dōng jìn  (362年～396年)

姓：	sī mǎ
名：	yào
字：	chāng míng
网笔号：	xiào wǔ huáng dì
庙号：	liè zōng
陵墓：	lóng píng líng
开端 终结 在位 373年 396年 宁康 373年 375年 太元 376年 396年 

　　xiào wǔ dì， míng sī mǎ yào ( gōng yuán 362 ～ 396 nián )， zì chāng míng。 jiǎn wén dì zǐ。 jiǎn wén dì sǐ hòu jì wèi。 zài wèi 24 nián， yīn jiǔ hòu xì yán， bèi zhāng guì rén mìng gōng nǚ yòng bèi zǐ mèn sǐ， zhōng nián 35 suì。 zàng yú lóng píng líng ( jīn jiāng sū shěng nán jīng shì jiāng níng qū jiǎng shān xī nán )。
　　 dōng jìn xiào wǔ dì sī mǎ yào， yú jiǎn wén dì zài wèi shí， bèi lì wéi tài zǐ。 jiǎn wén dì yú gōng yuán 372 nián 7 yuè jǐ mò rì bìng sǐ， tā yú tóng rì jì wèi .。 shǐ yòng de nián hào yòu “ níng kāng、 tài yuán ”。
　　 sī mǎ yào jì wèi shí， zhǐ yòu 10 suì， yóu chǔ tài hòu tīng zhèng。 dàn jiǎn wén dì sāngshì gāng bàn wán， hū rán yòu lú sǒng shuài lǐng de jǐ bǎi rén， shā rù yún lóng mén， shēng chēng fèng hǎi xī gōng sī mǎ yì huí gōng fù wèi， zhí chōng rù cháo táng、 nèi gōng， qiǎng qǔ wǔ qì， dà kǎn dà shā。 hòu bèi jìn wèi jūn zhèn yā， lú sǒng bèi bǔ shā。 bù jiǔ， huán wēn shuài jūn rù dū， hé cháo zhèn jīng， pà tā qián lái duó dì wèi， dàn méi guò duō jiǔ， huán wēn jiù bìng sǐ， shǐ dōng jìn wáng cháo yòu dù guò liǎo yī gè wēi jī。
　　 sī mǎ yào sǐ hòu de miào hào wéi liè zōng， shì hào wéi xiào wǔ dì。
　　
　　【 hòu fēi qíng kuàng】
　　 wáng fǎ huì huáng hòu shì hào wéi dìng huáng hòu
　　 zhāng guì rén shā hài jìn xiào wǔ dì sī mǎ yào。
　　 chén guī nǚ shū yuán， hòu zhuī fēng wéi fū rén、 ān dé tài hòu ?-390 nián shēng jìn 'ān dì sī mǎ dé zōng、 jìn gōng dì sī mǎ dé wén。
　　
　　【 sī mǎ yào nián biǎo】
　　 gōng yuán 362 nián， sī mǎ yào chū shēng。
　　 gōng yuán 372 nián， sī mǎ yào jí wèi， shì wéi xiào wǔ dì。
　　 gōng yuán 373 nián， huán wēn sǐ。
　　 gōng yuán 383 nián， dōng jìn zài féi shuǐ zhī zhàn yǐ shǎo shèng duō， dà bài qián qín jūn duì。
　　 gōng yuán 396 nián， sī mǎ yào bèi chǒng fēi zhāng guì rén shā sǐ。
　　 jìn xiào wǔ dì shì jìn jiǎn wén dì zhī zǐ， mǔ qīn shì xiào wǔ wén lǐ tài hòu。 yòu nián dēng jī shí， chóng dé chǔ tài hòu chuí lián shè zhèng。 jìn xiào wǔ dì qīn zhèng yǐ hòu zhòng yòng xián chén， lì jīng tú zhì， dōng jìn de guó lì rì yì qiáng shèng， zhèng zhì wěn dìng。 dāng shí běi fāng de dī zú zhèng quán qián qín zài shī xíng jìn fān tiān wáng tǐ zhì， zhòng yòng zhōng yú jìn cháo de míng chén wáng měng děng rén， biǎo miàn dǎzháo zhōng yú jìn cháo de qí hào， zhāo fǔ zhōng yuán bǎi xìng， shì lì yě rì yì zhuàng dà， xiān hòu miè wáng liǎo qián yàn、 chóu chí， jìn gōng dài guó、 qián liáng děng zhèng quán， yào zhú bù tǒng yī běi fāng， bìng qiě kāi shǐ bǎ máo tóu zhǐ xiàng liǎo dōng jìn zhèng quán， nián qīng de jìn xiào wǔ dì zhèng quán miàn lín yán zhòng de kǎo yàn， tā zài zhàn zhēng zhōng fā huī liǎo nǎ xiē zuò yòng ní？
