| 字： | 佛狸 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 網筆號： | 太武皇帝 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 廟號： | 世祖 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 陵墓： | 雲中金陵 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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馬踏柔然 統一北方
北魏太武帝拓跋燾鐵騎崢嶸的一生
魏國人的評價:“世祖聰明雄斷，威豪傑立，藉二世之資，奮徵伐之氣，遂戎軒四出，周旋險夷。掃統萬，平秦隴，翦遼海，蕩河源，南夷荷擔，北蠕削跡，廓定四表，混一戎華，其為功也大矣。遂使有魏之業，光邁百王，豈非神睿經綸，事當命世？”
宋國人的評價：“佛狸篡偽，彌煽雄威，英圖武略，事駕前古，雖冒頓之鷙勇，檀石之驍強，亦不能及也。西吞河右，東舉竜碣，總括戎荒，地兼萬裏，連騎百萬。”
太武帝綜述
北魏第三位皇帝（423年—452年在位），北魏明元帝拓跋嗣的長子，享年44歲。
軍事傢，優秀的騎兵統帥。字佛狸，鮮卑族拓跋部人。北魏泰常八年 (423)十一月即皇帝位。他重用漢世傢大族崔浩等為謀臣，把握作戰時機。他非常善於使用騎兵，並且開創了騎兵閃擊戰的雛形。他從即位之初，便整治吏治，勵精圖治，先後攻滅北燕、北涼，討山鬍，降鄯善，逐吐𠔌渾，取南朝劉宋的虎牢（今河南滎陽汜水鎮）、滑臺（今河南滑縣東）等地，統一了中國北方。兵伐漠北高原，大破柔然，後者成為威震歐洲的阿爾瓦人。在歷次戰爭中，常親自率軍出徵，决策果斷，部署周密，講究戰法，指揮靈活。或分道並進，輕騎奔襲，或誘敵出城，設伏圍殲，因而多獲勝利。始光四年 (427)，魏軍攻夏都統萬城（今內蒙古烏審旗西南）時，拓跋燾將主力埋伏在山𠔌中，以少量騎兵直抵城下，故意示弱，誘固守之夏軍脫離堅城，當夏軍出城追逐時，又采納崔浩分兵潛出襲其後之計，果獲全勝（參見百科：北魏攻夏統萬城之戰）。他率領北魏軍隊討伐大漠部落——柔然。尤其是在429年，他對柔然作戰中取得了最輝煌的一次戰果。從此，北魏在繼漢武帝破匈奴之後，中原王朝對草原部落作戰又一次取得了重大的軍事勝利（參見百科：北魏破柔然之戰）他常從卒伍中選拔將纔，用其所長。治軍嚴格，賞不遺賤，罰不避貴。他在生活中，樸素節儉，威武豪邁，剛毅自律，直爽坦率，喜歡聽取古弼，高允等忠臣們直言不諱的進諫，但是在晚年卻刑罰過於殘酷，誅戮過多。在位29年，正平二年三月被宦官宗愛（時任中常侍）暗殺。
統一北方
427年，他率軍攻赫連夏，發生了非常著名的北魏攻夏統萬城之戰，這是一場空前的“騎兵攻城”的戰例，備受後世的軍事傢們所推崇。
