| 字： | 佛狸 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 网笔号： | 太武皇帝 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 庙号： | 世祖 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 陵墓： | 云中金陵 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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马踏柔然 统一北方
北魏太武帝拓跋焘铁骑峥嵘的一生
魏国人的评价:“世祖聪明雄断，威豪杰立，藉二世之资，奋征伐之气，遂戎轩四出，周旋险夷。扫统万，平秦陇，翦辽海，荡河源，南夷荷担，北蠕削迹，廓定四表，混一戎华，其为功也大矣。遂使有魏之业，光迈百王，岂非神睿经纶，事当命世？”
宋国人的评价：“佛狸篡伪，弥煽雄威，英图武略，事驾前古，虽冒顿之鸷勇，檀石之骁强，亦不能及也。西吞河右，东举龙碣，总括戎荒，地兼万里，连骑百万。”
太武帝综述
北魏第三位皇帝（423年—452年在位），北魏明元帝拓跋嗣的长子，享年44岁。
军事家，优秀的骑兵统帅。字佛狸，鲜卑族拓跋部人。北魏泰常八年 (423)十一月即皇帝位。他重用汉世家大族崔浩等为谋臣，把握作战时机。他非常善于使用骑兵，并且开创了骑兵闪击战的雏形。他从即位之初，便整治吏治，励精图治，先后攻灭北燕、北凉，讨山胡，降鄯善，逐吐谷浑，取南朝刘宋的虎牢（今河南荥阳汜水镇）、滑台（今河南滑县东）等地，统一了中国北方。兵伐漠北高原，大破柔然，后者成为威震欧洲的阿尔瓦人。在历次战争中，常亲自率军出征，决策果断，部署周密，讲究战法，指挥灵活。或分道并进，轻骑奔袭，或诱敌出城，设伏围歼，因而多获胜利。始光四年 (427)，魏军攻夏都统万城（今内蒙古乌审旗西南）时，拓跋焘将主力埋伏在山谷中，以少量骑兵直抵城下，故意示弱，诱固守之夏军脱离坚城，当夏军出城追逐时，又采纳崔浩分兵潜出袭其后之计，果获全胜（参见百科：北魏攻夏统万城之战）。他率领北魏军队讨伐大漠部落——柔然。尤其是在429年，他对柔然作战中取得了最辉煌的一次战果。从此，北魏在继汉武帝破匈奴之后，中原王朝对草原部落作战又一次取得了重大的军事胜利（参见百科：北魏破柔然之战）他常从卒伍中选拔将才，用其所长。治军严格，赏不遗贱，罚不避贵。他在生活中，朴素节俭，威武豪迈，刚毅自律，直爽坦率，喜欢听取古弼，高允等忠臣们直言不讳的进谏，但是在晚年却刑罚过于残酷，诛戮过多。在位29年，正平二年三月被宦官宗爱（时任中常侍）暗杀。
统一北方
427年，他率军攻赫连夏，发生了非常著名的北魏攻夏统万城之战，这是一场空前的“骑兵攻城”的战例，备受后世的军事家们所推崇。