　　 gōng yuán 373 nián， qián qín fú jiān mìng lìng jìn gōng dōng jìn， gōng zhàn liǎo yì zhōu bù fēn dì qū， shuāng fāng dà zhì zài jiā líng jiāng liú yù xiāng duì zhì。 375 nián， fǎn duì gōng dǎ jìn cháo de wáng měng qù shì（ yòu rén huái yí shì fú jiān hài sǐ liǎo tā）， qián qín jiā jǐn liǎo nán qīn de zhǔn bèi。 376 nián， jìn xiào wǔ dì zhèng shì qīn zhèng， kāi shǐ zhǐ huī kàng jī fú jiān rù qīn de zhàn zhēng， zhè nián jìn cháo de fān guó qián liáng hé dài guó bèi qián qín miè wáng。 377 nián jìn xiào wǔ dì xià zhào qiú wén wǔ liáng jiāng， xiè xuán yìng zhào， qián wǎng jīng kǒu mù bīng， jiàn lì liǎo xīn jūn“ běi fǔ bīng”。 jìn xiào wǔ dì hái pài qiǎn zhū xù wéi liáng zhōu cì shǐ， zhèn shǒu xiāng yáng。 gōng yuán 378 nián， fú jiān mìng fú pī jìn gōng xiāng yáng， tóng shí pài qiǎn bù duì jìn gōng huái běi， liǎng guó zhàn zhēng jiā jù。 miàn duì zhè zhǒng qíng kuàng jìn xiào wǔ dì cǎi qǔ liǎo hěn duō zhòng yào cuò shī， zǎo zài 377 nián， jìn xiào wǔ dì jiù jiā fēng xiè 'ān wéi sī tú， dū dū yáng yù xú yǎn qīng wǔ zhōu jūn shì， ràng chē qí jiāng jūn huán chōng wéi dū dū jīng jiāng liáng yì níng jiāo guǎng qī zhōu jūn shì， guān jiàn shì jìn xiào wǔ dì bǎ yù zhōu de huán yī cóng huán chōng nà lǐ diào guī xiè 'ān zhǐ huī， hòu lái zài féi shuǐ zhī zhàn zhōng fā huī liǎo zuò yòng。 jìn xiào wǔ dì bǎ quán guó huàfēn chéng wéi liǎng dà zhàn qū， rèn mìng xiè 'ān hé huán chōng liǎng rén zhǐ huī， bìng qiě bǎ qīn xìn yòu jiāng jūn máo mù zhī pài dào huán chōng nà lǐ jiù yuán xiāng yáng。 379 nián， xī xiàn de xiāng yáng xiàn luò， tóng yì huán chōng ràng máo mù zhī fá shǔ， zài xī xiàn zhuǎn rù fǎn gōng。 dōng xiàn jìn jūn huò shèng， běi fǔ jūn dǎ tuì liǎo dí jūn， shōu fù liǎo liǎng huái dì qū。 xiāng yáng de xiàn luò shǐ jìn xiào wǔ dì jiā kuài liǎo jūn shì bù shǔ zhǔn bèi， 380 nián tā wéi liǎo ràng xiè 'ān zhuān zhí fù zé jūn shì， bù zài ràng tā dān rèn sī tú zhí wù， gǎi rèn wéi wèi jiāng jūn， kāi fǔ yí tóng sān sī， jiā fēng wéi jiàn chāng xiàn gōng。 ràng tā de dì dì sī mǎ dào zǐ dān rèn sī tú， guǎn lǐ zhèng wù。 382 nián， fú jiān zhǔn bèi zhēng zhào tiān xià bīng mǎ nán xià gōng dǎ jìn cháo， yì tú yī lù yóu yì zhōu de yáo cháng shuài lǐng yán cháng jiāng dōng xià， zì jǐ qīn shuài zhù lì yóu liǎng huái guò cháng jiāng， lù xù jí jié de qián qín bù duì jiāng chāo guò bǎi wàn。 dāng shí fú jiān kòng zhì de guó tǔ miàn jī chāo guò dōng jìn liǎng bèi， bīng lì yě chāo guò shù bèi， zài jìn cháo miàn lín yán jùn xíng shì de shí kè， 20 suì de jìn xiào wǔ dì biǎo xiàn liǎo fēi fán de yǒng qì。
　　 gōng yuán 383 nián wǔ yuè， zài qián qín dà jūn hái méi yòu quán bù jí jié zhī shí， jìn xiào wǔ dì jué dìng xiān fā zhì rén， qiǎn zuǒ wèi jiāng jūn zhāng xuán zhī cān móu xī xiàn jūn shì， zhào lìng huán chōng fā qǐ gōng shì， yì zhōu cì shǐ de máo mù zhī gōng zhàn liǎo bā xī， qí zǐ shǒu zǐ tóng， yáng liàng jìn gōng fú chéng， zhǔn bèi qiē duàn shǔ zhōng tóng guān zhōng de lián xì。 guō quán zhǐ huī jìn gōng wǔ dāng dì qū， huán chōng qīn zì shuài lǐng shí wàn dà jūn jìn gōng xiāng yáng， jìn guǎn méi néng shōu fù xiāng yáng， dàn shì chéng gōng dǎ luàn de fú jiān de jūn shì bù shǔ， tā zài diào dòng bù duì zēng yuán gè dì de tóng shí， zhǐ néng cóng mín jiān kuò dà bīng yì fàn wéi， bǎ dà pī méi yòu zhàn dǒu jīng yàn de bǎi xìng qiǎngzhēng rù wǔ。 