太武帝生活也十分清儉，討厭奢華。在進入統萬城之後，拓跋燾見夏國皇宮富麗堂皇，大發雷霆：“竪子之國，竟敢如此濫用民力！怎能不滅亡！” 後來，群臣進諫，希望太武帝能夠重修統萬城，並裝飾北魏宮殿。拓跋燾不以為然，說：“古人說得好：‘在德不在險。’赫連勃勃造了那麽堅固無比的統萬城，最後不還是被朕攻滅，國破傢亡。如今天下還沒有平定，朕更需要人力上戰場去da仗，而不是發動老百姓去建造房屋城墻。”而作為國本的軍事上的開銷，拓跋燾則絶不吝惜。
至此，拓跋燾已經打敗了當時中原之地的最大勁敵。之後，他又討滅山鬍，降伏鄯善，嚮西遠逐吐𠔌渾。公元431年，夏國滅亡。公元436年，北燕滅亡。
公元439年，拓跋燾進軍北涼都城姑藏，北涼滅亡。從而結束了從八王之亂起，將近一百五十年的北方混戰的局面，統一了中國北方，至此，使中原老百姓的生活得以安定下來。
馬踏柔然
在嚮東西擴張的同時，北魏也受到北方柔然的威脅。拓跋燾十二歲便遠赴河套保衛長城抗擊柔然的入侵，把邊塞軍務整頓的有聲有色。
始光元年（公元 424年）八月，太武帝拓跋燾（公元 408—452年）即位不久，柔然牟汗紇升蓋可汗大檀率 6萬騎兵進犯雲中（今內蒙古和林格爾），拓跋燾率軍赴擊，被柔然軍團包圍50餘圈。左右大懼，但見拓跋燾聲色剛毅威嚴，不為所動，軍心這纔穩定下來。北魏射殺柔然大將，柔然乃退。
公元425年，因為戰事剛剛過去不久，雙方都在休整部隊，拓跋燾於是放棄了全面的休整，突襲柔然，大破柔然軍隊主力。從此，拉開了北魏對柔然的戰略大反攻的序幕。
從光始元年(424年)，至太平真君十午(449年)25年間，多次車駕親徵，深入漠北，終於使柔然“怖成北竄，不敢復南”，“邊疆息警矣”。
拓跋燾13次率軍進攻柔然。尤其是429年，拓跋燾分兵兩路，取道黑山（今內蒙古和林格爾西北）和大娥山，大舉攻打柔然。東路由拓跋燾親自率領輕騎軍長途奔襲，出奇製勝，很快就抵達慄水（今蒙古西北翁金河）。柔然的軍民個個嚇得大驚失色，拓跋燾領軍縱深穿插，俘虜敵軍甚衆。自此，柔然勢力削弱，為穩定北方創造了有利條件。柔然可汗遠遁，北方邊塞得以安靜。
他深入漠北，終於使柔然“怖成北竄，不敢復南”，“邊疆息警矣”。
於是拓跋燾又擊潰高句麗、柔然附屬部落，擴地千餘裏。
以下是從專傢論文——北魏的北邊防務與柔然的徵戰關係中，抄過來的
道武帝時代 柔然入寇 2 北魏還擊 3 柔然朝貢0 柔然詐降 1
明元帝時代 蠕蠕入寇 3 北魏還擊 4 蠕蠕朝貢 0 柔然詐降 1
太武帝時代 蠕蠕入寇 4 北魏還擊 13 蠕蠕朝貢 6 蠕蠕詐降 4
文成帝時代 蠕蠕入寇 0 北魏還擊 3 蠕蠕朝貢 0 蠕蠕詐降 1
在北魏諸多帝王中,惟有拓跋燾對柔然取得了軍事上的巨大勝利.柔然也從此一蹶不振了.柔然由於在北魏太武帝時期損失頗重,便走嚮衰落了.北魏分裂之時,柔然又小牛了一把,不過由於它早已實力不濟,很快便分崩離析了.
