姓: | 石 | ||||||||||||
名: | 虎 | ||||||||||||
字: | 季竜 | ||||||||||||
網筆號: | 武皇帝 | ||||||||||||
廟號: | 太祖 | ||||||||||||
籍貫: | 上黨武鄉縣 | ||||||||||||
陵墓: | 顯原陵 | ||||||||||||
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石虎的父親早逝,從小隨母親生活,由後趙皇帝石勒的父親撫養,故有人稱石虎係石勒之弟。當石勒被拐賣到山東時,石虎隨母仍留在山西。此後,由於西晉末年戰亂迭起,石虎與石勒失去聯繫,直到永嘉五年(311年),兄弟二人才得以重新見面。是年,石虎17歲。
石虎作戰英勇,弓馬嫻熟,深得石勒贊賞,被封為徵虜將軍。石虎也因此全力以赴為石勒建立後趙政權東徵西討,立下汗馬功勞,同時他對漢族采取民族滅絶政策“至於降城陷壘,不復斷別善惡,坑斬士女,鮮有遺類。”,嚴重激化了鬍漢矛盾。用石虎後來的話說可謂“端拱指授”、“躬當矢石”。
石勒稱趙王後,封石虎為單於元輔,都督禁衛諸軍事,加侍中、開府,後又封為中山公。石勒稱帝後,任命石虎為太尉,守尚書令,進封中山王,食邑萬戶。此時,石虎滿以為自己功高他人一等,石勒稱帝後必能充任大單於,沒想到衹被封為單於元輔,大單於之職為石勒之子石弘所得,石虎開始對石勒不滿,他曾對子石邃說:”成大趙之業者,我也。大單於之望實在於我,而授黃吻婢幾,每一憶此,令人不復能寢食”,並進而産生了石勒死後反叛思想“待主上晏駕之後,不足復留種也”。後趙延熙元年(333年),石勒死,石虎果然盡殺石勒重臣,並派子石邃率軍捉拿石勒太子大雅,衹緣擔心輿論對自己不利,纔扶大雅做傀儡皇帝,自任丞相、魏王,掌管後趙實權,並將石勒的文武大臣改做丞相閑職,任用自己親信功將擔任要職。然而,石虎並不以此滿足,力圖稱王稱帝。
面對石虎的侵凌,石勒親屬不甘受辱,曾聯兵反抗。先是石勒妻劉氏與子彭城王石堪計謀除石虎,以免後趙國落入石虎手中,造成“養虎自殘”的悲劇。針對當時石勒舊巨大多受貶在京外,京城舊屬又被石虎死死控製難以起事的狀況,準備攜王室離京到兗州(山東鄆城)以廩丘為根據地,扶石勒子南陽王石恢為盟主,宣太後詔今,號召各地牧守聯合起兵從京外發動進攻,討伐石虎。但由於各種原因,最終計劃未成,劉氏、石堪被殺。鎮守洛陽的石朗和鎮守長安的石生聞訊即聯兵起來討伐石虎,亦被石虎所敗。東晉鹹康元年(335年),在滅掉石勒子弟的反抗後,石虎自立為王,稱大趙王,年號建武,將國都從襄國(河北邢臺西南)遷到鄴(河北臨漳縣西南)。同年,石虎將大雅及其弟弟、母親全部殺死,石勒親屬勢力消滅殆盡。鹹康三年(337年),石虎改稱大趙天王,永和五年(349年)改稱趙皇帝,最終取代了石勒趙國。
石虎稱帝後,采取了一係列加強統治的措施。首先加強農業生産。十六國時期,北方戰亂不斷,農業生産遭到破壞,糧食供應成為統治者能否維持統治的關鍵問題。為此,石虎采取各種方法屯集糧食。他先派官員帶領百姓開展屯田,發展農業生産,“使典農中朗將王典率衆萬餘屯田於海濱”,“自幽州東至白狼,大興屯田”。屯田外,還註意屯糧,備賑災荒。將收集到的糧食,依傍河岸建倉儲存,減少百姓轉運的勞煩。此外,下令犯罪者可以糧贖刑,並將這些糧食儲存起來,等到災年,下令開倉賑民供種,提高農民的生産積極性。如鹹康元年(335年)冀州郡遭受冰雹襲擊,大秋作物受到極大損害,石虎一面下書自責,一面派御史發水邊糧倉的麥子給農民作種子。受害嚴重地區,農民可以免一年勞役,以便有時間從事田間勞動。同時,針對將刑徒配作勞工大修冶煉、民怨載道的情況,石虎下令“自今罪犯流徙,皆當申奏,不得輒配也。”禁止把罪犯配作大修冶煉,而“京獄見囚,非手殺人,一皆原之。”使一部分囚徒轉變為農業生産勞動力,發展糧食生産。此外,為確保生産,石虎仿效歷代皇帝,親自在桑欄梓園耕籍田,對地方官吏不修田地農桑者予以貶斥。長樂、衛國的守宰就因不開耕地、不修農桑受到貶職的處分。
在發展農業生産的同時,石虎還註重整頓吏治,進一步推廣儒傢思想,使之成為統治的思想基礎。儒傢思想從漢武帝開始成為統治者的正統思想被歷代尊崇。十六國政權中仰慕漢學、推薦儒教者不少,石趙政權就是其中之一。石勒在位時,曾設置大小學博士,推廣儒學。石虎即位,重新設置國子博士、助教,下詔命郡國立《五經》博士,又遣國子博士到洛陽寫經,於秘書省校中經,命國子祭酒聶熊註《轂梁春秋》做為學校讀本,藉以推廣儒傢思想。