jìn jūn zài xī xiàn de jìn gōng yě qiān zhì liǎo dà liàng qián qín bù duì， jiǎn huǎn liǎo qí xiàng dōng jìn gōng de jié zòu， yáo cháng de bù duì hòu lái bèi pò shǒu wèi yì zhōu， méi yòu dōng jìn jīng zhōu。 bā yuè fú jiān zhù lì bǎi wàn dà jūn nán xià， qián fēng dù guò huái hé， jìn xiào wǔ dì jiā wèi jiāng jūn xiè 'ān wéi zhēng tǎo dà dū dū， zhǐ huī kàng jī qīn lüè。 xiè 'ān pài qiǎn xiè shí wéi zhēng tǎo dū dū， dài lǐng xiè xuán、 xiè yǎn、 huán yī chū zhēng jù dí。 zài féi shuǐ zhī zhàn qī jiān rén men gèng duō dì shì tán lùn xiè 'ān cóng róng yìng dí de xiāo sǎ qì gài， qián xiàn sān xiè děng zhòng jiāng yīn shì lì dǎo， suí jī yìng biàn， qǔ dé shèng lì de jīng cǎi guò chéng， duì jìn xiào wǔ dì zài féi shuǐ zhàn yì zhōng de zuò yòng wǎng wǎng hū shì liǎo， jí shǐ cóng shàng miàn féi shuǐ zhàn yì bào fā qián de zhǔn bèi guò chéng jiē duàn， jiù zú yǐ biǎo xiàn jìn xiào wǔ dì fēi fán de zhǐ huī cái néng， nà me zài zhè cì zhàn yì de jù tǐ guò chéng zhōng， yuǎn zài jiāng nán de tā hé xiè 'ān fā huī liǎo zěn yàng de zuò yòng ní？
　　 xiè 'ān zài jīng chéng biǎo miàn tán xiào fēng shēng， yǔ rén yóu lè“ zhì yè nǎi guī”， yè jiān cái tóng jiànglǐng men yán jiū jūn qíng， zhǐ huī bù shǔ， bái tiān de yōu xián shì wéi liǎo 'ān fǔ rén xīn de zī tài， zhòng yào de zhǐ huī diào dòng 'ān pái zài yè jiān，“ zhǐ shòu jiàngshuài， gè dāng qí rèn”。 jìn xiào wǔ dì rú hé zhǐ huī de， jù tǐ shǐ shū méi yòu xiáng xì jìzǎi， zhǐ néng cóng yī xiē jiǎn dān de wén xiàn miáo shù zhōng xún zhǎo zhū sī mǎ jì。 xiè 'ān jì rán yào biǎo miàn zài bái tiān yóu lè 'ān fǔ rén xīn， wǎn jiān chǔlǐ jūn wù， gū jì wú xiá gù jí qí tā shì qíng， běn jì yě jìzǎi liǎo zhè shí jìn xiào wǔ dì ràng tā de dì dì， sī tú sī mǎ dào zǐ lù shàng shū liù tiáo shì， bǎ xiè 'ān de lù shàng shū shì yě jiān zhí liǎo。 jìn xiào wǔ dì yě yìng gāi shì quán lì zhī chí xiè 'ān de， diào dòng yī qiē lì liàng jiā qiáng hé zhī yuán qián xiàn。 xiè xuán cóng qián xiàn gǎn huí xún wèn xiè 'ān jūn wù， qiú jì wèn cè， xiè 'ān miàn wú jù sè dì huí dá tā shuō：“ huáng dì lìng wài yòu zhǐ yì liǎo。” jìn guǎn wǒ men bù zhī dào zhè shì jù tǐ zhǐ shénme jūn qíng， dàn shì kě yǐ zhī dào jìn xiào wǔ dì yǐ jīng chuán zhǐ chǔlǐ zhè jiàn shì liǎo。 xiè 'ān de zhù yào zhí zé shì jù tǐ zhǐ huī huái nán de jūn shì zuò zhàn， ér jìn xiào wǔ dì tǒng chóu quán jú， zhù yào shì xié diào liǎng dà zhàn qū de guān xì。 xiè 'ān yǔ huán chōng liǎng rén guān xì bù hé xié， huán chōng fǎn duì xiè 'ān pài rén dān rèn jiāng zhōu cì shǐ， shàng shū yào qiú zì jǐ jiān rèn， ér xiè 'ān fǎn duì huán chōng pài qiǎn bù duì dào jiāng nán， jìn xiào wǔ dì duì liǎng rén yì jiàn dū biǎo shì tóng yì， bìng qiě jìn liàng huà jiě liǎng rén máo dùn， xī wàng shuāng fāng néng tuán jié hé zuò， gòng tóng yù dí， wèicǐ tā chú liǎo bǎ huán chōng de bù xià huán yī diào guī xiè 'ān， yě pài qiǎn liǎo máo mù zhī hé zhāng xuán zhī děng qián wǎng zēng yuán huán chōng。