擊敗南朝
430年，南朝的劉宋皇帝劉義隆北伐，北魏將士王慧竜、韓延之、司馬休之等人率軍頑強抵抗，擊退了劉宋。
450年，宋文帝急於求功，聽不進老臣宿將的意見，輕啓兵端。在進軍初其的時候很順利。但是到了十月，反而招致北魏拓跋燾大舉南下反攻：
10月末：“鼕十月癸亥，車駕（拓跋燾）止枋頭。（拓跋燾）詔殿中尚書長孫真率騎五千自石濟渡，備玄謨遁走。乙醜，車駕濟河。玄謨大懼，棄軍而走。衆各潰散，追躡斬首萬餘級。器械山積。帝遂至東平。蕭斌之棄濟州，退保歷城。（拓跋燾）乃命諸將分道並進：使徵西大將軍、永昌王仁（拓跋仁）自洛陽出壽春，尚書長孫真（長孫翰的兒子）趨馬頭，楚王建（拓跋建）趨鐘離，高涼王那（拓跋那）自青州趨下邳。”
11月：“劉義隆魯郡太守崔邪利率屬城降。使使者以太牢祀孔子。壬子，次於彭城，遂趨盱眙。”
12月：“劉義隆將軍鬍崇之等率衆二萬援盱眙。燕王譚（拓跋譚）大破之，梟崇之等，斬首萬餘級，淮南皆降。是月，永昌王仁（拓跋仁）攻懸瓠，拔之，獲義隆守將趙淮，送京師斬之。過定項城，及淮西，大破劉義隆將劉康祖，斬之，並俘虜將軍鬍盛之、王羅漢等，傳緻行宮。癸未，車駕（拓跋燾）臨江，起行宮於瓜步山。永昌王仁（拓跋仁）自歷陽至於江西，高涼王那（拓跋那）自山陽至於廣陵，諸軍皆同日臨江，所過城邑，莫不望塵奔潰，其降者不可勝數。”
至此，拓跋燾實現了“飲馬長江”的志願，而劉義隆衹落得“倉皇北顧”。拓跋燾五路遠征軍直達長江北岸，其中，拓跋燾親自率領的北魏主力兵抵瓜步山(今江蘇六合東南)，與劉宋首都隔江相望，使得南朝大為震動。其他各路也先後到達江淮一帶。但魏軍還不具備渡江滅亡南朝的條件，並且北方人不習慣南方氣候，軍中士卒多染病，魏軍在江邊掠民燒屋後退軍。
不過他在對宋的戰爭中，雖然大勝，但使軍民疲憊，並且遠征也消耗了較多的財力物力，將士染病，儘管相對於南朝來說，北朝的各項損失是非常少的，但是很多優秀將士在回到北朝之後，重病不起，使得“國人怨恨”。
450年，失敗後的劉宋不僅輸掉了戰爭。也輸掉了苦苦積纍的小康盛世。也輸掉了國運。兩個年紀相仿（劉義隆比拓跋燾大一歲）的皇帝終於在最終分出了高下。也為後世北強南弱的歷史趨勢奠定了基礎。
太武滅佛
拓跋燾滅佛，在北魏史上是一件大事，在中國封建史上也是很有名的。太延四年，太平真君五年和七年，他三次下詔打擊佛教，要全國各地碎佛像、焚佛經、誅殺僧侶。不負擔賦稅，徭役的僧侶人數膨脹，就會大大減少政府的財政收入；寺、塔、經、像的增多，是社會人力，物力的極大浪費。這與拓跋燾大力提倡發展生産、節約開支，增加物質財富，保證軍國費用的方針政策相抵觸。在拓跋燾大力提倡“文教”，要以儒學“一齊政化”、“政齊風俗”的情況下，他認為讓“虛誕不經”的“鬍人”的佛教廣為流傳，衹會招致“禮義大壞”、“天常大亂”、“王法廢而不行”的惡果。因此，拓跋燾要堅决打擊佛教，是很自然的了。拓跋燾崇儒滅佛，有利於社會經濟的發展，促進了北魏封建化的進程。不過，由於這是歷史上第一次的滅佛運動，沒有過去的可以藉鑒的經驗，所以拓跋燾的北魏政府采取的手段過硬，程度有些過於激進，但是這也給以後的反佛鬥爭以深刻影響和寶貴經驗。
太武帝的軍歌嘹亮
拓跋燾取得北挫柔然，南敗劉宋，消滅中原割據勢力的勝利而統一北方，除憑惜其祖父，父親給創立的基礎外，他自己采取了一係列正確的軍事、經濟、政治措施，更是重要因素。