太武帝生活也十分清俭，讨厌奢华。在进入统万城之后，拓跋焘见夏国皇宫富丽堂皇，大发雷霆：“竖子之国，竟敢如此滥用民力！怎能不灭亡！” 后来，群臣进谏，希望太武帝能够重修统万城，并装饰北魏宫殿。拓跋焘不以为然，说：“古人说得好：‘在德不在险。’赫连勃勃造了那么坚固无比的统万城，最后不还是被朕攻灭，国破家亡。如今天下还没有平定，朕更需要人力上战场去da仗，而不是发动老百姓去建造房屋城墙。”而作为国本的军事上的开销，拓跋焘则绝不吝惜。
至此，拓跋焘已经打败了当时中原之地的最大劲敌。之后，他又讨灭山胡，降伏鄯善，向西远逐吐谷浑。公元431年，夏国灭亡。公元436年，北燕灭亡。
公元439年，拓跋焘进军北凉都城姑藏，北凉灭亡。从而结束了从八王之乱起，将近一百五十年的北方混战的局面，统一了中国北方，至此，使中原老百姓的生活得以安定下来。
马踏柔然
在向东西扩张的同时，北魏也受到北方柔然的威胁。拓跋焘十二岁便远赴河套保卫长城抗击柔然的入侵，把边塞军务整顿的有声有色。
始光元年（公元 424年）八月，太武帝拓跋焘（公元 408—452年）即位不久，柔然牟汗纥升盖可汗大檀率 6万骑兵进犯云中（今内蒙古和林格尔），拓跋焘率军赴击，被柔然军团包围50余圈。左右大惧，但见拓跋焘声色刚毅威严，不为所动，军心这才稳定下来。北魏射杀柔然大将，柔然乃退。
公元425年，因为战事刚刚过去不久，双方都在休整部队，拓跋焘于是放弃了全面的休整，突袭柔然，大破柔然军队主力。从此，拉开了北魏对柔然的战略大反攻的序幕。
从光始元年(424年)，至太平真君十午(449年)25年间，多次车驾亲征，深入漠北，终于使柔然“怖成北窜，不敢复南”，“边疆息警矣”。
拓跋焘13次率军进攻柔然。尤其是429年，拓跋焘分兵两路，取道黑山（今内蒙古和林格尔西北）和大娥山，大举攻打柔然。东路由拓跋焘亲自率领轻骑军长途奔袭，出奇制胜，很快就抵达栗水（今蒙古西北翁金河）。柔然的军民个个吓得大惊失色，拓跋焘领军纵深穿插，俘虏敌军甚众。自此，柔然势力削弱，为稳定北方创造了有利条件。柔然可汗远遁，北方边塞得以安静。
他深入漠北，终于使柔然“怖成北窜，不敢复南”，“边疆息警矣”。
于是拓跋焘又击溃高句丽、柔然附属部落，扩地千余里。
以下是从专家论文——北魏的北边防务与柔然的征战关系中，抄过来的
道武帝时代 柔然入寇 2 北魏还击 3 柔然朝贡0 柔然诈降 1
明元帝时代 蠕蠕入寇 3 北魏还击 4 蠕蠕朝贡 0 柔然诈降 1
太武帝时代 蠕蠕入寇 4 北魏还击 13 蠕蠕朝贡 6 蠕蠕诈降 4
文成帝时代 蠕蠕入寇 0 北魏还击 3 蠕蠕朝贡 0 蠕蠕诈降 1
在北魏诸多帝王中,惟有拓跋焘对柔然取得了军事上的巨大胜利.柔然也从此一蹶不振了.柔然由于在北魏太武帝时期损失颇重,便走向衰落了.北魏分裂之时,柔然又小牛了一把,不过由于它早已实力不济,很快便分崩离析了.
