běi wèi  (408年～452年)

字：	fó lí
网笔号：	tài wǔ huáng dì
庙号：	shì zǔ
陵墓：	yún zhōng jīn líng
开端 终结 在位 424年 452年 始光 424年yuányuè 428年yuányuè 神䴥 428年èryuè 431年shíèryuè 延和 432年yuányuè 435年yuányuè 太延 435年yuányuè 440年liùyuè 太平真君 440年liùyuè 451年liùyuè 正平 451年liùyuè 452年èryuè 

　　 tuò bá dào tàbádào(408 ～ 452.3.11)， zì fó lí， xiān bēi zú。 běi wèi shì zǔ， tài wǔ huáng dì。 tā qīn zì shuài lǐng běi wèi tiě qí： miè wáng liǎo xià guó， běi yàn， běi liáng děng zhū duō zhèng quán， tǒng yī běi fāng； xiàng běi， mǎ tà mò běi， héng sǎo liǎo zhàn jù měnggǔ dà mò de róu rán hàn guó； xiàng nán， lǚ cì cuò bài nán cháo， bìng zhàn jù liǎo liú sòng de hé nán zhī dì。 nán běi cháo shí qī jié chū de qí bīng tǒng shuài。
　　 mǎ tà róu rán tǒng yī běi fāng
　　 běi wèi tài wǔ dì tuò bá dào tiě qí zhēng róng de yī shēng
　　 wèi guó rén de píng jià : “ shì zǔ cōng míng xióng duàn， wēi háo jié lì， jiè 'èr shì zhī zī， fèn zhēng fá zhī qì， suì róng xuān sì chū， zhōu xuán xiǎn yí。 sǎo tǒng wàn， píng qín lǒng， jiǎn liáo hǎi， dàng hé yuán， nán yí hèdān， běi rú xiāojì， kuò dìng sì biǎo， hùn yī róng huá， qí wéi gōng yě dà yǐ。 suì shǐ yòu wèi zhī yè， guāng mài bǎi wáng， qǐ fēi shén ruì jīng guān， shì dāng mìng shì？ ”
　　 sòng guó rén de píng jià：“ fó lí cuàn wěi， mí shān xióng wēi， yīng tú wǔ lüè， shì jià qián gǔ， suī mòdú zhī zhì yǒng， tán shí zhī xiāo qiáng， yì bù néng jí yě。 xī tūn hé yòu， dōng jǔ lóng jié， zǒng kuò róng huāng， dì jiān wàn lǐ， lián qí bǎi wàn。”
　　 tài wǔ dì zōng shù
　　 běi wèi dì sān wèi huáng dì（ 423 nián héng 452 nián zài wèi）， běi wèi míng yuán dì tuò bá sì de zhǎngzǐ， xiǎng nián 44 suì。
　　 jūn shì jiā， yōu xiù de qí bīng tǒng shuài。 zì fó lí， xiān bēi zú tuò bá bù rén。 běi wèi tài cháng bā nián (423) shí yī yuè jí huáng dì wèi。 tā zhòng yòng hàn shì jiā dà zú cuī hào děng wéi móu chén， bǎ wò zuò zhàn shí jī。 tā fēi cháng shàn yú shǐ yòng qí bīng， bìng qiě kāi chuàng liǎo qí bīng shǎn jī zhàn de chú xíng。 tā cóng jí wèi zhī chū， biàn zhěng zhì lì zhì， lì jīng tú zhì， xiān hòu gōng miè běi yàn、 běi liáng， tǎo shān hú， jiàng shàn shàn， zhú tǔyùhún， qǔ nán cháo liú sòng de hǔ láo（ jīn hé nán xíng yáng sì shuǐ zhèn）、 huá tái（ jīn hé nán huá xiàn dōng） děng dì， tǒng yī liǎo zhōng guó běi fāng。 bīng fá mò běi gāo yuán， dà pò róu rán， hòu zhě chéng wéi wēi zhèn 'ōu zhōu de 'ā 'ěr wǎ rén。 zài lì cì zhàn zhēng zhōng， cháng qīn zì shuài jūn chū zhēng， jué cè guǒ duàn， bù shǔ zhōu mì， jiǎng jiū zhàn fǎ， zhǐ huī líng huó。 huò fēn dào bìng jìn， qīng qí bēn xí， huò yòu dí chū chéng， shè fú wéi jiān， yīn 'ér duō huò shèng lì。 shǐ guāng sì nián (427)， wèi jūn gōng xià dū tǒng wàn chéng（ jīn nèimēng gǔ wū shěn qí xī nán） shí， tuò bá dào jiāng zhù lì mái fú zài shān gǔ zhōng， yǐ shǎo liàng qí bīng zhí dǐ chéng xià， gù yì shì ruò， yòu gù shǒu zhī xià jūn tuō lí jiān chéng， dāng xià jūn chū chéng zhuī zhú shí， yòu cǎi nà cuī hào fēn bīng qián chū xí qí hòu zhī jì， guǒ huò quán shèng（ cān jiàn bǎi kē： běi wèi gōng xià tǒng wàn chéng zhī zhàn）。 tā shuài lǐng běi wèi jūn duì tǎo fá dà mò bù luò héng héng róu rán。 yóu qí shì zài 429 nián， tā duì róu rán zuò zhàn zhōng qǔ dé liǎo zuì huī huáng de yī cì zhàn guǒ。 cóng cǐ， běi wèi zài jì hàn wǔ dì pò xiōng nú zhī hòu， zhōng yuán wáng cháo duì cǎo yuán bù luò zuò zhàn yòu yī cì qǔ dé liǎo zhòng dà de jūn shì shèng lì（ cān jiàn bǎi kē： běi wèi pò róu rán zhī zhàn） tā cháng cóng zú wǔ zhòngxuǎn bá jiāng cái， yòng qí suǒ cháng。 zhì jūn yán gé， shǎng bù yí jiàn， fá bù bì guì。 tā zài shēng huó zhōng， pǔ sù jié jiǎn， wēi wǔ háo mài， gāng yì zì lǜ， zhí shuǎng tǎn shuài， xǐ huān tīng qǔ gǔ bì， gāo yǔn děng zhōng chén men zhí yán bù huì de jìn jiàn， dàn shì zài wǎn nián què xíng fá guò yú cán kù， zhū lù guò duō。 zài wèi 29 nián， zhèng píng 'èr nián sān yuè bèi huàn guān zōng 'ài（ shí rèn zhōng cháng shì） àn shā。
　　 tǒng yī běi fāng
　　427 nián， tā shuài jūn gōng hè lián xià， fā shēng liǎo fēi cháng zhù míng de běi wèi gōng xià tǒng wàn chéng zhī zhàn， zhè shì yīcháng kōng qián de“ qí bīng gōng chéng” de zhàn lì， bèi shòu hòu shì de jūn shì jiā men suǒ tuī chóng。