從三國曹魏開始,吏部選官皆以九品官人法為基礎。石虎對之沿用不改,並進一步加強。在他看來,“魏始建九品之製,三年一清定之,雖未盡弘美,亦縉紳之清律,人倫之明鏡。”為此,即位之初,他就下令吏部以九品官人法選拔官吏,然後由中書省、門下省宣佈名單,被宣佈者方可任用為官。詔令同時規定“銓衡不奉行者,御史彈坐以聞。”懲罰那些貪贓枉法、徇私舞弊的選官之官,保證九品官人法的嚴格執行。他罷免了舞弊枉法的吏部郎中魏奐為庶人,任用親信做吏部郎中以整頓吏治。針對當時豪強逞勢、賄賂公行的狀況,石虎選殿中御史李矩為御史中丞,整頓豪強百官,對皇親國戚的違法行為,石虎亦予以懲治。燕公石斌整日沉溺在狂飲田獵中,對邊疆防衛置之不理,石虎得如此事大怒,杖打石斌,並派主書禮儀監管之。石斌不滿禮儀的監管,殺死禮儀,石虎即派尚書張離追拿石斌,鞭笞300下,免官歸第,同時誅殺石斌親信十多人。義陽公石鑒鎮守關中,加重賦稅和勞役,關中百姓怨聲載道。石虎聞知後,將石鑒調回京城,另調石苞鎮守長安,以安關中民心。經過整頓,吏治有所好轉,貪官污吏橫行霸道的局面有所改變,連石虎自己也有感觸,“ 朕聞良臣如猛獸,高步通衢而豺狼避路,信矣哉。”
十六國時期,各國戰爭不斷。石虎即位後,首先出兵北綫進攻遼西鮮卑段遼。他封王華為渡海將軍、桃豹為橫海將軍從海路率十萬軍隊,陸路由竜驤大將軍支雄、冠軍將軍姚弋統步兵十萬做前鋒,海陸兩路進攻段遼,石虎本人領軍做後援。陸路支雄軍長驅入薊,段遼的漁陽(河北薊縣西南)太守馬鮑,代(河北蔚縣)相張牧、北平(河北遵化)相陽裕、上𠔌(河北懷來)相侯龕等40餘城首領相率投降石虎,段遼逃奔密雲山。其左右長史劉群等封府庫投降石虎。石虎軍乘勝追殺,抓獲段遼母妻,斬遼軍鹼千人,段遼單騎逃走。後派子乞特真上表及名馬表示臣服。石虎獲勝後,將段遼的三千萬戶遷到內地的雍、司、兗、豫四州,從中選拔了一些有才能的人為官,充實了石趙政權實力。派撫軍李農為使持節監督遼西北平軍事、守衛東北門戶。
在南綫,石虎派夔安為徵討大都督,領兵七萬進攻東晉的荊揚。其中石閔軍和朱保軍分別擊敗晉軍。張賀度軍攻陷邾城(湖北黃岡縣),晉將黃衝、歷陽太守鄭進領兵投降,夔安掠東晉民戶七萬而還。經過南徵北戰,石虎的勢力不斷加強,後趙國的盈疆界也不斷擴大,鼎盛時有“十州之地”。
石虎即帝位後,以太子石邃處理尚書上奏之類的一般事務,自己負責選派牧守、祀郊廟、决定徵戰、刑斷等。石邃掌管政務後,整日沉溺於荒淫酒色、驕橫無道,遊蕩田獵。石邃負責處理的尚書奏事因不合石虎心願,受到石虎的責駡、杖捶,一月之內就有三次。石邃由此非常憤恨,秘謀殺石虎。他曾對中庶子李顔說過要行冒頓之事,讓李彥與他同舉。此事被石虎發覺,石邃遭到殺生之禍,全家26人,宮臣200餘人同時被殺。此後,石虎將石宣立為太子。
石虎生性殘忍,發傢前,不僅用殘酷的手段先後殺死兩位妻子,即使在軍隊中如果遇到與他一樣強健的戰士,他會以打獵戲鬥為由,藉機將對手殺死,以解心頭之快;戰鬥中,對俘獲的俘虜,不分好壞,不分男女一律坑殺,很少有俘虜生還。稱帝後,本性不改,窮奢極欲,勞民傷財,大肆營建宮殿,百姓的勞役負擔超過任何一代。石虎將都城遷到鄴後,又特地派人到洛陽將九竜、翁仲、銅駝、飛廉轉運到鄴裝點宮殿。在鄴城,石虎又修建臺觀40多所,又營建長安、洛陽的宮殿,兩地服役的人有40多萬。為徵討前燕,石虎令司、冀、青、徐、幽、並、雍兼已免除徭役之傢五丁取三、四丁取二;為了徵討戰爭,石虎又命黃河以南四州之內的人民準備南下進攻的裝備,要求並、朔、秦、雍準備嚮西攻討的物質。各州為石虎徵戰造兵器的就有 50萬人,近100萬人口脫離農業在外為石虎服勞役、軍役,剩下衹有3/10的人口在從事農桑生産。徵發來的百姓,動輒遭到殺生之禍。據載,在徵調做船夫的17萬人中,就有1/3遭殺害。石虎還有意“苦役晉人(漢人)”,擴大鬍漢民族矛盾:“時沙門吳進言於季竜曰:‘鬍運將衰,晉當復興,宜苦役晉人以厭其氣。’季竜於是使尚書張群發近郡男女十六萬,車十萬乘,運土築華林苑及長墻於鄴北,廣長數十裏...........暴風大雨,死者數萬人。”這種刻意擴大民族矛盾的做法,進一步埋下了日後民族大屠殺的禍根。