拓跋燾特別重視軍隊建設。蒙古大草原的遊牧射獵生活，鍛煉了鮮卑人健壯的體魄，剽悍的性格和高超的騎射技藝。軍隊，特別是騎兵，是北魏剋敵緻勝的重要工具。拓跋燾為了提高軍隊的戰鬥力，屢下詔令，申明紀律。他對戰爭中“盡忠竭節”，“蹈鋒履難”的將士，或升官進爵，或賞賜以人口、牲畜及金銀、古玩、繒帛等物質；對違犯軍紀者，則給予嚴懲，雖親貴重臣，也不寬貸。如鮮卑貴族丘堆，明元帝時以軍功封侯，拓跋燾時封公。神 元年(428年)，他與司空奚廳奉命率軍退出夏國王之弟赫連定時，當他聽到奚廳兵敗被俘消息，競棄兵而走。拓跋燾下令將臨危脫逃的丘堆斬首。太平真君五年(444年)，中山王辰、內都座大官薛辨、尚書奚眷等八將，“坐擊柔然後期，靳於都南”。尚書令劉潔，因矯詔改易討伐柔然諸將的會期，緻“柔然遠遁，追之不及”，加之犯受賄等罪，拓跋燾下令“夷其三族”。太平真君八年(447年)，扶風公元處真等八將，在鎮壓吳蓋起義的戰爭中，“盜沒軍資，所在擄掠，贓各千萬，井斬之”。
拓跋燾很好地使用了其掌握的賞罰之權，整肅了軍紀。另外，拓跋燾本人，在戰爭中身先士卒，衝鋒陷陣的英勇精神，對激勵將士奮勇殺敵，保證戰鬥勝利也起了積極作用。如始光四年(427年)，拓跋燾親率三萬輕騎，突擊夏國都城統萬。他與將士一道，頂着風沙，強忍饑渴，和夏軍惡戰於統萬城外。他曾因馬蹶而墜地，上馬後仍繼續戰鬥，速殺夏將十餘人。後又“身中流矢”，但他仍然“奮擊不輟”。由於拓跋燾領導的軍隊紀律嚴明，在戰鬥中又能身先士卒，“是以人思效命，所嚮無前。”！
拓跋燾賞罰分明，他常挂在嘴邊的一句話是：“法者，朕與天下共之，何敢輕也。”拓跋燾成年後，頗識事體，生活十分清儉，討厭奢華。儉樸耐苦，而賞賜功臣絶無吝惜。
他常從卒伍中選拔將纔，用其所長。治軍嚴格，賞不遺賤，罰不避貴，但誅戮過多。
太延五年(439年)，拓跋燾采納高允“廣田積𠔌”的建議漢，下令“悉除田禁，以賦百姓”。太平真君五年(444年)，他采納古弼建議，削減上𠔌苑囿之半為民田。太平真君末年，太子拓跋晃監國，推行有牛和無牛人戶換工種田做法，“墾田大為增闢”。農業隨着耕田數量擴大而大大增産。始光三年(426年)，拓跋燾詔罷衆多的雜營戶隸屬郡縣，增加了納稅人戶。另外，拓跋燾屢下“宜寬租賦，與民休息”的詔令。他還奬勵“勸農平賦”的守宰，嚴懲貪官污吏。以上做法，減輕了人民負擔，促進了農業生産的發展。
北魏前期，畜牧業在社會經濟中仍占重要地位。它是財富和戰馬的主要來源。畜牧業形勢好壞，不僅關係到財政形勢，並將直接影響到以騎兵為主力的軍隊的素質。因此，拓跋燾對畜牧業的發展是十分重視的。神 二年(429年)打敗柔然、高車之後，拓跋燾“徙柔然、高車降附之民於漠南，東至濡源，西至五原、陰山，使其耕牧而收其貢賦。……自是魏之民間，馬牛羊其氈皮為之價賤。”神 中，“世祖之平統萬，定秦隴，以河西水草善，乃以為牧地。畜産滋息，馬至二百餘萬匹，橐駝將半之，牛羊則無數。”這些記載，反映了拓跋燾對畜牧業的重視，及當時畜牧業的繁榮狀況。
拓跋燾把節約開支，減少浪費也當作保證軍國贊用的重要措施。史載他“性清儉率素，服禦飲膳，取給而已，不好珍麗，食不二味，所幸昭儀、貴人，衣不兼彩”。凡“賞賜，皆是死事勳績之傢，親戚愛寵未曾橫有所及。”拓跋燾反對更竣京城，修飾宮殿，反對佛教，嚴懲貪官污吏，常常是從愛惜民力、物力着眼的。拓跋燾的一係列節約開支作法，無疑對保證軍國用費，減輕人民負擔起了積極作用。