　　 tài wǔ dì shēng huó yě shí fēn qīng jiǎn， tǎo yàn shē huá。 zài jìn rù tǒng wàn chéng zhī hòu， tuò bá dào jiàn xià guó huáng gōng fù lì táng huáng， dà fā léi tíng：“ shù zǐ zhī guó， jìng gǎn rú cǐ làn yòng mín lì！ zěn néng bù miè wáng！” hòu lái， qún chén jìn jiàn， xī wàng tài wǔ dì néng gòu chóngxiū tǒng wàn chéng， bìng zhuāng shì běi wèi gōng diàn。 tuò bá dào bù yǐ wéi rán， shuō：“ gǔ rén shuō dé hǎo： ‘ zài dé bù zài xiǎn。 ’ hè lián bó bó zào liǎo nà me jiān gù wú bǐ de tǒng wàn chéng， zuì hòu bù hái shì bèi zhèn gōng miè， guó pò jiā wáng。 rú jīn tiān xià hái méi yòu píng dìng， zhèn gèng xū yào rén lì shàng zhàn chǎng qù da zhàng， ér bù shì fā dòng lǎo bǎi xìng qù jiàn zào fáng wū chéng qiáng。” ér zuò wéi guó běn de jūn shì shàng de kāi xiāo， tuò bá dào zé jué bù lìn xī。
　　 zhì cǐ， tuò bá dào yǐ jīng dǎ bài liǎo dāng shí zhōng yuán zhī dì de zuì dà jìngdí。 zhī hòu， tā yòu tǎo miè shān hú， jiàng fú shàn shàn， xiàng xī yuǎn zhú tǔyùhún。 gōng yuán 431 nián， xià guó miè wáng。 gōng yuán 436 nián， běi yàn miè wáng。
　　 gōng yuán 439 nián， tuò bá dào jìn jūn běi liáng dū chéng gū cáng， běi liáng miè wáng。 cóng 'ér jié shù liǎo cóng bā wáng zhī luàn qǐ， jiāng jìn yī bǎi wǔ shí nián de běi fāng hùn zhàn de jú miàn， tǒng yī liǎo zhōng guó běi fāng， zhì cǐ， shǐ zhōng yuán lǎo bǎi xìng de shēng huó dé yǐ 'ān dìng xià lái。
　　 mǎ tà róu rán
　　 zài xiàng dōng xī kuò zhāng de tóng shí， běi wèi yě shòu dào běi fāng róu rán de wēi xié。 tuò bá dào shí 'èr suì biàn yuǎn fù hé tào bǎo wèi cháng chéng kàng jī róu rán de rù qīn， bǎ biān sài jūn wù zhěng dùn de yòu shēng yòu sè。
　　 shǐ guāng yuán nián（ gōng yuán 424 nián） bā yuè， tài wǔ dì tuò bá dào （ gōng yuán 408 héng 452 nián） jí wèi bù jiǔ， róu rán móu hàn gē shēng gài kèhán dà tán shuài 6 wàn qí bīng jìn fàn yún zhōng（ jīn nèimēng gǔ hé lín gé 'ěr）， tuò bá dào shuài jūn fù jī， bèi róu rán jūn tuán bāo wéi 50 yú juàn。 zuǒ yòu dà jù， dàn jiàn tuò bá dào shēng sè gāng yì wēi yán， bùwèi suǒ dòng， jūn xīn zhè cái wěn dìng xià lái。 běi wèi shè shā róu rán dàjiàng， róu rán nǎi tuì。
　　 gōng yuán 425 nián， yīn wéi zhàn shì gāng gāng guò qù bù jiǔ， shuāng fāng dōuzài xiū zhěng bù duì， tuò bá dào yú shì fàng qì liǎo quán miàn de xiū zhěng， tū xí róu rán， dà pò róu rán jūn duì zhù lì。 cóng cǐ， lā kāi liǎo běi wèi duì róu rán de zhàn lüè dà fǎn gōng de xù mù。
　　 cóng guāng shǐ yuán nián (424 nián )， zhì tài píng zhēn jūn shí wǔ (449 nián )25 nián jiān， duō cì chē jià qīn zhēng， shēn rù mò běi， zhōng yú shǐ róu rán“ bù chéng běi cuàn， bù gǎn fù nán”，“ biān jiāng xī jǐng yǐ”。
　　 tuò bá dào 13 cì shuài jūn jìn gōng róu rán。 yóu qí shì 429 nián， tuò bá dào fēn bīng liǎng lù， qǔ dào hēi shān（ jīn nèimēng gǔ hé lín gé 'ěr xī běi） hé dà 'é shān， dà jǔ gōng dǎ róu rán。 dōng lù yóu tuò bá dào qīn zì shuài lǐng qīng qí jūn cháng tú bēn xí， chū qí zhì shèng， hěn kuài jiù dǐ dá lì shuǐ（ jīn měnggǔ xī běi wēng jīn hé）。 róu rán de jūn mín gè gè xià dé dà jīng shī sè， tuò bá dào lǐng jūn zòng shēn chuān chā， fú lǔ dí jūn shèn zhòng。 zì cǐ， róu rán shì lì xuē ruò， wéi wěn dìng běi fāng chuàng zào liǎo yòu lì tiáo jiàn。 róu rán kèhán yuǎn dùn， běi fāng biān sài dé yǐ 'ān jìng。
　　 tā shēn rù mò běi， zhōng yú shǐ róu rán“ bù chéng běi cuàn， bù gǎn fù nán”，“ biān jiāng xī jǐng yǐ”。
　　 yú shì tuò bá dào yòu jī kuì gāo jù lì、 róu rán fù shǔ bù luò， kuò dì qiān yú lǐ。
　　 yǐ xià shì cóng zhuān jiā lùn wén héng héng běi wèi de běi biān fáng wù yǔ róu rán de zhēng zhàn guān xì zhōng， chāo guò lái de
　　 dào wǔ dì shí dài róu rán rù kòu 2 běi wèi hái jī 3 róu rán cháo gòng 0 róu rán zhà jiàng 1
　　 míng yuán dì shí dài rú rú rù kòu 3 běi wèi hái jī 4 rú rú cháo gòng 0 róu rán zhà jiàng 1
　　 tài wǔ dì shí dài rú rú rù kòu 4 běi wèi hái jī 13 rú rú cháo gòng 6 rú rú zhà jiàng 4
　　 wén chéng dì shí dài rú rú rù kòu 0 běi wèi hái jī 3 rú rú cháo gòng 0 rú rú zhà jiàng 1
　　 zài běi wèi zhū duō dì wáng zhōng , wéi yòu tuò bá dào duì róu rán qǔ dé liǎo jūn shì shàng de jù dà shèng lì . róu rán yě cóng cǐ yī jué bù zhèn liǎo . róu rán yóu yú zài běi wèi tài wǔ dì shí qī sǔn shī pō zhòng , biàn zǒu xiàng shuāi luò liǎo . běi wèi fēn liè zhī shí , róu rán yòu xiǎo niú liǎo yī bǎ , bù guò yóu yú tā zǎo yǐ shí lì bù jì , hěn kuài biàn fēn bēng lí xī liǎo .
