姓: | 刘 | |||||||||||||||
名: | 炟 | |||||||||||||||
网笔号: | 孝章皇帝 | |||||||||||||||
庙号: | 肃宗 | |||||||||||||||
陵墓: | 敬陵 | |||||||||||||||
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刘炟年表:
公元58年,刘炟出生,被明帝马皇后收养,并以马氏为外家。
公元60年,被立为皇太子。
公元75年,刘炟即位,是为汉章帝。
公元78年,马太后去世,东汉光武帝和明帝时期所订立的“外戚不得封侯当政”的规定,终于开始动摇。外戚窦氏集团开始进入政治权力中枢。
公元79年,《白虎通》在汉章帝的主持下,由班固整理成书。
公元85年,西域乌孙国派人来访,与东汉中央政府交好,征战连年的中原与西域,又看见了和平的希望。
公元88年,汉章帝刘炟病逝。
【提倡儒学】
汉明帝永平三年(60),立为皇太子。在位期间,行宽厚之政,除去以往一人犯谋逆等大罪则亲属皆受牵连的禁令。命罪人减刑迁到边境地区。禁用酷刑,以尚书陈宠之议,除刑罚残酷的条文50余条。禁盐、铁私煮、私铸。注重选拔官吏,以得廉能之吏为政治清明的保证。打击豪强地主兼并土地,采取优惠政策募民垦荒,鼓励人口增殖,减轻徭役赋税。提倡儒术,建初八年(83),选高才生受学《左氏春秋》、《谷梁春秋》、《古文尚书》、《毛诗》。因经学家多分歧,集中诸卿、博士等于白虎观讲议五经同异,并命班固将讨论结果整理成书,名为《 白虎通德论》(又称《白虎通议》、《白虎通》),这部书系统地吸收了阴阳五行和谶纬之学,形成今文经学派的主要论点,是董仲舒以来儒家神秘主义哲学的进一步发展。改革历法,始用李梵等所作的《四分历》。
【东汉盛世】
[汉章帝]
汉章帝
章帝在位期间,国家兴盛、政局稳定,社会安宁,两度派班超出使西域,使得西域地区重新称藩于汉,与汉明帝共称“明章盛世”。但由于过分抬高儒教,致使一些官员求虚丢实,开始腐败。且章帝过于放纵外戚,导致汉和帝时期外戚专权,直接性的导致东汉的覆亡。
【爱好书法】
章帝还是一位书法家,他的草书非常有名,被称为“章草”。
【章帝逝世】
章和二年正月(88),章帝病逝于洛阳章德前殿,葬于汉敬陵(今河南洛阳东南)。 死时32岁。
【在位年号】
建初(9)76—84
元和(4)84—87
章和(2)87—88
【后妃子女】
皇后
章德窦皇后 无子
恭怀梁皇后(追封) 梁贵人 生汉和帝
妃嫔
窦贵人 窦皇后妹
宋贵人 生刘庆
梁大贵人 梁皇后姐
申贵人
子
1、刘伉 千乘贞王 (其曾孙为汉质帝)
2、刘全 平春悼王 无后
3、刘庆 清河孝王 (其子为汉安帝)
4、刘肇 汉和帝
5、刘寿 济北惠王 (其子为汉少帝)
6、刘开 河间孝王 (其孙为汉桓帝、曾孙为汉灵帝)
7、刘淑 城阳怀王 无后
8、刘万岁 广宗殇王 无后
女
刘男,建初四年封武德长公主。
刘王,四年封平邑公主,适黄门侍郎冯由。
刘吉,永元五年封阴安公主。
【谥号陵寝】
谥曰“孝章”,庙号“肃宗”,葬“敬陵”
【后人评价】
范晔
魏文帝称“明帝察察,章帝长者”。章帝素知人厌明帝苛切,事从宽厚。感陈宠之义,除惨狱之科。深元元之爱,著胎养之令。奉承明德太后,尽心孝道。割裂名都,以崇建周亲。平徭简赋,而人赖其庆。又体之以忠恕,文之以礼乐。故乃蕃辅克谐,群后德让。谓之长者,不亦宜乎!在位十三年,郡国所上符瑞,合于图书者数百千所。乌呼懋哉!
肃宗济济,天性恺悌。于穆后德,谅惟渊体。左右艺文,斟酌律礼。思服帝道,弘此长懋。儒馆献歌,戎亭虚候。气调时豫,宪平人富。
——《后汉书·肃宗孝章帝纪》
AD 78, the horse Queen Mother died, and Emperor Ming Han Guangwu period established by the "Dukes not Monkey power" requirement, finally began to shake. Dukes Doushi group entered the political power center.
Yongping three years of the Han Dynasty (60), established as a crown prince. Reign, OK generosity of the government, removed in the past a person who commits sin is relative plotters, etc. are subject to the prohibitions involved. Life commuted to move to border areas sinner. Disable torture, to pet the proposed Book of Chen, in addition to the provisions of cruel punishment, more than 50. Ban salt, iron private cook, private casting. Pay attention to selecting officials to be honest to the Officials for the more politically guaranteed. Annexation of the land against tyrannical landlords to adopt preferential policies to raise the people who have worked hard to encourage the proliferation of the population, reduce the corvee taxes. Promote Confucianism, the early construction of eight (83), selected outstanding student by the school, "Zuo Spring and Autumn", "Gu Liang Chunqiu", "Ancient Book", "Mao." Divided by the scientists for more than a concentrated Zhu Qing, Dr. White Tiger is equal to the proposed concept of the Five Classics with different stresses, and ordered Ban will discuss the results of finishing a book called "Bai Hu Tong of Ethics" (also known as "Bai Hu Tong Yee", "Bai Hu Tong" ), this book systematically absorbed the yin and yang and the Han and Wei, the formation of the New Text school principal argument is since the Confucian Dong further development of mystical philosophy. Reform of the calendar, beginning with the Vatican, etc. Lee's "quarter of the calendar."
Prime】 【Han
During the reign of Emperor Zhang of the National prosperity, political stability, social tranquility, two dispatching beyond the Western Regions, making re-called Western Regions in the Han clan, and of the Han Dynasty were "the next chapter Golden Age." However, excessive elevation of Confucianism, leading some officials seeking lost virtual reality, began to corruption. Zhang of over-indulgence and Dukes, resulting in the Han period and Dili Dukes autocratic direct result of the fall of Eastern Han Dynasty.
Jian-chu (9) 76-84
】 【Concubines children
Christine Liang Huai Empress (bestowed) beam in your life, Emperor He of Han
Liu Qing Song to your life
Son
Female
Liu Ji, Yong-yuan five letters Yinan Gong master.
Evaluation】 【posterity
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