the people, and forced Dongyi each with its own China Group Results for the alliance.
【Time】 occurred: the Yellow Emperor period (26th century BC)
Battle of Osaka Izumi
China formed
Osaka Izumi is the Yellow Emperor and Yan Emperor Battle for the battle between the Alliance leaders to conduct tribal wars, the defeat of Emperor Yan family, into the family of the Yellow Emperor, China gradually. Yellow Emperor was defeated in the War of the Dongyi Group 9 leader Li Chi, the force to the territory of today's Shandong Province, China to an unprecedented expansion of the Group. It contains Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou are the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, after thousands of years of historical development, China's position in Chinese history will be gradually established.
"Ban Gu number," said Shen Nong should be under the day of, subdivision of the profits, created to strokes and other agricultural implements, Christian farming, so that people get great benefits, so No. Shennong. "Department of the World chapter of the Emperor" is the first to pull together Yan and Shen Nong said "about Yan," Yan said that the Shen Nong, No. Yan body, Shen Nong code. Han Gao You, "book of the time the training," said Chidi Chidi again when combined with the Shen Nong, said Chidi that Yan, the son of a small code, number Shen Nong, southern Germany, the Emperor of the fire. "Zuo Zhuan", the "national language" and "Book of Rites" has been referred to Hill's strong will to sow 100 Valley 100 vegetables. Han Zheng Xuan Note "Book of Rites," and three Wei Zhao Note the "national language", said Hill's strong as the Yan Emperor. "River Systems" Volume 12 and again strongly Hill's Rustic phase and that the wrong water southwest through the Li Xiangnan, water south of hills, is the strong mountain, hill, a cave, are said to Shen Nong birth Department Therefore, "Book of Rites," said Hill's Rustic was strong. And the strong (Li, column) the origin of Hill's title, there are two said. "Road History" that the original word as a column Horeb mountain or Li Shan, as Shennong "Zhao track" in the column mountains, so in order to column mountains, vigorous mountain clan. Liu Cheng Huai "China Myth" is that the man of God Emperor Yan, set fire to the mountain is very violent, and are thus strongly Hill's.
Yan's contribution
Second, building up the city marketplace, the first provision of the market. According to "The Book of Changes • Xi Ci under the" set, Shen Nong, "Japan and China for the city, resulting in the world of people, gather the world of goods, transactions fall back, get what they want." Shen Nong invented in Japan for the city, a barter market is China's currency, the origin and foundation of business development.
5, cut wood for the bow to the world prestige. Shen Nong founded a bow and arrow, to effectively prevent the beast attacks, a powerful blow to the violation of foreign tribes, to defend people's lives and labor.
Yan management tribe, control the world very method. He does not expect his report, not greedy of the world of finance, while the total wealth of the world. Chi you in person, the world and respect for. He German to justice, not reward the Minqin, not fine but right from wrong, unconvinced and fiscal competition between full and no system to make the people from, rather than killing Wei Li, French provincial and not bother, no disrespect to the people wear.
As for the Yan Emperor was born, has no conclusion, in fact, is a deification of Emperor Yan's figure, it represents an ancient man in the struggle with nature to change the nature of the collective wisdom embodied. Today, "Yan" and "Yellow Emperor" as a symbol of China five thousand years of civilization has been included in the annals of world civilization, the Chinese also known as "Chinese people."