　　 jī bài nán cháo
　　430 nián， nán cháo de liú sòng huáng dì liú yì lóng běi fá， běi wèi jiàngshì wáng huì lóng、 hán yán zhī、 sī mǎ xiū zhī děng rén shuài jūn wán qiáng dǐ kàng， jī tuì liǎo liú sòng。
　　450 nián， sòng wén dì jí yú qiú gōng， tīng bù jìn lǎo chén sù jiāng de yì jiàn， qīng qǐ bīng duān。 zài jìn jūn chū qí de shí hòu hěn shùn lì。 dàn shì dào liǎo shí yuè， fǎn 'ér zhāo zhì běi wèi tuò bá dào dà jǔ nán xià fǎn gōng：
　　10 yuè mò：“ dōng shí yuè guǐ hài， chē jià（ tuò bá dào ） zhǐ fāng tóu。（ tuò bá dào ） zhào diàn zhōng shàng shū zhǎngsūn zhēn shuài qí wǔ qiān zì shí jì dù， bèi xuán mó dùn zǒu。 yǐ chǒu， chē jià jì hé。 xuán mó dà jù， qì jūn 'ér zǒu。 zhòng gè kuì sàn， zhuī niè zhǎn shǒu wàn yú jí。 qì xiè shān jī。 dì suì zhì dōng píng。 xiāo bīn zhī qì jì zhōu， tuì bǎo lì chéng。（ tuò bá dào ） nǎi mìng zhū jiāng fēn dào bìng jìn： shǐ zhēng xī dàjiàng jūn、 yǒng chāng wáng rén（ tuò bá rén） zì luò yáng chū shòu chūn， shàng shū zhǎngsūn zhēn（ zhǎngsūn hàn de 'ér zǐ） qū mǎ tóu， chǔ wáng jiàn（ tuò bá jiàn） qū zhōng lí， gāo liáng wáng nà（ tuò bá nà） zì qīng zhōu qū xià pī。”
　　11 yuè：“ liú yì lóng lǔ jùn tài shǒu cuī xié lìlǜ shǔ chéng jiàng。 shǐ shǐ zhě yǐ tài láo sì kǒng zǐ。 rén zǐ， cì yú péng chéng， suì qū xū yí。”
　　12 yuè：“ liú yì lóng jiāng jūn hú chóng zhī děng shuài zhòng 'èr wàn yuán xū yí。 yàn wáng tán（ tuò bá tán） dà pò zhī， xiāo chóng zhī děng， zhǎn shǒu wàn yú jí， huái nán jiē jiàng。 shì yuè， yǒng chāng wáng rén（ tuò bá rén） gōng xuán hù， bá zhī， huò yì lóng shǒu jiāng zhào huái， sòng jīng shī zhǎn zhī。 guò dìng xiàng chéng， jí huái xī， dà pò liú yì lóng jiāng liú kāng zǔ， zhǎn zhī， bìng fú lǔ jiāng jūn hú shèng zhī、 wáng luó hàn děng， chuán zhì xíng gōng。 guǐ wèi， chē jià（ tuò bá dào ） lín jiāng， qǐ xíng gōng yú guā bù shān。 yǒng chāng wáng rén（ tuò bá rén） zì lì yáng zhì yú jiāng xī， gāo liáng wáng nà（ tuò bá nà） zì shān yáng zhì yú guǎng líng， zhū jūn jiē tóng rì lín jiāng， suǒ guò chéng yì， mò bù wàng chén bēn kuì， qí jiàng zhě bù kě shèngshǔ。”
　　 zhì cǐ， tuò bá dào shí xiàn liǎo“ yǐn mǎ cháng jiāng” de zhì yuàn， ér liú yì lóng zhǐ luò dé“ cāng huáng běi gù”。 tuò bá dào wǔ lù yuǎn zhēng jūn zhí dá cháng jiāng běi 'àn， qí zhōng， tuò bá dào qīn zì shuài lǐng de běi wèi zhù lì bīng dǐ guā bù shān ( jīn jiāng sū liù hé dōng nán )， yǔ liú sòng shǒu dū gé jiāng xiāng wàng， shǐ dé nán cháo dà wéi zhèn dòng。 qí tā gè lù yě xiān hòu dào dá jiāng huái yī dài。 dàn wèi jūn hái bù jù bèi dù jiāng miè wáng nán cháo de tiáo jiàn， bìng qiě běi fāng rén bù xí guàn nán fāng qì hòu， jūn zhōng shì zú duō rǎn bìng， wèi jūn zài jiāng biān lüè mín shāo wū hòu tuì jūn。
　　 bù guò tā zài duì sòng de zhàn zhēng zhōng， suī rán dà shèng， dàn shǐ jūn mín pí bèi， bìng qiě yuǎn zhēng yě xiāo hào liǎo jiào duō de cái lì wù lì， jiàngshì rǎn bìng， jìn guǎn xiāng duì yú nán cháo lái shuō， běi cháo de gè xiàng sǔn shī shì fēi cháng shǎo de， dàn shì hěn duō yōu xiù jiàngshì zài huí dào běi cháo zhī hòu， zhòng bìng bù qǐ， shǐ dé“ guó rén yuàn hèn”。
　　450 nián， shī bài hòu de liú sòng bù jǐn shū diào liǎo zhàn zhēng。 yě shū diào liǎo kǔ kǔ jī lěi de xiǎo kāng shèng shì。 yě shū diào liǎo guó yùn。 liǎng gè nián jì xiāng fǎng（ liú yì lóng bǐ tuò bá dào dà yī suì） de huáng dì zhōng yú zài zuì zhōng fēn chū liǎo gāo xià。 yě wéi hòu shì běi qiáng nán ruò de lì shǐ qū shì diàn dìng liǎo jī chǔ。
　　 tài wǔ miè fó