　　 jìn xiào wǔ dì de zhī chí shì xiè 'ān zhǐ huī qǔ dé féi shuǐ zhī zhàn shèng lì de jī chǔ， xiè 'ān zuò wéi zhōng guó lì shǐ shàng zhù míng de xiánxiàng， qīng shǐ liú míng， jìn xiào wǔ dì zài zhè yī shí qī yě fā huī liǎo jìn bù de zuò yòng。 tā tóng xiè 'ān、 huán chōng liǎng wèi xián chén guān xì shì zhí dé chēng dào de， huán chōng chuán zài： tā de zhào shū zàn yáng huán chōng zhōng yì、 píng lùn tiān xià dà shì， yào qiú huán“ dòng jìng yǐ wén”， suí shí shàng zòu。 duì xiè 'ān、 huán chōng de gǎn qíng yě fēi cháng shēn hòu， xiè 'ān zài qǔ dé féi shuǐ zhī zhàn shèng lì hòu， bèi jiā fēng wéi tài bǎo， dū dū shí wǔ zhōu jūn shì， qù shì hòu bèi zhuī fēng wéi tài fù， lú líng jùn gōng。 huán chōng qù shì hòu bèi zhuī fēng wéi tài wèi， fēng chéng gōng。 jìn xiào wǔ dì zhè wèi nián qīng yòu wéi de huáng dì zài zhōng guó lì shǐ shàng yě suàn shì yī wèi yīng zhù， féi shuǐ zhàn yì yǐ hòu， tā bù niàn jiù 'è， tóng yì xiè 'ān zhǐ huī bù duì zhī yuán fú jiān， hòu lái hái shàn dài táo wáng dào jìn cháo de fú jiān tài zǐ fú hóng、 zhí 'ér fú lǎng děng， zài tā de tǒng zhì shí qī， jìn cháo jīhū zài cì tǒng yī， dé dào zhōng xīng。 féi shuǐ zhī zhàn shì zhōng guó lì shǐ shàng zhù míng de zhàn yì， quán miàn yán jiū zhè cì zhàn yì de lì shǐ huán jìng， zhàn zhēng bèi jǐng， duì yú xī qǔ lì shǐ jīng yàn， tí gāo rèn shí lì shǐ de néng lì yòu zhòng yào yì yì。

　　Sima Yao to the throne, only 10 years old, by the Empress Dowager Chu hearings. However, just after finishing funeral Emperor Jianwen, suddenly hundreds of people, led by Lu frightened, Sharu Cloud Dragon, claiming the company Mayihuigong reset instructions from Hercynian, straight entry into court, within the palace, and looting to take arms, machetes big kill . Guards after suppression, Lu frightened to be killed. Soon, Huan Wen led his army into both, together toward shock, fear him to seize throne, it was not long before, Huan Wen on the illness, so the Eastern Jin Dynasty had another crisis.
　　Chronology】 【Sima Yao
　　Jinxiao Wu emperor is the son of Emperor Jianwen of Jin and his mother was Takatake Empress Dowager Li Wen. Childhood ascended the throne, Zonta Chu Regent Dowager curtain. After he eventually re-Jinxiao Wu Emperor reign, good, more powerful Eastern's strength and political stability. North Dizu regime was the implementation of the Former Qin Jin Fan in King system, reuse of famous officials loyal to Wang Meng Jin and others loyal to the surface of the Jin dynasty banner banner, protection offered by the Central Plains people, forces are growing, have perished before the swallow, Chou Chi, attack on behalf of the country, such as pre-cool power to gradually unify the north, and began targeting the Eastern regimes, Young Jin Xiaowu Timor government faced a serious test, he played in the war, what role?
