| 姓： | 劉 | ||||||||||||
| 名： | 恆 | ||||||||||||
| 網筆號： | 漢太宗孝文皇帝 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
【劉恆年表】
公元前203年，劉恆出生。
公元前197年，劉恆被封為代王。
公元前180年，劉恆被擁立為帝，是為漢文帝。
公元前157年，漢文帝劉恆駕崩，享年47歲，葬於灞陵，廟號太宗。
【登基：是偶然，還是必然】
漢文帝劉恆，以德政治天下，開創了中國封建社會第一個治世—文景之治。“治世”是治平之世，也就是太平盛世。
初封代王
漢文帝劉恆是劉邦庶妻薄姬所生。薄姬是吳（今江蘇蘇州市）人，秦末，魏豹自立為魏王，納薄姬為妾。楚漢戰爭初期，魏王豹被韓信、曹參打敗，她也成了俘虜，後被送入織室織布。劉邦見薄姬有些姿色，就納入後宮。高祖四年（前203年），她便生下了劉恆。劉邦專寵戚夫人時，薄姬基本上就沒有被寵幸過，在後宮爭寵中屬於中立派，為人謙和，誰知這正是她沒有遭到呂後暗算的一個原因。高祖十一年（前196年），劉邦帶兵平定了代地陳豨的叛亂，就立8歲的劉恆為代王，都於中都（今山西平遙西南）。
代王即位
公元前180年，高後呂雉病死，遵照呂雉的囑咐，呂産、呂祿各自住在北軍和南軍不敢離開，他們聚兵長安，
妄圖發動政變，奪取帝位。在這種危急的情況下，劉姓宗室集團和功臣集團结成聯盟，共同誅滅諸呂。齊王劉襄發難於外，周勃奪取北軍於內，殺盡諸呂的所有男女成員，史稱“周勃安劉”。
諸呂被滅以後，有人提議立齊王劉襄為皇帝，他不僅是高祖劉邦的長孫，又有首先起兵反諸呂之功。但因為齊王的母舅傢族勢力比較強大，大臣們害怕再來一個呂氏專權，所以被否决了。淮南王劉長也因“傢母惡”被否决。
周勃和陳平主張立代王劉恆，“代王方今高祖親子，最長，仁孝寬厚。太後傢薄氏謹良。且立長固順，以仁孝聞於天下，便。”這是衆人能接受的惟一方案，得到了贊同，於是派人去請代王。
代王劉恆見到迎請的使者後，頗為猶豫，又請母親薄太後給拿主意。薄氏不肯輕易讓兒子去冒險。母子决定先讓薄氏的兄弟薄昭到長安去見太尉周勃。周勃嚮薄昭講明大臣們立劉恆為皇帝的真意後，劉恆這纔啓程進京。
劉恆至京，丞相陳平等拜曰：“子弘等皆非孝惠子，不當奉宗廟。大王，高祖長子，宜為嗣。願大王即天子位！”劉恆再三推讓之後，於高後八年（前180年）九月三十日，遂即天子位，時年24歲。劉章的弟弟東牟侯劉興居提出清除宮內的姦佞小人，於是和太僕夏侯嬰進宮，用車將後少帝載出，然後擁護着法駕去迎接皇帝，當晚，劉恆進入未央宮。
從上述史實可見，文帝登基既是偶然，也是必然。這個問題，可以從兩個方面來分析。
從主觀方面看：漢文帝並不是高祖得寵之子，母親薄姬也不是宮中得勢之人，這卻使文帝從小就無荒淫之舉、驕矜之態，素有“仁孝寬厚”的美譽。更何況劉邦在世的兒子僅剩兩名，他又年長於淮南王劉長。他的自身條件，使他成為最佳人選。
從客觀方面看：文帝即位，實際是劉姓宗室集團與功臣集團之間相互妥協、精心謀劃的結果，是最高統治集團進行的利益和權力的再分配，是皇權體製的重新組合。在漢初，皇權的核心部分主要由宗室、功臣、外戚三種勢力構成。三大集團既有共同利益，又各有特殊利益，而每種勢力的消長都可能引起皇權結構的變動。所以，任何勢力過度追逐自身利益，都會打破均衡，導致衝突。誅除諸呂就是這種衝突和鬥爭的結果。因為文帝母族“薄氏謹良”，即軟弱謹慎，對宗室和功臣兩大集團構不成威脅，所以纔得到他們的首肯。
皇權這種結構關係，使文帝不可能推動積極有為的政策。劉恆之“勢”天生不足，必須掩飾自己的權欲，必須實行妥協的政策，以免刺激宗室、功臣集團出現過敏反映，誘發不測事件。
【皇權：是分割，還是集中】
文帝劉恆入京，僅帶宋昌、張武等六人。漢文帝下定决心要盡快整合皇權體製，以恢復和加強國傢政權的運轉能力。
鞏固皇權
軍權是最大的權，文帝深諳此道，所以在他進入未央宮的當天夜裏，就命令宋昌為衛將軍，鎮撫南、北二軍；命張武為郎中令，巡察保衛宮中。有司衙門分別誅殺少後帝及其三個弟弟於他們自己的府第裏。皇帝回到前殿，連夜頒布詔令，大赦天下。
文帝知道自己在漢廷並無雄厚的政治基礎，有的宗室認為他是“摘桃派”，僅僅是依靠一批老臣的擁戴而登上皇位的，他所面臨的是不斷壯大和日益驕橫的諸侯王勢力，所以他首要的任務是采取恩威並施的兩手策略來鞏固皇權。
“恩”：封賞功臣、宗室
漢文帝即位之後，首先封賜誅諸呂有功之臣。文帝前元年（前179年)十月，封周勃為右丞相，陳平為左丞相，灌嬰為太尉，組成新的漢廷中央。隨劉恆入朝的官員，有的官至列卿。
除了保留舊有的諸侯王之外，漢文帝又立了一批新的諸侯王。同年十二月，立原趙幽王劉友之子劉遂為趙王；徙封原琅邪王劉澤為燕王。後來，又立劉遂之第劉強為河間王；朱虛侯劉章為城陽王；東牟侯劉興居為濟北王；立皇子劉武為代王，又徙封為淮陽王，後徙封為梁王；封劉參為太原王；劉揖為梁王。
同年正月，即劉恆即位三個月後，根據群臣的建議，文帝立長子劉啓為太子。這樣，自漢高祖以來，預立太子就成為漢傢的定製。三月，立竇氏為皇后。
“威”：堅决地鎮壓兩起諸侯王的叛亂
由於漢王朝大力推行無為政治，對諸侯王勢力的惡性發展，起了催化作用。諸侯坐大，形成“尾大不掉”之勢，必然使劉氏宗室內部在皇權和王權的分割問題上産生了尖銳的矛盾，這個矛盾從文帝即位後就開始激化了。文帝三年（前177年），濟北王劉興居叛亂，首開王國武裝反抗漢廷之先例。文帝派兵鎮壓，叛軍頃刻瓦解，劉興居被俘後自殺。
衹過了三年，淮南王劉長又舉起了叛旗。但尚未行動，即被朝廷發覺。文帝派人傳訊劉長入京，罷去他的封號，將他發配蜀郡。途中，劉長絶食而死。
賈誼獻策
兩起叛亂雖被平息了，但漢初諸侯王勢力的惡性發展，實際上已成為對抗中央朝廷的分裂勢力。朝廷中一些有識之士，認
為到了非從根本上解决不可的時候了。賈誼就是其中突出的代表。
時年28歲的賈誼上《陳政事疏》（即《治安策》），提出兩點：第一，親疏不是主要問題，即同姓諸侯王不比異姓王可靠。第二，是強者先反叛，弱者後反叛，在這樣的封國條件下，最後都是要威脅中央集權政權的。賈誼提出解决的辦法就是“衆建諸侯王而少其力”，即分割諸侯王國的勢力，從而達到中央集權的目的。
文帝十分欣賞賈誼的《治安策》，然而，當時他正用心於穩定政局，恢復和發展社會經濟，形勢不允許他與諸侯王公開對抗。直到文帝十六年（前164年），齊王劉則死，無子嗣位，文帝才分最大的齊國的六國。又封劉長的三子劉安、劉勃、劉賜等為王，將淮南國一分為三。賈誼關於衆建諸侯的建議，至此纔得以實施，但皇權和王權的矛盾並沒有從根本上得到解决，分權和集權的問題依然存在。由於文帝對同姓諸侯王基本上采取姑息政策，所以導致了景帝時期的吳楚七國之亂。
【治世：是利國，還是利民】
西漢王朝建立後，漢高祖、惠帝、呂後都着力於發展農業生産，穩定統治秩序，收到了顯著的成效。然而文帝即位之時，不僅國傢財力嚴重不足，人民生活還相當睏頓。造成這種貧睏的狀況，是由於“一人耕之，十人聚而食之”，農民遭受殘酷剝削，淫侈之風日益嚴重，以及社會背本趨末的結果。這表明漢初一度緩和的社會矛盾，到文景時期又逐漸趨於表面化。怎樣才能解决這個矛盾？怎樣才能求得經濟的恢復和發展？
安民為本
年輕的賈誼作《過秦論》為文帝提出治國的根本方針為“牧民之道，務在安之”。這股要求安民的社會思潮，是惠帝以來朝野共同的要求，也是鞏固西漢統治的需要。
在“安民”方針指導下，歸納起來，文帝采取的措施有：
減省租賦
為了吸引農民歸農力本，文帝以減輕田租稅率的辦法，改變背本趨末的社會風氣，用來激發農民的生産積極性，文帝二年（前178年）和十二年（前168年），曾兩次“除田租稅之半”，即租率由十五稅一減為三十稅一，即納1∕30的土地稅，十三年還全部免去田租。自此以後，三十稅一成為漢代定製。此外，算賦也由每人每年120 錢減至每人每年40錢。
減輕徭役
文帝“偃武興文”，“丁男三年而一事”，即成年男子的徭役減為每三年服役一次。這樣的減免，在中國封建社會史上是獨一無二的。
令列侯歸國
文帝即位之初，列侯多居長安，遠離所屬食邑，造成“吏卒給輸費苦”，給人民增加了一項新的轉輸負擔。文帝二年（前178年），即詔令列侯回歸封邑，做官吏的及有詔令特許的，要將太子送歸封邑，其他任何人不許留居長安，以減輕人民的負
擔。
弛山澤之禁
文帝後六年（前158年），文帝下令，開放原來歸屬國傢的所有山林川澤，准許私人開採礦産，利用和開發漁????資源，從而促進了農民的副業生産和與國計民生有重大關係的????鐵生産事業的發展。弛禁的結果，“富商大賈周流天下，交易之物莫不通”。
廢除過關用傳制度
漢代在軍事重鎮或邊地要塞，都設關卡以控製人口流動，檢查行旅往來。出入關隘時，要持有“傳”，即通過關卡的符信（憑證），方可放行。文帝十二年（前168 年）三月，文帝取消出入關的“傳”，從而有利用於商品的流通和各地區間的經濟聯繫，對於農業生産的發展也有一定的促進作用。
入粟拜爵
文帝十二年（前168年），號稱“智囊”的太子傢令晁錯嚮文帝建議：“募天下之人入粟於邊，以受爵免罪，不過三歲，塞下之粟必多矣。”文帝采納了這個建議，采取公開招標價賣爵的辦法來充實邊防軍糧。晁錯又建議，入粟拜爵辦法實行後，邊境積粟足以支5年，可令入粟者輸於郡縣，是郡縣也積粟；邊境和郡縣都已充實，就可以免除天下田租。入粟拜爵辦法的實行，是農民的處境暫時有所改善。
躬修節儉
文帝在位23年，車騎服禦之物都沒有增添；屢次下詔禁止郡國貢獻奇珍異寶；平時穿戴都是用粗糙的黑絲綢做的衣服；文帝為自己預修的陵墓，也要求從簡。在中國歷代帝王中，文帝是一生都註重簡樸為世人稱道的皇帝。
第一個治世
由於文帝采取了上述的方針和措施，就使當時社會經濟獲得了顯著的發展，統治秩序也日臻鞏固。西漢初年，大侯封國不過萬傢，小的五六百戶；到了文帝和景帝時期，流民還歸田園，戶口迅速繁息。列侯封國大者至三四萬戶，小的也戶口倍增，而且比過去富實多了。中國古代社會開始進入治世。
源於文帝時期的文景之治之所以成為封建社會的盛世，原因是多方面的：