击败南朝
430年，南朝的刘宋皇帝刘义隆北伐，北魏将士王慧龙、韩延之、司马休之等人率军顽强抵抗，击退了刘宋。
450年，宋文帝急于求功，听不进老臣宿将的意见，轻启兵端。在进军初其的时候很顺利。但是到了十月，反而招致北魏拓跋焘大举南下反攻：
10月末：“冬十月癸亥，车驾（拓跋焘）止枋头。（拓跋焘）诏殿中尚书长孙真率骑五千自石济渡，备玄谟遁走。乙丑，车驾济河。玄谟大惧，弃军而走。众各溃散，追蹑斩首万余级。器械山积。帝遂至东平。萧斌之弃济州，退保历城。（拓跋焘）乃命诸将分道并进：使征西大将军、永昌王仁（拓跋仁）自洛阳出寿春，尚书长孙真（长孙翰的儿子）趋马头，楚王建（拓跋建）趋钟离，高凉王那（拓跋那）自青州趋下邳。”
11月：“刘义隆鲁郡太守崔邪利率属城降。使使者以太牢祀孔子。壬子，次于彭城，遂趋盱眙。”
12月：“刘义隆将军胡崇之等率众二万援盱眙。燕王谭（拓跋谭）大破之，枭崇之等，斩首万余级，淮南皆降。是月，永昌王仁（拓跋仁）攻悬瓠，拔之，获义隆守将赵淮，送京师斩之。过定项城，及淮西，大破刘义隆将刘康祖，斩之，并俘虏将军胡盛之、王罗汉等，传致行宫。癸未，车驾（拓跋焘）临江，起行宫于瓜步山。永昌王仁（拓跋仁）自历阳至于江西，高凉王那（拓跋那）自山阳至于广陵，诸军皆同日临江，所过城邑，莫不望尘奔溃，其降者不可胜数。”
至此，拓跋焘实现了“饮马长江”的志愿，而刘义隆只落得“仓皇北顾”。拓跋焘五路远征军直达长江北岸，其中，拓跋焘亲自率领的北魏主力兵抵瓜步山(今江苏六合东南)，与刘宋首都隔江相望，使得南朝大为震动。其他各路也先后到达江淮一带。但魏军还不具备渡江灭亡南朝的条件，并且北方人不习惯南方气候，军中士卒多染病，魏军在江边掠民烧屋后退军。
不过他在对宋的战争中，虽然大胜，但使军民疲惫，并且远征也消耗了较多的财力物力，将士染病，尽管相对于南朝来说，北朝的各项损失是非常少的，但是很多优秀将士在回到北朝之后，重病不起，使得“国人怨恨”。
450年，失败后的刘宋不仅输掉了战争。也输掉了苦苦积累的小康盛世。也输掉了国运。两个年纪相仿（刘义隆比拓跋焘大一岁）的皇帝终于在最终分出了高下。也为后世北强南弱的历史趋势奠定了基础。
太武灭佛
拓跋焘灭佛，在北魏史上是一件大事，在中国封建史上也是很有名的。太延四年，太平真君五年和七年，他三次下诏打击佛教，要全国各地碎佛像、焚佛经、诛杀僧侣。不负担赋税，徭役的僧侣人数膨胀，就会大大减少政府的财政收入；寺、塔、经、像的增多，是社会人力，物力的极大浪费。这与拓跋焘大力提倡发展生产、节约开支，增加物质财富，保证军国费用的方针政策相抵触。在拓跋焘大力提倡“文教”，要以儒学“一齐政化”、“政齐风俗”的情况下，他认为让“虚诞不经”的“胡人”的佛教广为流传，只会招致“礼义大坏”、“天常大乱”、“王法废而不行”的恶果。因此，拓跋焘要坚决打击佛教，是很自然的了。拓跋焘崇儒灭佛，有利于社会经济的发展，促进了北魏封建化的进程。不过，由于这是历史上第一次的灭佛运动，没有过去的可以借鉴的经验，所以拓跋焘的北魏政府采取的手段过硬，程度有些过于激进，但是这也给以后的反佛斗争以深刻影响和宝贵经验。
太武帝的军歌嘹亮
拓跋焘取得北挫柔然，南败刘宋，消灭中原割据势力的胜利而统一北方，除凭惜其祖父，父亲给创立的基础外，他自己采取了一系列正确的军事、经济、政治措施，更是重要因素。