徵調勞役、軍役之外,石虎又強令百姓五人出車1乘、牛2頭、米15斛、絹10匹,為徵戰備物,如有違令不徵者,以斬論處。在此嚴酷統治下,百姓衹好賣子以充徵調,不足者就親自應徵調。沉重的勞役、徵調負擔,造成石趙國道路上“死者相望”的凄涼境象。
勞動者在死亡綫上掙紮,統治者卻是荒淫無度。石虎曾在襄國造太武殿。殿基高2丈8尺,東西75 步,南北65步,全殿飾以漆瓦、金鐺、銀楹、金柱、珠簾、玉壁,極盡華麗之能是。為打獵需要,石虎派司虞中朗將賈霸車工匠四千人,在東平的罔山造獵車千乘。這種獵車轅長三丈,高1丈8尺,置高1丈7尺;同時造格獸車40乘,車上又加建二層樓。獵場南起滎陽、東到陽都,派有御史管理,不允許百姓打獵場內的禽獸,如有違者,罪至大辟。御史又仗勢欺人,擅弄威權。民間有美女、好的牛馬,如果求之不得,就誣諂其犯獵獸罪而遭大辟,百姓死者無數。石虎還濫增女官二十四等,東宮設官十二等,公侯諸國70有餘,設女官九等。民間20歲以下,13歲以上的三萬多女子被徵,分為三等之弟配給官吏。郡縣官吏又仗禦旨,在人之妻九千餘人,致使一些不甘受欺的婦女不得不自殺亡身。統治者窮奢極欲,百姓聊天生路,石趙國階級矛盾空前激化。
階級矛盾激化的同時,石趙統治階級內部也發生了內訌。最早時,太子石宣采納右僕射張離建議,削減諸侯兵員收歸自己統領。這一舉動引起諸王的不滿,內訌由此萌生。
先是,石虎派太子石宣與石宣弟石韜輪流審閱尚書奏事、審决生殺之事和任免官吏事項,不必啓奏。司徒申鐘勸諫石虎,認為任免官吏、决定刑罰是國傢的重大决策,不該委托他人,太子雖為國傢皇儲,也不應干涉政治,而且二政分權,禍必從中來。他又以石邃之事諫石虎,寵任不道之人,必害國害民。對此建議,石虎不予置理,仍用石宣、石韜輪流視政。石宣自以為自己是太子,不願石韜與己地位等同,加之石韜自建宣光殿,規模宏大,僅梁長就達九丈,石宣見此後異常憤怒,認為這是石韜藉建殿壓他這個太子,遂令人殺死工匠,截去大梁。後石韜又將梁加長到10丈,石宣得知,氣憤異常,他以石韜的國邑作酬報派人殺石韜,並侍機殺石虎奪權。結果陰謀敗露,石虎殺死石宣妻室子弟29人,部下300人,宦者50人全部被車裂支解,東宮衛士謫配梁州。這些人行至雍城(陝西鳳翔縣南)後,高力督梁犢率衆起義,秦雍間城戍無不摧陷,起義隊伍直入長安,人員增到10萬。石虎急派李農帶軍鎮壓但被打敗,衹得起用羌族姚弋仲和氏族符洪部纔鎮壓了起義。
激烈的階級矛盾、殘酷的宮廷鬥爭,使石虎衹能在驚恐不安中度日,終於在晉穆帝永和五年(349年)因愁恐而死,終年54歲。
他采取了一些措施鞏固政權,如糧食儲備政策、九品選官製,對吏治的整頓等一係列措施又緩和了矛盾,使其能在北方戰亂的局面下維持住一段時期的統治, 但其奴役漢人,激發了民族矛盾,並慘無人道地虐殺漢人.
上述評論對石此人過於寬容.完全沒有突出石虎主要的事情.他這個人就是一個十足的惡棍,差一點亡華的暴徙.
僅據《晉陽秋》殘本載:
“鬍皇”石勒一次就屠殺百姓數十萬,諸晉史中也有大量屠殺記錄,屠殺在數個州開展。到了石虎更加殘暴。他跟一條毒蛇一樣,腦筋裏衹有三件事,一是淫欲,二是殺戮,三是享樂。
石虎發男女十六萬,運土築華林苑及長墻於鄴北。時逢暴雨,漳水水漲,死者數萬人;他已有多處宮殿,還不滿足,又驅漢丁四十餘萬營洛陽、長安二宮,造成屍積原野;修林苑甲兵,五十萬人造甲,十七萬人造船,死亡超過三分之二;奪漢女五萬入後宮肆意變態凌殺污辱之行,其間由於負婦義夫的反抗,死者不計其數;從長安--到洛陽--再到鄴城,成漢的使者見到沿途樹上挂滿上吊自殺的人,城墻上挂滿漢人人頭,屍骨則被做成“屍觀”,恐嚇世人,數萬反抗將士的屍體被棄之荒野喂獸;血腥屠殺和殘酷的民族壓迫,北方漢人銳減至六七百萬,造成赤地千裏的景象;人口的大量減少,土地的大量荒蕪,傍之虎狼等野獸成群出現繁殖。
石虎將邯鄲(一說臨漳以南)以南中原地區,數萬平方公裏土地劃為其狩獵圍場,創全人類有史以來的吉尼斯世界記錄。規定漢人不得嚮野獸投一塊石子者,否則即是“犯獸”,將處以死罪,被殺或被野獸吃掉的人不計其數,漢人的地位竟連野獸都不如。住在“富麗堂皇”宮殿裏的石虎,竟笑曰:“我傢父子如是,自非天崩地陷,當復何愁?。。。 當時“北地滄涼,衣冠南遷,鬍狄遍地,漢傢子弟幾欲被數屠殆盡。”