拓跋燾在執政的實踐中，逐漸認識到，要維護和鞏固自己的統治，不僅需要武功，而且需要“文教”，即通過宣揚禮、樂、法度來化民。他在神 四年(431年)取得敗柔然，降高車、滅夏圖的軍事勝利後，就提出安“偃武修文”。偃武，他做不到；修文，確實是重視起來了。他尊崇孔子，提倡儒學，大量吸收漢族地主階級知識分子參政，目的是要用儒傢學說統治人民的思想，利用漢族知識分子的知識和經驗治國安邦。
拓跋燾即位後，雄心勃勃，南徵北戰，主要是通過戰爭手段來解决對立政權間的矛盾。但拓跋燾不是一個魯莽的武夫，而是—個善於審時度勢的有策略思想的政治傢，軍事傢。他在采取戰爭手段的同時，根據形勢，也力爭通過通使、貢賜、聯姻，緩和與敵對政權間的矛盾，建立友好關係。拓跋燾統治的30年間，北魏和柔然、劉宋、夏，北燕、北涼，互通使節，相互貢賜財物的事實不勝枚舉。相互聯姻，也不乏其例。如神 元年(428年)，拓跋燾把俘虜的夏國主赫連昌迎至首都平城，不僅供奉豐厚，封爵為王，並以其妹始平公主妻之。在此之前，拓跋燾已納夏主昌的三個妹妹為貴圮，並立其一妹為皇后。延和二年(433年)，拓跋燾派使臣册封北涼主沮渠牧鍵為王，並以妹武威公主妻之，納北涼主之妹為昭儀。延和三年，拓跋燾以海西公主嫁柔然汗吳提，並納其妹為夫人。太平真君十一年，拓跋燾率軍伐宋，直抵瓜步。在勝利形勢下，他主動遣使求和、請婚。他以其孫示宋使曰：“吾遠來至此，非欲為功名，實欲繼好息民，永結緣援。宋若能以女妻此孫，我以女妻武陵王，自今匹馬不復南顧。”表示了他要通過聯姻，建立友好關係的願望。當然拓跋燾采用聯姻、通使、貢賜等手段的動機，並不是很純正的。但在戰亂年代，即使是短期的和平，對恢復社會生産，減輕人民痛苦都是有好處的。拓跋燾為了完成統一大業，能有效地使用戰爭和和平手段，足見他是拓跋燾對經濟，思想文化建設也很重視。他說：“財者，軍國之本”。他懂得物質財富是關係到戰爭勝負，政權存亡的大事。《魏書》記載：“世祖繼位，開拓四海，以五方之民各有其性，故倍其教不改其俗，齊其政不易其宜，納其方貢以充倉廩，收其貨物以實庫藏，又於歲時取鳥獸之登於俎用者以牣膳府。”他根據其統治區民族衆多，生産方式不一等情況，堅持實行不改變各族人民傳統生産方式、生活方式和風俗習慣的政策。既重視漢族人民農業生産，也重視少數民族的畜牧射獵習慣。通過發展農牧業生産，徵收人民租調，接受各族朝貢和通過戰爭掠奪等手段來增加物質財富，保證軍國費用。
同時，拓跋燾有着識人之明，僅僅推薦兩個故事給大傢看
最終歸所
拓跋燾晚年脾氣暴躁，在晚年的時候，誅戮過多。而他卻又常常在殺完人之後後悔莫及。由於刑罰嚴酷，國內曾經幾度政治混亂。
拓跋燾的脾氣暴躁，而他卻非常重信義，講感情，有着非常直率的孩子氣。歷史也是這麽巧合，就在太武皇帝北歸後，卻因為宦官對他的鼓惑而誅殺了太子，之後那宦官由於害怕拓跋燾發現自己的誣陷之罪，便先下手為強。一個東徵西討殺人萬計的人，一個柔然萬數鐵騎圍不住、百次戰爭缶石沒犯身的一個天命的皇帝，卻很死在了一個名叫宗愛的宦官手中。而在南朝的皇帝劉義隆也很快死在自己的兒子手裏。劉宋的國運隨着劉義隆的死而衰敗。而太武帝所創造的赫赫武功卻沒有隨他的死而沒落，他為他的子孫留下了一個強大的國傢。他創造了一個時代，一個鐵騎崢嶸的時代.一個中國歷史上的南北時代。一個尚武的北朝-隋唐時代。
拓跋燾壯大了北魏,結束了一個半世紀的中原混戰,從為他的子孫--北魏孝文帝去開展民族融合,拒絶民族歧視的這一活動提供了一個穩定的環境.
