| ào mǎ 'ěr · yī běn · hā tǎ bǔ | |||||||
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shēng píng
zǎo nián shēng huó
ào mǎ 'ěr chū shēng yú mài jiā， zǎo nián dāng guò mù yáng rén hé shāng fàn， zài dī wēi de huán jìng xià cháng dà。 tā de fù qīn KhattabibnNufayl chū shēn yú yī gè zhōng chǎn jiē jí duō shén lùn jiā tíng。 zài nà gè shàng wèi kāi huà de shí dài， tā shòu guò liáng hǎo jiào yù、 shàng wǔ， bìng qiě tǐ gé qiáng zhuàng。 jìn guǎn 'ào mǎ 'ěr guǎng shòu zūn zhòng qiě lái zì yī gè jù yòu guì zú xuè tǒng de jiā tíng， dàn tā yǔ qí yú de gǔ lāi shí zú rén bìng méi yòu tài dà de bù tóng。 zài yī sī lán chuàng jiào qián 'ào mǎ 'ěr zhǐ shì gǔ lāi shí bù luò de pǔ tōng yī fènzǐ， dàn shì yī sī lán chuàng lì zhī hòu， ào mǎ 'ěr chéng wéi dì qiú shàng zuì wěi dà de rén zhī yī [ lái yuán qǐng qiú ]。
dāng mù hǎn mò dé kāi shǐ xuān jiǎng yī sī lán dào yì shí， ào mǎ 'ěr zhì lì yú bǎo hù 'ā lā bó chuán tǒng de duō shén jiào xìn yǎng。 tā jiān jué fǎn duì mù hǎn mò dé， bìng jī jí pò hài mù sī lín。 zài zǎo qī chuán shuō zhōng， ào mǎ 'ěr shèn zhì duàn rán xíng cì mù hǎn mò dé。 yī gè guò lù de mù sī lín gào sù tā zuì hǎo xiān chū lǐ hǎo zì jǐ de jiā wù， yīn wéi dāng shí 'ào mǎ 'ěr de mèi mèi hé mèi fū dōuyǐ guī yǐ yī sī lán jiào。 dāng dǐ dá tā mèi mèi de zhù suǒ shí， tā fā xiàn tā hé tā zhàng fū zhèng zài sòng dú《 gǔ lán jīng》 shàng de shī piān。 zhè jī nù liǎo tā， shǐ tā yǔ mèi fū fā shēng dǒu 'ōu。 tā mèi mèi wèile bǎo hù zhàng fū 'ér bèi 'ào mǎ 'ěr wù shāng， dāng kàn jiàn tā liúxiě shí， ào mǎ 'ěr shēn gǎn huǐ wù。 wèile biǎo shì hé jiě zī tài 'ào mǎ 'ěr yě dú liǎo yī duàn tā mèi mèi gāng gāng niàn sòng de jīng wén。 jù shuō yīn wéi bèi jīng wén gǎn rǎn， ào mǎ 'ěr dāng tiān jiù guī yǐ liǎo yī sī lán jiào。 dāng 'ào mǎ 'ěr xiàng gǔ lāi shí zú qiú cháng AbuJahl bào gào tā gǎi biàn xìn yǎng hòu， jù chuán qiú cháng nù chì tā： “ shén zǔ zhòu nǐ！ ” huái zhe mǎn qiāng rè chén， ào mǎ 'ěr cóng cǐ gōng kāi wéi yī sī lán jiào zài kè 'ěr bái dǎo gào bìng chéng wéi bù luò qiú cháng， AbuSufyan hé AbuJahl duì cǐ dà wéi fèn nù rán 'ér zhǐ néng zuò shì。 zhèyīháng jìng jìn yī bù shǐ dé mù sī lín duì gōng kāi chuán bō yī sī lán jiào xìn xīn dà zēng， yīn wéi méi yòu rén gǎn yú zǔ náo 'ào mǎ 'ěr de dǎo gào。
qiān jū mài dì nà
ào mǎ 'ěr yú 622 nián qiān jū mài dì nà， tā shì zuì zǎo qiān jū mài dì nà de yí mín zhě zhī yī。 zài nà 'ér tā chéng wéi mù hǎn mò dé de liǎng dà zhù yào gù wèn zhī yī（ lìng yī wèi shì 'ài bǔ · bó kè 'ěr）。 tā cānyù liǎo Badr,Uhud,Khaybar de zhàn dǒu hé qí xí xù lì yà， jí xǔ duō qí tā de zhàn yì， chéng wéi mù hǎn mò dé de qīn mì zhàn yǒu。 625 nián， ào mǎ 'ěr de nǚ 'ér Hafsah jià gěi liǎo xiān zhī mù hǎn mò dé。
ài bǔ · bó kè 'ěr rèn hā lǐ fā shí qī
ài bǔ · bó kè 'ěr bèi tuī jǔ wéi xīn yī rèn lǐng dǎo rén， jí hā lǐ fā。 mài dì nà běn tǔ de mù sī lín zhǔn bèi tuī jǔ tā men zì jǐ de lǐng dǎo rén。 zhè fěn suì liǎo mài dì nà běn tǔ jū mín yǔ mài jiā yí mín suǒ dá chéng de yī zhì。 ài bǔ · bó kè 'ěr yǔ 'ào mǎ 'ěr liǎng rén shuāng shuāngshēn jiā liǎo huì yì， jīng guò yī tiān de shāng tǎo hòu， ào mǎ 'ěr zhù dòng xuān shì xiào zhōng yú bó kè 'ěr。 yī sī lán xuǎn mín gēn zhe yě xiàng bó kè 'ěr xiào zhōng， fú cóng mù hǎn mò dé gěi chū de zhǒng zhǒng 'àn shì： ài bǔ · bó kè 'ěr jiāng chéng wéi tā de jì chéng rén。