統治者認識的改變
漢初統治者從秦亡的教訓中，第一次看到了“民”的力量，認識到這個力量雖在平時不顯現，然而絶不能忽視它。如果過分侵犯了“民”維持生存的起碼權利，“民”就不是原來的被動狀態，而要以暴力的行動顯示出它不僅能載舟亦能覆舟的強大力量。所以統治者就要對“民”讓步，就要順“民”心。
統治者大力推行黃老政治
漢初統治者，尤其是文帝和景帝，堅持“清靜無為”“躬修節儉”，實行輕徭薄賦的政策，結果減少了人力物力的浪費，解决了秦過分剝削農民、破壞合理的權利和界限的根本問題，這樣，就造成一個“吏安其官，民樂其業”的良好社會環境。
文帝個人的勵精圖治
劉恆即位不久，就廢止了誹謗妖言之罪，使臣下能大膽提出不同的意見。秦代以來有所謂“秘祝”之官，凡有災異就移過於臣下。文帝十三年（前167年）下詔廢除並且聲明：“百官的錯誤和罪過，皇帝要負責。”次年，他又禁止祠官為他祝福，文帝謙讓寬容，以禮相待，便自然形成一種比較清明的政治空氣，正因為如此，漢文帝的政績不但得到了後人的贊譽，也得到了西漢末年赤眉軍的尊崇，他們攻占長安後，西漢皇陵均被破壞，唯有漢文帝的霸陵得到了保護。
【司法：是守成，還是改革】
秦漢時期的黃老學一個主要特徵是“守法而無為”，所謂“無為”，不是毫無作為，也不是漫無邊際的放任，而是不超越
既定的法律規定。“法”是“無為”的界限，而無為的“道”又是“法”的根源。所以，要求“法立而弗敢廢”，就是指立法之後不輕易變更，要“循守成法”。
漢初統治者堅持黃老之學“賞罰信”的思想，主張嚴格執法，即使皇帝也衹有“執道生法”的權力，而不得犯法。漢文帝就是一位不以個人意志破壞法律規定而“循守成法”的皇帝。一次，文帝出行中路過渭橋，有人從橋下走出，使文帝乘車的馬受驚而跑。廷尉張釋之判處此人“罪金”（罰四兩金）。文帝要求處死。張釋之嚮文帝說：“法律是天子和天下人共同製定的，如果我們輕易地改變法律，就會使人們對法律失去信任，不知怎樣做纔對。”文帝終究表示廷尉做得對。
黃老思想雖然吸收了法傢的“執法”“守法”思想，但基於“安民”“惠民”的立場，對法傢的“重刑輕罪”主張並不首肯。黃老思想不僅要求“君正”，而且要求“法正”。在這種思想作用下，漢初統治者堅持除秦苛法。文帝元年（前179年）十二月，除“收孥連坐法”。明令宣佈：“現在，廢除一人犯罪，傢人收為奴婢及各種株連的法律。”這是對舊傳統的否定，對成法的改革。
文帝最重要的改革是廢除肉刑，改革刑製。改革的起因是緹縈救父。文帝十三年（前167年），齊太倉令淳於公犯了罪，應當受刑。漢代的肉刑主要由黥刑（臉上刺字）、劓刑（割去鼻子）和斬左右趾（砍去左足或右足）。淳於公因為做過官，所以要押解到長安去受刑。淳於公幼女緹縈非常悲痛，便隨父到長安，上書文帝，說：“臣妾願意入官府為奴婢，來抵贖父罪。”文帝憐憫她的一片孝心，下令赦免了淳於公的肉刑，令其攜女歸傢，並且下詔廢除肉刑，改革刑製。
對漢文帝廢除肉刑，後世有許多評說，大多是認為出於“悲憐”緹縈，體現了文帝的“德政”。這一刑製的改革，在中國法製史上的意義是重大的，它是中國古代刑製由野蠻階段進入較為文明階段的標志。這一改革，為刑製嚮新“五刑”（笞、杖、徙、流、死）的過渡奠定了基礎。
【邊事：是抵禦，還是安撫】
漢文帝即位後，不僅內政復雜棘手，邊事也十分嚴峻，在國力不強的情況下，面對“鬍強南勁”的形勢，漢文帝采取了正確的策略，終於贏得了較好的外部環境。
“鬍強”：匈奴強悍
自白登之圍來，漢廷對匈奴實行和親政策，雖然收到了一定效果，但是並不能根本解除匈奴貴族的威脅，雙方一直處於戰和不定的狀態。
文帝在位期間，為了謀求安定的和平環境，對匈奴一直采取剋製忍讓的態度，繼續執行和親政策，避免大動幹戈。然而，匈奴雖然受益於和親政策，但是卻不信守和親的盟約。漢廷急需行之有效的禦邊之策。
當時任太子傢令的晁錯上書漢文帝，分析漢朝與匈奴雙方在軍事上各自的長短，建議實行“募民實邊 ”的策略。其主要內容為：在邊地建立城邑，招募內地人民遷徙邊地，一面種田，一面備“鬍”；每個城邑遷徙千戶以上的居民，由官府發給農具、衣服、糧食，直到他們能自給為止；遷往邊地的老百姓，按什伍編製組織起來，平時進行訓練，有事則可應敵，凡能抵抗匈奴人的侵擾，奪回被匈奴人掠奪的財富，則由官府照價賞賜一半。文帝在不同程度上采納了這個策略。
此外，文帝還在邊地建立馬苑36所，分佈在北部和西部，用官奴婢3萬人，養馬30萬匹。在民間，同樣奬勵老百姓養馬，以滿足邊防對馬匹的需求。
這些措施産生了積極的作用：改變了單一輪換屯戍的制度，既有利於對邊郡的開發，又大大加強了抗擊匈奴的防禦力量；有利於休養和生息，使內地的社會經濟迅速地恢復和發展；為後來漢武帝徹底解决匈奴問題打下了基礎。
“南勁”：南越強勁
在戰國秦漢時期，我國東南沿海及嶺南一帶，聚居一種支族衆多的越族，被統稱為“百越”。居住在嶺南地區的越人，因地處“楚之南”，被稱為“南越”。秦始皇三十三年（前214年）統一嶺南，在這裏設置了桂林、南海、和象三個郡。秦末農民戰爭起義爆發後，行南海尉事的趙佗自立為王。
漢高祖時，趙佗接受“南越王”封號，從此“稱臣奉漢約”，成為西漢王朝下的一個屬國—南越國。呂後統治時期，對南越實行經濟封鎖政策，趙佗即以兵戎相見，與漢王朝分庭抗禮。
公元前180年，呂後駕崩，文帝即位，改變扼殺政策，采取安撫政策，嚮南越提供發展生産所需的鐵器、農具、馬牛羊等。並派人修葺趙佗在真定（今河北正定）的祖墳，置守邑，歲時祭祀。又撤掉進攻南越的軍官，拜趙佗的兄弟做官。然後，遣陸賈再次出使南越。在文帝誠意的感召下，趙佗謝罪稱臣，從而再次贏得了發展經濟的有利條件。到武帝時期，嶺南地區經濟文化發展已有較大發展。
由以上可以看出，漢文帝對周邊少數民族不輕易用兵，盡力維持相安友好關係，以禮相待，兄弟相稱，這對於加強中原人民與周邊少數民族人民之間的團结，增進友誼，起了很好的作用，進一步促進了漢朝時期各個名族之間的融合，對中華民族的形成和發展做出了貢獻。
【文帝駕崩】
漢文帝後七年（前157年）夏六月，漢文帝駕崩，享年47歲，葬於霸陵（今陝西西安市西北）。死後，人們給了他最美好的謚號“孝文皇帝”。所謂“文”，代表着“經天緯地”“道德博聞”“學勤好文”“慈惠愛民”“愍民惠禮”等豐富含義，這都從不同的角度概括了漢文帝的政績。
文帝駕崩後，太子劉啓即皇帝位，是為漢景帝。
【後妃子女】
皇后
代王王後，劉恆還是代王時便已過世，所生的四個兒子相繼病死
竇姬，兒子劉啓被立為太子後成為皇后，稱孝文竇皇后，現在多稱竇太後
妃嬪
慎夫人
尹姬
子
漢景帝劉啓（竇皇后之子）
梁孝王劉武（竇皇后之子）
代孝王劉參
梁懷王劉揖
女
絳侯公主 史書未留名，嫁給周勃之子，絳侯（食邑8180戶）周勝之，按西漢慣例，稱為：絳侯公主
館陶公主 劉嫖（竇皇后之女），嫁給堂邑侯（食邑1800戶）陳午，所以又稱堂邑公主，武帝時稱竇太主
【《史記》記載】
孝文皇帝，◇集解漢書音義曰：“諱恆。”高祖中子也，母曰薄姬。高祖十一年春，已破陳豨軍，定代地，立為代王，都中都。□正義括地志雲：“中都故城在汾州平遙縣西南十二裏，秦屬太原郡也。”太後薄氏子。即位十七年，高後八年七月，高後崩。九月，諸呂呂産等欲為亂，以危劉氏，大臣共誅之，謀召立代王，事在呂後語中。
酢丞相陳平、太尉周勃等使人迎代王。代王問左右郎中令張武等。張武等議曰：“漢大臣皆故高帝時大將，習兵，多謀詐，此其屬意非止此也，特畏高帝、呂太後威耳。今已誅諸呂，新喋血○索隱疌，漢書作“喋”，音跕，丁牒反。漢書陳湯杜業皆言喋血，無盟歃事。廣雅雲“蹀，履也”，謂履涉之。京師，集解公羊傳曰：“京，大；師，衆也，天子之居，必以衆大之辭言也。”此以迎大王為名，實不可信。原大王稱疾毋往，以觀其變。”中尉宋昌進曰：○索隱東觀漢記宋楊傳宋義後有宋昌。又會稽典錄昌，宋義孫也。“群臣之議皆非也。夫秦失其政，諸侯豪桀並起，人人自以為得之者以萬數，然卒踐天子之位者，劉氏也，天下絶望，一矣。高帝封王子弟，地犬牙相製，○索隱言封子弟境土交接，若犬之牙不正相當而相銜入也。此所謂盤石之宗也，○索隱言其固如盤石。此語見太公六韜也。天下服其彊，二矣。漢興，除秦苛政，約法令，施德惠，人人自安，難動搖，三矣。夫以呂太後之嚴，立諸呂為三王，擅權專製，然而太尉以一節入北軍，○索隱即紀通所矯帝之節。一呼士皆左襢，為劉氏，叛諸呂，卒以滅之。此乃天授，非人力也。今大臣雖欲為變，百姓弗為使，其黨寧能專一邪？方今內有朱虛、東牟之親，外畏吳、楚、淮南、琅邪、齊、代之彊。方今高帝子獨淮南王與大王，大王又長，賢聖仁孝，聞於天下，故大臣因天下之心而欲迎立大王，大王勿疑也。”代王報太後計之，猶與未定。卜之龜，卦兆得大橫。◇集解應劭曰：“以荊灼龜，文正橫。”占曰：“大橫庚庚，餘為天王，夏啓以光。”◇集解服虔曰：“庚庚，橫貌也。”李奇曰：“庚庚，其繇文也。”張晏曰：“橫無思不服。庚，更也。言去諸侯而即帝位也。先是五帝官天下，老則禪賢，至啓始傳父爵，乃能光治先君之基業。文帝亦襲父跡，言似夏啓者也。”○索隱荀悅雲：“大橫，龜兆橫理也。”按：庚庚猶“更更”，言以諸侯更帝位也。荀悅雲“繇，抽也，所以抽出吉兇之情也”。杜預雲“繇，兆辭也，音胄也”。按：漢書蓋寬饒雲“五帝官天下，三王傢天下，官以傳賢人，傢以傳子孫”。官猶公也，謂不私也。代王曰：“寡人固已為王矣，又何王？”卜人曰：“所謂天王者乃天子。”於是代王乃遣太後弟薄昭往見絳侯，絳侯等具為昭言所以迎立王意。薄昭還報曰：“信矣，毋可疑者。”代王乃笑謂宋昌曰：“果如公言。”乃命宋昌參乘，張武等六人乘傳詣長安。至高陵休止，□正義括地志雲：“高陵故城在雍州高陵縣西南一裏，本名橫橋，架渭水上。三輔舊事雲秦於渭南有興樂宮，渭北有鹹陽宮。秦昭王欲通二宮之間，造橫橋，長三百八十步，橋北石水中，舊有忖留神象。此神曾與魯班語，班令其出，留曰‘我貌醜，卿善圖物容，不出’。班於是拱手與語曰‘出頭見我’。留乃出首。班以腳畫地，忖留覺之，便沒水。故置其像於水上，唯有腰以上。魏太祖馬見而驚，命移下之。”而使宋昌先馳之長安觀變。