Sung people's evaluation: "Buddha raccoon usurp false, Mi incite male prestige, the British strategy for map, driving before the old thing, although the birds of prey Modu Yong, Xiao Qiang Tan stone, and also can not. Sithon river right, the East held Long stone tablet, all in all Rong shortage, land and thousands of miles, even riding a million. "
Military strategist, an excellent cavalry commander. The word Buddha raccoon, the Department of Xianbei Tuoba people. Northern Wei Tai Chang eight (423) November emperor. He re-Hao Han aristocratic families such as policy makers, to grasp the opportunity operations. He is very good at using the cavalry, and cavalry blitzkrieg created a prototype. He ascended the throne at the beginning, is teaching political corruption, good governance, has Gongmie Northern Yan, Northern Liang, Hu discuss mountain, descending Shanshan, by Tuyuhun, take Southern Liu Song of Hulao (today Xingyang sishui town), slide (now in Henan Hua County East) and other places, the unification of northern China. Army attack Mobei plateau, big break Rouran, which became Europe's Alba Megatron people. In previous wars, and often personally led his army to war and decisive, careful planning, attention to tactics, command and flexible. Or reservation in hand, Qingqi attack, or to lure the enemy out of the city, had laid an ambush to surround and annihilate, and they tend to be victory. Beginning of light years (427), Wei Jun Gong, the summer capital of Tongwan (now Inner Mongolia Wushen Southwest), the Tuoba Shou will focus on the ambush in the valley, leading to the city to a small amount of cavalry, under intentional sign of weakness, induced from the stick of the Xia Jun Kennedy Town, when the summer when the army chased out of town, but also the potential to adopt Hao divide our forces out of the passage of the plan was the fruit victory (see Wikipedia: Northern Attack Summer Tongwancheng war). He led the Northern troops crusade desert tribes - Rouran. Especially in the 429, he made war on Rouran one of the most brilliant victories. Since then, the Northern Wei Dynasty in the following break Hun Han, the central plains of the steppe tribes dynasty made operational once again a major military victory (see Wikipedia: Northern broken Rouran war) he will often be selected only from the Zu Wu, with its long. Strictly military, not left cheap reward, punish or avoid you. His life, plain frugal, mighty bold, resolute self-discipline, his frank and candid, like listening to old Bute, Gao Yun and other outspoken remonstrances were loyal, but the penalty was too harsh in his later years, killing over. Reigned 29 years, is flat in March by two eunuchs were loved (when he was in regular attendants) assassination.
Emperor is also very clear too frugal life, hate luxury. After entering the Tongwancheng, Tuoba Shou see Xiaguo Huang Palace grandeur, was furious: "Shu Zi of China, such abuse of their resources dare! How can we not die!" Later, the ministers plain speaking, I hope so Emperor to rebuild system million in city and palace decoration Wei. Tuoba Shou disapproval, said: "The old saying goes: 'not in danger in Germany.' Helianbobo made so immense Tongwancheng strong, it was not or was I Gongmie, State ruins a family death. Today the world has not put down, I need to go to war da war manpower, instead of launching people to build housing wall. "As the country's military spending this, Tuoba Shou is not spared.