ài bǔ · bó kè 'ěr zài wèi shí jiān hěn duǎn， tā xíng shǐ zhí quán de dà bù fēn shí jiān dōubèi pàn jiào zhàn zhēng suǒ zhàn yòng， zài zhè cì zhàn zhēng zhōng yī xiē bù luò wàng tú tuō lí mù sī lín lián méng。 ào mǎ 'ěr dāng shí shì bó kè 'ěr de zhù yào gù wèn。 zài 'ài bǔ · bó kè 'ěr yú 634 nián qù shì hòu， ào mǎ 'ěr bèi zhǐ dìng wéi jì chéng rén。
ào mǎ 'ěr de tǒng zhì
zài 'ào mǎ 'ěr rèn hā lǐ fā shí qī， yī sī lán dì guó yǐ kōng qián de sù dù jìn xíng kuò zhāng， zhēng fú liǎo měi suǒ bù dá mǐ yà、 bō sī de bù fēn lǐng tǔ bìng zuì zhōng miè wáng dāng shí tǒng zhì bō sī de sà shān wáng cháo， bìng cóng bài zhàn tíng dì guó shǒu zhōng duó qǔ liǎo 'āi jí、 bā lè sī tǎn、 běi fēi hé yà měi ní yà。 636 nián zài dà mǎ shì gé fù jìn jìn xíng de yé 'ěr mù kè zhī zhàn zhōng， ào mǎ 'ěr yǐ shǎo shèng duō， yǒng jiǔ de jié shù liǎo bài zhàn tíng dì guó zài xiǎo yà xì yà nán bù de tǒng zhì。 suī rán yī sī lán dì guó yī kāi shǐ jiù xiàng wài kuò zhāng， nà xiē bèi zhēng fú tǔ dì shàng de rén mín（ yóu qí shì bō sī rén ) zài fā zhǎn yī sī lán wén huà fāng miàn zuò liǎo zhòng dà gòng xiàn。
zài 636 nián de yòu fā lā dǐ hé pàn de al-Qādisiyyah huì zhàn zhōng， ā lā bó rén yǐ shǎo shèng duō dà bài bō sī rén。 huì zhàn guò chéng zhōng 'ā lā bó jiànglǐng Sa`dibnAbiWaqqas bāo chāo liǎo sà shān dà jūn bìng jī shā bō sī jiànglǐng RostamFarrokhzād。
tiáo yuē yǔ lì fǎ
637 nián， zài màn cháng de yé lù sǎ lěng wéi chéng zhī hòu， ā lā bó jūn duì dé yǐ hé píng jìn chéng bìng qiān dìng tiáo yuē。 zǎo jǐ nián de shí hòu yuán lǎo céng xuān bù tā bù huì yǔ chú hā lǐ fā běn rén zhī wài de rèn hé rén qiān dìng tiáo yuē。 yóu yú zhè gè yuán yīn， ào mǎ 'ěr qīn zì lái dào yé lù sǎ lěng， zài mù sī lín jūn wán quán kòng zhì zhōu biān lǐng tǔ zhī hòu。 wèile mù sī lín yǔ jī dū tú shuāng fāng lì yì， ào mǎ 'ěr qiān gōng dì rù chéng， yǔ tā shēn bàng qí lǘ de shì cóng yī qǐ。 jù shuō tā yǐ jīng bǎ mén hù jiāo hái gěi gāi chéng jū mín jīng yóu zhèng tǒng jī dū tú zhǎnglǎo suǒ fú róng ní sī， zài qiān dìng hé píng xié dìng zhī hòu ( jīn tiān bèi chēng zuò“ ào mǎ 'ěr tiáo yuē” )。
ào mǎ 'ěr ràng cháng lǎo dài lǐng tā qù gǔ lǎo de yóu tài shén miào yí zhǐ。 dāng fā xiàn yí zhǐ fù gài yú wū zì zhī zhōng， ào mǎ 'ěr shí fēn zhèn jīng。 nà shì yīn wéi luó mǎ rén fā qǐ liǎo bǎ tā yòng zuò mài duī de fēng sú。 ào mǎ 'ěr dāng chǎng guì xià yòng shǒu qù qīng lǐ。 dāng mù sī lín men kàn dào tā de xíng dòng hòu yě fēn fēn gēn suí tā， mǎ shàng 'ā kè sà de quán bù dì qū， yuè 25 yīng mǔ， bèi qīng lǐ gān jìng。 qí hòu， yī gè mù zhì de qīng zhēn sì zài yí zhǐ nán bù bèi jiàn lì， zhè jiù shì jīn tiān 'ā kè sà qīng zhēn sì。 ào mǎ 'ěr bèi yī gè yǐ guī yǐ yī sī lán jiào de lā bǐ Ka'abal-Ahbar dài lǐng cān guān liǎo yí zhǐ de diàn jī shí。 zhè kuài shí tóu bèi shān lán bāo wéi， xǔ duō nián yǐ hòu wō mǎ yà wáng cháo de hā lǐ fā zài yí zhǐ zhī shàng xiū jiàn liǎo yuán dǐng qīng zhēn sì。