Agriculture, including cultivation, harvest reserve, the three major steps in processing food. Before the advent of agriculture in the original collection fishing and hunting in early times, harvest reserves and consumption are two completely separate processes, people collect and reserves are not always the food, people eat what are often taken and eaten, not must be something the previous Reserve, reserves of food and people are often not plant seeds. With the emergence of pottery, people only have a safe and effective storage methods, and thus the long-term reserves of food and water, and food reserves to the acquisition of two independent process closely together. Only in this case, it will form a large demand for access to plant seeds. Original planting began in the use of gourds for drinking water apparatus Fu Xi times, people are first planted gourd, gourd in the planting process, it has accumulated rich cultivation techniques. To Nu Wa's age is age pottery, planting techniques and the demand for seeds of plants, once combined with the emergence of agriculture was also ready to come out. In fact, when people start planting gourd, not necessarily because of demand growing gourd think, is likely to be children and play out of love began planting gourd. There are three reasons: First, children have a lot of free time to take care of, protect and manage their "work" results; Second, a large white gourd seed particles, is very popular; third is large and easy gourd seed particles seeding operation. There are many parts of our country folk custom of fasting gourd seeds, big people use "to eat gourd seed packet, president of teeth" to the group to frighten children, shows that people's attention and protection gourd seeds, gourd cultivation also implies that the history of old. When our ancestors turned to plant grass planting gourd plant the seeds for food, the primitive agriculture was born.
Buried on the record about Yan, the earliest writing found in Jin Huangfu Mi's "imperial century", Red Emperor, "the reign of 120 years of the collapse, buried in Changsha." Bleeding Luo Song Writing "Road History" on account of more specific: Yan, "The tea-end collapse buried Changsha, It is called Chaling." According to local history, "Ling county" records, the area has been the Western Han Dynasty Tomb, the Western Han Dynasty, Greenwood, Insurrection Army Xing, Geographical Distribution and fear looters to explore, then will be razed to the ground mausoleum. Tang Dynasty, Buddhism, Buddhist temples built before the tomb, it is called "Tangxing Temple", but the front of the tombs, "when there is enshrined."
After the Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty in the past century, the court only worship Yandi Ling's activities, without Youzhao repair Yandi Ling temple records.
Yongzheng 10 year (AD 1733), the magistrate Zhang Jun Devotional using state treasury, published by the Qing dynasty imperial tomb enactment of the ancient temple reconstruction unified format, also referred to Ling Ling Temple, which is the name of the house. This laid the Yandi Ling Temple built the basic shape, forming a "pre-three - courtesy Pavilion - main hall - tombs," the four into the pattern. Ling temple for the whole fake palace, magnificent, ancient architecture reflects the traditions of China.
After the founding of new China, Hunan Yandi Ling is listed as cultural heritage site. New Year's Eve 1954, as pilgrims worship incense candle, ignite hall bunting, accidentally caught fire, resulting in the main hall and bowed Yandi Ling Ting burned. "Cultural Revolution" period, the tomb house and outbuildings were destroyed and heavy, in addition to tombs, all razed to the ground.
Yan Temple
Yan Huang blue helmet is the Chinese people are all Chinese. Zu Yandi Shennong family before beginning habitat in the ginger water, Xuan Yuan clan before beginning Zuhuang Di Ji water habitat in the early Spring and Autumn Period 2,700 years ago, there is conclusive. "Mandarin Jin Yu" records: "the Yellow Emperor to Ji water into, Yan with ginger water into." Ginger water in Baoji, which 1500 years ago, the Northern Wei dynasty, ancient Chinese geographers comments Road yuan to clearly write "water from Note "in the. Ming Tian Shun five years, "Yi Tong Zhi" record: "ginger water in Baoji County South." Baoji term of the present water's edge of the Chiang Wei-Kang City, Henan Province. Baoji Weihe have nine holy bath Longquan, Quan Tang Jian Shen Nong Temple there, there is often Yangshan Meiyukou Temple nammon, often Yangshan have Yandi Ling, are in the (Baoji City) Weibin yimen township (Shen Nong Township) territory, the people are the people worship the first place Zu Yandi. Yandi Ling major tour construction are: Shen Nong door, sheep foot pavilion, Yandi Ling door, Yan palace, sheep, the first pavilion, "Shen Nong city", "Chinese ancestor," the arch, altar Square, Yan Basilica, the statue of Emperor Yan, large painting, the tomb stone order, tombs and so on. Baoji civil Spring Festival gathering nine first month on the 11th birthday of Emperor Yan Longquan worship; annual meeting on July 7 Tiantai Mountain Festivals Yan after death. In recent