Mata Rouran
AD 425, because the war just past the near, both sides in the rest troops Tuoba Shou then give a full break, attack Rouran big break Rouran main army. Since then, beginning the Great Northern on the strategic counteroffensive Rouran prelude.
He went into the Mobei, finally Rouran "terror into the North channeling, not complex south", "border police carry on interest rates."
Road of Liu Wei returned fire Rouran Rukou 2 3 0 Rouran false surrender Rouran Tributary 1
This spans the era of squirming Ru Kou Wen Wei retaliate 0 0 3 squirming squirming false surrender a tribute
430, Southern's Liu Song Emperor Liu Yilong Northern Expedition, Wei Wang Huilong soldiers, Yan-Ben Han of, and Antonio, who led his army off the stubborn resistance to defeat the Liu Song.
November: "Liu Yi Long Lu Cui Prefecture city of evil interest rates are down. To messenger to Tailao worship of Confucius. Prince, inferior Pengcheng, thus becoming Xu Yi."
But he, on the Song of the war, although the victory, but so tired soldiers and civilians, and the expedition but also cost more financial and material resources, the officers and men infected, although it relative to the Southern and Northern dynasties of the loss is very small, but many outstanding soldiers in the back to Northern Dynasty, the seriously ill can not afford to make "people hate."
Tuoba Shou suppression of Buddhism, is a major event in the history of the Northern Wei Dynasty in China, is famous feudal history. Too extended for four years, Pacific Zhenjun five and seven years, he issued an edict against the three Buddhist statues to be broken all over the country, the burning of Buddhist scriptures, Heaven's monks. Do not pay taxes, lord of the expansion of the number of monks, will greatly reduce the government's fiscal revenue; Temple, Tower, by, like the increase of human society, the great waste of resources. This Tuoba Shou strongly advocated the development of production, save costs and increase material wealth, to ensure the cost of the military policies of the country in conflict. In Tuoba Shou promote "culture and education" should Confucianism "together government" and "political Qi customs" of the case, he considered that to allow "virtual birthday without" and "barbarian" of Buddhism spread far and wide, only incurred, "Mr James O'Neil big bad", "days often chaos," "Fa-waste and no" consequences. Therefore, the Tuoba Shou to resolutely crack down on Buddhism, is very natural. Tuoba Shou Confucius and suppression of Buddhism, is conducive to social and economic development, promote the process of the Northern Wei feudal. However, because this is the first time the suppression of Buddhism movement, can not learn from past experience, the government adopted the Northern Wei Tuoba Shou means perfect, some degree too radical, but it has to struggle after a deep anti-Buddhist impact and valuable experience.
Tuoba Shou special attention to the army. Hunting the Mongolian steppe nomadic life, tempered Xianbei people into strong, agile and brave character and superb riding and shooting skills. Army, especially cavalry, is an important tool for the Northern Wei win the victory. Tuoba Shou order to improve the military's combat strength, repeated under the edict, stated discipline. He War "loyal dried Festival", "Tao-Feng fulfill difficult" men, or promoted into the Jazz, or reward to people, livestock and gold and silver, antiques, silk fabrics silk and other material; on those who violate discipline, then severely punished, Although a senior official Qin Gui, not wide margin. Such as Hill Descent noble pile, when the Ming Emperor Yuan to military merit Monkey, Tuoba Shou public when the seal. God first year (428 years), he ordered his troops out of the Office Sagong Xi Xia king's younger brother, Helian time, when he heard the news Xi Hall defeated and captured, abandoned soldiers and go race. Tuoba Shou order to escape the mound heap Threatened beheaded. Pacific Zhenjun five years (444 years), Zhongshan Wang Chen, a high official within the Block are identified Xue, Shang Xi dependents other eight will "take hit Rouran later, Jin was all the South." Book of Order Liu Jie, because Jiaozhaogaiyi crusade Rouran Zhujiang the session, to a "Rouran Yuandun, chase of less than" guilty of accepting bribes and other crimes in addition, Tuoba Shou ordered the "barbarians of their prize." Pacific Zhenjun eight years (447 years), Fufeng AD Office did so eight will, in the suppression of the uprising Wu cover a war, the "Pirates of the failed military capital, where looting, stolen the 10 million, well cut of."