以至於到冉閔滅羯趙的時候,中原漢人大概衹剩下400萬(西晉總人口2000萬,北方發達地區大概1200萬),冉閔解放鄴都後一次解救被擄掠的漢族女子就達二十萬。
Humiliation of the face of Shi Hu, Shi Le relatives lying down, in conjunction soldiers against. Shile wife and children first, Liu Pengcheng Wang Shi Hu Shi Kan plot except to avoid falling into the post-Zhao Shi Hu hands, resulting in "self-harm support tiger" tragedy. Shi Le was great for the old and more is dismissed in Beijing, the capital was again the old Shi Hu is difficult to tightly control the uprising in the state, ready to bring the royal family left Beijing to Yanzhou (Shandong Yuncheng) as the base to Lin Qiu, Wang Shi Fu Shi Le son Nanyang restored to the chief and queen mother Chao announced today, calling for joint dispatched troops around the Mushou attack from outside Beijing, crusade Shi Hu. However, for various reasons, the final plan not yet finished, Liu, Shi Kan killed. Guarding and guarding Luoyang Shi Chang Shi Lang students heard the news that Union soldiers up crusade, Fishing Cat, was also defeated by Shi Hu. Jin Xian Kang Dynasty (335 years), the resistance in children after exterminate Shi Le, Shi Hu self is king, says large Zhao, reign Jianwu, the state capital from Xiang (Hebei Xingtai Southwest) moved to Ye (Hebei Linzhang Southwest). In the same year, Shi Hu will Daya and brother, all killed by her mother, Shi Le relative forces wiped out. Xian Kang three years (337 years), Shi Hu Zhao renamed as King, Yonghe five years (349 years) was renamed Zhao emperor, replacing Zhao Shi Le.
Wei started from the three countries, the Ministry of Personnel election Guanjie to the Naming method basis. Shi Hu on the adopted without change, and further strengthened. In his view, "Wei was founded Nine of the system, a clear set of three, did not meet Hiromi also Gentrification of the Qing Code, human