　　 tuò bá dào miè fó， zài běi wèi shǐ shàng shì yī jiàn dà shì， zài zhōng guó fēng jiàn shǐ shàng yě shì hěn yòu míng de。 tài yán sì nián， tài píng zhēn jūn wǔ nián hé qī nián， tā sān cì xià zhào dǎ jī fó jiào， yào quán guó gè dì suì fó xiàng、 fén fó jīng、 zhū shā sēng lǚ。 bù fù dān fù shuì， yáo yì de sēng lǚ rén shù péng zhàng， jiù huì dà dà jiǎn shǎo zhèng fǔ de cái zhèng shōu rù； sì、 tǎ、 jīng、 xiàng de zēng duō， shì shè huì rén lì， wù lì de jí dà làng fèi。 zhè yǔ tuò bá dào dà lì tí chàng fā zhǎn shēng chǎn、 jié yuē kāi zhī， zēng jiā wù zhì cái fù， bǎo zhèng jūn guó fèi yòng de fāng zhēn zhèng cè xiāng dǐ chù。 zài tuò bá dào dà lì tí chàng“ wén jiào”， yào yǐ rú xué“ yī qí zhèng huà”、“ zhèng qí fēng sú” de qíng kuàng xià， tā rèn wéi ràng“ xū dàn bù jīng” de“ hú rén” de fó jiào guǎng wéi liú chuán， zhǐ huì zhāo zhì“ lǐ yì dà huài”、“ tiān cháng dà luàn”、“ wáng fǎ fèi 'ér bù xíng” de 'è guǒ。 yīn cǐ， tuò bá dào yào jiān jué dǎ jī fó jiào， shì hěn zì rán de liǎo。 tuò bá dào chóng rú miè fó， yòu lì yú shè huì jīng jì de fā zhǎn， cù jìn liǎo běi wèi fēng jiàn huà de jìn chéng。 bù guò， yóu yú zhè shì lì shǐ shàng dì yī cì de miè fó yùn dòng， méi yòu guò qù de kě yǐ jiè jiàn de jīng yàn， suǒ yǐ tuò bá dào de běi wèi zhèng fǔ cǎi qǔ de shǒu duàn guò yìng， chéng dù yòu xiē guò yú jī jìn， dàn shì zhè yě gěi yǐ hòu de fǎn fó dǒu zhēng yǐ shēn kè yǐng xiǎng hé bǎo guì jīng yàn。
　　 tài wǔ dì de jūn gē liáo liàng
　　 tuò bá dào qǔ dé běi cuò róu rán， nán bài liú sòng， xiāo miè zhōng yuán gē jù shì lì de shèng lì 'ér tǒng yī běi fāng， chú píng xī qí zǔ fù， fù qīn gěi chuàng lì de jī chǔ wài， tā zì jǐ cǎi qǔ liǎo yī xì liè zhèng què de jūn shì、 jīng jì、 zhèng zhì cuò shī， gèng shì zhòng yào yīn sù。
　　 tuò bá dào tè bié zhòng shì jūn duì jiàn shè。 měnggǔ dà cǎo yuán de yóu mù shè liè shēng huó， duàn liàn liǎo xiān bēi rén jiàn zhuàng de tǐ bó， piāo hàn de xìng gé hé gāo chāo de qí shè jì yì。 jūn duì， tè bié shì qí bīng， shì běi wèi kè dí zhì shèng de zhòng yào gōng jù。 tuò bá dào wèile tí gāo jūn duì de zhàn dǒu lì， lǚ xià zhào lìng， shēn míng jì lǜ。 tā duì zhàn zhēng zhōng“ jìn zhōng jié jié”，“ dǎo fēng lǚ nán” de jiàngshì， huò shēng guān jìn jué， huò shǎng cì yǐ rén kǒu、 shēng chù jí jīn yín、 gǔ wán、 zèng bó děng wù zhì； duì wéi fàn jūn jì zhě， zé jǐyǔ yán chéng， suī qīn guì zhòng chén， yě bù kuān dài。 rú xiān bēi guì zú qiū duī， míng yuán dì shí yǐ jūn gōng fēng hóu， tuò bá dào shí fēng gōng。 shén yuán nián (428 nián )， tā yǔ sī kōng xī tīng fèng mìng shuài jūn tuì chū xià guó wáng zhī dì hè lián dìng shí， dāng tā tīng dào xī tīng bīng bài bèi fú xiāo xī， jìng qì bīng 'ér zǒu。 tuò bá dào xià lìng jiāng lín wēi tuō táo de qiū duī zhǎn shǒu。 tài píng zhēn jūn wǔ nián (444 nián )， zhōng shān wáng chén、 nèi dū zuò dà guān xuē biàn、 shàng shū xī juàn děng bā jiāng，“ zuò jī róu rán hòu qī， jìn yú dū nán”。 shàng shū lìng liú jié， yīn jiáo zhào gǎi yì tǎo fá róu rán zhū jiāng de huì qī， zhì“ róu rán yuǎn dùn， zhuī zhī bù jí”， jiā zhī fàn shòu huì děng zuì， tuò bá dào xià lìng“ yí qí sān zú”。 tài píng zhēn jūn bā nián (447 nián )， fú fēng gōng yuán chù zhēn děng bā jiāng， zài zhèn yā wú gài qǐ yì de zhàn zhēng zhōng，“ dào méi jūn zī， suǒ zài lǔ lüè， zāng gè qiān wàn， jǐng zhǎn zhī”。
　　 tuò bá dào hěn hǎo dì shǐ yòng liǎo qí zhǎng wò de shǎng fá zhī quán， zhěng sù liǎo jūn jì。 lìng wài， tuò bá dào běn rén， zài zhàn zhēng zhōng shēn xiān shì zú， chōng fēng xiàn zhèn de yīng yǒng jīng shén， duì jī lì jiàngshì fèn yǒng shā dí， bǎo zhèng zhàn dǒu shèng lì yě qǐ liǎo jī jí zuò yòng。 rú shǐ guāng sì nián (427 nián )， tuò bá dào qīn shuài sān wàn qīng qí， tū jī xià guó dū chéng tǒng wàn。 tā yǔ jiàngshì yī dào， dǐng zhe fēng shā， qiáng rěn jī kě， hé xià jūn 'è zhàn yú tǒng wàn chéng wài。 tā céng yīn mǎ jué 'ér zhuì dì， shàng mǎ hòu réng jì xù zhàn dǒu， sù shā xià jiāng shí yú rén。 hòu yòu“ shēn zhōng liú shǐ”， dàn tā réng rán“ fèn jī bù chuò”。 yóu yú tuò bá dào lǐng dǎo de jūn duì jì lǜ yán míng， zài zhàn dǒu zhōng yòu néng shēn xiān shì zú，“ shì yǐ rén sī xiào mìng， suǒ xiàng wú qián。”！
　　 tuò bá dào shǎng fá fēn míng， tā cháng guà zài zuǐ biān de yī jù huà shì：“ fǎ zhě， zhèn yǔ tiān xià gòng zhī， hé gǎn qīng yě。” tuò bá dào chéng nián hòu， pō shí shì tǐ， shēng huó shí fēn qīng jiǎn， tǎo yàn shē huá。 jiǎn pǔ nài kǔ， ér shǎng cì gōng chén jué wú lìn xī。
　　 tā cháng cóng zú wǔ zhòngxuǎn bá jiāng cái， yòng qí suǒ cháng。 zhì jūn yán gé， shǎng bù yí jiàn， fá bù bì guì， dàn zhū lù guò duō。