He often will only be selected from the Zu Wu, using their skills. Strictly military, not left cheap reward, punish or avoid expensive, but kill too many.
Tuoba Shou to save money, reduce waste also praised the country as a guarantee that the military use of important measures. History contains his "prime rate of the Qing Jian, clothes drink royal meal, take to it, poor Jennifer Lai, Fuji food taste, but fortunately Zhao Yi, honored person, clothes and color." Where "reward, are all dead things Meritorious home, relatives and the pet has not cross." Tuoba Shou Chun against more capital, modified palace, against the Buddhists, severely punish corrupt officials, often from the care of their resources, material resources focus of. Tuoba Shou series of cost-saving practices, will undoubtedly ensure the military state with fees, to reduce the burden the people played an active role.
Tuoba Shou throne, the ambitious, Civil war, mainly through war means to resolve the contradiction between opposing the regime. But Tuoba Shou is not a reckless military man but - a good size up the situation of a strategic thinking statesman, military strategist. He means to war, while, according to the situation, but also strive to make by-pass, Tribute, marriage, and hostility to ease the conflict between the regime and establish friendly relations. Tuoba Shou 30-year rule, the Northern Wei and Rouran, Liu Song, Xia, northern Yan, Northern Liang, exchange ambassadors, the fact that each property Tribute numerous. Marry each other, but also many examples. If God the first year (428 years), Tuoba Shou summer to capture the main Helian country to the capital of Chang Ying-Ping Cheng, dedicated not only to rich, knighted as the king and the princess their sister wives start level. Prior to this, Tuoba Shou Xia Zhuchang already paid for your destroyed three sisters and signed one for the Queen's sister. Extension and two years (433 years), Tuoba Shou sent envoys canonization of Northern Liang main Juqu key is king, and to his wife the Princess Wuwei sister, the sister of the Lord is satisfied for the Northern Liang Zhao Yi. Extension and three years to Hercynian princess married Tuoba Shou Wu Rouran Khan mention and accept his sister as his wife. Pacific Zhenjun 10 year Tuoba Shou his troops Fa Song, reaching melon step. The situation in the victory, he sent envoys active sum, please marriage. He said its Sun Song to say: "I well to this point, the non-prefer to give fame, really want a good interest rate, following the people, never fates got tied aid. Song to women if the Sun's wife, my wife and Wuling Wang F, since this piece Malaysia no longer South Gu. "he said through marriage, to establish friendly relations. Of course Tuoba Shou with marriage, through to, Tribute and other means of motivation, not very authentic. But in the war years, even if short-term peace, the restoration of social production, reduce the suffering of the people are good. Tuoba Shou order to complete the great cause of reunification, can effectively use the tools of war and peace, indicates the economy is Tuoba Shou, also attached great importance to ideological and cultural construction. He said: "Finance is, forces of this country." He knows how material wealth is related to the outcome of a war, political survival of the event. "Wei Shu" recorded: "ancestor to the throne, to develop universally applicable to five parties of the people have their own sex, so times do not change the customs of their religion, Qi Qizheng difficult the times, satisfied that his side Depository tribute to charge to close its goods in real treasury, but also take the animals in the age of the users registered in ZU meal to fill up the government. "areas under his rule, many people in different production methods, etc., insist on the people of all ethnic groups do not change the traditional mode of production, lifestyles and customs policy. Not only to the Han people in agricultural production, but also focus on minority Animal Hunting habits. Through the development of agricultural production, the collection of people rent adjustment, acceptance of all tribute, and plunder through the means of war to increase the material wealth to ensure that the cost of militarism.
Meanwhile, the Tuoba Shou Ming person with knowledge, only recommend two stories for all to see
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