zhàn lǐng yé lù sǎ lěng zhī hòu， ào mǎ 'ěr wéi qí tā xìn yǎng de chéng yuán jū zhù yú chéng zhōng shù lì qǐ jí dù de zūn jìng。 500 nián lái de dì yī cì zì cóng yóu tài rén cóng shèng dì bèi zhú chū， tā men bèi yǔn xǔ shí jiàn tā men de xìn yǎng bìng jū zhù zài yé lù sǎ lěng fù jìn。 gēn jù yóu tài bǎi kē quán shū， 70 gè jiā tíng zài chéng zhōng dìng jū xià lái。 ào mǎ 'ěr hái xǔ kě liǎo yī xiē xié dìng（ bèi chēng wéi 'ào mǎ 'ěr méng yuē）， yǔ jī dū jiào xìn tú yī qǐ， què lì liǎo tā men zài mù sī lín tǒng zhì zhī xià de quán lì yǔ yì wù。
zuò wéi yī gè zhēng fú zhě， ào mǎ 'ěr zhù dǎo liǎo duō xiàng gǎi gé bìng quán miàn jiǎn shì liǎo guó jiā zhèng cè。 tā zài xīn zhēng fú de tǔ dì shàng què lì bìng fā zhǎn liǎo xíng zhèng bù mén， bāo kuò yī xiē xīn de zhèng fǔ bù mén hé guān liáo jī gòu， bìng zhù chí liǎo mù sī lín tǒng zhì qū yù de rén kǒu pǔ chá。 zài tā de tǒng zhì xià， zhù jūn de chéng shì rú bā shì lā、 kù fǎ bèi jiàn lì jí kuò zhǎn。 638 nián， tā zhù chí kuò zhǎn hé xiū fù liǎo mài jiā de dà qīng zhēn sì hé mài dì nà de xiān zhī qīng zhēn sì。 tā kāi shǐ zǔ zhì biān zhuàn yī sī lán fǎ diǎn , yú cǐ tóng shí， tā xià lìng zhú chū Najran hé Khaibar de jī dū jiào jí yóu tài jiào tuán tǐ， bìng jìn zhǐ fēi mù sī lín zài hàn zhì shěng jū zhù sān tiān yǐ shàng。 (G.LeviDellaVidaandM.Bonner,EncyclopediaofIslam,andMadelung,TheSuccessiontoProphetMuhammad(PeaceBeUponHim),p.74)
zuò wéi yī míng lǐng dǎo zhě， ào mǎ 'ěr yīn tā jiǎn dān yán lì de shēng huó fāng shì 'ér wén míng。 yú bèi shèng shì táo zuì hé yì shòu tóng shí dài qí tā lǐng dǎo zhě yǐng xiǎng bù tóng， tā de shēng huó tài dù xiāng bǐ mù sī lín shēng shì ruò xiǎo qiě bèi pò hài shí bìng méi yòu shénme gǎi biàn。 gōng yuán 639 nián， tā jì wèi wéi hā lǐ fā 4 nián hòu、 xī jí lái（ zhǐ mù hǎn mò dé cóng mài jiā qiān xǐ mài dì nà de lì shǐ shì jiàn） 17 nián hòu， zhì dìng liǎo yī sī lán lì fǎ（ huí lì）， yǐ xī jí lái wéi jì yuán。
644 nián，
Omar was born in Mecca, early years, worked as shepherds and traders, grew up in humble circumstances. Khattab ibn Nufayl his father came from a middle class family polytheism. Not civilized in that era, he was well educated, martial arts, and physical strong. Although Omar widely respected and noble descent from a family, but he and the rest of the Gulai Shi clan and not much different. Its founding in the pre-Islamic tribal Omar is just an ordinary member of Gu Laishi, but after the founding of Islam, Omar became the greatest person on earth one [citation needed].