　　 tài yán wǔ nián (439 nián )， tuò bá dào cǎi nà gāo yǔn“ guǎng tián jī gǔ” de jiàn yì hàn， xià lìng“ xī chú tián jìn， yǐ fù bǎi xìng”。 tài píng zhēn jūn wǔ nián (444 nián )， tā cǎi nà gǔ bì jiàn yì， xuē jiǎn shàng gǔ yuàn yòu zhī bàn wéi mín tián。 tài píng zhēn jūn mò nián， tài zǐ tuò bá huàng jiān guó， tuī xíng yòu niú hé wú niú rén hù huàn gōng zhòngtián zuò fǎ，“ kěn tián dà wéi zēng bì”。 nóng yè suí zhe gēng tián shù liàng kuò dà 'ér dà dà zēng chǎn。 shǐ guāng sān nián (426 nián )， tuò bá dào zhào bà zhòng duō de zá yíng hù lì shǔ jùn xiàn， zēng jiā liǎo nà shuì rén hù。 lìng wài， tuò bá dào lǚ xià“ yí kuān zū fù， yǔ mín xiū xī” de zhào lìng。 tā hái jiǎng lì“ quàn nóng píng fù” de shǒu zǎi， yán chéng tān guān wū lì。 yǐ shàng zuò fǎ， jiǎn qīng liǎo rén mín fù dān， cù jìn liǎo nóng yè shēng chǎn de fā zhǎn。
　　 běi wèi qián qī， xùmù yè zài shè huì jīng jì zhōng réng zhàn zhòng yào dì wèi。 tā shì cái fù hé zhàn mǎ de zhù yào lái yuán。 xùmù yè xíng shì hǎo huài， bù jǐn guān xì dào cái zhèng xíng shì， bìng jiāng zhí jiē yǐng xiǎng dào yǐ qí bīng wéi zhù lì de jūn duì de sù zhì。 yīn cǐ， tuò bá dào duì xùmù yè de fā zhǎn shì shí fēn zhòng shì de。 shén 'èr nián (429 nián ) dǎ bài róu rán、 gāo chē zhī hòu， tuò bá dào “ xǐ róu rán、 gāo chē jiàng fù zhī mín yú mò nán， dōng zhì rú yuán， xī zhì wǔ yuán、 yīn shān， shǐ qí gēng mù 'ér shōu qí gòng fù。 …… zì shì wèi zhī mín jiān， mǎ niú yáng qí zhān pí wéi zhī jià jiàn。” shén zhōng，“ shì zǔ zhī píng tǒng wàn， dìng qín lǒng， yǐ hé xī shuǐ cǎo shàn， nǎi yǐ wéi mù dì。 xùchǎn zī xī， mǎ zhì 'èr bǎi yú wàn pǐ， tuó tuó jiāng bàn zhī， niú yáng zé wú shù。” zhè xiē jìzǎi， fǎn yìng liǎo tuò bá dào duì xùmù yè de zhòng shì， jí dāng shí xùmù yè de fán róng zhuàng kuàng。
　　 tuò bá dào bǎ jié yuē kāi zhī， jiǎn shǎo làng fèi yě dāng zuò bǎo zhèng jūn guó zàn yòng de zhòng yào cuò shī。 shǐ zài tā“ xìng qīng jiǎn shuài sù， fú yù yǐn shàn， qǔ gěi 'ér yǐ， bù hǎo zhēn lì， shí bù 'èr wèi， suǒ xìng zhāo yí、 guì rén， yī bù jiān cǎi”。 fán“ shǎng cì， jiē shì sǐ shì xūn jì zhī jiā， qīn qī 'ài chǒng wèi céng héng yòu suǒ jí。” tuò bá dào fǎn duì gèng jùn jīng chéng， xiū shì gōng diàn， fǎn duì fó jiào， yán chéng tān guān wū lì， cháng cháng shì cóng 'ài xī mín lì、 wù lì zhuóyǎn de。 tuò bá dào de yī xì liè jié yuē kāi zhī zuò fǎ， wú yí duì bǎo zhèng jūn guó yòng fèi， jiǎn qīng rén mín fù dān qǐ liǎo jī jí zuò yòng。
　　 tuò bá dào zài zhí zhèng de shí jiàn zhōng， zhú jiàn rèn shí dào， yào wéi hù hé gǒng gù zì jǐ de tǒng zhì， bù jǐn xū yào wǔ gōng， ér qiě xū yào“ wén jiào”， jí tōng guò xuān yáng lǐ、 lè、 fǎ dù lái huà mín。 tā zài shén sì nián (431 nián ) qǔ dé bài róu rán， jiàng gāo chē、 miè xià tú de jūn shì shèng lì hòu， jiù tí chū 'ān“ yǎn wǔ xiū wén”。 yǎn wǔ， tā zuò bù dào； xiū wén， què shí shì zhòng shì qǐ lái liǎo。 tā zūn chóng kǒng zǐ， tí chàng rú xué， dà liàng xī shōu hàn zú dì zhù jiē jí zhī shí fènzǐ cān zhèng， mùdì shì yào yòng rú jiā xué shuō tǒng zhì rén mín de sī xiǎng， lì yòng hàn zú zhī shí fènzǐ de zhī shí hé jīng yàn zhì guó 'ān bāng。
　　 tuò bá dào jí wèi hòu， xióng xīn bó bó， nán zhēng běi zhàn， zhù yào shì tōng guò zhàn zhēng shǒu duàn lái jiě jué duì lì zhèng quán jiān de máo dùn。 dàn tuò bá dào bù shì yī gè lǔ mǎng de wǔ fū， ér shì héng gè shàn yú shěn shí duóshì de yòu cè lüè sī xiǎng de zhèng zhì jiā， jūn shì jiā。 tā zài cǎi qǔ zhàn zhēng shǒu duàn de tóng shí， gēn jù xíng shì， yě lì zhēng tōng guò tōng shǐ、 gòng cì、 lián yīn， huǎn hé yǔ dí duì zhèng quán jiān de máo dùn， jiàn lì yǒu hǎo guān xì。 tuò bá dào tǒng zhì de 30 nián jiān， běi wèi hé róu rán、 liú sòng、 xià， běi yàn、 běi liáng， hù tōng shǐ jié， xiāng hù gòng cì cái wù de shì shí bù shèng méi jǔ。 xiāng hù lián yīn， yě bù fá qí lì。 rú shén yuán nián (428 nián )， tuò bá dào bǎ fú lǔ de xià guó zhù hè lián chāng yíng zhì shǒu dū píng chéng， bù jǐn gòngfèng fēng hòu， fēng jué wéi wáng， bìng yǐ qí mèi shǐ píng gōng zhù qī zhī。 