relations and the Mirror." To this end, ascended the throne at the beginning, he ordered the Ministry of Personnel officials to Nine Act selection of officials, then by the Central Secretariat, Ha Province, announced the list of persons be appointed to be declared official. Dahir also provides that "the Civil value for those who do not practice, censors sit to hear bombs." Punish those corrupt, and fraudulent practices of the official election officials to ensure strict implementation of the Naming method. He dismissed corrupt pervert the law to the Board of Civil doctor Wei Huan for the common people, the Board of Civil cronyism to do to rectify the official doctor. At that time the situation for the despotic succeed, bribery row position, Shi Hu house election moment of imperial censor Shizhong Cheng Li, rectifying despotic Baiguan, violations of the imperial family, Shi Hu also punished. Yangong Shi Bin, indulged in binge drinking, hunting day, the defense ignored the border, Shi Hu things get so furious, rod Shi Bin, and send the main control of etiquette books. Shi Bin dissatisfied with the regulatory protocol, ritual killing, Shi Hu Ji Pai Shang Shi Bin Zhang to take away from the chase, 300 lashes, the free officers go first, while Heaven's Shi Bin trusted more than 10 people. Guan Yi Yang hectoliter Kam-guard, the increasing taxes and labor, Guanzhong people complaining. Shi Hu heard about, will be transferred back to Beijing Shi Kam, another tune stone shell guard Chang'an to safety off the people. After consolidation, improved administration of local officials, corrupt officials and ride roughshod change the situation, even the stone tiger themselves with feelings, "I heard Yoshiomi like wild beasts, and wolves thoroughfare of high-step way and carry on zai letter."