故事昌至渭橋，◇集解蘇林曰：“在長安北三裏。”○索隱三輔故事：“鹹陽宮在渭北，興樂宮在渭南，秦昭王通兩宮之間，作渭橋，長三百八十步。”又關中記雲石柱以北屬扶風，石柱以南屬京兆也。丞相以下皆迎。宋昌還報。代王馳至渭橋，群臣拜謁稱臣。代王下車拜。太尉勃進曰：“原請間言。”○索隱包愷音閑，言欲嚮空間處語。顔師古雲：“間，容也，猶言中間。請容暇之頃，當有所陳，不欲即公論也。”宋昌曰：“所言公，公言之。所言私，王者不受私。”太尉乃跪上天子璽符。代王謝曰：“至代邸而議之。”○索隱說文：“邸，屬國捨。”遂馳入代邸。群臣從至。丞相陳平、太尉周勃、大將軍陳武、御史大夫張蒼、宗正劉郢、◇集解漢書百官表曰：“宗正，秦官。”應劭曰：“周成王時，彤伯入為宗正。”朱虛侯劉章、東牟侯劉興居、典客劉揭皆再拜言曰：“子弘等皆非孝惠帝子，不當奉宗廟。臣謹請陰安侯◇集解蘇林曰：“高帝兄伯妻羹頡侯信母，丘嫂也。”列侯頃王後◇集解徐廣曰：“代頃王劉仲之妻。”駰按：蘇林曰“仲子濞為吳王，故追謚頃王”也。如淳曰“頃王後封陰安侯，時呂嬃為林光侯，蕭何夫人亦為酇侯”。又宗室表此時無陰安，知其為頃王後也。○索隱按：蘇林、徐廣、韋昭以為二人封號，而樂産引如淳，以頃王後別封陰安侯，與漢祠令相會。今以陰安是別人封爵，非也。頃王後是代王後，文帝之伯母。代王降為郃陽侯，故云“列侯頃王後”。韋昭曰“陰安屬魏郡”也。與琅邪王、宗室、大臣、列侯、吏二千石議曰：‘大王高帝長子，宜為高帝嗣。’原大王即天子位。”代王曰：“奉高帝宗廟，重事也。寡人不佞，不足以稱宗廟。原請楚王計宜者，◇集解蘇林曰：“楚王名交，高帝弟。”○索隱楚王交，高帝弟，最尊。言更請楚王計宜者，故下云“皆為宜”也。寡人不敢當。”群臣皆伏固請。代王西鄉讓者三，南鄉讓者再。◇集解如淳曰：“讓群臣也。或曰賓主位東西面，君臣位南北面，故西嚮坐，三讓不受，群臣猶稱宜，乃更回坐示變，即君位之漸也。”丞相平等皆曰：“臣伏計之，大王奉高帝宗廟最宜稱，雖天下諸侯萬民以為宜。臣等為宗廟社稷計，不敢忽。原大王幸聽臣等。臣謹奉天子璽符再拜上。”代王曰：“宗室將相王列侯以為莫宜寡人，寡人不敢辭。”遂即天子位。
熳有群臣以禮次侍。乃使太僕嬰與東牟侯興居清宮，◇集解應劭曰：“舊典，天子行幸所至，必遣靜宮令先案行清靜殿中，以虞非常。”○索隱按：漢儀雲“皇帝起居，索室清宮而後行。”奉天子法駕，○索隱漢官儀雲：“天子鹵簿有大駕、法駕。大駕公卿奉引，大將軍參乘，屬車八十一乘。法駕公卿不在鹵簿中，惟京兆尹、執金吾、長安令奉引，侍中參乘，屬車三十六乘也。”迎於代邸。皇帝即日夕入未央宮。乃夜拜宋昌為衛將軍，鎮撫南北軍。以張武為郎中令，行殿中。還坐前殿。於是夜下詔書曰：“間者諸呂用事擅權，謀為大逆，欲以危劉氏宗廟，賴將相列侯宗室大臣誅之，皆伏其辜。朕初即位，其赦天下，賜民爵一級，女子百戶牛酒，◇集解蘇林曰：“男賜爵，女子賜牛酒。”○索隱按：封禪書云“百戶牛一頭，酒十石”。樂産雲“婦人無夫或無子不沾爵，故賜之也”。酺五日。”◇集解文穎曰：“漢律三人已上無故群飲，罰金四兩。今詔橫賜得令會聚飲食五日。”○索隱說文雲“酺，王者布德，大飲酒也”。出錢為醵，出食為酺。又按：趙武靈王滅中山，酺五日，是其所起也。
Ｓ催孝文皇帝元年十月庚戌，徙立故琅邪王澤為燕王。
亥，辛亥，皇帝即阼，□正義主人階也。謁高廟。右丞相平徙為左丞相，正義此時尚右。太尉勃為右丞相，大將軍灌嬰為太尉。諸呂所奪齊楚故地，皆復與之。
騎將壬子，遣車騎將軍薄昭迎皇太後於代。皇帝曰：“呂産自置為相國，呂祿為上將軍，擅矯遣灌將軍嬰將兵擊齊，欲代劉氏，嬰留滎陽弗擊，與諸侯合謀以誅呂氏。呂産欲為不善，丞相陳平與太尉周勃謀奪呂産等軍。朱虛侯劉章首先捕呂産等。太尉身率襄平侯通持節承詔入北軍。典客劉揭身奪趙王呂祿印。益封太尉勃萬戶，賜金五千斤。丞相陳平、灌將軍嬰邑各三千戶，金二千斤。朱虛侯劉章、襄平侯通、東牟侯劉興居邑各二千戶，金千斤。◇集解徐廣曰：“十一月辛醜。”封典客揭為陽信侯，○索隱韋昭雲勃海縣。□正義括地志雲：“陽信故城在滄州無棣縣東南三十裏，漢陽信縣。”賜金千斤。”
者，十二月，上曰：“法者，治之正也，所以禁暴而率善人也。今犯法已論，而使毋罪之父母妻子同産坐之，及為收帑，朕甚不取。其議之。”有司皆曰：“民不能自治，故為法以禁之。相坐坐收，所以纍其心，使重犯法，所從來遠矣。如故便。”上曰：“朕聞法正則民愨，罪當則民從。且夫牧民而導之善者，吏也。其既不能導，又以不正之法罪之，是反害於民為暴者也。何以禁之？朕未見其便，其孰計之。”有司皆曰：“ 陛下加大惠，德甚盛，非臣等所及也。請奉詔書，除收帑諸相坐律令。”◇集解應劭曰：“帑，子也。秦法一人有罪，並坐其傢室。今除此律。”知
。請正月，有司言曰：“蚤建太子，所以尊宗廟。請立太子。”上曰：“朕既不德，上帝神明未歆享，天下人民未有嗛志。○索隱按：嗛者，滿之意也。未有嗛志，言天下皆志不滿也。漢書作“鸑志”，安也。今縱不能博求天下賢聖有德之人而禪天下焉，而曰豫建太子，是重吾不德也。謂天下何？○索隱言何以謂於天下也。其安之。”○索隱其，發聲也。安者，徐也。言徐徐且待也。有司曰：“豫建太子，所以重宗廟社稷，不忘天下也。”上曰：“楚王，季父也，春秋高，閱天下之義理多矣，◇集解如淳曰：“閱，猶言多所更歷也。”明於國傢之大體。吳王於朕，兄也，惠仁以好德。淮南王，弟也，秉德以陪朕。集解文穎曰：“陪，輔也。”豈為不豫哉！諸侯王宗室昆弟有功臣，多賢及有德義者，若舉有德以陪朕之不能終，是社稷之靈，天下之福也。今不選舉焉，而曰必子，人其以朕為忘賢有德者而專於子，非所以憂天下也。朕甚不取也。”有司皆固請曰：“古者殷周有國，治安皆千餘歲，古之有天下者莫長焉，用此道也。○索隱言古之有天下者，無長於立子，故云“莫長焉”。用此道者，用殷周立子之道，故安治千有餘歲也。立嗣必子，所從來遠矣。高帝親率士大夫，始平天下，建諸侯，為帝者太祖。諸侯王及列侯始受國者皆亦為其國祖。子孫繼嗣，世世弗絶，天下之大義也，故高帝設之以撫海內。今釋宜建而更選於諸侯及宗室，非高帝之志也。更議不宜。○索隱言不宜更別議也。子某最長，純厚慈仁，請建以為太子。”上乃許之。因賜天下民當代父後者爵各一級◇集解韋昭曰：“文帝以立子為後，不欲獨饗其福，故賜天下為父後者爵。”封將軍薄昭為軹侯。◇集解徐廣曰：“正月乙巳也。”
子母三月，有司請立皇后。薄太後曰：“諸侯皆同姓，立太子母為皇后。”索隱謂帝之子為諸侯王，皆同姓。姓，生也。言皆同母生，故立太子母也。皇后姓竇氏。上為立後故，賜天下鰥寡孤獨窮睏及年八十已上孤兒九歲已下布帛米肉各有數。上從代來，初即位，施德惠天下，填撫諸侯四夷皆洽驩，乃循從代來功臣。上曰：“方大臣之誅諸呂迎朕，朕狐疑，皆止朕，唯中尉宋昌勸朕，朕以得保奉宗廟。已尊昌為衛將軍，其封昌為壯武侯。◇集解徐廣曰：“四月辛亥封，封三十四年，景帝中四年奪侯，國除。”○索隱韋昭雲膠東縣。□正義括地志雲：“壯武故城在萊州即墨縣西六十裏，古萊夷國，有漢壯武縣故城。”諸從朕六人，官皆至九卿。”□正義漢置九卿，一曰太常，二曰光祿，三曰衛尉，四曰太僕，五曰廷尉，六曰大鴻臚，七曰宗正，八曰大司農，九曰少府，是為九卿也。齋
吏二上曰：“列侯從高帝入蜀、漢中者六十八人皆益封各三百戶，故吏二千石以上從高帝潁川守尊等十人食邑六百戶，淮陽守申徒嘉等十人五百戶，衛尉定等十人四百戶。封淮南王舅父趙兼為周陽侯，□正義括地志雲：“周陽故城在絳州聞喜縣東二十九裏。”齊王舅父駟鈞為清郭侯。”◇集解如淳曰：“邑名，六國時齊有清郭君。清音靜。”○索隱按表，駟鈞封鄔侯。不同者，蓋後徙封於鄔。鄔屬鉅鹿郡。秋，封故常山丞相蔡兼為樊侯。○索隱韋昭雲：“樊，東平之縣。”□正義括地志雲：“漢樊縣城在兗州瑕丘西南二十五裏。地理志雲樊縣古樊國，仲山甫所封。”
ψ鷂人或說右丞相曰：“君本誅諸呂，迎代王，今又矜其功，受上賞，處尊位，禍且及身。”右丞相勃乃謝病免罷，左丞相平專為丞相。◇集解徐廣曰：“八月中。”
餘，二年十月，丞相平卒，復以絳侯勃為丞相。上曰：“朕聞古者諸侯建國千餘，各守其地，以時入貢，民不勞苦，上下驩欣，靡有遺德。今列侯多居長安，邑遠，吏卒給輸費苦，而列侯亦無由教馴其民。□正義馴，古“訓”字。其令列侯之國，為吏及詔所止者，遣太子。”◇集解張晏曰：“為吏，謂以卿大夫為兼官者。詔所止，特以恩愛見留者。”
有食十一月晦，日有食之。□正義按：說文雲日蝕則朔，月蝕則望。而云晦日食之，恐歷錯誤。十二月望，日又食。◇集解徐廣曰：“此雲望日又食。按：漢書及五行志無此日食文也。一本作‘月食’，然史書不紀月食。”上曰：“朕聞之，天生蒸民，為之置君以養治之。人主不德，布政不均，則天示之以菑，以誡不治。乃十一月晦，日有食之，適見於天，菑孰大焉！朕獲保宗廟，以微眇之身託於兆民君王之上，天下治亂，在朕一人，唯二三執政猶吾股肱也。朕下不能理育群生，上以纍三光之明，其不德大矣。令至，其悉思朕之過失，及知見思之所不及，匄以告朕。及舉賢良方正能直言極諫者，以匡朕之不逮。因各飭其任職，務省繇費以便民。朕既不能遠德，故忄間然念外人之有非，◇集解漢書音義曰：“忄間然猶介然也。非，姦非也。”○索隱蘇林雲“忄間，寢視不安之貌”，蓋近其意。餘說皆疏。忄間音下板反。是以設備未息。今縱不能罷邊屯戍，而又飭兵厚衛，其罷衛將軍軍。太僕見馬遺財足，○ 索隱遺猶留也。財，古字與“纔”同。言太僕見在之馬，今留纔足充事而已也。餘皆以給傳置。”○索隱按：廣雅雲“置，驛也”。續漢書云“驛馬三十裏一置”。故樂産亦云傳置一也。言乘傳者以傳次受名，乘置者以馬取匹。傳音丁戀反。如淳雲“律，四馬高足為傳置，四馬中足為馳置，下足為乘置，一馬二馬為軺置，如置急者乘一馬曰乘也”。
煜正月，上曰：“農，天下之本，其開籍田，◇集解應劭曰：“古者天子耕籍田千畝，為天下先。籍者，帝王典籍之常。”韋昭曰：“籍，藉也。藉民力以治之，以奉宗廟，且以勸率天下，使務農也。”瓚曰：“景帝詔曰‘朕親耕，後親桑，為天下先’。本以躬親為義，不得以假藉為稱也。籍，蹈籍也。”朕親率耕，以給宗廟粢盛。”◇集解應劭曰：“黍稷曰粢，在器中曰盛。”