zài cǐ zhī qián， tuò bá dào yǐ nà xià zhù chāng de sān gè mèi mèi wéi guì pǐ， bìng lì qí yī mèi wéi huáng hòu。 yán hé 'èr nián (433 nián )， tuò bá dào pài shǐ chén cè fēng běi liáng zhù jù qú mù jiàn wéi wáng， bìng yǐ mèi wǔ wēi gōng zhù qī zhī， nà běi liáng zhù zhī mèi wéi zhāo yí。 yán hé sān nián， tuò bá dào yǐ hǎi xī gōng zhù jià róu rán hàn wú tí， bìng nà qí mèi wéi fū rén。 tài píng zhēn jūn shí yī nián， tuò bá dào shuài jūn fá sòng， zhí dǐ guā bù。 zài shèng lì xíng shì xià， tā zhù dòng qiǎn shǐ qiú hé、 qǐng hūn。 tā yǐ qí sūn shì sòng shǐ yuē：“ wú yuǎn lái zhì cǐ， fēi yù wéi gōng míng， shí yù jì hǎo xī mín， yǒng jié yuán yuán。 sòng ruò néng yǐ nǚ qī cǐ sūn， wǒ yǐ nǚ qī wǔ líng wáng， zì jīn pǐ mǎ bù fù nán gù。” biǎo shì liǎo tā yào tōng guò lián yīn， jiàn lì yǒu hǎo guān xì de yuàn wàng。 dāng rán tuò bá dào cǎi yòng lián yīn、 tōng shǐ、 gòng cì děng shǒu duàn de dòng jī， bìng bù shì hěn chún zhèng de。 dàn zài zhàn luàn nián dài， jí shǐ shì duǎn qī de hé píng， duì huī fù shè huì shēng chǎn， jiǎn qīng rén mín tòng kǔ dōushì yòu hǎo chù de。 tuò bá dào wèile wán chéng tǒng yī dà yè， néng yòu xiào dì shǐ yòng zhàn zhēng hé hé píng shǒu duàn， zú jiàn tā shì tuò bá dào duì jīng jì， sī xiǎng wén huà jiàn shè yě hěn zhòng shì。 tā shuō：“ cái zhě， jūn guó zhī běn”。 tā dǒng dé wù zhì cái fù shì guān xì dào zhàn zhēng shèng fù， zhèng quán cún wáng de dà shì。《 wèi shū》 jìzǎi：“ shì zǔ jì wèi， kāi tuò sì hǎi， yǐ wǔ fāng zhī mín gè yòu qí xìng， gù bèi qí jiào bù gǎi qí sú， qí qí zhèng bù yì qí yí， nà qí fāng gòng yǐ chōng cāng lǐn， shōu qí huò wù yǐ shí kùzàng， yòu yú suì shí qǔ niǎo shòu zhī dēng yú zǔ yòng zhě yǐ rèn shàn fǔ。” tā gēn jù qí tǒng zhì qū mín zú zhòng duō， shēng chǎn fāng shì bù yī děng qíng kuàng， jiān chí shí xíng bù gǎi biàn gè zú rén mín chuán tǒng shēng chǎn fāng shì、 shēng huó fāng shì hé fēng sú xí guàn de zhèng cè。 jì zhòng shì hàn zú rén mín nóng yè shēng chǎn， yě zhòng shì shǎo shù mín zú de xùmù shè liè xí guàn。 tōng guò fā zhǎn nóng mù yè shēng chǎn， zhēng shōu rén mín zū diào， jiē shòu gè zú cháo gòng hé tōng guò zhàn zhēng lüè duó děng shǒu duàn lái zēng jiā wù zhì cái fù， bǎo zhèng jūn guó fèi yòng。
　　 tóng shí， tuò bá dào yòu zhe shí rén zhī míng， jǐn jǐn tuī jiàn liǎng gè gù shì gěi dà jiā kàn
　　
　　 zuì zhōng guī suǒ
　　 tuò bá dào wǎn nián pí qì bào zào， zài wǎn nián de shí hòu， zhū lù guò duō。 ér tā què yòu cháng cháng zài shā wán rén zhī hòu hòu huǐ mò jí。 yóu yú xíng fá yán kù， guó nèi céng jīng jǐ dù zhèng zhì hùn luàn。
　　 tuò bá dào de pí qì bào zào， ér tā què fēi cháng zhòng xìn yì， jiǎng gǎn qíng， yòu zhe fēi cháng zhí shuài de hái zǐ qì。 lì shǐ yě shì zhè me qiǎo hé， jiù zài tài wǔ huáng dì běi guī hòu， què yīn wéi huàn guān duì tā de gǔ huò 'ér zhū shā liǎo tài zǐ， zhī hòu nà huàn guān yóu yú hài pà tuò bá dào fā xiàn zì jǐ de wū xiàn zhī zuì， biàn xiān xià shǒu wéi qiáng。 yī gè dōng zhēng xī tǎo shā rén wàn jì de rén， yī gè róu rán wàn shù tiě qí wéi bù zhù、 bǎi cì zhàn zhēng fǒu shí méi fàn shēn de yī gè tiān mìng de huáng dì， què hěn sǐ zài liǎo yī gè míng jiào zōng 'ài de huàn guān shǒu zhōng。 ér zài nán cháo de huáng dì liú yì lóng yě hěn kuài sǐ zài zì jǐ de 'ér zǐ shǒu lǐ。 liú sòng de guó yùn suí zhe liú yì lóng de sǐ 'ér shuāi bài。 ér tài wǔ dì suǒ chuàng zào de hè hè wǔ gōng què méi yòu suí tā de sǐ 'ér mòluò， tā wèitā de zǐ sūn liú xià liǎo yī gè qiáng dà de guó jiā。 tā chuàng zào liǎo yī gè shí dài， yī gè tiě qí zhēng róng de shí dài . yī gè zhōng guó lì shǐ shàng de nán běi shí dài。 yī gè shàng wǔ de běi cháo - suí táng shí dài。
　　 tuò bá dào zhuàng dà liǎo běi wèi , jié shù liǎo yī gè bàn shì jì de zhōng yuán hùn zhàn , cóng wèitā de zǐ sūn -- běi wèi xiào wén dì qù kāi zhǎn mín zú róng hé , jù jué mín zú qí shì de zhè yī huó dòng tí gōng liǎo yī gè wěn dìng de huán jìng .