　　AD 373, the Former Qin Fu Jian command attack Eastern Jin, Yizhou captured parts of the two sides generally in the Jialing River Valley with confrontation. 375, against the invasion of the Jin dynasty of Wang Meng's death (Fu Jian was killed suspected him), Former Qin intensified southward invasion preparations. 376, Jinxiao Wu emperor reign officially began to command the invasion of the war against Fu Jian, the former vassal states in the Jin dynasty of China was cool and on behalf of the Former Qin destroyed. 377 Jinxiao Wu emperor issued an edict to seek civil and military good, Xie Xuan Ying Zhao, to Jingkou raising, the establishment of a new army "Bei Fu Bing." Jinxiao Wu emperor also sent Zhu order for the beam prefectural governor, guard Xiangyang. AD 378, Fu Jian Fu Pi attack Xiangyang life, while troops attack Huaibei, the war between the two countries intensified. Faced with this situation Jinxiao Wu Tai taken many important measures, as early as 377 BC, Emperor on the sealed Xie Jin Xiaowu to Stuart, the military governor Yang Yu-Qing Xu and five state military, as military governor for Juji General Huanchong Jingjiang Guang Liang Yining seven state military pay, the key is the Huan Jin Xiaowu Timor to Iraq Yuzhou transferred there from Huanchong go Xie command, and later played a role in the Battle of Fei River. Jinxiao Wu Emperor of the country's divided into two main theater, named Xie Ann Huanchong two command, and the trusted right-General Mao Mu Xiangyang of the rescue sent Huanchong there. 379 years, the west line of Xiangyang fall, agreed to let Mao Huan Chong Mu Shu of cutting, to counterattack in the west. Eastern Jin won, the North government troops repulsed the enemy and recovered the Huaihe River. The fall of Xiangyang make Jinxiao Wu Tai accelerate the deployment of military preparations, 380, he is responsible to make Xie full-time military, so he no longer functions as a Stuart, was named for the Methodist General, opened with three Secretaries of the government apparatus, sealed the Jianchang County public. Secretary Ma Daozi to his brother as Stuart, managing government. 382, Fu Jian ready to call the world to attack troops and horses south to the Jin dynasty, the intention all the way, led by the Yizhou Yao Chang east along the Yangtze River, the main force of its own pro-Shuai over the Yangtze River from the Salt, the Former Qin forces will gradually build over a million. Fu Jian was the control of land area more than twice the Eastern Jin Dynasty, troops are more than several times, in the grim situation facing the moment of the Jin dynasty, 20-year-old Jin Xiaowu Emperor showed exceptional courage.