詈鍆三月，有司請立皇子為諸侯王。上曰：“趙幽王幽死，朕甚憐之，已立其長子遂為趙王。遂弟闢彊及齊悼惠王子朱虛侯章、東牟侯興居有功，可王。”乃立趙幽王少子闢彊為河間王，以齊劇郡立朱虛侯為城陽王，立東牟侯為濟北王，皇子武為代王，子參為太原王，子揖為梁王。
盡蠹上曰：“古之治天下，朝有進善之旌，◇集解應劭曰：“旌，幡也。堯設之五達之道，令民進善也。”如淳曰：“欲有進善者，立於旌下言之。”誹謗之木，◇集解服虔曰：“堯作之，橋梁交午柱頭。”應劭曰：“橋梁邊板，所以書政治之愆失也。至秦去之，今乃復施也。”○索隱按：屍子云“堯立誹謗之木”。誹音非，亦音沸。韋昭雲“慮政有闕失，使書於木，此堯時然也，後代因以為飾。今宮外橋梁頭四植木是也 ”。鄭玄註禮雲“一縱一橫為午，謂以木貫表柱四出，即今之華表”。崔浩以為木貫表柱四出名“桓”，陳楚俗桓聲近和，又云“和表”，則“華”與“和”又相訛耳。所以通治道而來諫者。今法有誹謗妖言之罪，是使衆臣不敢盡情，而上無由聞過失也。將何以來遠方之賢良？其除之。民或祝詛上以相約結而後相謾，◇集解漢書音義曰：“民相結共祝詛上也。謾者，而後謾而止之，不畢祝詛也。”○索隱韋昭雲：“謾，相抵讕也。”說文雲：“謾，欺也。”謂初相約共行祝，後相欺誑，中道而止之也。吏以為大逆，其有他言，而吏又以為誹謗。此細民之愚無知抵死，朕甚不取。自今以來，有犯此者勿聽治。”
庥九月，初與郡國守相為銅虎符、竹使符。◇集解應劭曰：“銅虎符第一至第五，國傢當發兵，遣使者至郡合符，符合乃聽受之。竹使符皆以竹箭五枚，長五寸，鎸刻篆書，第一至第五。”張晏曰：“符以代古之珪璋，從簡易也。”○索隱漢舊儀銅虎符發兵，長六寸。竹使符出入徵發。說文雲分符而合之。小顔雲“右留京師，左與之。”古今註云“銅虎符銀錯書之”。張晏雲“銅取其同心也”。
漲擦三年十月丁酉晦，日有食之。十一月，上曰：“前日遣列侯之國，或辭未行。丞相朕之所重，其為朕率列侯之國。”絳侯勃免丞相就國，以太尉潁陰侯嬰為丞相。罷太尉官，屬丞相。四月，城陽王章薨。淮南王長與從者魏敬殺闢陽侯審食其。
唬骸五月，匈奴入北地，居河南為寇。帝初幸甘泉。◇集解蔡邕曰：“天子車駕所至，民臣以為僥幸，故曰幸。至見令長三老官屬，親臨軒，作樂，賜食帛越巾刀佩帶，民爵有級數，或賜田租之半，故因是謂之幸。”○索隱應劭雲：“宮名，在雲陽。一名林光。 ”臣瓚雲：“甘泉，山名。林光，秦離宮名。”又顧氏按：邢承宗西徵賦註云“甘泉，水名”。今按：蓋因地有甘泉以名山，則山水皆通也。宮名謬爾。六月，帝曰：“漢與匈奴約為昆弟，毋使害邊境，所以輸遺匈奴甚厚。今右賢王離其國，將衆居河南降地，非常故，往來近塞，捕殺吏卒，驅保塞蠻夷，令不得居其故，陵轢邊吏，入盜，甚敖無道，非約也。其發邊吏騎八萬五千詣高奴，遣丞相潁陰侯灌嬰擊匈奴。”匈奴去，發中尉◇集解漢書百官表曰：“中尉，秦官。”材官屬衛將軍軍長安。
，諸辛卯，帝自甘泉之高奴，因幸太原，見故群臣，皆賜之。舉功行賞，諸民裏賜牛酒。復晉陽□正義故城在汾州平遙縣西南十三裏。中都民三歲。留遊太原十餘日。
遣棘濟北王興居聞帝之代，欲往擊鬍，乃反，發兵欲襲滎陽。於是詔罷丞相兵，遣棘蒲侯陳武為大將軍，將十萬往擊之。祁侯賀◇集解徐廣曰：“姓繒，以文帝十一年卒，謚曰敬。”○索隱漢書音義祁音遲。賀姓繒。繒，古國，夏同姓也。正義括地志雲：“並州祁縣城，晉大夫祁奚之邑。”為將軍，軍滎陽。七月辛亥，帝自太原至長安。乃詔有司曰：“濟北王背德反上，詿誤吏民，為大逆。濟北吏民兵未至先自定，及以軍地邑降者，皆赦之，復官爵。與王興居去來，亦赦之。”◇集解徐廣曰：“乍去乍來也。”駰案：張晏曰“雖始與興居反，今降，赦之”。八月，破濟北軍，虜其王。赦濟北諸吏民與王反者。
言淮六年，有司言淮南王長廢先帝法，不聽天子詔，居處毋度，出入擬於天子，擅為法令，與棘蒲侯太子奇謀反，遣人使閩越及匈奴，發其兵，欲以危宗廟社稷。群臣議，皆曰“長當棄市”帝不忍緻法於王，赦其罪，廢勿王。群臣請處王蜀嚴道、邛都，◇集解徐廣曰：“漢書或作‘郵’字，或直雲‘邛僰’。邛都乃本是西南夷，爾時未通嚴道，有邛僰山。”□正義邛，其恭反。括地志雲：“嚴道今為縣，即邛州所理縣也。縣有蠻夷曰道，故曰嚴道。邛都縣本邛都國，漢為縣，今巂州也。西南夷傳云‘滇池以北君長以十數，邛都最大’是也。”按：群臣請處淮南王長蜀之嚴道，不爾，更遠邛都西有邛僰山也。邛僰山在雅州榮經縣界。榮經，武德年間置，本秦嚴道地。華陽國志雲：“邛筰山故邛人、筰人界也。山岩峭峻，麯回九折乃至，上下有凝冰。按即王尊登者也。今從九折西南行至巂州，山多雨少晴，俗呼名為漏天。”帝許之。長未到處所，行病死，上憐之。後十六年，追尊淮南王長謚為厲王，立其子三人為淮南王、○索隱名安，阜陵侯也。衡山王、○索隱名勃，安陽侯也。廬江王。○索隱名賜，周陽侯也。
唬骸十三年夏，上曰：“蓋聞天道禍自怨起而福繇德興。百官之非，宜由朕躬。今秘祝之官移過於下，◇集解應劭曰：“秘祝之官移過於下，國傢諱之，故曰秘。”以彰吾之不德，朕甚不取。其除之。”
猓五月，齊太倉令淳於公○索隱名意，為齊太倉令，故謂之倉公也。有罪當刑，詔獄逮徙係長安。太倉公無男，有女五人。太倉公將行會逮，駡其女曰：“生子不生男，有緩急非有益也！”其少女緹縈○索隱緹音啼。鄒氏音體，非。自傷泣，乃隨其父至長安，上書曰：“妾父為吏，齊中皆稱其廉平，今坐法當刑。妾傷夫死者不可復生，刑者不可復屬，雖復欲改過自新，其道無由也。妾原沒入為官婢，贖父刑罪，使得自新。 ”書奏天子，天子憐悲其意，乃下詔曰：“蓋聞有虞氏之時，畫衣冠異章服以為僇，□正義晉書刑法志雲：“三皇設言而民不違，五帝畫衣冠而民知禁。犯黥者阜其巾，犯劓者丹其服，犯臏者墨其體，犯宮者雜其屨，大辟之罪，殊刑之極，布其衣裾而無領緣，投之於市，與衆棄之。”而民不犯。何則？至治也。今法有肉刑三，◇集解李奇曰：“約法三章無肉刑，文帝則有肉刑。”孟康曰：“黥劓二，左右趾合一，凡三。”○索隱韋昭雲：“斷趾、黥、劓之屬。”崔浩漢律序雲：“文帝除肉刑而宮不易。”張斐註云：“以淫亂人族序，故不易之也。”而姦不止，其咎安在？非乃朕德薄而教不明歟？吾甚自愧。故夫馴道不純而愚民陷焉。詩曰‘愷悌君子，民之父母’。今人有過，教未施而刑加焉？或欲改行為善而道毋由也。朕甚憐之。夫刑至斷支體，刻肌膚，終身不息，何其楚痛而不德也，豈稱為民父母之意哉！其除肉刑。”
今勤上曰：“農，天下之本，務莫大焉。今勤身從事而有租稅之賦，是為本末者毋以異，◇集解李奇曰：“本，農也。末，賈也。言農與賈俱出租無異也，故除田租。”其於勸農之道未備。其除田之租稅。”
鋇囟十四年鼕，匈奴謀入邊為寇，攻朝塞，殺北地都尉昂。◇集解徐廣曰：“姓孫。封其子單為瓶侯。匈奴所殺。”上乃遣三將軍軍隴西、北地、上郡，中尉周捨為衛將軍，郎中令張武為車騎將軍，軍渭北，車千乘，騎卒十萬。帝親自勞軍，勒兵申教令，賜軍吏卒。帝欲自將擊匈奴，群臣諫，皆不聽。皇太後固要帝，◇集解如淳曰：“必不得自徵也。”帝乃止。於是以東陽侯張相如為大將軍，成侯赤◇集解徐廣曰：“姓董也。”為內史，欒布為將軍，擊匈奴。匈奴遁走。
於今春，上曰：“朕獲執犧牲珪幣以事上帝宗廟，十四年於今，歷日長，以不敏不明而久撫臨天下，朕甚自愧。其廣增諸祀墠場珪幣。昔先王遠施不求其報，望祀不祈其福，右賢左戚，◇集解韋昭曰：“右猶高，左猶下也。”○索隱劉德雲：“先賢後親也。”先民後己，至明之極也。今吾聞祠官祝釐，◇集解如淳曰：“釐，福也。賈誼傳‘受釐坐宣室’。”索隱音禧，福也。皆歸福朕躬，不為百姓，朕甚愧之。夫以朕不德，而躬享獨美其福，百姓不與焉，是重吾不德。其令祠官致敬，毋有所祈。”
始傳是時北平侯張蒼為丞相，方明律歷。魯人公孫臣上書陳終始傳五德事，索隱五行之德，帝王相承傳易，終而復始，故云“終始傳五德之事”。傳音轉也。言方今土德時，土德應黃竜見，當改正朔服色制度。天子下其事與丞相議。丞相推以為今水德，始明正十月上黑事，以為其言非是，請罷之。
熳幽十五年，黃竜見成紀，◇集解韋昭曰：“成紀縣屬天水。”天子乃復召魯公孫臣，以為博士，申明土德事。於是上乃下詔曰：“有異物之神見於成紀，無害於民，歲以有年。朕親郊祀上帝諸神。禮官議，毋諱以勞朕。”◇集解漢書音義曰：“言無所諱，勿以朕為勞。”有司禮官皆曰：“古者天子夏躬親禮祀上帝於郊，故曰郊。”於是天子始幸雍，郊見五帝，以孟夏四月答禮焉。趙人新垣平以望氣見，因說上設立渭陽五廟。◇集解韋昭曰：“在渭城。”欲出周鼎，當有玉英見。◇集解瑞應圖雲：“玉英，五常並修則見。”
Ｓ催十六年，上親郊見渭陽五帝廟，亦以夏答禮而尚赤。
人主十七年，得玉杯，◇集解應劭曰：“新垣平詐令人獻之。”刻曰“人主延壽”。於是天子始更為元年，○索隱按：秦本紀惠文王十四年更為元年。又汲塚竹書魏惠王亦有後元，當取法於此。又按：封禪書以新垣平候日再中，故改元也。令天下大酺。其歲，新垣平事覺，夷三族。