　　Unity north Mata Rouran
　　Sung people's evaluation: "Buddha raccoon usurp false, Mi incite male prestige, the British strategy for map, driving before the old thing, although the birds of prey Modu Yong, Xiao Qiang Tan stone, and also can not. Sithon river right, the East held Long stone tablet, all in all Rong shortage, land and thousands of miles, even riding a million. "
　　Military strategist, an excellent cavalry commander. The word Buddha raccoon, the Department of Xianbei Tuoba people. Northern Wei Tai Chang eight (423) November emperor. He re-Hao Han aristocratic families such as policy makers, to grasp the opportunity operations. He is very good at using the cavalry, and cavalry blitzkrieg created a prototype. He ascended the throne at the beginning, is teaching political corruption, good governance, has Gongmie Northern Yan, Northern Liang, Hu discuss mountain, descending Shanshan, by Tuyuhun, take Southern Liu Song of Hulao (today Xingyang sishui town), slide (now in Henan Hua County East) and other places, the unification of northern China. Army attack Mobei plateau, big break Rouran, which became Europe's Alba Megatron people. In previous wars, and often personally led his army to war and decisive, careful planning, attention to tactics, command and flexible. Or reservation in hand, Qingqi attack, or to lure the enemy out of the city, had laid an ambush to surround and annihilate, and they tend to be victory. Beginning of light years (427), Wei Jun Gong, the summer capital of Tongwan (now Inner Mongolia Wushen Southwest), the Tuoba Shou will focus on the ambush in the valley, leading to the city to a small amount of cavalry, under intentional sign of weakness, induced from the stick of the Xia Jun Kennedy Town, when the summer when the army chased out of town, but also the potential to adopt Hao divide our forces out of the passage of the plan was the fruit victory (see Wikipedia: Northern Attack Summer Tongwancheng war). He led the Northern troops crusade desert tribes - Rouran. Especially in the 429, he made war on Rouran one of the most brilliant victories. Since then, the Northern Wei Dynasty in the following break Hun Han, the central plains of the steppe tribes dynasty made operational once again a major military victory (see Wikipedia: Northern broken Rouran war) he will often be selected only from the Zu Wu, with its long. Strictly military, not left cheap reward, punish or avoid you. His life, plain frugal, mighty bold, resolute self-discipline, his frank and candid, like listening to old Bute, Gao Yun and other outspoken remonstrances were loyal, but the penalty was too harsh in his later years, killing over. Reigned 29 years, is flat in March by two eunuchs were loved (when he was in regular attendants) assassination.
　　Emperor is also very clear too frugal life, hate luxury. After entering the Tongwancheng, Tuoba Shou see Xiaguo Huang Palace grandeur, was furious: "Shu Zi of China, such abuse of their resources dare! How can we not die!" Later, the ministers plain speaking, I hope so Emperor to rebuild system million in city and palace decoration Wei. Tuoba Shou disapproval, said: "The old saying goes: 'not in danger in Germany.' Helianbobo made so immense Tongwancheng strong, it was not or was I Gongmie, State ruins a family death. Today the world has not put down, I need to go to war da war manpower, instead of launching people to build housing wall. "As the country's military spending this, Tuoba Shou is not spared.
　　Mata Rouran
　　AD 425, because the war just past the near, both sides in the rest troops Tuoba Shou then give a full break, attack Rouran big break Rouran main army. Since then, beginning the Great Northern on the strategic counteroffensive Rouran prelude.
　　He went into the Mobei, finally Rouran "terror into the North channeling, not complex south", "border police carry on interest rates."
　　Road of Liu Wei returned fire Rouran Rukou 2 3 0 Rouran false surrender Rouran Tributary 1
　　This spans the era of squirming Ru Kou Wen Wei retaliate 0 0 3 squirming squirming false surrender a tribute
　　430, Southern's Liu Song Emperor Liu Yilong Northern Expedition, Wei Wang Huilong soldiers, Yan-Ben Han of, and Antonio, who led his army off the stubborn resistance to defeat the Liu Song.
　　November: "Liu Yi Long Lu Cui Prefecture city of evil interest rates are down. To messenger to Tailao worship of Confucius. Prince, inferior Pengcheng, thus becoming Xu Yi."
　　But he, on the Song of the war, although the victory, but so tired soldiers and civilians, and the expedition but also cost more financial and material resources, the officers and men infected, although it relative to the Southern and Northern dynasties of the loss is very small, but many outstanding soldiers in the back to Northern Dynasty, the seriously ill can not afford to make "people hate."