Dan Husheng of cruel fortune before, have not only the means to kill with a brutal two wives, even in the armed forces as if they are strong fighters with him, he will struggle to play hunting grounds, opponents seized the opportunity to kill, to relieve my mind fast; battle, the capture of prisoners, regardless of good or bad, irrespective of gender Kengsha, few prisoners survived. After the emperor, nature had not changed, and extravagant, costly, big build palaces, the people's hard labor burden than any generation. Shi Hu Ye will be moved to the capital after he specially sent to Luoyang to Kowloon, Weng Zhong, copper camel, transfer to the Ye Fei Lian decorated palace. In Ye City, Shi Hu has built more than 40 units concept, but also construction of Chang'an and Luoyang palace, the two people who serve more than 40 million. To campaign against Former Yan, Shi Hu made the Secretary, Hebei, Qinghai, Xu, quiet, and, Yong and has moved away from a lord to take home five small three or four D-Two; to campaign against the war, Shi Hu has ordered the Yellow River south of the four states people within the equipment ready to attack the south, the request and, moon, Qin, Yong ready to attack the west to discuss the matter. State campaign-made weapons to Shi Hu, 50 million people, nearly 100 million people out of agriculture out to Shi Hu labor, the military service, leaving only 3 / 10 of the population engaged in agricultural production Sang. Sign sent by the people, and always has been the scourge of killing. It is contained in the requisition of 17 million people do boatman, there is 1 / 3 were killed. Shi Hu is also interested in "hard labor Jin (Han)", expand the Hu and Han ethnic: "the progress made during the quarter Salmonella Wu Long said: 'Hu Yun will decline, Jin when the revival of hard labor Jin Yi to dislike their gas.' Season Long Shang Chang mass was so close to the county 160 000 men and women, cars 100 000 by, earth wall construction and long Waring Court in Ye North, Canton dozens of years ........... a long rain storm, the number of dead million people. "This deliberate expansion of ethnic conflicts, and further laid the seeds of future ethnic massacres.
Workers in the dying ruler is licentious excessive. Shi Hu has made the country too Xiang Wu Hall. Temple base 8 feet high two husbands, what 75-step, 65 steps north and south, the whole house decorated with painted tiles, gold pan, silver-ying, Jin Zhu, bead curtain, jade walls, ornate his best it can be. Needed for the hunting, Yu Shi Hu passed hand to Abdul-Jabbar in Long car craftsman 4000 people indiscriminately in East Hill made flat hunting vehicle Qian Cheng. This hunting thill thirty feet long, 8 feet high a husband, a husband set 7 feet high; while animal cells made by car 40, the construction of the car second floor. Hunting grounds south from Xing Yang, both east to the sun, sent a censor management, does not allow people to hunt inside the animal, such as violation of persons, provision of crime Tai. Censor it bullying, authoritarian get good at. The public has the beauty, good critter, if desired to falsely flatter on its committed the crime Erzao Osake and hunting animals, countless people dead. Shi Hu is also abused by female officers 24 and so on, set the Orient House and other official 12, princes more than 70 Asian countries, located nine other female officials. Folk 20 years of age, 13 years of age or more than 30,000 women were levied, divided into three classes the younger brother of rationing officials. County officials they battle Yu Zhi, the man's wife nine thousand people, so that some women had committed suicide unwilling to be wronged dead body. Rulers extravagant, people chat way out, an unprecedented intensification of class contradictions Zhao Shi.
First, Shi Hu Shi Xuandi sent Prince Edward Stone Shi Tao Xuan and in turn reviewed the Book of Zou Shi, a matter of life and death decision trial and the matter of appointment and removal of officials without Qizou. Stuart Shen Zhong remonstrate, Fishing Cat, that the appointment and removal of officials to decide the penalty is the country's major policy decisions should not be commissioned, although the national Crown Prince, should not interfere in politics, but the two political decentralization, disaster will come from. He used the stone distant matter of remonstrance, Fishing Cat, pet of any person without Road, will harm the country harm people. On this, Shi Hu disregarded, still using stone declared, as the government turns stone Tao. Stone announced that he is from Prince Edward, Joseph and has been unwilling to rock the same position, combined with self Tuyen Quang Tao stone house, large scale, only the beam length on the nine-husband, rock summoned after indignant that this is by building stone Tao Palace pressure him the Prince, then is killed by craftsmen, truncated girder. Liang Shi Tao, in turn, after extended to 10 husbands, Stone announced that, angry exception, he Shi Tao to reward the country Yap Shi Tao sent to kill and kill Shi Hu Shi machine to seize power. Results conspiracy brought to light, Shi Hu Shi Xuan wife killed the children of 29 300 men, Huanzhe 50 were all tying a mutilated, Orient House guards Exile with okrug. These people row to Yong City (Shaanxi Fengxiang South), the high-power beam calf mobilize Governor uprising, Qin Yong settlement between the city garrison were all destroyed, the rebellion straight Chang, staff increased to 100 000. Shi Hu Li farmers anxious to send the military repression, but with the defeat, had to only use Yao Yi Zhong and Qiang Fu Hung Department of clan only suppressed the uprising.