拓跋焘特别重视军队建设。蒙古大草原的游牧射猎生活，锻炼了鲜卑人健壮的体魄，剽悍的性格和高超的骑射技艺。军队，特别是骑兵，是北魏克敌致胜的重要工具。拓跋焘为了提高军队的战斗力，屡下诏令，申明纪律。他对战争中“尽忠竭节”，“蹈锋履难”的将士，或升官进爵，或赏赐以人口、牲畜及金银、古玩、缯帛等物质；对违犯军纪者，则给予严惩，虽亲贵重臣，也不宽贷。如鲜卑贵族丘堆，明元帝时以军功封侯，拓跋焘时封公。神 元年(428年)，他与司空奚厅奉命率军退出夏国王之弟赫连定时，当他听到奚厅兵败被俘消息，竞弃兵而走。拓跋焘下令将临危脱逃的丘堆斩首。太平真君五年(444年)，中山王辰、内都座大官薛辨、尚书奚眷等八将，“坐击柔然后期，靳于都南”。尚书令刘洁，因矫诏改易讨伐柔然诸将的会期，致“柔然远遁，追之不及”，加之犯受贿等罪，拓跋焘下令“夷其三族”。太平真君八年(447年)，扶风公元处真等八将，在镇压吴盖起义的战争中，“盗没军资，所在掳掠，赃各千万，井斩之”。
拓跋焘很好地使用了其掌握的赏罚之权，整肃了军纪。另外，拓跋焘本人，在战争中身先士卒，冲锋陷阵的英勇精神，对激励将士奋勇杀敌，保证战斗胜利也起了积极作用。如始光四年(427年)，拓跋焘亲率三万轻骑，突击夏国都城统万。他与将士一道，顶着风沙，强忍饥渴，和夏军恶战于统万城外。他曾因马蹶而坠地，上马后仍继续战斗，速杀夏将十余人。后又“身中流矢”，但他仍然“奋击不辍”。由于拓跋焘领导的军队纪律严明，在战斗中又能身先士卒，“是以人思效命，所向无前。”！
拓跋焘赏罚分明，他常挂在嘴边的一句话是：“法者，朕与天下共之，何敢轻也。”拓跋焘成年后，颇识事体，生活十分清俭，讨厌奢华。俭朴耐苦，而赏赐功臣绝无吝惜。
他常从卒伍中选拔将才，用其所长。治军严格，赏不遗贱，罚不避贵，但诛戮过多。
太延五年(439年)，拓跋焘采纳高允“广田积谷”的建议汉，下令“悉除田禁，以赋百姓”。太平真君五年(444年)，他采纳古弼建议，削减上谷苑囿之半为民田。太平真君末年，太子拓跋晃监国，推行有牛和无牛人户换工种田做法，“垦田大为增辟”。农业随着耕田数量扩大而大大增产。始光三年(426年)，拓跋焘诏罢众多的杂营户隶属郡县，增加了纳税人户。另外，拓跋焘屡下“宜宽租赋，与民休息”的诏令。他还奖励“劝农平赋”的守宰，严惩贪官污吏。以上做法，减轻了人民负担，促进了农业生产的发展。
北魏前期，畜牧业在社会经济中仍占重要地位。它是财富和战马的主要来源。畜牧业形势好坏，不仅关系到财政形势，并将直接影响到以骑兵为主力的军队的素质。因此，拓跋焘对畜牧业的发展是十分重视的。神 二年(429年)打败柔然、高车之后，拓跋焘“徙柔然、高车降附之民于漠南，东至濡源，西至五原、阴山，使其耕牧而收其贡赋。……自是魏之民间，马牛羊其毡皮为之价贱。”神 中，“世祖之平统万，定秦陇，以河西水草善，乃以为牧地。畜产滋息，马至二百余万匹，橐驼将半之，牛羊则无数。”这些记载，反映了拓跋焘对畜牧业的重视，及当时畜牧业的繁荣状况。
拓跋焘把节约开支，减少浪费也当作保证军国赞用的重要措施。史载他“性清俭率素，服御饮膳，取给而已，不好珍丽，食不二味，所幸昭仪、贵人，衣不兼彩”。凡“赏赐，皆是死事勋绩之家，亲戚爱宠未曾横有所及。”拓跋焘反对更竣京城，修饰宫殿，反对佛教，严惩贪官污吏，常常是从爱惜民力、物力着眼的。拓跋焘的一系列节约开支作法，无疑对保证军国用费，减轻人民负担起了积极作用。