　　Tuoba Shou suppression of Buddhism, is a major event in the history of the Northern Wei Dynasty in China, is famous feudal history. Too extended for four years, Pacific Zhenjun five and seven years, he issued an edict against the three Buddhist statues to be broken all over the country, the burning of Buddhist scriptures, Heaven's monks. Do not pay taxes, lord of the expansion of the number of monks, will greatly reduce the government's fiscal revenue; Temple, Tower, by, like the increase of human society, the great waste of resources. This Tuoba Shou strongly advocated the development of production, save costs and increase material wealth, to ensure the cost of the military policies of the country in conflict. In Tuoba Shou promote "culture and education" should Confucianism "together government" and "political Qi customs" of the case, he considered that to allow "virtual birthday without" and "barbarian" of Buddhism spread far and wide, only incurred, "Mr James O'Neil big bad", "days often chaos," "Fa-waste and no" consequences. Therefore, the Tuoba Shou to resolutely crack down on Buddhism, is very natural. Tuoba Shou Confucius and suppression of Buddhism, is conducive to social and economic development, promote the process of the Northern Wei feudal. However, because this is the first time the suppression of Buddhism movement, can not learn from past experience, the government adopted the Northern Wei Tuoba Shou means perfect, some degree too radical, but it has to struggle after a deep anti-Buddhist impact and valuable experience.
　　Tuoba Shou special attention to the army. Hunting the Mongolian steppe nomadic life, tempered Xianbei people into strong, agile and brave character and superb riding and shooting skills. Army, especially cavalry, is an important tool for the Northern Wei win the victory. Tuoba Shou order to improve the military's combat strength, repeated under the edict, stated discipline. He War "loyal dried Festival", "Tao-Feng fulfill difficult" men, or promoted into the Jazz, or reward to people, livestock and gold and silver, antiques, silk fabrics silk and other material; on those who violate discipline, then severely punished, Although a senior official Qin Gui, not wide margin. Such as Hill Descent noble pile, when the Ming Emperor Yuan to military merit Monkey, Tuoba Shou public when the seal. God first year (428 years), he ordered his troops out of the Office Sagong Xi Xia king's younger brother, Helian time, when he heard the news Xi Hall defeated and captured, abandoned soldiers and go race. Tuoba Shou order to escape the mound heap Threatened beheaded. Pacific Zhenjun five years (444 years), Zhongshan Wang Chen, a high official within the Block are identified Xue, Shang Xi dependents other eight will "take hit Rouran later, Jin was all the South." Book of Order Liu Jie, because Jiaozhaogaiyi crusade Rouran Zhujiang the session, to a "Rouran Yuandun, chase of less than" guilty of accepting bribes and other crimes in addition, Tuoba Shou ordered the "barbarians of their prize." Pacific Zhenjun eight years (447 years), Fufeng AD Office did so eight will, in the suppression of the uprising Wu cover a war, the "Pirates of the failed military capital, where looting, stolen the 10 million, well cut of."
　　He often will only be selected from the Zu Wu, using their skills. Strictly military, not left cheap reward, punish or avoid expensive, but kill too many.
　　Tuoba Shou to save money, reduce waste also praised the country as a guarantee that the military use of important measures. History contains his "prime rate of the Qing Jian, clothes drink royal meal, take to it, poor Jennifer Lai, Fuji food taste, but fortunately Zhao Yi, honored person, clothes and color." Where "reward, are all dead things Meritorious home, relatives and the pet has not cross." Tuoba Shou Chun against more capital, modified palace, against the Buddhists, severely punish corrupt officials, often from the care of their resources, material resources focus of. Tuoba Shou series of cost-saving practices, will undoubtedly ensure the military state with fees, to reduce the burden the people played an active role.
　　Tuoba Shou throne, the ambitious, Civil war, mainly through war means to resolve the contradiction between opposing the regime. But Tuoba Shou is not a reckless military man but - a good size up the situation of a strategic thinking statesman, military strategist. He means to war, while, according to the situation, but also strive to make by-pass, Tribute, marriage, and hostility to ease the conflict between the regime and establish friendly relations. Tuoba Shou 30-year rule, the Northern Wei and Rouran, Liu Song, Xia, northern Yan, Northern Liang, exchange ambassadors, the fact that each property Tribute numerous. Marry each other, but also many examples. If God the first year (428 years), Tuoba Shou summer to capture the main Helian country to the capital of Chang Ying-Ping Cheng, dedicated not only to rich, knighted as the king and the princess their sister wives start level. Prior to this, Tuoba Shou Xia Zhuchang already paid for your destroyed three sisters and signed one for the Queen's sister. Extension and two years (433 years), Tuoba Shou sent envoys canonization of Northern Liang main Juqu key is king, and to his wife the Princess Wuwei sister, the sister of the Lord is satisfied for the Northern Liang Zhao Yi. Extension and three years to Hercynian princess married Tuoba Shou Wu Rouran Khan mention and accept his sister as his wife. Pacific Zhenjun 10 year Tuoba Shou his troops Fa Song, reaching melon step. The situation in the victory, he sent envoys active sum, please marriage. He said its Sun Song to say: "I well to this point, the non-prefer to give fame, really want a good interest rate, following the people, never fates got tied aid. Song to women if the Sun's wife, my wife and Wuling Wang F, since this piece Malaysia no longer South Gu. "he said through marriage, to establish friendly relations. Of course Tuoba Shou with marriage, through to, Tribute and other means of motivation, not very authentic. But in the war years, even if short-term peace, the restoration of social production, reduce the suffering of the people are good. Tuoba Shou order to complete the great cause of reunification, can effectively use the tools of war and peace, indicates the economy is Tuoba Shou, also attached great importance to ideological and cultural construction. He said: "Finance is, forces of this country." He knows how material wealth is related to the outcome of a war, political survival of the event. "Wei Shu" recorded: "ancestor to the throne, to develop universally applicable to five parties of the people have their own sex, so times do not change the customs of their religion, Qi Qizheng difficult the times, satisfied that his side Depository tribute to charge to close its goods in real treasury, but also take the animals in the age of the users registered in ZU meal to fill up the government. "areas under his rule, many people in different production methods, etc., insist on the people of all ethnic groups do not change the traditional mode of production, lifestyles and customs policy. Not only to the Han people in agricultural production, but also focus on minority Animal Hunting habits. Through the development of agricultural production, the collection of people rent adjustment, acceptance of all tribute, and plunder through the means of war to increase the material wealth to ensure that the cost of militarism.
　　Meanwhile, the Tuoba Shou Ming person with knowledge, only recommend two stories for all to see

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