years, several compatriots at home and abroad come to bulk water basin Baoji ginger ginger Castle, 9 Longquan, Tiantai roots Baizu, but the Temple destroyed tomb destroyed disrepair. Shen Nong Chinese people as a homeland - Baoji people feel guilty. This Weibin yimen township government has invited experts and scholars and research Baoji Chronicles of comrades, field trips, combined Chronicles documented proof. Municipal government, the CPPCC and often located in Yangshan port Mongolia Dayugou Baoji Bridge Works under the leadership and determination in the beginning of Zu Yandi Shennong birth family, the funeral business and rebuilt between Temple and Yandi Ling Shen Nong, and pay homage to their ancestors for the Chinese people Baizuyeling Yan construction sites. National culture, Chinese history and vertical power. Yandi Ling Ling anterior division, ancestral areas, the mass graves of three parts. Ling former District: Ginger Castle Department has an antique double eaves and the arch, a letter: "Yandi native place," four words. Fort East "Bath St. 9 Longquan" There is temple and bathing pavilion, Kowloon. Qing Jiang North Section intersection with Block, China stone arch form, a letter, "Shen Nong village" four words. Qing Jiang Road intersection there an old-style middle of the arch, a letter to "old times" four words. Baoji Bridge Factory Tiantai Mountain in front of the entrance to the Mongolian valley, take the east west cross road of ancient buildings, Block "Shen Nong's Gate" arch. Shen Nong door manufacturers through an area by the bridge, the south shall always Yangshan Yandi Ling, a winding mountain road directly Ling temple; another house of stone steps Naoto tomb. Sacrifice Zone: "Yandi Ling," where often Yangshan, from about 5 km south of Baoji City. Into the gate, there are 100 m level, Ye Ling Tang Ling Taiwan may gradually fall; hence, Ling Taiwan Department has the arch, gate. Door erected a stone tablet inscribed "often Yangshan" three characters, is a famous calligrapher Wu Xian three of the handwriting. Yangshan often pleasant scenery, year-round flowing ditch Qinglie the spring stream, but also never tell endless flowing legend of Emperor Yan was born in this beautiful land. The door into the Temple of Emperor Yan, Zuo Xiang room display with Yan's life and legends, the right wing of all walks of life hanging on the wall inscription. East and west sides with China Agricultural Exhibition Hall and Exhibition Gallery, the history of Chinese medicine. Yan Emperor Yandi Ling and memorial activities in the construction of the vivid scenes video through the TV show in people's eyes. The front yard is the main hall, before the house is square to accommodate thousands of worship. Basilica surface 5, left and right sides of the red column is the famous calligrapher Ru Gui Xian couplet written: "It was a founding set Qi Huang Chong Yandi Thousand Leagues", "Spread peace without, according to Nian Shen Nong P Plus with farming." Front door is the amount of "Yan hall", describe. The middle is a large temple statue of Emperor Yan, hall lit, incense constantly, the bell loud and melodious music, echoed throughout the valley ... ... worship in the region also built Jiang Yan Shen Nong Court Palace and Notre Dame. Cottage waist with 100 in Xishan, Yao Wang hole construction, both the place of traditional Chinese medicine, but also medical treatment for the masses. Tomb area: south through the hall, is a straight path leading to the summit after. Yandi Ling on top of the hill in this post. People wait to board a steep, stacked layers of the steps, until the board the first 999 steps to be considered finally reached the peak usually in Yangshan's. This is a huge circular tomb, with bluestone masonry around the mass graves, tombstones engraved with "Yandi Ling" four words. Surrounded by pine and cypress forest. Channel on both sides of the emperors tomb statue, after family tomb of Emperor Yan merit praise poems, couplets and paintings of the forest of steles. Tiantai tomb scenic area east, north across the sea Mongolia Wenyuhe and Zhuge Hill, south of Pine forest, overlooking the more Linshao towering cloud of Qinling Mountains were scattered off the west overlooking the rolling Qingbo ginger water, ginger water Chiang Wei River north of the city linger inflow. Tomb as a whole to take the situation mountains, ancient architecture in groups on three sides volley, gives a grand, sacred, solemn, quaint, quiet feeling. "Affairs of state with the ring in worship." "Cover Gusheng of merit, but the greatest emperor. So future generations to enjoy the newspaper, hangings most lung Emperor." As agriculture, medicine and the founder of the market, about Yan Religion in the ancient China has been living in high status. Overseas Chinese, Hong Kong, Macao and mainland China have all walks of life paid homage to Yandi Ling ancestors. There Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, Zhao Puchu, Zhou Pei-Yuan, Zhou Gucheng, Yang Jingren, Zhang Aiping, Wang's first Road, chang, v. to Wang Renzhong, Geng Biao, Zhang Ping of, Yanjici, Xiao Ke, Luo Qing Long, Qu Wu et inscription , inscription, also left the community calligraphy.