拓跋焘在执政的实践中，逐渐认识到，要维护和巩固自己的统治，不仅需要武功，而且需要“文教”，即通过宣扬礼、乐、法度来化民。他在神 四年(431年)取得败柔然，降高车、灭夏图的军事胜利后，就提出安“偃武修文”。偃武，他做不到；修文，确实是重视起来了。他尊崇孔子，提倡儒学，大量吸收汉族地主阶级知识分子参政，目的是要用儒家学说统治人民的思想，利用汉族知识分子的知识和经验治国安邦。
拓跋焘即位后，雄心勃勃，南征北战，主要是通过战争手段来解决对立政权间的矛盾。但拓跋焘不是一个鲁莽的武夫，而是—个善于审时度势的有策略思想的政治家，军事家。他在采取战争手段的同时，根据形势，也力争通过通使、贡赐、联姻，缓和与敌对政权间的矛盾，建立友好关系。拓跋焘统治的30年间，北魏和柔然、刘宋、夏，北燕、北凉，互通使节，相互贡赐财物的事实不胜枚举。相互联姻，也不乏其例。如神 元年(428年)，拓跋焘把俘虏的夏国主赫连昌迎至首都平城，不仅供奉丰厚，封爵为王，并以其妹始平公主妻之。在此之前，拓跋焘已纳夏主昌的三个妹妹为贵圮，并立其一妹为皇后。延和二年(433年)，拓跋焘派使臣册封北凉主沮渠牧键为王，并以妹武威公主妻之，纳北凉主之妹为昭仪。延和三年，拓跋焘以海西公主嫁柔然汗吴提，并纳其妹为夫人。太平真君十一年，拓跋焘率军伐宋，直抵瓜步。在胜利形势下，他主动遣使求和、请婚。他以其孙示宋使曰：“吾远来至此，非欲为功名，实欲继好息民，永结缘援。宋若能以女妻此孙，我以女妻武陵王，自今匹马不复南顾。”表示了他要通过联姻，建立友好关系的愿望。当然拓跋焘采用联姻、通使、贡赐等手段的动机，并不是很纯正的。但在战乱年代，即使是短期的和平，对恢复社会生产，减轻人民痛苦都是有好处的。拓跋焘为了完成统一大业，能有效地使用战争和和平手段，足见他是拓跋焘对经济，思想文化建设也很重视。他说：“财者，军国之本”。他懂得物质财富是关系到战争胜负，政权存亡的大事。《魏书》记载：“世祖继位，开拓四海，以五方之民各有其性，故倍其教不改其俗，齐其政不易其宜，纳其方贡以充仓廪，收其货物以实库藏，又于岁时取鸟兽之登于俎用者以牣膳府。”他根据其统治区民族众多，生产方式不一等情况，坚持实行不改变各族人民传统生产方式、生活方式和风俗习惯的政策。既重视汉族人民农业生产，也重视少数民族的畜牧射猎习惯。通过发展农牧业生产，征收人民租调，接受各族朝贡和通过战争掠夺等手段来增加物质财富，保证军国费用。
同时，拓跋焘有着识人之明，仅仅推荐两个故事给大家看
最终归所
拓跋焘晚年脾气暴躁，在晚年的时候，诛戮过多。而他却又常常在杀完人之后后悔莫及。由于刑罚严酷，国内曾经几度政治混乱。
拓跋焘的脾气暴躁，而他却非常重信义，讲感情，有着非常直率的孩子气。历史也是这么巧合，就在太武皇帝北归后，却因为宦官对他的鼓惑而诛杀了太子，之后那宦官由于害怕拓跋焘发现自己的诬陷之罪，便先下手为强。一个东征西讨杀人万计的人，一个柔然万数铁骑围不住、百次战争缶石没犯身的一个天命的皇帝，却很死在了一个名叫宗爱的宦官手中。而在南朝的皇帝刘义隆也很快死在自己的儿子手里。刘宋的国运随着刘义隆的死而衰败。而太武帝所创造的赫赫武功却没有随他的死而没落，他为他的子孙留下了一个强大的国家。他创造了一个时代，一个铁骑峥嵘的时代.一个中国历史上的南北时代。一个尚武的北朝-隋唐时代。
拓跋焘壮大了北魏,结束了一个半世纪的中原混战,从为他的子孙--北魏孝文帝去开展民族融合,拒绝民族歧视的这一活动提供了一个稳定的环境.