，上後二年，上曰：“朕既不明，不能遠德，是以使方外之國或不寧息。夫四荒之外不安其生，○索隱顧胤按：爾雅孤竹、北戶、西王母、日下謂之四荒也。封畿之內勤勞不處，二者之咎，皆自於朕之德薄而不能遠達也。間者纍年，匈奴並暴邊境，多殺吏民，邊臣兵吏又不能諭吾內志，以重吾不德也。夫久結難連兵，中外之國將何以自寧？今朕夙興夜寐，勤勞天下，憂苦萬民，為之怛惕不安，未嘗一日忘於心，故遣使者冠蓋相望，結軼於道，◇集解韋昭曰：“使車往還，故轍如結也。相如曰‘結軌還轍’。”○索隱鄒氏軼音逸，又音轍。漢書作“轍”。顧氏按：司馬彪雲“結謂車轍迴旋錯結之也”。以諭朕意於單於。今單於反古之道，計社稷之安，便萬民之利，親與朕俱棄細過，偕之大道，結兄弟之義，以全天下元元之民。○索隱戰國策雲：“ 製海內，子元元，非兵不可。”高誘註云：“元元，善也。”又按：姚察雲“古者謂人云善，言善人也。因善為元，故云黎元。其言元元者，非一人也”。顧野王又云“元元猶喁喁，可憐愛貌”。未安其說，聊記異也。和親已定，始於今年。”“後七年六月己亥，帝崩於未央宮。◇集解徐廣曰：“年四十七。”遺詔曰：“朕聞蓋天下萬物之萌生，靡不有死。死者天地之理，物之自然者，奚可甚哀。當今之時，世鹹嘉生而惡死，厚葬以破業，重服以傷生，吾甚不取。且朕既不德，無以佐百姓；今崩，又使重服久臨，以離寒暑之數，哀人之父子，傷長幼之志，損其飲食，絶鬼神之祭祀，以重吾不德也，謂天下何！朕獲保宗廟，以眇眇之身託於天下君王之上，二十有餘年矣。賴天地之靈，社稷之福，方內安寧，◇集解瓚曰：“方，四方也。內，中也。猶雲中外也。”靡有兵革。◇集解徐廣曰：“一云‘方內安，兵革息’。”朕既不敏，常畏過行，以羞先帝之遺德；維年之久長，懼於不終。今乃幸以天年，得復供養於高廟。朕之不明與嘉之，◇集解如淳曰：“與，發聲也。得卒天年已善矣。”其奚哀悲之有！其令天下吏民，令到出臨三日，皆釋服。毋禁取婦嫁女祠祀飲酒食肉者。自當給喪事服臨者，皆無踐。◇集解服虔曰：“踐，翦也。謂無斬衰也。”孟康曰：“踐，跣也。”晉灼曰：“漢語作‘跣’。跣，徒跣也。”○索隱漢語是書名，荀爽所作也。絰帶無過三寸，毋布車及兵器，◇集解應劭曰：“無以布衣車及兵器也。”服虔曰：“不施輕車介士也。”毋發民男女哭臨宮殿。宮殿中當臨者，皆以旦夕各十五舉聲，禮畢罷。非旦夕臨時，禁毋得擅哭。已下，索解謂柩已下於壙。服大紅十五日，小紅十四日，纖七日，釋服。◇集解服虔曰：“當言大功、小功布也。纖，細布衣也。”應劭曰：“紅者，中祥大祥以紅為領緣也。纖者，禫也。凡三十六日而釋服。”○索隱劉德雲：“紅亦功也。男功非一，故以‘工力’為字。而女工唯在於絲，故以‘糸工’為字。三十六日，以日易月故也。”佗不在令中者，皆以此令比率從事。佈告天下，使明知朕意。霸陵山川因其故，集解應劭曰：“因山為藏，不復起墳，山下川流不遏絶也。就其水名以為陵號。”○索隱霸是水名，水徑於山，亦曰霸山，即芷陽地也。毋有所改。歸夫人以下至少使。”◇集解應劭曰：“夫人以下有美人、良人、八子、七子、長使、少使，凡七輩，皆遣歸傢，重絶人類也。”令中尉亞夫為車騎將軍，屬國悍◇集解徐廣曰：“姓徐。”駰按：漢書百官表“典屬國，秦官，掌蠻夷降者”。為將屯將軍，◇集解李奇曰：“馮奉世為右將軍，以將屯將軍為名，此監主諸屯也。”郎中令武為復土將軍，◇集解如淳曰：“主穿壙填瘞事者。”○索隱復音伏。謂穿壙出土，下棺已而填之，即以為墳，故云復土。復，反還也。又音福。發近縣見卒萬六千人，發內史卒萬五千人，○索隱按：百官表雲內史掌理京師之官也。景帝更名京兆尹也。藏郭穿復土屬將軍武。古
宜齲乙巳，◇集解漢書云：“乙巳葬霸陵。”皇甫謐曰：“霸陵去長安七十裏。”群臣皆頓首上尊號曰孝文皇帝。主
子即太子即位於高廟。丁未，襲號曰皇帝。
蓋聞孝景皇帝元年十月，製詔御史：“蓋聞古者祖有功而宗有德，◇集解應劭曰：“始取天下者為祖，高帝稱高祖是也。始治天下者為宗，文帝稱太宗是也。”製禮樂各有由。聞歌者，所以發德也；舞者，所以明功也。高廟酎，◇集解張晏曰：“正月旦作酒，八月成，名曰酎。酎之言純也。至武帝時，因八月嘗酎會諸侯廟中，出金助祭，所謂‘酎金’也。”奏武德、文始、五行之舞。◇集解孟康曰：“武德，高祖所作也。文始，舜舞也。五行，周舞也。武德者，其舞人執幹戚。文始舞執羽籥。五行舞冠冕，衣服法五行色。見禮樂志。”○索隱應劭雲：“禮樂志文始舞本舜韶舞，高祖更名文始，示不相襲。五行舞本周武舞，秦始皇更名五行舞。按：今言‘奏武德、文始、五行之舞’者，其樂總象武王樂，言高祖以武定天下也。既示不相襲，其作樂之始。先奏文始，以羽籥衣文綉居先；次即奏五行，五行即武舞，執幹戚而衣有五行之色也。”孝惠廟酎，奏文始、五行之舞。孝文皇帝臨天下，通關梁，不異遠方。◇集解張晏曰：“孝文十二年，除關，不用傳令，遠近若一。”除誹謗，去肉刑，賞賜長老，收恤孤獨，以育群生。減嗜欲，不受獻，◇集解徐廣曰：“減，一作‘滅’。”不私其利也。罪人不帑，◇集解蘇林曰：“刑不及妻子。”不誅無罪。除刑，出美人，重絶人之世。朕既不敏，不能識。此皆上古之所不及，而孝文皇帝親行之。德厚侔天地，◇集解李奇曰：“侔，齊等。”利澤施四海，靡不獲福焉。明象乎日月，而廟樂不稱。朕甚懼焉。其為孝文皇帝廟為昭德之舞，◇集解文穎曰：“景帝采高祖武德舞作昭德舞，舞之於文帝廟，見禮樂志。”以明休德。然後祖宗之功德著於竹帛，施於萬世，永永無窮，朕甚嘉之。其與丞相、列侯、中二千石、禮官具為禮儀奏。”丞相臣嘉等言：“陛下永思孝道，立昭德之舞以明孝文皇帝之盛德。皆臣嘉等愚所不及。臣謹議：世功莫大於高皇帝，德莫盛於孝文皇帝，高皇廟宜為帝者太祖之廟，孝文皇帝廟宜為帝者太宗之廟。天子宜世世獻祖宗之廟。郡國諸侯宜各為孝文皇帝立太宗之廟。諸侯王列侯使者侍祠天子，歲獻祖宗之廟。◇集解張晏曰：“王及列侯歲時遣使詣京師，侍祠助祭也。”如淳曰：“若光武廟在章陵，南陽太守稱使者往祭是也。不使侯王祭者，諸侯不得祖天子也。凡臨祭祀宗廟，皆為侍祭。”請著之竹帛，宣佈天下。”製曰：“可。”
【漢文帝生年考】
對於漢文帝壽命的唯一記載為《史記》註《集解徐廣》曰：年四十七。古人算虛歲，漢文帝享年為46周歲，崩於公元前157年，因此可得出：漢文帝生於公元前203年。《史記》亦載：魏豹已死，漢王入織室，見薄姬有色，詔內後宮，歲餘不得幸。魏豹死於公元前205年，歲餘不得幸，可得：前204年，劉邦幸薄姬，十個月後，大約為前203年，漢文帝誕生！
【後人評價】
司馬遷
孔子言“必世然後仁。善人之治國百年，亦可以勝殘去殺”。誠哉是言！漢興，至孝文四十有餘載，德至盛也。廩廩鄉改正服封禪矣，謙讓未成於今。嗚呼，豈不仁哉！
——《史記·孝文本紀》
班固
孝文皇帝即位二十三年，宮室、苑囿、車騎、服禦無所增益。有不便，輒弛以利民。嘗欲作露臺，召匠計之，直百金。上曰：“百金，中人十傢之産也。吾奉先帝宮室，常恐羞之，何以臺為！”身衣弋綈，所幸慎夫人衣不曳地，帷帳無文綉，以示敦樸，為天下先。治霸陵，皆瓦器，不得以金、銀、銅、錫為飾，因其山，不起墳。南越尉佗自立為帝，召貴佗兄弟，以德懷之，佗遂稱臣。與匈奴結和親，後而背約入盜，令邊備守，不發兵深入，恐煩百姓。吳王詐病不朝，賜以幾杖。群臣袁盎等諫說雖切，常假藉納用焉。張武等受賂金錢，覺，更加賞賜，以愧其心。專務以德化民，是以海內殷富，興於禮義，斷獄數百，幾緻刑措。嗚呼，仁哉！
——《漢書·文帝紀》
司馬貞
孝文在代，兆遇大橫。宋昌建册，絳侯奉迎。南面而讓，天下歸誠。務農先籍，布德偃兵。除帑削謗，政簡刑清。綈衣率俗，露臺罷營。法寬張武，獄恤緹縈。霸陵如故，千年頌聲。
——《史記索隱·孝文本紀述贊》
【故事傳說——親嘗湯藥的孝子】
原文
前漢文帝，名恆，高祖第四子，初封代王。生母薄太後，帝奉養無怠。母常病，三年，帝目不交睫，衣不解帶，湯藥非口親嘗弗進。仁孝聞天下。
贊詩
仁孝臨天下，巍巍冠百王。
莫庭事賢母，湯藥必親嘗。
譯文
漢文帝劉恆，劉邦的四兒子，是一個有名的大孝子。劉恆對他的母親皇太後很孝順，從來也不怠慢。
有一次，他的母親患了重病，這可急壞了劉恆。他母親一病就是三年，臥床不起。劉恆親自為母親煎藥湯，並且日夜守護在母親的床前。每次看到母親睡了，纔趴在母親床邊睡一會兒。劉恆天天為母親煎藥，每次煎完，自己總先嘗一嘗，看看湯藥苦不苦，燙不燙，自己覺得差不多了，纔給母親喝。
In 180 BC, Liu Heng was crowned as Emperor, is Han Wen.
Han-Wen Liu Heng, moral and political world, and created the first Peace and Prosperity of Chinese feudal society - Wenjing. "Peace and Prosperity" is Zhiping the world, that is peace and prosperity.
On behalf of the king ascended the throne
Zhulv were destroyed after the legislation was proposed by Wang Liu Xiang for the emperor, he not only is the eldest grandson of Liu Bang, first raised his army against Zhulv of another power. However, as the mother of King of Qi forces more powerful family, ministers fear encore Lu autocratic, they were rejected. Huainan Wang Chang-because "my mother evil" was negatived.
Liu Heng to Beijing, the prime minister Chen equal worship, saying: "Son, etc. None of the Xiao Hui Hong Son, improper instructions from ancestral temple. King, high Zuchang Zi, appropriate for the heir. Like king or emperor bit!" Liu Heng again sometime later, after high eight years (180 BC) on September 30, moved for the emperor bit, when he was 24 years old. Liu Zhang's younger brother, East Mou Hou Xing home made clear palace crafty villain, then and Taipu Jaap de Hoop infant palace, after the Shaodi car will set out and then uphold the law driving to meet the emperor, that night, Heng into Weiyang Palace .