Yan palace
According to Ming Chenghua 10 year (1475), "Yan palace rebuilt landmark" record: "Shen Nong palace Paragon Village at it off before, Jau-Ji Swire, no paper test, Temple Village in swapping the southeast, the existing graves, Mulan wound care, however much difference a few hundred Yubu Temple and the Palace also. "
The Chinese nation has a long history back to ancient times. And the Yellow Emperor Huangdi about Yan's to their great historical achievements are revered as the human ancestor of the Chinese nation, generation by the Chinese people respect the earth.
According to "The Book of Changes", "pipe" and other pre-Qin literature relevant records, and many find the Yangtze River Basin, including Hunan, 7000-9 years ago to verify the ancient cultural relics that Yan is the founder of the Chinese agricultural civilization. According to legend, the beginning kind of grain to the people Yan food production Leisi to facilitate cultivation, Bianchang hundred herbs to Medicine Man ailments, governance hemp cloth to imperial China for the cold, mold storage civilian objects to be cut as Yee Tong feelings for the piano, Japan and the City benefit of the residents, quiet residential wood arrows with safety, repeat gossip to explore astronomical phenomena, after the herbs to treat the people in the southern tour in Japan have never stopped poisoning case of 70, the end result of mistake to try Ussuriensis Maxim and "collapse buried in Changsha The tea-tail "term of the present deer Yanling County, Hunan Province original reservoir. Yan Gong unquestionable, Deese later. He created the original farming civilization, so that ancestors changed Rumaoyinxue to hunting and fishing and gathering wild fruits as the source of all life, the state embarked on the creative community can be said that the first time in our history "green revolution." Especially the younger generations of ancestors fierce battle prehistoric Yan led the congregation in the spirit of hard work, self-improvement of the pioneering and innovative spirit, social commitment of the national spirit of unity is the Chinese self-esteem, self-reliance, self-confidence, self-generated sources and model of the spirit.
Yanling's supporters believe that many documented "Dibeng this" "The collapse buried in tea-tail" of the deer of the original Pei, here is the Yandi Ling authentic; Baoji supporters that "Yan was born in the old Williams "is Yandi Ling is the only land of the election; high Jinping County (now Gaoping) is recorded, seems to only show that Yan had parade this point, the number of some name is not correct is starting, in the debate almost impossible to fight with the former two .
"Hubei Annals" contains: "Shen Nong from Horeb, the mountain's strong, this village is also with Li." Horeb, also known as Li Shan, as also for the Lishan Shi. Shennong Horeb attractions in the area, built Shennong hole monument of Emperor Yan, Yan Emperor Shen Nong Memorial Square, Memorial of Emperor Yan, Yan Emperor Shen Nong arch and other monuments. Jiang river landscape fashion, 9 Ling Qing Lan, smoke temple bells in the evening, village sunset, Kwu Tung Ching snow, fog reduced off rock, dragon flag, etc., because of material through the landscape, extraordinary beauty. For thousands of years, whenever Yan birthday memorial day, tens of thousands of people around the world come to worship Horeb Shennong, cherish the memory of Chinese ancestor, strong domestic and overseas Chinese people Xungenwenzu mountain has become the Holy Land.