Sung people's evaluation: "Buddha raccoon usurp false, Mi incite male prestige, the British strategy for map, driving before the old thing, although the birds of prey Modu Yong, Xiao Qiang Tan stone, and also can not. Sithon river right, the East held Long stone tablet, all in all Rong shortage, land and thousands of miles, even riding a million. "
Military strategist, an excellent cavalry commander. The word Buddha raccoon, the Department of Xianbei Tuoba people. Northern Wei Tai Chang eight (423) November emperor. He re-Hao Han aristocratic families such as policy makers, to grasp the opportunity operations. He is very good at using the cavalry, and cavalry blitzkrieg created a prototype. He ascended the throne at the beginning, is teaching political corruption, good governance, has Gongmie Northern Yan, Northern Liang, Hu discuss mountain, descending Shanshan, by Tuyuhun, take Southern Liu Song of Hulao (today Xingyang sishui town), slide (now in Henan Hua County East) and other places, the unification of northern China. Army attack Mobei plateau, big break Rouran, which became Europe's Alba Megatron people. In previous wars, and often personally led his army to war and decisive, careful planning, attention to tactics, command and flexible. Or reservation in hand, Qingqi attack, or to lure the enemy out of the city, had laid an ambush to surround and annihilate, and they tend to be victory. Beginning of light years (427), Wei Jun Gong, the summer capital of Tongwan (now Inner Mongolia Wushen Southwest), the Tuoba Shou will focus on the ambush in the valley, leading to the city to a small amount of cavalry, under intentional sign of weakness, induced from the stick of the Xia Jun Kennedy Town, when the summer when the army chased out of town, but also the potential to adopt Hao divide our forces out of the passage of the plan was the fruit victory (see Wikipedia: Northern Attack Summer Tongwancheng war). He led the Northern troops crusade desert tribes - Rouran. Especially in the 429, he made war on Rouran one of the most brilliant victories. Since then, the Northern Wei Dynasty in the following break Hun Han, the central plains of the steppe tribes dynasty made operational once again a major military victory (see Wikipedia: Northern broken Rouran war) he will often be selected only from the Zu Wu, with its long. Strictly military, not left cheap reward, punish or avoid you. His life, plain frugal, mighty bold, resolute self-discipline, his frank and candid, like listening to old Bute, Gao Yun and other outspoken remonstrances were loyal, but the penalty was too harsh in his later years, killing over. Reigned 29 years, is flat in March by two eunuchs were loved (when he was in regular attendants) assassination.
Emperor is also very clear too frugal life, hate luxury. After entering the Tongwancheng, Tuoba Shou see Xiaguo Huang Palace grandeur, was furious: "Shu Zi of China, such abuse of their resources dare! How can we not die!" Later, the ministers plain speaking, I hope so Emperor to rebuild system million in city and palace decoration Wei. Tuoba Shou disapproval, said: "The old saying goes: 'not in danger in Germany.' Helianbobo made so immense Tongwancheng strong, it was not or was I Gongmie, State ruins a family death. Today the world has not put down, I need to go to war da war manpower, instead of launching people to build housing wall. "As the country's military spending this, Tuoba Shou is not spared.