Wen Liu Heng into Beijing, with only SONG Chang, Chang Wu Deng Liuren. Emperor Wen of Han imperial power determined to integrate systems as soon as possible in order to restore and strengthen the operational capacity of state power.
Emperor Wen of Han Ting know in no strong political base, and some imperial clan that he is "Abstract peach School", simply rely on a number of veteran's support and ascend the throne, his face is growing and growing arrogance of the nobility Wang forces, so his first task is to incentives and penalties is two-pronged strategy to consolidate the imperial power.
Apart from the old Princes, the Han Wen has set up a new group of Princes. In the same year in December, established the original son of the Friends Chao You Wang Liu Zhao Liu therefore abandoned; Xifeng Wang Ze is the original Lang Ya Yan Wang. Later, they established the first Qiang Liu then the king for the Hejian; Zhu virtual Hou Wang Yang Liu Zhang to the city; East Mou Hou Wang Xing-Habitat for the northern economy; Lihuang Zi Wu Liu is on behalf of the king, but also for the Huaiyang Wang Xifeng, after the Xifeng for the King of Liang; participate in Taiyuan Wang Feng Liu; Liu military's as King of Liang.
As the Han Dynasty vigorously political inaction, on the Kings in the development of malignant forces, played a catalytic role. Nobility and expanding, and form a "tail wags the dog" trend, bound to Liu in the imperial and royal imperial clan within the division to generate a sharp contradiction, this contradiction from the Emperor Wen ascended the throne after the start intensified. Wen three years (177 BC), Wang Xing-home Jibei rebellion, the first opening of the Kingdom of the armed struggle against the Han Ting precedent. Wen troops suppressed the rebels instantly collapse, Xing-Home committed suicide after capture.
Although the two were put down the rebellion, but the early Han Dynasty Kings in a vicious power development, in fact, has become the central court against the separatist forces. Court some insight, recognition
Impressed by Wen Jia Yi's "security policy", however, when he was extremely conscientious about political stability and socio-economic recovery and development, the situation does not allow his open confrontation with the vassal king. Until Wen 16 years (164 BC), King of Qi Liu is dead, no heirs bit, Wen Qi regrettably they had the largest six countries. Also the third son of Liu Feng Chang-An, Liu Bo, Liu Chi, etc. for the king, the Huainan country, one in three. Jia Yi Jian princes on the recommendations of the public, have only just been implemented, but the contradiction between imperial and royal power is not fundamentally resolved, decentralization and centralization of the problems remain. As the Emperor Wen of the Kings in basically the same surname appeasement, it led to Emperor Jing Wu Chu Qiguo during the rebellion.
Min-oriented
Fu reduced rent
Wen, "Yan Wu Xingwen", "Dingnan three years and the issue", that is, the lord men reduced to once every three years service. Such relief, the history of feudal society in China is unique.
Tam.
Wen years (168 BC), known as "think tank" of the Prince family to the Wen Chao Cuo make recommendations: "raise the world of people into the grain at the edges to Shoujue impunity, but three years old, Cyprus will be under a lot about SU . "Wen accepted this proposal and take public tender price to sell Jazz and replenish food border guards. Chao Cuo also recommended way into the SU Jazz worship after the implementation of integrated border Su enough to support five years can be made into corn were lost in the county, the county has also product millet; border and counties are full, you can remove the world farm rents. Su worship Jazz approach into practice, the situation of peasants being improved.
The first Peace and Prosperity
The rulers of the changes
Early Han Dynasty, Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing in particular, adhere to the "passive inaction" "Kung repair thrifty" and implement the policy of taxes, resulted in reduction of waste of resources to solve the over-exploitation of the peasants Qin undermine the rights and reasonable boundaries of the fundamental issues, so that has caused a "Officials Anqi Guan, folk music of their business" a good social environment.
【Justice: a Conservative, or Reform】
Early Han rulers insist the Early Han Dynasty "stick letter" thinking, advocate strict enforcement, even if only the emperor, "Dao law enforcement" powers, while not breaking the law. Han Wen is an individual will not undermine the provisions of the law "through the Conservative Law" of the emperor. A, Wen Wei travel in passing the bridge, it was out from under the bridge, ride the horse so that Emperor Wen and running scared. Ting Yu Zhang interpretation of the person sentenced to "sin money" (fined 42 gold). Wen asked execution. To the release of Zhang Wen said: "The law is the Son of Heaven and the people of the world together to develop, if we change the law easily, it will make people lose confidence in the law, do not know how to do it." Wen said Ting Yu eventually done right.
Han Emperor Wen abolished corporal punishment, many comment on future generations, most of that out of "Lesser" Ti-ying, reflects Wen's "benevolent." Reform of the criminal system, the significance of the history of the Chinese legal system is important, it is the ancient Chinese criminal system into a more civilized from the savage stage of phase signs. This reform, as criminal system to the new "Five Forms" (bamboo cane, stick, migration, flow, dead) laid the foundation for the transition.
"Hu Qiang": Hun tough
Ren Taizi family was a letter to Emperor Wen Chao Cuo order to analyze both the Han and Xiongnu the length of their military, suggested that a "raise people's real side" strategy. Its main contents are: the establishment of the frontier towns, the recruitment of people on the mainland frontier movement, farm hand, side of preparation, "HU"; each of the towns of movement of more than 1000 residents, issued by the official agricultural tools, clothing, food, until They can be self-sufficient so far; moving frontier of the people, organized by the preparation of even Kivu, peacetime training, something can be the enemy, who can resist the intrusion Huns, the Huns were to take back the wealth plundered by the official price of reward according to half. Wen, in varying degrees adopted this strategy.
"South King": the South Vietnamese strong
Science Empress seven years (157 BC) summer in June, Han Wen Jia Beng, at the age of 47 years, buried in Baling (now Xi'an, Shaanxi, northwest). Death, people gave him the best posthumous title of "Emperor Hsiao-wen." The so-called "culture", represents "by Tianwei to" "Road Debo Press" "Xueqin Good Man," "Charitable loving," "pity the public benefit gift" and so rich in meaning, which are summarized from a different point of view of the Han Emperor Wen's performance.
Empress
Concubines
Son
Jianghou history books is not leaving a princess, married the son of Zhou Bo, Jiang Hou (Si Yi 8180) won the week, according to Han practice, known as: Jianghou Princess
Hsiao-wen emperor, ◇ Ji Jie Han sound and meaning, saying: "Hang taboo." Too high Zuzhong Zi, Mu Yue Bo Kyi. Emperor 10 a year in spring, has been broken military Chen pig, will be on behalf of, the legislation is on behalf of the king, all in all. □ Be My justice include to: "in both Old City of Pingyao County in southwest Fenzhou 12 years, Qin is also Taiyuan County." Empress Bo's son. Ascended the throne 17 years after the July high, high to collapse. September, production and so prefer to give all lyly chaos to crisis Liu, Minister of vocal, stand on behalf of the plan called the king of things the phrase in the Empress.
Health prime minister Chen Ping, Qiu Ying Zhou Bo and other people on behalf of the king. About doctor orders on behalf of the king wu Zhang. Chang wu meeting said: "When Chinese Minister Gao and are so general, teaching soldiers, multimedia fraud, This is the preferred non-stop to this also, especially fear Rise and Empress Wei Lu ear. So far completed punish Zhu Lv, new bloody ○ Solitude Jie, Han as "chatter" sound Hing Wah Street West, anti-small dispatch. Han Chan Tong Jie Yan Du bloody business, no matter AU drink. Guang Ya-yun, "CDs, assumed also", that carry out related to the. Capital, set Solution Gongyangzhuan said: "Beijing, large; division, the public also, emperor of the home, the speech will be made to the public is also large. "This is to greet the king in the name, real credible. Not to the former King of Chen Ji, to watch his change." Lieutenant SONG Chang-Jin said: ○ Solitude and East View of the Han Kee Song Yang Chuan-Song Yi SONG Chang-after. Also Kuiji Code recorded Chang, Song Yi Sun also. "None of the ministers of the meeting also. Fu Qin missing the affairs of princes Hao Jie and since everyone thinks too few of those to 10000, however the position pawn who practice the emperor, Liu also, the world is desperate for a carry on. Feng Gao and Wang Zaidi,, interlocking system, ○ Solitude and made the children of environmental soil sealing the transfer, if the dog while the back-into the teeth are quite straight. This so-called solid rock of the cases also, ○ Solitude made its solid as a rock. This language See s Six also. the world their strong suit, two carry on. Hanxing, in addition to Qin tyranny, about laws, Shide Hui, everyone from security, difficult to shake, the three carry on. husband to the Empress Dowager Lu Yan, Li Zhu Lv for the three kings , without authorization authoritarian, but Qiu to an army into the north, ○ Solitude and the correction that God, through discipline section. a call Shijiezuotan for Liu, rebellion Zhu Lv, to destroy the Death. This is Tianshou, non- human also. Suiyu to change the current minister, the people Ephesians order, the party rather to specific evil? metabolic abnormality within the virtual Zhu, East of the pro-Mou, external fear Wu, Chu, Huainan, Langya, Qi, on behalf of strong. FANG Jin Gao and child alone Huainan Wang and King, King and long, Xian Sheng Rensiao, smell in the world, so the heart of the Minister for the world and wish to welcome Li King, King is also not to doubt. "Empress of dollars on behalf of Wang Pao, Utah and uncertain. Bu the turtle, Gua Wang Siu too big. ◇ Ji Jie Ying Shao said: "to Jing Zhuo turtle, text is horizontal." Account, saying: "Big G, Wang G, I as king, XIA Qi to light." ◇ Ji Jie Fu Qian, saying: "Kang G, Wang appearance also . "Leach said:" G G, the Yao culture also. "Zhang Yan said:" Cross refuses to accept without thinking. Geng, more also. Introduction to the princes and Jidi Wei also. first five emperors official world, while Chan Yin-old, to Kai Father of Jazz before transfer, is the foundation can be light administration Xianjun. Wen also trace the passage of the parent, who also made similar XIA Qi. "○ Solitude Xunyue Yun:" Big Wang, Zhao Wang Li also turtle. "by: G G still" more more, "Introduction to princes also more throne. Xunyue Yun, "Yao, pumping well, so be good and bad feelings out of it." Du Yu Yun, "Yao, Siu words would be, audio helmet also." By: Han Rao cloud cover wide "Five Emperors official world, the three royal world, officials with Successfully Passes Throngh Longhai people, home to pass future generations." Public officials still are, that is not private also. On behalf of the Neo: "Gua Ren Wang has been solid men, and how the king?" Pu people, saying: "The King upon is the Son of Heaven." So on behalf of the Queen Mother Wang Naiqian brother to see Jiang Hou Bo Zhao, Jiang Hou and other instruments as Zhao Yan Therefore, Wang Yi-Ying Li. Bo Zhao also reported saying: "Trust men, and no suspects." SONG Chang behalf of Wang Nai smiled and said: "fruits, such as public statement." Nai Ming SONG Chang-participation by Chang Yi Chang Cheng Chuan Wu Deng Liuren. To gaoling stop, □ justice, including to Be My: "gaoling Old City in the southwest in the Yongzhou Gaoling, whose real name is transverse, Wei on the shelf. Sansuke the old things have Hsing Yun Qin Le Palace in Weinan, Xianyang Gong Weibei there. Qin For communication between the king was the Second Temple, made transverse, long 380 step, northbound stone water Watch out like the old speculation. this God with LU language classes make it out to stay, saying 'I Mao Chou, Ching good map material content, not '. Ban said, then handed it over with the words' speak out to see me'. to stay is the first. classes to foot painting, the speculation to remain conscious-ness, then no water. Therefore, as in the Water Purchase Only above waist. Weitai Zu see the frightened horse, under the command transfer. "而使 SONG Chang of Chang Chi View first change.