When Muhammad began to preach the Islamic morality, the Omar is committed to protecting the Arab belief in the traditional polytheism. He strongly opposed Muhammad, and actively persecuted Muslims. In the early legend, Muhammad Omar and even outright assassination. A crossing of the Muslim to tell his best good-first-out their home grounds because it was Omar's sister and her husband have converted to Islam. When they reached the residence of his sister, he found that she and her husband is reading "Koran" on the Psalms. This angered him, so he and brother fight occurred. His sister to protect her husband was Omar accidental injury, when I saw her bleeding, Omar deep repentance. Omar said the conciliatory gestures to also read some his sister had just recite the scriptures. Because Scripture is said to be infected, the same day Omar converted to Islam. When Omar Abu Jahl to the Quraysh chiefs after reporting his conversion, he allegedly chiefs angrily: "God curse you!" With enthusiasm, Umar Islam, from public to pray in the Kaaba, and a tribal sheikh , Abu Sufyan and Abu Jahl, however, can only sit and watch this much anger. The act further allows Muslims to spread Islam in public confidence, because no one dared to obstruct Omar prayer.
Omar in 622 moved to Medina, he was among the first immigrants moved to Medina one. Where he became one of Muhammad's two key advisers (the other was Abu Bakr). He took part in Badr, Uhud, Khaybar fighting and Syrian surprise attack, and many other battles, a close ally of Muhammad. 625, Omar's daughter Hafsah married the Prophet Muhammad.
Abu Bakr in office a short time, the exercise of his functions and powers most of the time occupied by traitors, war, war in the vain attempt of some tribes from the Muslim League. Omar was the principal adviser Burkle. In the Abu Bakr died in 634, after Omar was designated as heir.
In the 636 years of the Euphrates River in the al-Qādisiyyah battle, the Arabs defeated the Persians to win with fewer. Arab generals during the Battle of Sa `d ibn Abi Waqqas outflank the Sassanid army and kill the Persian general Rostam Farrokhzād.
Omar allow elders to lead him to the site of the ancient Jewish temple. When found among the ruins covered in stains, Omar was shocked. That is because the Romans used to sell it initiated the custom of the heap. Omar knelt hand to clean up the spot. When the Muslims see his actions have also followed him, and immediately all the regions the Al-Aqsa, the more 25 acres, was clean. Later, a wooden mosque in the southern sites were established, which is today the Al-Aqsa Mosque. Omar has been converted to Islam by a rabbi Ka'ab al-Ahbar a guided tour of the site's cornerstone. Stone surrounded by fencing, many years later Caliph Umayyad dynasty built a dome over the site of the mosque.
As a leader, Mullah Omar as he is known for simple and severe life. To be intoxicated and vulnerable flourishing contemporary impact of various other leaders, his attitude to life and is small compared to the momentum Muslim persecution no change. AD 639, he succeeded to the throne as the Caliph, after 4 years, shiggi to (referring to Muhammad from Mecca to Medina's history of migration events) 17 years after the development of the Islamic calendar (Hijri calendar) to shiggi to serve era.
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