Mata Rouran
AD 425, because the war just past the near, both sides in the rest troops Tuoba Shou then give a full break, attack Rouran big break Rouran main army. Since then, beginning the Great Northern on the strategic counteroffensive Rouran prelude.
He went into the Mobei, finally Rouran "terror into the North channeling, not complex south", "border police carry on interest rates."
Road of Liu Wei returned fire Rouran Rukou 2 3 0 Rouran false surrender Rouran Tributary 1
This spans the era of squirming Ru Kou Wen Wei retaliate 0 0 3 squirming squirming false surrender a tribute
430, Southern's Liu Song Emperor Liu Yilong Northern Expedition, Wei Wang Huilong soldiers, Yan-Ben Han of, and Antonio, who led his army off the stubborn resistance to defeat the Liu Song.
November: "Liu Yi Long Lu Cui Prefecture city of evil interest rates are down. To messenger to Tailao worship of Confucius. Prince, inferior Pengcheng, thus becoming Xu Yi."
But he, on the Song of the war, although the victory, but so tired soldiers and civilians, and the expedition but also cost more financial and material resources, the officers and men infected, although it relative to the Southern and Northern dynasties of the loss is very small, but many outstanding soldiers in the back to Northern Dynasty, the seriously ill can not afford to make "people hate."
Tuoba Shou suppression of Buddhism, is a major event in the history of the Northern Wei Dynasty in China, is famous feudal history. Too extended for four years, Pacific Zhenjun five and seven years, he issued an edict against the three Buddhist statues to be broken all over the country, the burning of Buddhist scriptures, Heaven's monks. Do not pay taxes, lord of the expansion of the number of monks, will greatly reduce the government's fiscal revenue; Temple, Tower, by, like the increase of human society, the great waste of resources. This Tuoba Shou strongly advocated the development of production, save costs and increase material wealth, to ensure the cost of the military policies of the country in conflict. In Tuoba Shou promote "culture and education" should Confucianism "together government" and "political Qi customs" of the case, he considered that to allow "virtual birthday without" and "barbarian" of Buddhism spread far and wide, only incurred, "Mr James O'Neil big bad", "days often chaos," "Fa-waste and no" consequences. Therefore, the Tuoba Shou to resolutely crack down on Buddhism, is very natural. Tuoba Shou Confucius and suppression of Buddhism, is conducive to social and economic development, promote the process of the Northern Wei feudal. However, because this is the first time the suppression of Buddhism movement, can not learn from past experience, the government adopted the Northern Wei Tuoba Shou means perfect, some degree too radical, but it has to struggle after a deep anti-Buddhist impact and valuable experience.
Tuoba Shou special attention to the army. Hunting the Mongolian steppe nomadic life, tempered Xianbei people into strong, agile and brave character and superb riding and shooting skills. Army, especially cavalry, is an important tool for the Northern Wei win the victory. Tuoba Shou order to improve the military's combat strength, repeated under the edict, stated discipline. He War "loyal dried Festival", "Tao-Feng fulfill difficult" men, or promoted into the Jazz, or reward to people, livestock and gold and silver, antiques, silk fabrics silk and other material; on those who violate discipline, then severely punished, Although a senior official Qin Gui, not wide margin. Such as Hill Descent noble pile, when the Ming Emperor Yuan to military merit Monkey, Tuoba Shou public when the seal. God first year (428 years), he ordered his troops out of the Office Sagong Xi Xia king's younger brother, Helian time, when he heard the news Xi Hall defeated and captured, abandoned soldiers and go race. Tuoba Shou order to escape the mound heap Threatened beheaded. Pacific Zhenjun five years (444 years), Zhongshan Wang Chen, a high official within the Block are identified Xue, Shang Xi dependents other eight will "take hit Rouran later, Jin was all the South." Book of Order Liu Jie, because Jiaozhaogaiyi crusade Rouran Zhujiang the session, to a "Rouran Yuandun, chase of less than" guilty of accepting bribes and other crimes in addition, Tuoba Shou ordered the "barbarians of their prize." Pacific Zhenjun eight years (447 years), Fufeng AD Office did so eight will, in the suppression of the uprising Wu cover a war, the "Pirates of the failed military capital, where looting, stolen the 10 million, well cut of."