Wei-chang to the story bridge, ◇ Ji Jie Surin said: "In the Chang'an North Three Mile." ○ Solitude Sansuke story: "Xianyang Gong in Weibei, Xing Yue Temple in Weinan, among Qinzhao Wang Tong Liang Gong for Wei bridge, long 380 steps. "cloud pillars and off the record is Fufeng north, the south is Jingzhao pillars also. The prime minister the following are welcome. SONG Chang also reported. Wang Chi Zhi Wei on behalf of the bridge, the ministers paid homage to concede defeat. Prayer on behalf of the king off. Qiu Bo Jin said: "between the words of the original, please." ○ Solitude package Kai busy tone, speech language want to free space. Reappraisal goes: ", the content, it still made the middle. Let the Qing, leisure time, when some Chen, also do not want the public opinion." SONG Chang said: "Kung said, the public words. Said the private, the King not private. "Qiu is kneeling on the emperor Fu Xi. On behalf of the king, saying: "to the residence of the meeting on behalf of." ○ Solitude Wen said: "Di, vassal state homes." Then Chiru on behalf of the Di. Ministers from to. Prime minister Chen Ping, Qiu Zhou Bo, Grand General Chen Wu, royal doctor Zhang Cang, are being examined Liu Ying, ◇ Ji Jie Han Baiguan table, saying: "being examined, the Qin government." Ying Shao said: "When King Cheng of Zhou, Tong Bo into is being examined. "virtual Hou Zhu Liu Zhang, Xing Dong Mou Hou home, typical customers are Zaibaiyanyue Jie Liu:" filial son of Emperor Hui Hong, etc. None of the children, improper instructions from ancestral temple. minister would ask Yin Anhou ◇ Annals Surin said: "Brother Bo Gao and his wife share a letter Hou Jie mother, Mrs. Hill also. "Liehou are queen ◇ Annals Xu Guang said:" generation are the wife of Wang Liu Zhong. "Yin: by: Surin said," Nakago Bi, as king, so catch Posthumous are king "also. As soon said," are closed Queen Yam An Hou, Lu sister when Lam Kwong Hou, who is also a group of one hundred families Xiaohe Fu Hou. "Another imperial clan table At this point no overcast security, know as are the queen. ○ Solitude by: Surin, Xu Guang, Wei Zhao that two titles, and music production as soon introduced to other letters are queen yin An Hou, and Chinese Temple that meet. Now, this yin security is knighted others is wrong. are the Queen on behalf of the Queen, Emperor Wen of the aunt. on behalf of the king reduced to He Hu positive marquis, Gu Yun "Liehou are the queen." Wei Zhao said, "Security is cloudy Wei Jun "also. and Langya Wang, imperial family, ministers, Liehou, clerks Erqian Dan Yee said: 'Big Wang Gaodi eldest son, should the Rise and heir.' former king is emperor bit." on behalf of the Neo: "Feng Gao and Ancestral heavy things too. Gua Ren is not eloquent enough to say ancestral temple. the original terms should please the king who, ◇ Annals Surin said: "the king were submitted, Rise and brother. "○ Solitude king cross, Rise and younger brother, the most respect. Made more account should please the king who, under the cloud it," are suitable "also. Gua Ren not when." Ministers are V solid please. Wang Xixiang to a Third Generation, Tone of the South to those who re. ◇ Annals as Chun said: "Let the ministers also. Or say something face-bit host and guest, monarch and his subjects bit north and south side, so the West to take three for free, the ministers still say should, but in the back seat said that change, that is, Throne The gradually also. "prime minister of equality Jieyue:" I have total of V, king of Gao Feng is best known ancestral temple, though all the world to suitable Houwan Min. Chendeng Sajik account for the ancestral temple, not suddenly. Fortunately, the former king to listen to Chen Deng. Morrison like Fengtian Yuxi Fu Zaibai on. "on behalf of the Neo:" Royalty is about to make that Mo Yi Wang Liehou Gua Ren, Gua Ren dare not address. "emperor moved for a bit.
Man-Lai times are ministers to serve. Naishitaipu infants and East Mou Hou gogo Qing, ◇ Ji Jie Ying Shao said: "Old Code, Imperial Bank Fortunately actions, and will be laid off first case of static line quiet house so the house to fear very much." ○ Solitude by: Han Miriam cloud "Emperor living, room curettage before making claims." law Fengtian drive, ○ Solitude and Han officials Miriam says: "Son of Heaven Lu Bu has Dajia, French driving. Dajia or poor instructions from lead, a large general participation by, an eight-car 11 ride. France is not Lu Bu in the driving or poor, but Lord Mayor, executive Kingo, Chang Feng order cited, sijung participation by, is by car 36 also. "meet on behalf of the Di. Emperor is sick into the Wei Yang Palace. SONG Chang-night prayer is for the general health, Zhen Fu North-South military. Zhang Wu for the doctor to order the house line. Also sitting front hall. So the next night edict said: "among those who Zhulv Allusion without authorization, seeking to took an unusual move, trying to use the crisis Ancestral Liu, Lai will phase Liehou Royalty Minister vocal, all V the Koo. I first came to the throne, the amnesty the world, giving China Jue level, women's 100 cattle wine, ◇ Annals Surin said: "Awarding men and women give cattle wine. "○ Solitude by: Sealing a book goes" one hundred head of cattle, wine 10 stone. "Cloud music production," a woman without husband or no children nonstick Jazz, it is giving it. "Drink heavily on the 5th." ◇ Ji Jie Wen Ying said: "Chinese legal persons has been group drink for no reason, fine 42. this gift was to make convergence Chao Wang Food on the 5th." ○ Solitude wrote the text goes, "drink in company, King Bud, great drink too." Pay to contribute to a feast, a fresh to drink heavily. Also note: King Wuling of Zhao eliminate Zhongshan, drink heavily on the 5th, is also its effect.
. Please first month, Yuji Yan Yue: "flea build Prince, so respect for ancestral temple. Please stand Prince." On the say: "I neither moral, God, not gods Xin Xiang, the world failed the people of Xian Zhi. ○ Solitude by: Xian who full of meaning too. no Qian Zhi, the words are rather further over the world also. Han as "Yue Zhi", Ann. this vertical world demand can not be Bo virtuous person Xian Sheng Yan Buddhist world, and said, Prince Yu Jian It is important I do not te. that the world is what? ○ Solitude and why that word is also in the world. The safety of. "○ Solitude and the, voice their opinions. On those, Xu also. Judai also made slowly. Yuji said: "Yu Jian, Prince, so heavy ancestral Sajik, not forgetting the people." On the said: "The King of Chu, Ji Father, Spring High, read a lot about the world of doctrine, ◇ Annals as Chun said:" reading, Jewish calendar is also made more than more. "Out in the country generally. King in I, brother also, hae to good German. Huainan Wang, younger brother also, Bingde to accompany I. Annals Wen Ying said:" accompany, assisted also. "岂 is not yu zai! Princes Royalty Kundi a hero, meaning more Yin and virtuous, if they hold can not be virtuous in order to accompany the end I was Sajik Spirit, the world is a blessing too. This is not the election Yan, and child will say, I was forgetting who their to Yin virtuous person, rather specializing in child, non so worry the people. I do not even take too. "Yuji are solid Please say:" In ancient Yin Zhou Youguo, totaling some law and order in all age ancient of the world who have long Mo Yan, is also using this Road. ○ Solitude ancient words of a world who no longer than Ritsuko, Gu Yun "long Mo Yan." those with the Road with Yanzhou Li Gentleman, it is Yasuharu 1000 surplus to the year. heirs will sub, which has never been far from the truth. Rise and personally led a scholar, began peace to the world, building princes, for the emperor who Taejo. vassals and Liehou before country by country by key also its ancestors. Son Sun Jisi the ages of Ephesians must, and the world of cause and also, so to ask at home and the Rise and set up. this release should build even more selection in the nobility and the imperial clan, non Rise and ambition also. more discussion should not be. ○ Solitude and other proposals made by not more also. son of a longest Chunhou Chain, please build that Prince. "is promised on. Contemporary Father of the people by giving the world the level of the latter Jazz ◇ Annals Wei Zhao said: "Wen to the use of a child, the do not want only the its blessing, it is the parent who gave the world Jazz." General closure for the Zhi Hou Bo Zhao. ◇ Ji Jie Xu Guang said: "Celebrate the Otomi have."
LASH March, Yuji Please set up the queen. Empress Dowager Bo said: "Princes are surname, Li, Prince to Queen Mother." Solitude and that the son of God, as Princes are all surname. Name, students also. Made the same as those female students, it also established mother of Prince. Queen's last name Doushi. For the establishment after it, giving the world the poor and the widows and the needy orphans in 80-year-old has been on meat have been a few meters under the cloth. On from Generation to, first came to the throne, Shide Hui world, providing all contact Huan Fu princes Shii, is to follow from the generation of hero. On said: "I welcome Fangda Chen of punish Zhu Lv, I suspicion, are only I, the only advise I Lieutenant SONG Chang, Zhen Yi Feng ancestral get insurance. Have respect for the health of General Chang, Feng-chang as its strong Wuhou. ◇ Annals Xu Guang said: "April Hsinhai seal, seal 30 years, Emperor Jing Hou wins in four years, China addition. "○ Solitude Wei Zhaoyun Jiaodong County. □ justice, including to Be My:" Zhuang Wu Old City in the Laizhou Jimo County West 60, the Gulai Yi state, has Zhuang Wu County Old City. "All six people from the I, Guan Jie to Jiuqing." □ Chinese home Jiuqing just a say too often, second is orchards third is Wei Wei, Siyuetaipu, Wuyuetingwei, Liu Yue Dai Hung group of seven said, are being examined, eight large companies say farmers, nine say less government is to Jiuqing also. Fast
The remaining two years in October, the prime minister level and death, complex as the prime minister to Jiang Hou Bo. On said: "I heard the founding of the ancient nobility who pursues all keep their places, to pay tribute to the time, people do not toil up and down joyous, extravagant have left Germany. This Liehou Daugu Chang, Yap far, Li Zu to lose fee bitter, but Liehou no people from the lessons of its. □ justice tame, old "training" is used. its so Liehou the country, for the clerks and Chao are only those laid off Prince. "◇ Ji Jie Zhang Yan said:" To Officials , that to Jin Kingdom as part of official. Chao is just, especially to see to stay loving person. "
November night with food, Japanese have eaten. □ justice by: that eclipse the Moon Man goes, a lunar eclipse is expected. The dark clouds eclipse the fear of calendar error. Dec Wang, Japan has food. ◇ Ji Jie Xu Guang said: "This cloud Wangri they eat. By: Han Dynasty and the Five Elements Chi Man has no such eclipse. 1 for 'eclipse' eclipse of the century natural history books do not." On the say: "I heard of people born with steam, whom to support home rule ruler. take charge of the non-moral, political inequality cloth, then the days of showing them with one-year-old field to Commandments died. is a November night, Japanese have eaten, found suitable days , one-year-old field what Big Yan! I was Paul ancestral to Wei Miao Yu Zhao Min king of body on top of Forex Capital Market LLC, the world is chaos, one in I, CD-23 is also the ruling still I Gu Gong. I can not under the management education Qun, on to tired The next three lights, it does not carry on Tak. so to, I think its the fault of note, and think of the less known see, Gai to notice I., and Recommending Founder to respect those very remonstrance to Marina I of the incompetent. because The ordered his tenure, the Ministry of forced labor costs to convenience. I can not far from Germany, so Xin Nian between foreigners of course there are non, ◇ Ji Jie Han sound and meaning, saying: "Xin Ran also mediated between the natural Jew. Africa, rape Definitely not. "○ Solitude Sulin Yun," Xin, the sleep disturbed by the appearance as "cover close to the meaning. The rest are sparse, said. Xin against the tone of the plate. Is a device without interest. Can not stop this longitudinal edge of the Garrison, but ordered Bing Hou Wei, General military satellite of its strike. Taipu see the horse enough money left, ○ Solitude also left behind left behind. wealth, the ancient characters and "talented" with. Introduction Taipu see in the horse, this matter leaving only enough charge it also. the other tailor to transfer home. "○ Solitude by: Guang Ya-yun," home, relay it. " Han Yun added, "horses for a ten miles home." Therefore, a music production set Yi Yun Chuan also. Made by communicators to pass time by name, by those with horses to take horses home. Anti-D love sound transmission. Such as Chun Yun "law, four horses Height, to preach the home, four horses in the foot as Chi Chi, the next foot to take home, a horse two horse light carriage home, such as those owned by a horse, saying urgent by it."
Scold March mendelevium, Yuji please Lihuang Zi as vassals. On said: "You Wang Zhao quiet death, I shall even pity, has established his eldest son therefore abandoned Zhao. Then the provision of strong and younger brother of Zhu Qi Dao Huiwang virtual sub-chapter Hou, East Mou Hou gogo-active, can be the king." Nai Li Zhao You Wang birth rate for the provision of strong Hejian king to play County Qi Hou Zhu virtual city of Yang Wang, Li Dong Wang Mou Hou economic North, Prince Wu is on behalf of the king, the child parameters for the Taiyuan Wang, son of military's for the King of Liang.
