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查理五世是約翰二世（好人）之子。1356年英國人在普瓦捷戰役中俘虜了他的父親約翰二世，查理五世遂成為國傢的攝政者。事實證明他比父親稱職得多。
為籌集使約翰二世獲釋而必須支付的贖金，查理重新召開已中止了多年的三級會議；但在其索款的要求被拒絶後，他又將三級會議解散。1357年3月在各方強烈要求下，查理再次召開三級會議，並頒布“三月大敕令”，擴大會議的權力。但這個敕令最終並未實施。1358年，查理在商人艾蒂安·馬賽領導的市民起義中被趕出巴黎。
查理五世任攝政時的另一次巨大起義浪潮是紮剋雷運動。他依靠其父約翰二世的宿敵、納瓦拉國王惡人查理的力量將這次暴動鎮壓下去。
1360年英格蘭國王愛德華三世逼近巴黎附近，查理明智地與英國人簽訂了《布雷蒂尼和約》。和約對法國不利，但它卻使查理五世有時間來進行改革。他主要依靠小貴族和市民作為同盟，強化稅收制度，加強王權，並使用一部分雇傭軍來代替作戰不力的民軍。在充分加強了法國的國傢機器之後，查理五世於1369年嚮英格蘭開戰。他的戰爭進行得很順利：1372年收復普瓦圖和布列塔尼，1373年又擊潰南下波爾多的英軍。到1374年，英國人手中衹剩下五個港口：加來、布雷斯特、瑟堡、波爾多和巴巴約訥。查理五世於這年與英格蘭締結3年停戰和約，將大部分收復的失地劃歸王室直轄。但在1377年，他又嚮英國人發動進攻。
不宜過高估計查理五世的改革，它主要是通過集中使用有限的資源和使人民生活惡化實現的。在查理五世死後，各種矛盾便一齊爆發出來，以致亨利五世在1420年又攻占了大半個法國。
查理五世曾是巴黎大學的監護者。
Charles John II (good) son. 1356 British prisoners in the Battle of Poitiers, his father John II, Charles V became regent countries. He proved far more competent than his father.
John II, to raise to pay the ransom must be released, Charles has been suspended for many years to re-convene the Estates General; but in its demand for payment of the request was refused, he in turn 3 meeting to disperse. March 1357 at the strong request of the parties, held three meetings Charlie again, and issued the "Great Royal Decree in March," enlarged powers. However, the implementation of this decree is not final. 1358, Charles Etienne Marseille in the business-led uprising of the people were driven out of Paris.
Charles V appointed Regent when the next big wave of uprising is Zhake Lei movement. He relied on his father's old enemy John II, King of Navarre the forces of evil Charles suppressed the uprising.
Charles V of reform should not be overestimated, it is mainly through the use of limited resources and focus to achieve people's lives worse. Charles died in various conflicts will burst forth together, resulting in Henry V in 1420 and has captured more than half of France.
Charles V was the guardian of the University of Paris.