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查理五世是约翰二世（好人）之子。1356年英国人在普瓦捷战役中俘虏了他的父亲约翰二世，查理五世遂成为国家的摄政者。事实证明他比父亲称职得多。
为筹集使约翰二世获释而必须支付的赎金，查理重新召开已中止了多年的三级会议；但在其索款的要求被拒绝后，他又将三级会议解散。1357年3月在各方强烈要求下，查理再次召开三级会议，并颁布“三月大敕令”，扩大会议的权力。但这个敕令最终并未实施。1358年，查理在商人艾蒂安·马赛领导的市民起义中被赶出巴黎。
查理五世任摄政时的另一次巨大起义浪潮是扎克雷运动。他依靠其父约翰二世的宿敌、纳瓦拉国王恶人查理的力量将这次暴动镇压下去。
1360年英格兰国王爱德华三世逼近巴黎附近，查理明智地与英国人签订了《布雷蒂尼和约》。和约对法国不利，但它却使查理五世有时间来进行改革。他主要依靠小贵族和市民作为同盟，强化税收制度，加强王权，并使用一部分雇佣军来代替作战不力的民军。在充分加强了法国的国家机器之后，查理五世于1369年向英格兰开战。他的战争进行得很顺利：1372年收复普瓦图和布列塔尼，1373年又击溃南下波尔多的英军。到1374年，英国人手中只剩下五个港口：加来、布雷斯特、瑟堡、波尔多和巴巴约讷。查理五世于这年与英格兰缔结3年停战和约，将大部分收复的失地划归王室直辖。但在1377年，他又向英国人发动进攻。
不宜过高估计查理五世的改革，它主要是通过集中使用有限的资源和使人民生活恶化实现的。在查理五世死后，各种矛盾便一齐爆发出来，以致亨利五世在1420年又攻占了大半个法国。
查理五世曾是巴黎大学的监护者。
Charles John II (good) son. 1356 British prisoners in the Battle of Poitiers, his father John II, Charles V became regent countries. He proved far more competent than his father.
John II, to raise to pay the ransom must be released, Charles has been suspended for many years to re-convene the Estates General; but in its demand for payment of the request was refused, he in turn 3 meeting to disperse. March 1357 at the strong request of the parties, held three meetings Charlie again, and issued the "Great Royal Decree in March," enlarged powers. However, the implementation of this decree is not final. 1358, Charles Etienne Marseille in the business-led uprising of the people were driven out of Paris.
Charles V appointed Regent when the next big wave of uprising is Zhake Lei movement. He relied on his father's old enemy John II, King of Navarre the forces of evil Charles suppressed the uprising.
Charles V of reform should not be overestimated, it is mainly through the use of limited resources and focus to achieve people's lives worse. Charles died in various conflicts will burst forth together, resulting in Henry V in 1420 and has captured more than half of France.
Charles V was the guardian of the University of Paris.