Beetles on the best, saying: "Rule of the ancient world, there is progress towards improvement of the Jing, ◇ Ji Jie Ying Shao said:" Jing, streamers too. Yao set of five over the road, so that the Association's good deeds. "If Chun said:" For those who are into good, stand under the banner words. "Defamation of the wood, ◇ Ji Jie Fu Qian said:" Yao for the bridge cross stigma afternoon. "Ying Shao said:" bridge side plate, so the book has lost the guilt politics. To the Qin to the, this Naifu facilities also. "○ Solitude by: Shi Zi Yun," Yao Li defamation of wood. "Slander sound wrong, also sounds boiling. Weizhao Yun," consider the affairs of Absence, makes the book in the wood, when Yao course this also, and future generations because of that decoration. This ectopic bridge is also the first four Ueki. "Li Yun Zheng Xuan Note the" one vertical and one horizontal for the afternoon, that the consistent form wood column 4, the Chinese term of the present form. "Hao Guan table column 4 that the famous wooden" Huan " Chen Chu Sheng Huan recent and popular, others but know yourself, "and table", then "China" and "and" it with false ears. So admonished those who come through Governance. this law is the crime of defamation fallacy is to make his court can not Enjoy, but was no fault by the news too. Since the distance to any of the virtuous? its addition to the. people or wish to swear on a similar statement and then with Man, ◇ Ji Jie Han sound and meaning, saying: "I wish the people with total swear Results also . Man who then Man mindful of the fact of not complete wish swear too. "○ Solitude Weizhao Yun:" Man, offset false charge also. "Said the text goes:" Man, bullying also. "Meet the beginning of that line I wish, after the phase deceive deceive, Middle mindful of the fact that it also. Officials that took an unusual move, it has his words, while the clerks they thought defamation. This fine people ignorant and stupid, hilarious, I even did not take. Since Today, there have been guilty of listening to this Convicted rule. "
Ding clean up October night three years, Japanese have eaten. In November, the expression: "the day before removal Liehou the country, or speech is not OK. The prime minister I of the weight of their country as I rate Liehou." Jiang Hou Bo-free prime minister on the country to Qiu Ying Yin Hou infants as prime minister. Stop Qiu officer, is the prime minister. In April, Wang Yang City Chapter demise. Huainan Wang Wei Jing-length and from those who kill and eat the provision of positive marquis trial.
Hu skeletal May, the king into the north, the home of Henan for the bandit. Dichu Fortunately, Oasis. ◇ Annals Yong said: "Son of Heaven driving them actions, and the people that lucky Robinson, Hence it is fortunate. To see that long old Mr. Guan Zhu, visit the Villa, merry, give food more towel knife wear silk, China Jue there series, or give farm rents of a half, so called because a lucky. "○ Solitude should Shao Yun:" Palace were, in Yunyang. a forest of light. "Chen Zan says:" Oasis, mountain name. Lam Kwong, Qin Imperial Villa Name. "Gu then by: Fu Xing Chengzong expedition Note cloud" Oasis, rivers. " Today's note: The upgrade to have Oasis in mountains, the scenery and all directions also. House name Muir. June, emperor said: "Han and the Huns about Kundi, not to harm the border, so lose the Huns left behind very thick. This Youxian Wang from their country, will fall to the public home in Henan, is therefore, demand close to plug, kill Li Zu, drive security plug barbarians, so it is not their home, Ling Kau Officials edge, into the theft, even Ao no way, non-about also. the fat side of Officials riding high 85000 Yi slaves, repatriated the prime minister Hou Guan Ying Ying Yin hit Hun. "Hun go, hair Baiguan table Lieutenant ◇ Annals Han said:" Lieutenant, Qin officials. "Chang material Guan Zhu Wei, General military.
Yan Huai six years, Yuji long words Huainan Wang waste Xiandi law, do not listen to the emperor Chao, Home Office, not degrees, out to be the emperor, good at the law, and the spine against Po Hou Taizi Towers, Qian Ren so Minyue and Huns, hair The soldiers, trying to use the crisis ancestral Sajik. Ministers meeting, Jieyue "long when discarding" God could not bear To Act king amnesty against himself, do not waste king. The ministers requested the Department WANG Shu Yan Tao, Qiong Du, ◇ Ji Jie Xu Guang said: "Han or for 'Post' word, or direct cloud 'Qiong Bo'. Qiong Du and Yi is this is, Er Shi Yan Road did not pass, There Qiong Bo Hill. "□ justice Qiong, its Christine counter. Including land Zhiyun: "Yan Road, this is the county, that state by Qiong Li County also. County Road barbarians say, twenty years before and Yan Road. Qiong Qiong are all counties in this country, Chinese for the county, this state is also Juan. Southwestern Minority Chuan Yun 'Dianchi Lake, north of Jun to 10 the number of long, Qiong are the greatest' is also. "Note: The ministers requested the Department Huainan Wang Shu Yan Cheung Road, not Seoul, farther west Qiong Qiong Du Bo mountains. Bo Ya Qiong Shan State in by the county sector Wing. Rong, economic, military ethics between home, the Qin Yan authentic. Be My Huayang: "Qiong Qiong people so narrow hill, narrow one sector. Hilly rock, song back Jiuzhe well, pour the ice down there. Zun by the board who are. The current line from the southwest to Juan Jiuzhe state, mountain rain less clear, custom calling name omitted days. "God promised. Long not yet reached the premises, line died, the pity of. After 16 years, posthumous title for long Zhuizun Huainan Wang Li Wang, Li his son, three were the Huainan Wang, ○ Solitude Name An, Fu Ling Hou also. Heng Shanwang, ○ Solitude name Bo, Anyang Hou also. Lujiang Wang. ○ Solitude name bestowed, Zhou positive marquis too.
someone 'in May, Sarkozy made Chunyu Taicang Public ○ Solitude name meaning for the Qi Taicang order, so that the positions in the public also. When criminal guilt, Zhao Yu Chang, Department arrest resettlement. Taicang public without male and female five. Taicang will catch the public will be OK, scolding his daughter, saying: "Son do not birth to a boy, a priority is also non-useful!" The girls sound Ti-ying ○ Solitude United sing. Chow sound body, non. Since the injury he endured, is with his father to Chang'an, a letter, saying: "Father of the Officials concubine, Qi of them registering their honest and take law as punishment today. Concubine can not hurt the dead husband back to life, is a criminal who can not be complex, although complex want to turn over rehabilitation, the Road without the too. concubine into the former official did not tick, redeem the parent criminal offense to make themselves. "books played the emperor, the Son of Heaven pity for the sorrow of its meaning, is the edict said:" I have heard that in Yu cover when Dress clothes that draw different chapters Slaughter, □ Criminal Justice Jin Shu Zhi-Yun: "Three kings words and the people do not violate the set, dressed and painted the people to know the Five Emperors ban. Fu Qing who committed their towel, cut off the nose by Dan committed his service, who committed Bin ink their body, who committed Palace miscellaneous their sandals, great provision of the crime, punishment of the very special, cloth without their clothes Kobun leading edge, throw in the City , and the public discarded. "The people do not make. What is? To the rule also. This law is corporal punishment 3, ◇ Annals Leach said:" pledge no corporal punishment, Wen have corporal punishment. "Meng Kang said:" tattoo cut off the nose 2, left toe one, all three. "○ Solitude Weizhao Yun:" Broken Toe, tattoo, cut off the nose of the case. "Cui Haohan legal order goes:" Wen addition to corporal punishment and hard house. "Zhang Fei note saying:" Terran order to immorality, it is not easy for too. "The evil is more than its blame security in? Non-teaching and unknown is I Debo Secular? I very ashamed. Gufu Tame Road, Yan trap impurities and fools. Poem says 'Kai Ti gentlemen, the people of their parents'. People today had, teaching facilities and the punishment did not increase Yan? or want to change behavior of good and not by the Road also. I even pity for. husband penalty to break support body, the skin carved, life-long rest, How Chu pain without Germany also, not at parents called the intention of the people zai! its addition to corporal punishment. "
S reminders 16 years, the pro-Komi Weiyang Five Emperors Temple also used in summer salute while still red.
Emperor Wen Takakage cover the first year of October, the system Chao Censor: "cover smell of ancient ancestors who were active and virtuous, ◇ Ji Jie Ying Shao said:" before taking the world by the ancestors, and Rise and said the emperor is also. For the cases of those who rule the world before, the emperor Taizong is also known. "Each of the ritual system. Heard singers, so send te; dancers, it is also clear success. Gaomiao Spirits, ◇ Ji Jie Zhang Yan said:" Once the first month for wine, in August into, it is called shochu. Spirits are pure words. To the Dynasty, because in August to try Spirits dukes temple, the gold deacon, the so-called 'Spirits Gold' also. "Played Morality, Culture beginning, the five elements of dance. ◇ Ji Jie Meng Kang said:" Morality, the emperor also. Text before, Shun dance also. Five, Zhou dance too. Takenori owner, its executive Dance and dry Qi. Wen began Wuzhiyuyue. Five dance crown, clothes Act Five color. See Yue Zhi. "○ Solitude should Shao Yun:" Ritual Dance of the Shun Chi Shao Wen started dancing emperor renamed the text before, showing no phase attack. Five Elements Martial Arts dance this week, the emperor renamed the Five Elements Dance. Note: this word 'play Wu De, the text began, the five elements of dance' who, like the Emperor Wu of their total music music, made emperor in order to force the world has set. Show not only with the passage, the beginning of its merry. The text before the first play to Yu yue Yi Wen Xiu precede; times that playing the five elements, five elements that is Martial Arts, the Executive and the clothes are dry Qi Elements of color also. "Xiao Hui Temple Spirits, played before the text, the five elements of dance. Takafumi emperor Pro world, customs clearance beam, does not differ from afar. ◇ Ji Jie Zhang Yan said:" Hsiao-wen years, in addition to customs, without orders, if a distance. "In addition to defamation, to corporal punishment, reward the elders, close-shirt alone, to education sentient beings. By Shi Yu, free offer, ◇ Ji Jie Xu Guang said:" cut, one for 'off'. "The benefits are not private. Sinners not public funds, ◇ Annals Surin said:" Punishment is less than his wife. "Does not punish innocent. In addition to punishment, the beauty, weight of the world must people. I neither sensitive and can not know. Euphemistically of the less ancient, and Hsiao-wen emperor of the pro line. Dehou Mou world, ◇ Annals Ricci said: "Mou, Qi. "Lize applied universally, Mibu by Fu Yan. Almost like the sun and the moon tomorrow, but do not call the temple music. I even fear Yan. The Temple of the Seven Generations of the Emperor Hsiao-wen dance, ◇ Ji Jie Wen Ying said:" the emperor adopted The White Horse Temple Dance for Seven Generations of Dance, Dance of the Wen Temple, see Yue-chi. "To clear off Germany. Then ancestors of merit book in Zhu Bo, Shi in Jesus Christ, eternally endless, I even Yoshiyuki. Its prime minister, Liehou, in Erqian Dan, ritualists played with the ritual." Prime minister Chen Jia, etc. words: "Your Majesty always thought of filial piety, stand Akinori dance to the emperor of the Ming Takafumi Sidley. are so stupid as not as Jia Chen. chen like meeting: World power is greater than high and the emperor, temo Sheng Yu Hsiao-wen emperor, high Wong Temple appropriate for the emperor who Taejo of Temple, Temple advised the Emperor Hsiao-wen Emperor Taizong of the temple were. emperor should offer ages of ancestors of the temple. Grading and princes should all stand for the Takafumi Emperor Taizong of the temple. vassals Liehou messenger paternity Temple emperor, offering year-old ancestors of the temple. ◇ Ji Jie Zhang Yan said: "Sending Envoys Yi Wang and Liehou the age of the capital, paternity Temple deacon also. "If the sun, saying:" If Guangwu Temple in chapter Ling, Nanyang Prefecture envoy to the festival is also known. Hau Wong Festival not to persons, princes also shall not Zutian Zi. All Pro ancestral worship are all paternity Festival. "Please forward to the Zhu Bo, announced the world." System, saying: "may."
Evaluation】 【posterity
- "Shi Ji Xiao Text Discipline"
- "Han Wen Ji"
- "Historical Records Solitude Xiao Ji Commentary of text"
Former Chinese Emperor Wen, were constant, the fourth son of emperor, the early letters on behalf of the king. Thin mother Empress, Emperor caring not relent. Mother often disease, three years, Timor Mubujiaojie, clothing puzzled with, decoction into the non-mouth tasted it himself Eph. Rensiao world news.
Mok Yin Ting something mother, decoction will be pro-taste.
Once, his mother is seriously ill, it can be very anxious Heng. A disease that is three years his mother, bedridden. Heng Tang decoction in person for the mother and guardian of her mother's bedside day and night. Every time I see her mother slept, her mother was lying in bed and sleep. Heng preparing medicine for his mother every day, every fried finished their first taste of total and see him for the medical hardship is not bitter, hot is not hot, its about time, which gave the mother to drink.