　　AD 383 in May, the former Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology has not yet gathered all the time, Jinxiao Wu emperor decided to pre-emptive removal Samori Staff General Zhang Xuan of Western military, Dahir Huanchong launch offensive interests JIANGXI NORMAL captured the gross Muzhi Brazil, his son keep Zitong, Liang-attack Fucheng, ready to cut off the connection with Xiu. Guo Quan Wudang region attack command, Huanchong thousands of troops personally led attack Xiangyang, despite the failure to recover Xiangyang, but the successful disruption of the Fu Jian's military deployment, mobilization of troops to reinforce his around the same time, military service can only expand the scope of civil , to a large number of people without combat experience, forced recruitment. Jin offensive in the west also contain a large number of the Former Qin forces, slowing the pace of its eastward attack, Yao Chang was forced to guard Yizhou forces, not east of Jingzhou. Fu Jian main one million troops in August to move south, forward through the Huai River, Jinxiao Wu Wei Tai, General Xie added to crusade against big military governor, directing the fight against aggression. Xie Xie Shi sent to campaign against the military governor, to lead Xie Xuan, Xie Yan, Huan Iraq expedition Judi. During the Battle of Fei River is about people more grateful to be enemy of the casual security calm spirit, the front three thank the captains and other prevailing circumstances, resourceful, brilliant victory in the process of Jinxiao Wu emperor's role in the Battle of Fei Shui is often overlooked , even if the battle from above Feishui preparation stage before the outbreak, enough to command the performance of Jinxiao Wu Tai extraordinary ability, then the specific course of this campaign, far in the south of him and how grateful to have played a role in security what?
　　Jinxiao Wu Tai Hsieh command support is made the basis for victory Battle of Fei River, Xie as the history of the famous Xian Xiang of China, leaving a legacy, Jinxiao Wu emperor in this period also played a progressive role. He and Xie, Huan Chong relationship between the two upright ministers is commendable, Huan Chong Biography set: His edict commended Huan Chong-yi, reviews the world trend to require Huan "movement in order to hear" any memorials. Xie An, Huan Chong's feelings are very deep, Xie made Battle of Fei River in the victory was sealed for the CPIC, the military governor 15 states military, died after being bestowed the Grand Tutor, owned High Luling. Huanchong died after bestowed as Qiu, Hojo public. Jin Xiaowu promising young emperor emperor in Chinese history can be considered a British Lord, Fei Shui campaign, he does not remember bad things, agreed to support Xie Fu Jian command team and later fled to treat the Fu Jin Prince Fu Jian Wang, Fu Long nephew, etc., in his reign, the Jin dynasty again almost uniform, get ZTE. Battle of Fei River is the famous battle in Chinese history, a comprehensive study of the history of the battle environment, the war background, experience for the lessons of history, the ability to raise awareness of history is important.

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