He often will only be selected from the Zu Wu, using their skills. Strictly military, not left cheap reward, punish or avoid expensive, but kill too many.
Tuoba Shou to save money, reduce waste also praised the country as a guarantee that the military use of important measures. History contains his "prime rate of the Qing Jian, clothes drink royal meal, take to it, poor Jennifer Lai, Fuji food taste, but fortunately Zhao Yi, honored person, clothes and color." Where "reward, are all dead things Meritorious home, relatives and the pet has not cross." Tuoba Shou Chun against more capital, modified palace, against the Buddhists, severely punish corrupt officials, often from the care of their resources, material resources focus of. Tuoba Shou series of cost-saving practices, will undoubtedly ensure the military state with fees, to reduce the burden the people played an active role.
Tuoba Shou throne, the ambitious, Civil war, mainly through war means to resolve the contradiction between opposing the regime. But Tuoba Shou is not a reckless military man but - a good size up the situation of a strategic thinking statesman, military strategist. He means to war, while, according to the situation, but also strive to make by-pass, Tribute, marriage, and hostility to ease the conflict between the regime and establish friendly relations. Tuoba Shou 30-year rule, the Northern Wei and Rouran, Liu Song, Xia, northern Yan, Northern Liang, exchange ambassadors, the fact that each property Tribute numerous. Marry each other, but also many examples. If God the first year (428 years), Tuoba Shou summer to capture the main Helian country to the capital of Chang Ying-Ping Cheng, dedicated not only to rich, knighted as the king and the princess their sister wives start level. Prior to this, Tuoba Shou Xia Zhuchang already paid for your destroyed three sisters and signed one for the Queen's sister. Extension and two years (433 years), Tuoba Shou sent envoys canonization of Northern Liang main Juqu key is king, and to his wife the Princess Wuwei sister, the sister of the Lord is satisfied for the Northern Liang Zhao Yi. Extension and three years to Hercynian princess married Tuoba Shou Wu Rouran Khan mention and accept his sister as his wife. Pacific Zhenjun 10 year Tuoba Shou his troops Fa Song, reaching melon step. The situation in the victory, he sent envoys active sum, please marriage. He said its Sun Song to say: "I well to this point, the non-prefer to give fame, really want a good interest rate, following the people, never fates got tied aid. Song to women if the Sun's wife, my wife and Wuling Wang F, since this piece Malaysia no longer South Gu. "he said through marriage, to establish friendly relations. Of course Tuoba Shou with marriage, through to, Tribute and other means of motivation, not very authentic. But in the war years, even if short-term peace, the restoration of social production, reduce the suffering of the people are good. Tuoba Shou order to complete the great cause of reunification, can effectively use the tools of war and peace, indicates the economy is Tuoba Shou, also attached great importance to ideological and cultural construction. He said: "Finance is, forces of this country." He knows how material wealth is related to the outcome of a war, political survival of the event. "Wei Shu" recorded: "ancestor to the throne, to develop universally applicable to five parties of the people have their own sex, so times do not change the customs of their religion, Qi Qizheng difficult the times, satisfied that his side Depository tribute to charge to close its goods in real treasury, but also take the animals in the age of the users registered in ZU meal to fill up the government. "areas under his rule, many people in different production methods, etc., insist on the people of all ethnic groups do not change the traditional mode of production, lifestyles and customs policy. Not only to the Han people in agricultural production, but also focus on minority Animal Hunting habits. Through the development of agricultural production, the collection of people rent adjustment, acceptance of all tribute, and plunder through the means of war to increase the material wealth to ensure that the cost of militarism.
Meanwhile, the Tuoba Shou Ming person with knowledge, only recommend two stories for all to see
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